Rise of New Leadersand Ideas in Europe during the 1930s LIC. LAURA FLORES

ExtremeNationalismDenyIndividual Rights-Supremacy ofTheStateIncreasing influence of newpolitical parties that emphasizestate control - For example:Communism,Nazism, FascismTotal Control of State by a Dictator TOTALITARIANISM

What is it?

Describe its characteristics

Totalitarianism

Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural)

Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)

Strict controls and laws

Military state (secret police, army, military)

Censorship (to examine printed materials to ban or delete information)

Propaganda(media radio, newspapers, posters)

One leader (dictator); charismatic

Authoritarian (requiring absolute loyalty and obedience to the state

Terror and Fear

Totalitarianism *These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism,are completely different theories that are opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour Totalitarianism Nazism Fascism Communism Communism

I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953.

What is Communism?

revolutionary idea of a political,economic and social system thatcreates a classless society

state ownership and control of themeans of production (no privateownership)

Soviet Communism or Stalinism,was more of a totalitarian andmilitary state combined withelements of communism

Fascism

I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943. First

European fascist dictator of Italy

What is Fascism?

intense nationalism and elitism

totalitarian control

interests of the state more important than individual rights

maintain class system and private ownership

Ideas of Mussolini

Mussolini argued that citizens wereempowered when they were subordinated to the state.By blindly obeying the state, they helped the state thrive, which benefited them.

To Mussolini, this distinguished the fascist state from repressive authoritarian governments, which sought to crush people, & not empower them.

Nazism

I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945.

What is Nazism? German fascism

extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian

based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party

belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the master race

belief that all Germans should have lebensraum or living space in Europe

Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germanys problems on them

Adolph Hitler

Hitler considered himself superior, eventhough he was a drifter & failed artist during his youth.

A corporal during WWI, he was devastated by Germanys loss & blamed it on the Jews.

He started his political career at age 30, joining the German Workers Party.He had exceptional speaking skills & came to be revered by others in the party.He was chosen its leader in 1921, and renamed it the National Socialist German Workers Party.

Nazism

Fascism taken to

its extreme form.

Racist and anti-Semitic

elements that did not

appear in Italian fascism.

Nazi Controls Anti-semitism: Hostility anddiscrimination against the jewsTerritorial integrity: Territorial domain of a StateArmed Aggression: Military invasion, a War of conquest

GESTAPO :the Secret State Police

SS (Schutzstaffel):Defense Corps black shirts, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA

SA (Sturmabteilung):Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties

Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east

Wehrmacht:German army

Einstazgruppen:Nazi Death Squad; mobile killingunits

Nazi Military State M EIN KAMPF : Book written by Hitler, set his ideas and goals:Germans were a master race, that jews , latins, black people, gypsies, Homosexuals, were inferior and should be destroyedLEBENSRAUM: living space for GermansVERSAILLES TREATY : should be destroyed Mein Kampf(1924)

The title meansMy Struggle , and it expounds on Hitlers antiSemitism, worship of power, scorn for morality, and plan for world domination. Hitler wrote it in prison after a failed attempt to overthrow the German government

ENABLING ACT: Act thatGave Hitler AbsolutePowerin Germany for fourYears- This Nazi propaganda poster reads, Behind the enemy powers: the Jew. Nuremberg Laws : Deprived jews of german citizenship and rights The Eternal JewPosters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community. Kristallnocht:The beginning of the nazi persecution of jews kristallnacht

KristallnachtNovember 9, 1938Night of Broken GlassJewish shops, synagogues, homes violently attackedafter a Jewish teenager from Germany shot a German diplomat in Parisbeginning of mass emigration of Jews and the forced removal to Jewish ghettos