fcat science vocabulary rev

8/8/2019 FCAT Science Vocabulary Rev

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FCAT Science Vocabulary



An environmental factor notassociated with livingorganism. Example rocks ,air , sun and weather

Abiotic



Rate of change in velocity, usually

expressed in m/s2

Acceleration



A substance that increases theH+ (positive ion) concentrationwhen added to a water solution.*T

aste Sour*Turns blue litmus paper red.

Acid



Amount of energy required tostart a particular chemicalreaction.

Activation Energy



A particular development, behavior, or

physiological change in a population oforganisms, in response to changes in theenvironment.

Adaptation



Any alternate form of a genethat an organism may have fora particular trait.

Allele



An organic molecules thatmakes up proteins.* there are 20 of them.

Amino Acids



In any periodic function (e.g., awave) the distance betweenthe position of rest and the highest

point of a wave.

Amplitude

* The amplitude is the power of a signal. The greater theamplitude, the greater the energy carried.



A solution containing water.

Aqueous



New identical individuals areformed without the involvement of gametes.

*Budding*Binary Fission

Asexual Reproduction



The average distance from

Earth to the Sun, approximately150 million kilometers or(93 million miles)

Astronomical Unit



The layers of gas that surroundEarth, other planets, or stars

Atmosphere



The smallest unit of matter

Atom



The total protons in an atoms

nucleus

Atomic Number



A substance that increases the OH-

concentration of a solution; a protonacceptor.* make your hands feel slippery.* turns red litmus paper blue.

Base



The existence of different species in a given area or specific period of time.

Biodiversity



A community characterized by theinteraction of living organisms andclimate factors.

Biome



Factors in anenvironment relating to

livingorganisms.

Biotic



Unit of energy; theamount of heat neededto raise one gram of

water one degreeCelsius at standardatmospheric pressure.

Calorie



Animal or plant that consume orobtains nutrients from animals.*meat-eater

Carnivore



A substance that speedsup or slows down the rateof a reaction.* the substance is not used up.

Catalyst



The motionpushing away fromcenter or axis.

Centrifugal Force



Centripetal Force

The force on an object toward the center of the circle.



Change of State A.K.A Phase change.



A change in a substance thatresults in producing a differentchemical.* Rusty Nail

Chemical Change



Connection of electrical elements

forming a complete path forthe flow of current.

Circuit



All thepopulationsbelonging todifferent speciesand sharingthe same area.

Community



A substance made up of at leasttwo different elements heldtogether by chemical bonds.

Compound



The processof changingfrom a gasto a liquid.

Condensation

How Rain Forms.



Direct heating; thetransmission of heat

through a medium and

without the motion ofthe medium.

Conduction

OUCH !



A fundamental principle statingenergy cannot be created ordestroyed but only change form.

*The 1st

Law of Thermodynamics.

Conservation of Energy



The principle that mass cannotbe created or destroyed.

Conservation of Mass



A star pattern identifiedand named as a definitegroup; usually thoughtof as forming certain

shapes or figures in aspecific region of thesky.

Constellation

Capricorn



An organism that feeds on anotherorganism for food.* Heterotroph

Consumer



Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation ofcurrents from one region to another.

Convection



Area where two tectonic platescollide.

Convergent Boundary



A chemical link between two

atoms of the same or differentelements in which each atomshares an electron.

Covalent Bond



The peak or highest point on a wave.

Crest

A



Outermost layer

of Earth coveringthe mantle.* lithosphere

Crust



Any organism that feeds or obtains

nutrients by breaking down organicmatter from dead organisms.

Decomposer



Concentration of matter of an object;

number of individual in the samespecies that live in a given area; themass per unit volume of a substance in

a given area.* D=M/V

Density



Factor being measured or

observed in an experiment.

Dependent Variable/Responding Variable



Layering matter in a natural process.

D

eposition



The bending of a wave aroundan obstruction.

Diffraction



A nuclei acid that carriesgenetic material; present in all

cellular organisms.* Located on chromosomes in the nucleus.

DNA



Tendency of certain alleles to mask

the expression of theircorresponding alleles.*The trait that is expressed.* Upper Case

Dominance



Shaking of the ground caused by asudden release of energy in thecrust.

Earthquake



An ecological community, together

with its environment, functioningas a unit.

Ecosystem



Consisting of a coil of wire wrapped

around a core; becomesstrongly magnetized when currentflows through the coil producing amagnetic field.

Electromagnet



The emission of the entire range of

electromagnetic spectrum including:gamma rays, x-rays, ultravioletradiation, visible light, microwaves,and radio waves.

Electromagnetic Radiation



Generated by the oscillation of a

charged particle and characterized byperiodic variations of electric andmagnetic fields.

Electromagnetic Waves



A stable elementary particle that is

negatively charged andorbits the nucleus of an atom.

Electron



A substance that cannot bereduced by chemical means.

Element



A quantity that describes thecapacity to do work; a source ofusable power.

Energy



Diagram that compares the amount of

energy available at each position, orlevel, in the feeding order.

Energy Pyramid



A change of energy from one form toanother (e.g., mechanical to electrical,solar to electrical).

Energy Transfer



A measure of randomness ordisorder of a closed system.

Entropy



Environment

The sum of conditions affecting an organism,including all living and nonliving things in anarea, such as plants, animal, water, soil,

weather, land forms, and air.



The wearing away of Earths surface by

the breakdown and transportation ofrock and soil.

Erosion



The process by which a liquid isconverted to its vapor phaseby heating the liquid.

Evaporation



A rock fracture along which movement

or displacement of Earths crust hastaken place.

Fault



Transfer of energy through various

stages as a result of feeding patternsof a series of organisms.

Food Chain



The interconnected feedingrelationships in a food chain found in aparticular place and time.

Food Web (cycle)



A quality that tends to produce

movement or acceleration of a body onthe direction of its application; a pushor pull.

*F=MA

Force



A whole or part of a plant oranimal that has been preserved in

sedimentary rock.

Fossil



The remains of animals or plant from

past geologic ages that are now in aform suitable for use as an energyresource(e.g., oil, coal, or natural gas)

Fossil Fuels



The number of cycles orwaves per unit time.* measured in Hertz (Hz)

Frequency



A force that

opposes therelative motionof two material

surfaces incontact with oneanother.

Friction



A large collection of stars, gases, anddust that are part of the universe boundtogether by gravitational forces.

Galaxy



One of the fundamentalstates of matter inwhich the molecules do

not have a fixed volumeor shape.

Gas



A specific part of a chromosome or sequence

ofD

NA that determines a particular feature orcharacteristic in an organism.

Gene



The sum total of the genetic

information contained in an organism.

Genotype



A force of attraction

between two masses.

Gravitation



A place in an ecosystem where an

organism normally lives.

Habitat



The amount of time required for half of

an original sample of radioactivematerial to decay or undergoradioactive transformation.

Half-Life



A form of energy resulting fromthe temperature difference

between a system and itssurroundings.

Heat



The amount of heat energy required toconvert a unit mass of substance from a

solid to a liquid through melting at aconstant temperature and pressure.

Heat of Fusion



The amount of heatenergy needed tochange a unit massof substance from aliquid to as gas at itsboiling point.

Heat of Vaporization



FOR REVIEW



An animal that feeds on plants.

Herbivore



Cell or organism that has two differentalleles for a particular trait.

Heterozygous



Cell or organism that has identical

alleles for a particular trait.

Homozygous



It is formed from molten or partly moltenmaterial that cools and hardens.

Igneous Rock



A type of simple

machine; aslanted surfacethat makes iteasier to move amass from alower point to ahigher point.

Inclined Plane



The factor that is changed in anexperiment in order study changes

in the dependent (responding)variable.

Independent/Manipulated Variable



A chemical compound that changescolor depending on the pH of the

solution or other chemical change.

Indicator



Inertia

The property of an object, due to its mass, bywhich it resists any change in its position unlessovercome by force.

I t



The form of an element with thesame number of protons but

a different number of neutrons.

Isotope



Fundamental SI unit of temperaturewhere zero degrees is equal to

absolute zero.

Kelvin



The energypossessed by a

body because ofits motion.

Kinetic Energy



Electromagnetic radiation that lieswithin the visible range.

Light



One of the fundamental states of

matter with a definite volume butno definite shape.

Liquid



The region where magnetic force exists

around magnets or electric currents.

Magnetic Field



M N b



The total protonsand neutronsin a nucleus.

Mass Number



A solid, liquid, or gas that possesses inertiaand is capable of occupying space.

Matter



The process of nuclear division in cells

during which the number ofchromosomes is reduced by half.*sexual reproduction

Meiosis



Forms because of extreme changes

caused by heat, pressure, or chemicalenvironments.

Metamorphic Rock



A thin layer of tissue that

surrounds or lines a cell, a groupof cells, or a cavity; any barrier

separating two fluids.

Membrane



A continuous, seismic mountain range extendingacross the floor of the worlds major oceans; area

where two oceanic plates are moving away from eachother releasing new crustal material.

Mid-Ocean Ridge

New Earth

Older Earth

Mitosis



A process of nuclear division in eukaryoticcells during which the nucleus of a celldivides into two nuclei, each with the samenumber of chromosomes.

Mitosis

M l l



The smallest unit of matter of a substance

that retains all the physical and chemicalproperties of that substance; consistsof a single atom or a group of atoms bondedtogether.

Molecule

M



A vector quantity that is the product of

an objects mass and velocity; thegeneral effect of ongoing motion.

Momentum



Indicates the fraction of the

Moons disc that is illuminated asseen from Earth.

Moon Phase

M t ti



The process by which a geneundergoes a change in DNAsequence or a structural change.

Mutation

N t l S l ti



The theory stating every organism displays slightvariations from other organisms of its kind, and the

struggle for limited natural resources results inindividuals with certain natural variations adaptedto their specific environments. * Charles Darwin

Natural Selection



Periodic rise and fall of sea-level that occurstwice-monthly when the Sun, Moon, and Earth

are at right angles to each other.

Neap Tide



A subatomic particle having zero charge,

found in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

Niche



The unique position (job) of a speciesin terms of the area it inhabits and thefunction it performs within thecommunity.

Niche

N bl R



A substance & or material that canonly be replenished over millions ofyears; cannot be reused (i.e., fossil fuels).

Nonrenewable Resource

Nuclear Fission



The process by which an atomic nucleussplits into two or more large fragments,

producing vast amounts of energy andadditional neutrons.

Nuclear Fission

Nuclear Fusion



The process by which two lighter atomicnuclei combine at extremely high

temperatures to release vast amounts ofenergy and form a heavier nucleus.

Nuclear Fusion

N l



A cell structure that contains the cells

genetic material; also the center regionof an atom where protons and neutronsare located.

Nucleus

Permeability



The capability of a porous substance ormembrane to allow a fluid or gas to enter it;the measure of degree to which a substance

can be penetrated by a liquid or gas.

*(semi-permeable, non-permeable.

Permeability

Organ



A structure containing different tissues that

are organized to carry out a specific functionof the body.

Organ

H



A symbol for the measure of the acidity(acid) or alkalinity (base) of a solution.

pH

Phenotype



The physical characteristic

of an organism resultingfrom the interaction of itsgenetic makeup and itsenvironment.

Phenotype

Photosynthesis



A chemical process by which plants trap lightenergy to convert carbon dioxide and waterinto carbohydrates (sugars)

Photosynthesis



A reaction; a change in matter

from one form to another,without forming new substances.

Physical Change

Planet



A large body in space that orbits a starand does not produce light of its own.

Planet

Terrestrial

Planets

Plate Tectonics



Theory in which Earths crust is divided into

sections whose movements cause seismicactivity (i.e., earthquakes, volcanoes) alongtheir borders.

Plate Tectonics

Pollution



Any alternation of the natural

environment producing a conditionharmful to living organisms; may occurnaturally or as a result of humanactivities.

Pollution

Population



A group of organisms of the same speciesliving in a specific geographical area.

Population



Precision



The degree of accuracy or exactness ofa measurement or tool.

Precision

Predator



An organism that preys on and eatsanimals; usually an animal.

Predator

Pressure



The force exerted per unit area.

Pressure

Barometer

Prey



An organism caught or hunted forfood by another organism.

Prey

Prism



A piece of glassthat disperses abeam of white

light into itscomponentcolors.

Prism

P d



An organism that makes its own food fromthe environment (by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis).

*Autotrophs

Producer

Product



A substance or compound

resulting from a chemical reaction.

Product

Product

Protein



A biological macromolecule composed

of one or more chains of amino acids.* produced by ribosomes

Protein

Protist



Unicellularorganismsbelonging tothe KingdomProtista.

Protist

Proton



A subatomic particle having apositive charge and which is

found in the nucleus of an atom.

Proton

Pulley



A type of simple machine; circular

lever used to change thedirection of a force.

Pulley

P tt S



A graphic check board used todetermine results from a particular

genetic cross.

Punnett Square

XX= Girl

Xy= Boy

Radiation



Emission of energy in the form of

rays or waves.

Radiation

Reactant



Any substance or molecule thatparticipates in a chemical reaction.

Reactant

Recessive



An allele for a trait that will be maskedunless the organism is homozygous for

this trait.

Recessive

Reflection



The bouncing off of light, sound,

or heat from a surface.

Reflection

Refraction



A change in the direction of a

wave that occurs as it passesfrom one medium to another ofdifferent density.

Refraction

Renewable Resource



A material or substance that is replaced orrestored, as it is used, by natural processes

in a reasonable amount of time.

Renewable Resource

RNA



A single-stranded nuclei acid thatencodes information needed to

synthesize proteins.

RNA

Scientific Method



A plan of inquiry

that uses scienceprocess skills astools togather, organize,

analyze, andcommunicateinformation.

Second Law ofTh d i



States all natural processes proceed towards disorder.

Thermodynamics

Sedimentary Rock



Formed from layers of sediment that overlayand squeeze together or are chemicallycombined.

Sedimentary Rock

Sexual Reproduction



Involves the union of gametesproducing an offspring with traits from

both parents.

Sexual Reproduction

Solar System



A star and all planets and otherbodies that orbit it; the region inspace where these bodies move.

Solar System

Solid



Having a definite shape and a definite volume; one ofthe fundamental states of matter.

Solid

Solubility



The ability ortendency of onesubstance todissolve inanother at a giventemperature andpressure.

y

Solution



A mixture of two or more substancesuniformly dispersed throughout a

single phase.

Solution

Species



A group of organisms

that are able toreproduce amongthemselves and

produce fertileoffspring.

Species

Speed



Amount of distance traveled divided bytime taken; the time rate at which any

physical process takes place.

p

S

Spring Tide



Increased range of the rise and fall ofsea level that occurs twice monthly atwhen the Earth, moon and sun arealigned.

Spring Tide

Star



A large, self-luminous body heldtogether by gravity and powered bythermonuclear reactions.

Star

Stimulus



A condition that produces a response.

Succession



The progressive replacement, on asingle site, of one type of

community by another.

Succession

Lichen

Thermal Energy



Thermal Energy

Is the kinetic energy of themovement of atoms and

molecules creating heat.

Topography



The surface, shape, andcomposition of a land area.

Tropism



The motion of an organism or part of anorganism toward or away from anexternal stimulus.

* phototropism

Tropism

Trough



the lowest point on a wave.

Trough

Variable



An event, condition, or factor that canbe changed or controlled in order to

study or test a hypothesis in ascientific experiment* only one

Velocity



The time rate at which a bodychanges its position vector;

quantity whose magnitude isexpressed in units of distanceover time.

V

Water Cycle



The path it takes as it is being cycled throughthe environment, including condensation,

evaporation, and precipitation.

Wave Length



The distance between crests of a wave.

____ ? ___

Weathering



The naturalprocesses thatbreak down andchange rock into

soil, sand, andother materials.

g

Set: FCAT Science Grade 11 Vocab



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FCAT Science Vocabulary Baseball Rules Directions: 1. Divide the class into 2 equal teams. 2 Make a baseball diamond on the board along with an area to indicate outs and



2. Make a baseball diamond on the board along with an area to indicate outs and runs scored. Also, a laminated baseball field can be ordered from the Teachers Discovery Science Catalog. 3. The teacher will ask one student at a time if they want a single, double, triple or home run. That student is up to bat. 4. A single means that the student will be able to define one vocabulary word correctly, a double would be two in a row, a triple, 3 in a row, and a home run would be four in a row. 5. If a student answers incorrectly, it will count as one out and then go on to the next student. If a student has decided to go for a double, triple, or home run, if at any time they answer a question incorrectly, they are out. 6. No one can help a student who is up to bat. If another student calls out an answer, it is an out for their team and that student is then given a book assignment and is out of the game. 7. If a student successfully answers the question/questions asked, mark a runner on the appropriate base. 8. The real rules of baseball are used to move runners and score runs. 9. Once a team has accumulated 3 outs, it is now the other teams turn. 10. Be sure that each team has been given the same number of times up to bat. 11. The team that has scored the most runs at the end of the game is the winner. 12. This game is best played the last 30 minutes of class. 13. If a student successfully completes a home run, I give that person an extra credit point and a jolly rancher candy.

14 The team that wins I give each team member a jolly rancher candy and/or an extra

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