fcat questions

SCIE

NCE

Student Name

Science Sunshine State Standards

Test Book Released: Fall 2007Last Used: March 2007

GRADE

8

47692-01

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FCAT_SCIENCE_TB_07_G8_Released

Every effort has been made to trace the ownership of all copyrighted material and to secure the necessary permissions to reprint selections. In the event of any question arising as to the use of any material, the publisher expresses regrets for any inadvertent error and will make the necessary correction(s) in future printings.

Copyright Statement for This Assessment and School Performance Publication

Authorization for reproduction of this document is hereby granted to persons acting in an official capacity within the Uniform System of Public K–12 Schools as defined in Section 1000.01(4), Florida Statutes. The copyright notice at the bottom of this page must be included in all copies.

All trademarks and trade names found in this publication are the property of their respective owners and are not associated with the publishers of this publication.

Permission is NOT granted for distribution or reproduction outside of the Uniform System of Public K–12 Schools or for commercial distribution of the copyrighted materials without written authorization from the Florida Department of Education. Questions regarding use of these copyrighted materials should be sent to the following:

The AdministratorAssessment and School Performance

Florida Department of EducationTallahassee, Florida 32399-0400

Copyright © 2007State of Florida

Department of State

FCAT 2007 Science Released Test © 2007 Florida Department of Education

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FCAT Science

Read and answer the questions in this Test Book.

This symbol appears next to questions that require short written answers. Use about 5 minutes to answer these questions.

A complete and correct answer to each of these questions is worth 2 points. A partially correct answer is worth 1 point.

This symbol appears next to questions that require longer written answers. Use about 10 to 15 minutes to answer these questions.

A complete and correct answer to each of these questions is worth 4 points. A partially correct answer is worth 1, 2, or 3 points.

This symbol appears next to questions that require you to fill in your answer on a grid in your Test Book. Answers may be gridded using several correct formats. You MUST fill in the bubbles accurately to receive credit for your answer.

INQUIRE EXPLAIN

READ

INQUIRE EXPLAIN

READ


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Directions for Completing the Response Grids

1. Work the problem and find an answer.

2. Write your answer in the answer boxes at the top of the grid.

• Print your answer with the first digit in the left answer box OR with the last digit in the right answer box.

• Print only one digit or symbol in each answer box. Do NOT leave a blank answer box in the middle of an answer.

• Be sure to write a decimal point or fraction bar in the answer box if it is a part of the answer.

3. Fill in a bubble under each box in which you wrote your answer.

• Fill in one and ONLY one bubble for each answer box. Do NOT fill in a bubble under an unused answer box.

• Fill in each bubble by making a solid black mark that completely fills the circle.

• You MUST fill in the bubbles accurately to receive credit for your answer.

Parts of a Response Grid For Grade 8, response grids have the following parts:

answer boxes

fraction bar decimal point

number bubbles


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Calculator Instructions This is a picture of a generic calculator and its parts.

•

–

GENERIC MODEL

0 = + 1 2 3

% 4 5 6

–

7 8 9

✕

MRC

CE

M + M –

÷+

ON/C OFF

–

•

Solar Cell

Memory Indication

Display Negative Sign

Error Indication

Memory Keys

On/Clear Off

Sign Change Division

Percent Multiplication

Square Root Subtraction

Clear Entry Addition

Equal Sign

Decimal Point

HELPFUL HINTS FOR TAKING THE FCAT SCIENCE TEST

1. Read the problem very carefully. Then decide whether or not you need the calculator to help you solve the problem.

2. When starting a new problem, always clear your calculator by pressing the clear key.

3. If you see an E in the display, clear the error before you begin.

4. If you see an M in the display, clear the memory and the calculator before you begin.

5. If the number in the display is not one of the answer choices, check your work. Remember that when computing with certain types of fractions, you may have to round the number in the display.

6. Remember, your calculator will NOT automatically perform the algebraic order of operations.

7. Calculators might display an incorrect answer if you press the keys too quickly. When working with calculators, use careful and deliberate keystrokes, and always remember to check your answer to make sure that it is reasonable.

8. The negative sign may appear either to the left or to the right of the number.

9. Always check your answer to make sure that you have completed all of the necessary steps.


Fold and

Tear Carefully A

long Dotted

Line.

Grade 8 FCAT Science Reference Sheet

Equations

Acceleration (a)

Average speed (v)

Density (D)

Percent Efficiency (e)

=

=

=

=

change in velocity (m/s) time taken for this change (s)

distance time

mass (g) Volume (cm3)

Work out (J) Work in (J)

× 100

a vf – vi

tf – ti =

v d t =

D = m V

=%e Wout

Win

× 100

Force (F) = mass (kg) × acceleration (m/s2) F = ma

Frequency (f) = number of events (waves) f = n of events time (s) t

Momentum (p) = mass (kg) × velocity (m/s) p = mv

Wavelength (λ) = velocity (m/s) frequency (Hz) λ =

v f

Work (W) = Force (N) × distance (m) W = Fd

Units of Measure m = meter g = gram s = second cm = centimeter kg = kilogram Hz = hertz (waves per second)

J = joule (newton-meter) N = newton (kilogram-meter per second squared)

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Fold and Tear Carefully Along Dotted Line.

Per

iod

Periodic Table of the Elements

(based on 126C = 12.0000)

RepresentativeGroup Elements

1 18

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

58

CeCerium140.12

90

ThThorium232.038

60

NdNeodymium

144.2492

UUranium238.029

61

PmPromethium

144.91393

NpNeptunium

237.048

62

SmSamarium

150.3694

PuPlutonium

244.064

63

EuEuropium

151.9695

AmAmericium

243.061

64

GdGadolinium

157.2596

CmCurium247.070

65

TbTerbium158.925

97

BkBerkelium

247.070

66

DyDysprosium

162.5098

CfCalifornium

251.080

67

HoHolmium164.930

99

EsEinsteinium

252.083

68

ErErbium167.26100

FmFermium257.095

69

TmThulium168.934

101

MdMendelevium

258.099

70

YbYtterbium

173.04102

NoNobelium

259.101

71

LuLutetium174.967

103

LrLawrencium

260.105

59

PrPraseodymium

140.908

91

PaProtactinium

231.036

1

HHydrogen

1.008

11

NaSodium22.990

19

KPotassium

39.098

37

RbRubidium

85.468

55

CsCesium132.905

87

FrFrancium

223

3

LiLithium6.941

12

MgMagnesium

24.305

20

CaCalcium40.078

38

SrStrontium

87.62

56

BaBarium137.327

88

RaRadium226.025

57

LaLanthanum

138.905

89

AcActinium227.028

104

RfRutherfordium

(261)

105

DbDubnium

(262)

106

SgSeaborgium

(263)

107

BhBohrium

(264)

108

HsHassium

(265)

109

MtMeitnerium

(268)

22

TiTitanium

47.88

40

ZrZirconium

91.224

72

HfHafnium178.49

23

VVanadium

50.942

41

NbNiobium92.906

73

TaTantalum180.948

24

CrChromium

51.996

42

MoMolybdenum

95.94

74

WTungsten

183.85

25

MnManganese

54.938

43

TcTechnetium

98

75

ReRhenium186.207

26

FeIron

55.847

44

RuRuthenium

101.07

76

OsOsmium

190.2

27

CoCobalt58.933

45

RhRhodium102.906

77

IrIridium192.22

28

NiNickel58.693

46

PdPalladium

106.42

78

PtPlatinum

195.08

29

CuCopper63.546

47

AgSilver

107.868

79

AuGold

196.967

30

ZnZinc65.39

48

CdCadmium112.411

80

HgMercury200.59

31

GaGallium69.723

49

InIndium114.82

13

AlAluminum

26.982

5

BBoron10.81

81

TlThallium204.383

32

GeGermanium

72.61

50

SnTin

118.710

14

SiSilicon28.086

6

CCarbon12.011

82

PbLead207.2

33

AsArsenic74.922

51

SbAntimony121.757

15

PPhosphorus

30.974

7

NNitrogen14.007

83

BiBismuth208.980

34

SeSelenium

78.96

52

TeTellurium

127.60

16

SSulfur32.06

8

OOxygen15.999

84

PoPolonium208.982

35

BrBromine79.904

53

IIodine

126.905

17

ClChlorine35.453

9

FFluorine18.998

85

AtAstatine

210

36

KrKrypton

83.80

54

XeXenon131.29

18

ArArgon39.948

10

NeNeon

20.180

2

HeHelium4.003

86

RnRadon

222

21

ScScandium

44.956

39

YYttrium88.906

4

BeBeryllium

9.012

1A

2A

2

33B 4B

4

Lanthanide series

5B5

6B6

7B7 8 9 10

1B11 12

2B

3A13

4A14

5A15

6A16

7A17

8A

8B

Metals Nonmetals

Inner Transition Metals

Transition Metals

14

SiSilicon28.086

Atomic number

SymbolNameAverage Atomic Mass

Actinide series

Right


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FCAT Science

This test measures how well students are achieving the benchmarks in Florida’s Sunshine State Standards.

FCAT Science Released Test Book

Use the space in the Test Book to do your work. Then mark your Test Book for the answer you have chosen. If you change your answer, be sure to erase completely.

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● 1 Artifacts from a Seminole tribe include a carved stone that was used as an ax head. The description of this artifact explains that an ax head could have taken many hours to make. Why does it take less time to make an ax head today than it did in ancient times?

A. Axes are now made out of steel instead of rock.

B. The size and design of the ax heads have changed.

C. Machines can be used in the manufacturing process. �

D. There are more people today to work in the manufacturing process.

08SCD131M0331 3100713 08SCD131M0331.eps

●2 Flooding causes some of the soil erosion in the Florida Everglades. A cross section of ecosystems in the Florida Everglades is shown below.

Everglades Ecosystems

Marine/Estuary Coastal Prairie Cypress Hammock

Sea Level

Which of the following ecosystems experiences the least amount of flooding and soil erosion?

F. marine/estuary

G. coastal prairie

H. cypress

I. hammock �

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●3 A paleontologist is interested in the size and shape of a recently discovered bone. She thinks that it may have come from a previously unknown species of dinosaur. A microbiologist has isolated a type of bacterium that he thinks may be responsible for a new disease. What is the next best step that the scientists should take?

A. assume that their ideas are correct

B. draw conclusions about their discoveries

C. design investigations to test their theories

D. try to convince others to accept their ideas

●4 Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) was a Danish astronomer who observed the planets and stars without the benefit of a telescope. He kept records of planetary motion. His assistant, Johannes Kepler, used these records to formulate his three laws, which accurately predicted planetary motion. What does this suggest is the most important aspect of scientific study?

F. control over the variables of interest

G. access to modern equipment and research methods

H. ability to make observations and accurately record data

I. sufficient time to conduct a study and the amount of data recorded

●5 For thousands of years, astronomers believed that all the objects in the night sky that had produced their own light were individual stars. Since the invention of the modern telescope, we have been able to examine those sources of light and have discovered that many of them are not individual stars. Which sources of light have been found to be collections of billions of stars and not individual stars?

A. comets

B. constellations

C. galaxies

D. meteors


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●6 Using a string, a ball, and a hollow tube for a handle, LaTanya makes the model shown below. Holding the handle’s center, she swings the ball in a circle to show how a planet orbits a star. She knows that the orbit of a planet depends upon the gravitational pull of the star.

Ball String

Hollow tube

Which model component illustrates the effect of gravity?

F. the ball

G. the string

H. the handle

I. the rotation direction


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●7 Melissa wants to help her friend lift a box using a board and a rock.

Point A

Point B

Fulcrum Point C Point D

Where should Melissa position the fulcrum in order to minimize the amount of force needed to lift the box?

A. Point A

B. Point B

C. Point C

D. Point D �

●8 The human body has three different kinds of muscle cells. Striated (skeletal) muscle cells move such structures as the arms and legs. Cardiac muscle cells move blood into and out of the heart. Smooth muscle cells move food through the digestive system. While each of the muscle cells performs a different job, they function in a similar way. What makes muscle cells different from other cells in the body?

F. Muscle cells can hold more blood than other cells.

G. Muscle cells can divide and reproduce at a faster rate than other cells.

H. Muscle cells can work together to contract and relax while other cells cannot.

I. Muscle cells can move freely to different parts of the body while other cells cannot.

●9 Sexual reproduction for some fish occurs when the female fish lays eggs and the male fish locates the eggs and fertilizes them. What is an advantage in fertilizing eggs outside the female’s body?

A. Fewer eggs and sperm are needed.

B. Many sperm can fertilize the same egg.

C. Many of the eggs can be fertilized at the same time.

D. The fertilized eggs can produce offspring identical to one parent.


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● 10

INQUIRE EXPLAIN

READ

Water hyacinth is a weed that forms a thick mat of leaves on the surface of water. How would water hyacinth affect the growth of other plants below the water’s surface? Explain your answer.


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LAG06

3130432.AR1

3130430.AR1


For questions 11, 12, and 13, refer to the following passage and illustrations.

The Indian River Lagoon An estuary is a body of water in which fresh water draining from the land mixes

with salt water from the ocean. The result of this mixture is an environment with abundant plant and animal life. The Indian River Lagoon is a 156-mile-long estuary on Florida’s eastern coast. It is a diverse estuary, supporting thousands of species of plants and animals.

The food web and food pyramid shown below are examples of the relationships that exist in the Indian River Lagoon ecosystem.

Egret

Flounder

Clam worm

Phytoplankton

Food Pyramid not to scale

Food Web

Egret Heron

Flounder

Crab

Phytoplankton Seaweed

Clam worm

Insects Sea grass


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08SCG134M0677 3130430

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● 11 Which of the following has the largest population in the Indian River Lagoon ecosystem?

F. crab

G. egret

H. flounder

I. phytoplankton �

● 12 In the Indian River Lagoon ecosystem, many organisms compete with one another for food sources. Which organism in the food web competes with egrets for food?

A. clam worm

B. crab

C. flounder

D. heron �

● 13 Which of the following statements most accurately describes the energy transfer between the levels of the food pyramid in the Indian River Lagoon?

F. Energy travels up the pyramid. �

G. Energy stays in the phytoplankton at the lowest level.

H. Energy is released into the environment only at the top level.

I. Energy moves from the flounder to both the clam worms and egret.


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● 14 Fossil fuels are seen by some scientists as a temporary energy source. Which aspect of fossil fuels encourages scientists to find other sources of energy production?

A. It takes a very long time for fossil fuels to form. �

B. The formation of fossil fuels results in pollution.

C. Fossil fuels store energy for a short period of time.

D. Inadequate organic material exists to replace fossil fuels.

● 15 An experiment was conducted in a lab to determine the effects of dioxin, a toxic chemical that causes damage to living organisms. A different concentration of dioxin was added to each of ten tanks that contained identical samples of aquatic plants in water. After a month, observations were recorded, the plants were discarded, and the solution from each tank was poured down the laboratory sink. What is the best way to improve this experiment in order to minimize the effects of dioxin on the environment?

F. use animals rather than plants

G. use a single concentration of dioxin

H. review the results with another scientist

I. discard the materials at a hazardous-waste site �

● 16 Scientists once thought there was no life on the deep-sea floor due to the lack of sunlight. However, in the 1970s, complete ecosystems were discovered on the deep-sea floor that depend on energy from chemical reactions rather than energy from sunlight. Which conclusion can be drawn from this discovery?

A. Organisms are able to survive under any conditions.

B. Observations will always lead to the discovery of new organisms.

C. Organisms may be discovered in remote areas and extreme conditions. �

D. Observations collected on existing organisms can apply to any organism.


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08SCB131M1053 3168049

● 17 An oscilloscope is an instrument that can be used to display the properties of waves. Melanie studies four pictures of waves from an oscilloscope.

I II III IV

Waves

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Which picture shows waves with the shortest wavelength?

F. I

G. II

H. III �

I. IV

● 18 Quinn has a container for making frozen juice bars. He pours juice into the container and then puts the container into the freezer for 12 hours. What happens to the juice molecules in the container during these 12 hours?

A. They lose kinetic energy. �

B. They lose chemical energy.

C. They gain electrical energy.

D. They gain gravitational energy.


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08SCD134M1404 3216612

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● 19 Many places, like the Grand Canyon, are the result of a combination of processes that continue to shape Earth, like the water cycle and the rock cycle.

Grand Canyon

How does the water cycle influence the rock cycle in an area like the Grand Canyon?

F. Large amounts of flowing water increase the rate of weathering and erosion. �

G. Too much rain soaking into the ground slows the rate of new rock formation.

H. Sudden evaporation of water removes moisture from rock layers in the canyon walls.

I. Decreased rainfall makes the rocks hard and brittle, so that they crumble into pebbles.

● 20 The Humboldt Redwoods State Park in California is a forest of giant coastal redwood trees that can live 2,200 years and grow to be over 110 meters (m) tall. When such a large tree falls in the forest, it can take up to 400 years to decay. How does the decaying of a fallen redwood contribute to the health of the forest?

A. It repels earthworms and insects.

B. It provides nutrients to other organisms. �

C. It shelters young plants from the sunlight.

D. It allows depleted soil to be washed away.


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08SCB131E0257 3281934 08SCB131E0257.eps


Use this information to respond to the question on the following page.

● 21

INQUIRE EXPLAIN

READ

Eddie hits a golf ball from the tee into the cup. At point A, the ball is stationary on the tee. At point B, the ball is at its highest point in the air. At point C, the ball is rolling on the ground. At point D, the ball is stopped in the cup. The diagram below shows the path the ball traveled from the tee to the cup.

Tee

A

B

C D

Flight of a Golf Ball

Cup


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Explain the changes in potential and kinetic energy as the golf ball leaves the tee, A, moves through the air, B, falls to the ground, C, and rolls into the cup, D.


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● 22 During a thunderstorm, an observer can see lightning before hearing its thunder. Why do we see lightning before we hear thunder?

F. Sound travels slower than light. �

G. Sound needs a medium to travel through.

H. Sound cannot reflect off surfaces as easily as light.

I. Sound is not processed by the brain as fast as light.

● 23 Carol and Deborah are looking at stars on a dark night and notice that two stars next to each other are equally bright, but one is red and one is orange. Which of the following best explains why the stars are different colors?

A. The stars are in different galaxies.

B. The stars are different distances away.

C. The stars are at different stages in their life cycles. �

D. The stars have different numbers of planets orbiting them.

● 24 Although the planets in our solar system have unique features, they also have similarities. Which of the following characteristics is most similar among the planets in our solar system?

F. mass

G. shape of orbit �

H. number of satellites

I. chemical composition


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● 25 Michael studied the effects of temperature and pressure on the expansion rate of gases. When publishing the results of the experiment for others to study, which of the following would be most important for Michael to include?

A. detailed steps in the procedures used �

B. cost of the materials used in the study

C. acknowledgement of family members

D. name of the building where the experiments were performed

● 26 Before constructing a new power plant, the builders are required to prepare an environmental impact statement. This document describes the effect that the construction and operation of the power plant will have on the nearby area. Why is it important to prepare an environmental impact statement before building the power plant?

F. The statement will outline the safety procedures for workers.

G. The statement helps the community protect its natural resources. �

H. A written statement can be more easily converted into a news article.

I. The statement will assist the community in planning for new housing developments around the power plant.


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● 27

INQUIRE EXPLAIN

READ

Brooke designs an experiment to determine if temperature has an effect on the amount of sugar that can be dissolved in a glass of tea. Her materials for conducting her experiment include beakers, tea bags, sugar, water, and stirring rods. She knows that some variables need to stay the same during the experiment.

Identify three variables Brooke should keep constant in her experiment. Explain why she should keep these variables constant.


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●28 Gail’s cross-country coach advised her to eat well-balanced meals in order to have plenty of energy for their upcoming track meet. To which transformation of energy is Gail’s coach referring?

A. heat energy to mechanical energy

B. mechanical energy to electrical energy

C. chemical energy to mechanical energy

D. thermodynamic energy to dynamic energy


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● 29 A test tube is placed into containers of water with different temperatures. The water plug in the glass tubing will move up as the temperature increases.

° ° °

Glass tubing (30 cm long)

Water plug (1 cm long)

One-hole stopper

Test tube with air in it

20 C 40 C 60 C

cm = centimeters

°C = degrees Celsius

Experiment Setup

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Which statement explains why the water plug in the glass tubing moves upward as temperature in the test tube increases?

F. The water plug becomes more dense.

G. The air pressure decreases in the test tube.

H. The capillary action moves the water plug.

I. The air molecules in the test tube increase in energy. �


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● 30 Planarians are freshwater organisms that can regenerate. Sonia had three petri dishes of planarians. In the same room, the first petri dish was inside a cabinet, the second petri dish was sitting on her desk, and the third petri dish was partially covered by a book. After one hour, she noted the distribution of the planarians in each petri dish. Which was the independent variable in her experiment?

A. color

B. light �

C. movement

D. temperature

● 31 A species of chicken has alleles for black (B) or white (W) feathers. Neither of these genes is dominant. Mating between a black (BB) chicken and a white (WW) chicken produces all gray (BW) offspring. If two of the gray offspring mate, what percent of their offspring can be expected to have black feathers?

F. 25% �

G. 50%

H. 75%

I. 100%


08SCG232M0895 3147443 3147443.AR1

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●32

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Collared doves have a black half-collar, dark feathers, and a long, white-edged tail. Until 1953, the collared dove had never been seen in the United Kingdom. The graph below shows the population growth of the collared dove after it first arrived in the United Kingdom.

POPULATION GROWTH CURVE

100,000 X

10,000

1,000

100

10

Collared Dove Year

1955 1960 1965 1970

Nu

mb

er o

f C

olla

red

Dov

es

Which of the following best explains why the curve flattens out at the X mark?

A. Predators could not catch the doves.

B. Food in the environment was limited.

C. Severe winters destroyed nesting sites.

D. The doves were able to find many mates.


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08SCC131G8324-A 3472553 08SCC131G8324.ART

● 33 Two cars accelerate at a rate of 3 meters per second squared (m/s2). The mass of each car, in kilograms (kg), is shown in the chart below.

Car Mass

(in kg)

A 1250

B 2000

How many more newtons (N) of force (kg � m/s2) are needed to accelerate the car with the larger mass?

/ / / . . . . . 0

1

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

6

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9



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●3408SCB136G0149 3100315

Thomas and Kelsey are using a jump rope to model a typical wave. The wave they produce has a frequency of 4.2 hertz (Hz), an amplitude of 2.5 meters (m), and a wavelength of 5 m. What is the velocity, in meters per second (m/s), of this wave?

/ / / . . . . . 0

1

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

6

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9



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●35 The graph below shows the relationship of the mass in grams (g) of three liquids at the same temperature and with the same volume.

A

Mas

s (g

) 20

15

30

25

10

5

0

B C

LIQUID PROPERTIES

Liquid Substances

Which conclusion about density can be drawn from this graph?

F. Density is not always related to mass and volume.

G. Substances of different volumes have the same density.

H. It is less difficult to measure the density of liquids than of solids.

I. Equal volumes of different substances may have different densities.


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● 36

●

Amanda placed a small television on a metal rolling cart. On her way to the library, her friend Carlos stepped in front of the cart. Although Amanda stopped suddenly, the television stayed in place on the cart. What kept the television on the cart when she stopped suddenly?

A. friction �

B. magnetism

C. air pressure

D. buoyant force

37 Einstein and Galileo each made many important discoveries in science that changedthe scientific world. What do their discoveries suggest about the process of scientific study?

F. Some branches of science are hard to study without equipment.

G. Lack of sophisticated equipment is a limiting factor for researchers.

H. It is easier to make major discoveries when scientists have less equipment.

I. Some discoveries are possible without the use of sophisticated equipment. �


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Use this information to respond to the question on the following page.

● 38

INQUIRE EXPLAIN

READ

Hipparchus, an astronomer in ancient Greece, proposed an Earth-centered model of the solar system. In this model, the Sun, Earth’s moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn not only traveled around Earth, but also traveled in small circles called “epicycles.” A simplified illustration of Hipparchus’s solar system is shown below.

Mercury

Venus

Sun

Earth

not to scale


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Explain how our current understanding of the solar system differs from Hipparchus’s Earth-centered solar system.


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● 39 As Ann stood at the top of a mountain, she wondered about the time involved in forming a mountain. Which of the following processes takes approximately the same amount of time as mountain formation?

A. rising and falling of tides

B. cycling of nutrients in nature

C. creating a new mid-ocean ridge �

D. gathering of clouds for a thunderstorm

● 40 A population of mice, some with light-colored fur and some with dark-colored fur, is introduced into a field with dark soil. A few generations later, the majority of the mice have dark-colored fur. Which of the following best explains this change?

F. Light-colored mice can run faster.

G. Dark-colored mice have fewer offspring.

H. Light-colored mice have changed color over generations.

I. Dark-colored mice are better able to hide from their predators. �

● 41 Some diseases in humans are caused by genetic mutations. The mutated genes can then be passed from parent to child. Where does the replication of these mutated genes occur in the human cell?

A. nucleus �

B. ribosome

C. cell membrane

D. endoplasmic reticulum


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● 42 The skeletal and muscular systems work together to enable the body to move. What is themain function of the skeletal system in relationship to the muscular system?

F. to provide attachment points for muscles �

G. to assist muscles in growth and development

H. to produce muscle cells inside the bone marrow

I. to produce enzymes that help muscles repair themselves

● 43 The Outer Banks of North Carolina are composed of a string of long, thin islands off the coast. Ocean currents change the shape of the islands by causing erosion of the shorelines. Which of the following would be the most effective method to reduce erosion of the shorelines of the islands?

A. preventing tourists from visiting

B. planting native grasses on beaches �

C. building more houses on the islands

D. removing native animals from the islands


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●44 Shannon lives in an area of New York that frequently has air temperatures below freezing in winter. Windy conditions also occur and are caused by air that originates in Canada and blows across the Great Lakes.

Lake Superior

Lake Michigan

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

Canada

Wisconsin

Michigan New York

Winds

Great Lakes

Which of the following will occur with low winter temperatures as the air mass moves from Canada to New York?

F. The northern air mass will mix with water vapor to form rain.

G. The air mass will collide with water vapor, decreasing humidity.

H. Water vapor will be removed from the air as it passes over the lake.

I. Moisture collected from the lake may be released as snow over the cold land. �


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●45 Janelle hikes along the beach every morning at the same time. Throughout the month, she notices the shoreline follows a pattern of receding and advancing. What causes the shoreline to follow this pattern?

A. tides �

B. water cycle

C. chemical weathering

D. erosion and deposition


GRADE

8Science Sunshine State Standards

Test Book Released: Fall 2007 Last Used: March 2007

S E C U R I T Y S TAT E M E N T

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Assessment and School PerformanceFlorida Department of Education

Tallahassee, Florida

Copyright © 2007 State of Florida Department of State

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