Getting Down and Dirty on the dairy farm with

Emma & Jet

http://www.slideshare.net/LandLearnNSW/

Emma and Jet

• My name is Emma I am 16. As part of my HSC I am doing a dairy traineeship at Clover Hill Dairies

• My name is Jet. I am also doing a dairy traineeship with Alan and Leesa Swan at Hillview Dairy

Hi I’m

Emma

Hi I’m Jet

Update on farm yard happenings

• Tanika joins the team

• The Silkies have babies

Recently Jet’s sister Tanika started to do some morning

milkings.

And our home grown fertiliser team are now

proud parents of 8 mini fertiliser producers

Aren't they just adorable

There was one little guy who mum and dad discarded.

So we took him inside , gave him a blow dry to warm him up, put him under a light ,

treated him like royalty and a week later he is bigger than all his brothers and sisters - Aah

the gift of life such a good feeling

What are Emma and Jet going to

talk about today? Today we are going to

tell the farm to factory story starting with

harvesting the milk on farm and its journey to your breakfast cereal

bowl .

Farm to Factory

In 2002 we built our new dairy .

This is our dairy plan

Our new dairy has 28 machines. It is very

energy efficient and one person can do the

milking by themselves.It’s a lot more fun when

two people work together.

Cow Comfort

In our dairy not only do

the cows have plenty

of shade they also

have a 360 degree view

of the ocean.

Our dairy is designed to

make the most of natural

renewable energy to reduce the need for non

renewable energy

like electricity.

Waiting patiently

The dairy is bright and airy and we

enjoy being milked. Here is Emma

putting cups on some of my friends.

Watch the Cows Get Milked at Clover Hill Dairies on YouTube

Click on the photo to go to the link

The farmer stands in the pit in the centre so the cows udder is at shoulder height and he/she does not have to bend over to

work.There is one row of cows each side of the pit with the cow’s udder closest to the pit. The

cows on each side walk in as a group, they are all milked together and then leave

together so the next group can move in.

It takes ten minutes to milk a cow

How many cows? How Much milk?

What do the cows eat?

• Currently we are milking 210 cows and send 2.5 million litres to our milk processor each year

• Our cows eat about 26kg of Dry Matter ( feed with the water taken out) per day – 60% is grass – 40% is fed to the cows in the dairy

• In the dairy we fed mainly wheat and corn and pellets• The pellets contain lots of things including

different types of grains and vitamins and minerals

Don’t mind a bit of grain myself

Why do we feed in the dairy

• Feeding in the dairy helps encourage the cows to come into to be milked.

• Feeding in the dairy also means each cow will produce more milk.

• Feeding high energy concentrates (pellets feed and grain) also reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions. This is because high producing cows produce less methane per unit of production.

http://www.greenhouse.unimelb.edu.au/

This is the outside of our dairyCan you see all the silos that hold the

feed for us to eat in the dairy??

The grain is harvested by a machine called a header

Here the header is putting the wheat into a truck to

bring to the farm to store in the silo

Grain augerThis end feeds the grain

out of the truck The auger is attached to the tractor which powers the motor on the auger

which pushes the grain to the top.

The top of the auger sits on

the top of the silo and drops the grain in.

The motor on the auger is

driven by the PTO on the

tractor.

So what is a PTO??

• A power take-off (PTO) is a splined driveshaft, usually on a tractor or truck, that can be used to provide power to an attachment or separate machine. It is designed to be easily connected and disconnected. The power take-off allows implements to draw energy from the tractor's engine

Every thing works with motors driven by a computer.

From the silos a mixture of grains is fed into the vertical mixer.

The vertical mixer mixes the feeds together . It holds 3 tonne just enough to feed all of us for one

day. From the vertical mixer the feed

goes to individual feed bins above each cow stall .

Important fact

Food miles and grain feeding in the dairy industry: • The dairy industry only uses grains and cereal by-

products not suitable for human consumption and whilst the grain truck may travel 500km to Clover Hill Dairies we are actually reducing Green House Gas Emissions as we are producing food (milk) close to where it is consumed.

• This is because the milk must leave the farm every day but the grain truck only comes every 8 weeks

Back to the dairy.This is the computer

in the dairy that operates the

automatic feeders.

Before each row of cows comes into be milked the farmer presses the yellow button and this

drops the same amount of feed in for all cows .The red and green buttons allow the farmer to give individual cows extra feed if they are big

milk producers.

Each cow has its own special feed bin and stall. Entry to the stall and feed bin is controlled by

St Christopher Gates. The first cow goes to the top of the row and

pushes n the bar with her chest and this opens the next stall and so on and so. The last bar shuts the gate so no more cows can come in.

So if I am first in the row

I walk to the top stall and push this

bar which opens the next stall for my

friend etc . Clever isn't it and all this

works by hydraulics using water we

recycle .

What type of dairy do we have

• Our dairy is called a Herringbone

• The cows stand side by side at 90 degrees to the person milking

• Which means the milking machines are put on from the back of the cow

• In 45 degree dairies the milking machines are put on from the side – like in this picture

Rotary Dairies In modern robotic

dairies 1 person can milk up to 75 cows at a

time

Robotic Dairies

You can watch the robots milk the cows here:

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBS7JVIZzHY

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHJTTVlt4lY

• http://www.roboticdairy.com/indexframe01.htm

Back to Clover Hill Dairies. We get lots of visitors andevery-one loves to watch.

Our dairy is very people friendly Recently one of

Emma’s teachers came to watch the cows milked and

his wife took

many of the photos you will see.

How does the milk get from the cow to the vat (big refrigerator)

• A hose is connected to the machine that hangs behind each cow

• On the end of each hose are four teat cups

(milking machines)

• The four teat cups are called a cluster

• The cups are put gently on each cow and the machine start milking the cow

Can you see the hosesthat are

connected to the milking

machines?

The cow stands at 90 degrees and Emma

puts the machines on between the cows back

Legs.

Nick is explaining to Tanika on her first

day cows are just like people. Each one is different and has its

own personality.

Its very important each cow is relaxed

and happy so she will give her milk.

Its also important to work quickly

and quietly.

How does the milking machine work

• The milk is sucked out of the udder just the way calves do.

• The machine makes a vacuum by pulling the air out of the teat cup.

• The machines use a pump to make the vacuum • The pump also has to let air into the space

between the teat cup and the lining of the teat cup so it squeezes and relaxes out as the milk is being sucked out.

A computer operated board turns the vacuum on and off

to the cluster of the milking machine .

Can you spot the computer board that operates the automatic take-off.

Michael is explaining to the students from Tullimbar Public School how the vacuum pump

works.

He lets them put a very clean finger in to feel the suction

Every 3 monthswe have the

liners (rubber tubes on the

cluster) replaced by a professional to ensure we have

the correct vacuum.

Cups Off • We have automatic cluster take off in our

dairy.

• This means the cups come off themselves when the flow of milk reduces to a specified level.

OUCH !!!You need to make sure you stand in the middle of the pit when you are

waiting for the cows to finish milking. This is because the machines swing

around when they come off and can hit you in the head which isn't much

fun !!!!!!

http://www.slideshare.net/LandLearnNSW/picasso-cows-2008-mt-terry-ps-1066314

Courtesy of Mt Terry Public School

When the cups come off the farmer

sprays an iodine solution on the cow’s

udder. Special attention is paid to spraying all four teats to prevent

infections.This is what Tanika

is doing.

Cups off and ready to go

First we make sure we have eaten all our

feed . It would be a shame to

leave some behind

We all line up in groups of 14 on each side and we all leave together

If the farmer wants to separate us he activates the drafting gate

And off we go .

Cows drink most of their daily water at the trough at the dairy. So it is very important this trough is always clean . Emma cleans this trough every Saturday morning .

What a life – million $ views

Back to the paddock for the

girls.

Meanwhile back at the dairy

Where does the milk go then….. • From the teat cups the milk goes into a hose and

then into stainless steel pipes which run along the milking shed above the cows

• When the milk leaves the cows udder it is 37 degrees C

• The pipes take the milk to be cooled to 4 degrees C

This is the milk receiver bowlIt collects the

milk and a trip switch operates the pump which pumps the milk

through the steel pipes to the milk

vat

Before the milk is

chilled it goes

through a very big filter to

ensure the milk is

very veryclean

This is the plate cooler. It has a very important job and it must do it as

energy efficiently as possible.

www.cowtime.com.au/technical/QuickNotes/Quicknote%204.6.pdf

What does a plate cooler do?The plate cooler is a simple heat exchanger that captures the heat of warm milk and transfers it to the cold incoming water.There are two distinct benefits:

1. Milk is pre-cooled - by the time is reaches the refrigerated storage tank ( vat)

2. Water that needs heating for varied uses is pre-warmed. Milk leaves a cow’s body at 37 degrees centigrade and must

be cooled quickly to less than 4 degrees. Milk cooling is a significant percentage of a dairy farm’s electricity costs. An in-line plate cooler lowers the milk’s temperature before milk enters the bulk tank to be cooled further. Plate coolers cool milk quickly, which helps lower bacteria counts and is easier on compressors

How does it work

• In-line plate coolers run water and milk in opposite flow channels over a series of metal plates.

• Milk is cooled as its heat is transferred to the cool water on the opposite side of each plate.

• Depending on the system, plate coolers can drop milk temperature by 30 degrees or more. Variables include the temperature of the water, the ratio of water to milk in litres per minute, and how many times the milk passes through the cold water channels.

• In line cooling has been called virtually free cooling because the water used to cool milk can be recycledfor the livestock or barn chores.

The pipes then take the chilled

milk to a big tank called a milk vat which stores the milk between

2.5 to 4 degrees C

Some of the milk is

collected in these milk

drums to feed the calves.

And the big clean up begins

• Firstly everything gets hosed of with a big pressure hose

• The manure in the holding yard is washed down a drain into a solids trap and the effluent ( manure and urine and water ) then goes to a big tank

• From the big tank the effluent is used as fertiliser and is irrigated onto the paddocks

Retain Reuse

Recycle

Retain Recycle reuse

RetainReuse

Recycle

Computerised washing up

• Even the washing up is driven by a computer ( well almost everything)

• All the milking machines and the stainless steel pipes which carry the milk have an acid and then an alkaline wash

• The vat also gets washed every time the milk is picked up by the milk factory. The tanker driver sets the computer in motion

• The factory takes milk samples every time they come to ensure the milk you drink is perfect in every way

Wash up water computer

Milk pipelines

Cleaning the milk machines

The milking machines are put on the milking

machine holders for washing

The detergents

(acids and alkalis )

are then forced up each cup to ensure thorough cleaning

As I said almost

everything is washed

by the computer except all

the buckets

Glad this isn't my

job!

And here comes the milk

tanker

Milk is collected from the farm every 24 or 48 hours. The tankers have a special stainless steel

body which is heavily insulated to keep the milk cold during transportation to the

processing factory.

Milk storage vats or silos are refrigerated and come in various shapes and sizes. Milk is stored on farm at 4 degrees Celsius and less for

no longer than 48 hours. Vats and silos

are agitated to make sure that the entire volume

remains cold and milk fat does not separate from the milk. After milk has been collected, storage vats and stainless steel pipes are thoroughly

cleaned before the farmer milks again.

After collection, milk is transported to factory sites and

stored in refrigerated silos before being processing.

At the Milk Factory

Dairy plants process the raw milk they receive from farmers to extend its marketable life. Two main types of processes are employed: 1. heat treatment to ensure the safety of milk

for human consumption and to lengthen its shelf-life.

2. Dehydrating dairy products such as butter, hard cheese and milk powders so that they can be stored and/or exported.

www.parmalat.com.au

Pasteurisation Involves heating every particle of milk to a specific temperature for a specified period of time and cooling it again without allowing recontamination. Pasteurization is performed for two reasons:

1. Ensure all milk products are safe for human consumption by destroying all bacteria that may be harmful to health (pathogens).

2. Improve the keeping quality of milk by killing or inactivating some undesirable enzymes and spoilage bacteria.

Watch it happen @ Arethusa Dairy Farm herewww.youtube.com/watch?v=f7pcFcrq6z0

Image: www.emt-india.net

Homogenisation:

Involves pushing the raw milk through an atomizer to form tiny particles so that the fat is dispersed evenly

throughout the milk, stopping the fat from floating to the top of the container.

Image www.emt-india.net

Skim Milk Powder Production

Milk protein as liquid goes to evaporator

dryer

To watch the Farm to Factory Process on YouTube –

click on the photo on the next slide

Please note this video was made in the 1990’sSome technology will have changed

A newer version will be available later in the year

2

6

4

Adapted from How Now Aussie

Cow – Dairy Australia

www.slideshare.net/LandLearnNSW/dairy-farming-with-jet-and-emma-milk-it

www.dairyindustrysa.com.au/for_farmers/starting_a_dairywww.dairyingfortomorrow.com/www.countdown.org.au/www.greenhouse.unimelb.edu.auwww.cowtime.com.au/www.dairyfarmenergy.com/www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OmWbRKW4K8www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7pcFcrq6z0www.cloverhilldairies.com.au

More info? Web links

Visit our Website

www.dairyyouthaustralia.com.au

Cream of the Cropsee the 2009

Cream of the Crop finalists at

www.slideshare.net/LandLearnNSW/presentations.

The Jet and Emma Series is a Dairy Youth Australia inc initiative assisted by Kiama Municipal Council through its Sustainable

Living Grants Program.

Jet and Emma Farm Management Education Series K to 12

Links Milk It www.slideshare.net/LandLearnNSW/dairy-farming-with-jet-and-emma-milk-itFarm to Factory formerly loaded as Cups On Cups Offwww.slideshare.net/LandLearnNSW/dairy-farming-with-jet-and-emma-cups-on-cups-offGrow Grass Growwww.slideshare.net/LandLearnNSW/dairy-farming-with-jet-and-emmaSeeding Timewww.slideshare.net/LandLearnNSW/dairy-farming-with-jet-and-emma-seeding-time-1236604How it all began – a Taste for Dairy www.slideshare.net/LandLearnNSW/jet-and-emma-a-taste-for-dairySustainable Dairying www.slideshare.net/LandLearnNSW/dairy-farming-with-jet-and-emma-healthy-landscape-1641792Circle of Life – Calf to Cow www.slideshare.net/LandLearnNSW/circle-of-life-calf-to-cowVetting Around Australia – by Guest presenter Jacinta Kelly www.slideshare.net/LandLearnNSW/vetting-around-australia-by-jacinta-kelly

Acknowledgements

Farm yard animal graphics have been created for the “Jet and Emma Get Down and Dirty on the Farm” series by students from Mt Terry Public School

Watch this

space we will be back

soon