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Fall 2015 Poli 388W ­ EV Sammy Basu

TTh12:50­2:20SML 315 Democracy and Nazism MWF

10:00­11:30SMU 317

What can we learn from the failed Weimar Republic and theconsolidated authoritarianism of the Nazi Third Reich about theconstitutive elements of democracy in general at the institutional,cultural, and cognitive levels? In exploring the historical record,this course considers the nature of political and moral argumentin relation to several modes of discourse: philosophy, art,worldview, propaganda, ideology, and deception. Inargumentative, ethical, aesthetic, and affective terms, what madeagitation for the demise of Weimar democracy persuasive, andconversely, what legitimized participation in the Nazi racialstate? Finally, what insights can we apply to contemporarydemocratic politics?

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Student Learning Objectives: 1 To better understand the subfield of political philosophy (Poli) 11 Writing effectively and persuasively (W) 111 Examining values (EV)

Graded Components: %age1 Weimar Exam 1511 Final Exam – comprehensive, incl. student presentations 25111 Term Paper 40 An argumentative paper (25pp) utilizing primary source material and

evaluating competing theories presented using IT

IV Participation (incl. discussion leadership) 20 You should complete assigned reading before the class. If you miss class, regardless of the reason, you are required to provide

a 250­word summary on the readings of the day(s) missed. To behanded in at next class.

Required Texts:

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Joseph Roth.What I Saw: Reports from Berlin, 1920­1933.

[1920­33] (2003)

Sebastian Haffner.Germany Jekyll & Hyde: A Contemporary Account of

Nazi Germany [1939] (2008)

Stephen J. Lee.The Weimar Republic (2010)

Stephen J. Lee.Hitler and Nazi Germany (2010)

All additional material will be made available electronically Honor Code and Plagiarism:

http://www.willamette.edu/cla/dean/ethic/index.html “We will hold ourselves to the highest standards of moral, academicexcellence. We will proudly submit only our original work. We will neverattempt to give ourselves or others an unfair advantage. We will commit toupholding our honor and the value of our work. Through this commitment wewill serve as an example to our peers.”

Credit Hour Compliance: Students will spend 2­3 hours on the course, including reading, writing andrelevant co­curricular activities for every hour of in­class time.

Disability Accommodation:

http://www.willamette.edu/dept/policies/selected/students/disability.html

Willamette does not discriminate on the basis of disability in any of its programs,services or activities. The school will not deny any otherwise qualified student with adisability the opportunity to participate in, or benefit from, any aid, benefit or servicethat Willamette provides. Willamette will also strive to accommodate students withdisabilities on an individual basis. Willamette will make whatever reasonableaccommodations it can to accommodate students with disabilities, unless theaccommodations would pose an undue burden to the school.

Religious Accommodation:

http://www.willamette.edu/dept/chaplain/events/holidays.html

Willamette University recognizes the value of religious practice and strives toaccommodate students’ commitment to their religious traditions whenever possible.

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When conflicts between holy days or other religious practice and academic schedulingarise, every effort should be made to allow students to adhere to their tradition,including, when possible, excusing class absences and allowing make­up work. Astudent anticipating the need to miss a class for religious reasons should alert thefaculty member within the first two weeks of the semester, and the two of themshould determine the next course of action. Any unresolved difficulty should bereferred to the Office of the Chaplains.

SCHEDULETue, Aug 25

Introduction and Historiography

contemporary fascination with fascism.democracy and its dynamicsmustaches to monuments.timeline

Thu, Aug 27 Can we learn from Weimar and Nazi Germany? . . . . Read: Kershaw, Ian. 2004. ‘Hitler and the Uniqueness of Nazism.’ Journal of

Contemporary History 39: 239­254. Or try this Optional: Bookbinder, Paul, ‘Why Study Weimar Germany?’ and Facing History Fritzsche, Peter. 1996. ‘Nazi Modern.’ Modernism/modernity 3.1: 1­22.

1919 1927 Tue, Sep 1 1. Democratic Revolution & re­Constitution

SBSource Material:Prussian Constitution (1850)The Weimar Constitution (1919)BBC: Weimar Strengths and Weaknesses Read:Lee, Weimar, ch. 1: The German Revolution, 1918­1919Roth, What I Saw, ch. 1: eg 1, eg 2 Thomas Mann, ‘On the German Republic’ (1922), esp pp. (also in WISE)

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Hugo Preuss, 1860­1925

Max Weber, 1864­1920

Berman, Sheri. 1997. ‘Civil Society and the Collapse of theWeimar Republic.’ World Politics 49,3: 401­429.

Kaiser Wilhelm II,1859­1941

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Adolf Hitler in the Odeonsplatz, Munich partaking of the‘spirit of ‘14’

Thu, Sep 3 2. Colonialism, War & the Aftermath: Violence,

Trauma, Guilt students

German war dead

Source Material:BBC: Long­term underlying causes of war, problems 1919­1923, Opinions of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles (1919)The Nazis (1997). Episode 1: Helped into Power (48min, esp4:15­10:40, 12:30­13:00)Versailles and Ruhr: Make Germany Pay 1 and II Read:Lee, Weimar, ch. 2: Versailles and its impact, 1919­1933 Egdebt. eg 1, eg 2, eg 3Roth, What I Saw, ch. 20, 29; eg 1 and eg 2 Bessel, R. ‘The Great War in German Memory: The Soldiersof the First World War, Demobilization, and Weimar PoliticalCulture,’ German History, 6.1: 20­34. OrZiemann, Benjamin. 2003. ‘Germany after the First WorldWar – A Violent Society? Results and Implications of RecentResearch on Weimar Germany.’ Journal of Modern EuropeanHistory, 1.1: 80­95.

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Ebert and NSDAPand KDP

Tue, Sep 8 3. PR & Multi­Party Politics:KPD, SPD, DDP, Z, DVP, BVP, DNVP, NSDAP

students

Reichstag Party

Source Material:John Cleese on PRPolitical Parties handoutElection footageElectoral Geography 2.0:GermanyHannah Hoch’s Cut with aKitchen Knife I, II, III Read:Lee, Weimar, ch. 3: TheConstitution and the partysystem, 1919­1933Roth, What I Saw, ch. 30,31, 32, 33 Feuchtwanger, Edgar.1994. ‘The WeimarRepublic ­ A Failure ofrepresentative institutions?’Parliaments, estates andRepresentation 14.2: 159­170. WISE

Geographic dist of vote

1912

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1919

George Grosz, TheEclipse of the Sun,1926

Howard Streseman

Thu, Sep 10 4. Authority, Celebrity, and Media students

Friedrich Ebert, 1871­1925

Source Material:The Bathing Suit ControversyHindenburg becomes President, 1925/1932, and 1933 Read:Lee, Weimar, ch. 4: Chancellors and Presidents of theRepublic, 1919­33Roth, What I Saw, ch. 21, eg 1 and 2 Ross, Corey. 2006. ‘Mass Politics and the Techniques ofLeadership: The Promise and Perils of Propaganda inWeimar Germany.’ German History 24.2:184­211. Menge, Anna. 2008. ‘The Iron Hindenburg: A Popular Icon ofWeimar Germany.’ German History 26.3: 357­382.

Frederick the Great Otto von Bismarck Kaiser Wilhelm II Paulvon Hindenburg

1712­1786 1815­1898 1859­1941 1847­1934

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Hitler et al, Munich1923Thu, Sep 17 5. Polarization and Putsch students

Ludendorff and Hitler,1923

Erich Ludendorff 1865­1937

Source Material:BBC: Weimar crisis of 1923BBC: Nazi beliefsBBC: The Munich Putsch1923The Nazis (1997). Episode 1:Helped into Power (10:40­12:30, 13:00­18:50, 20:00­20:30)NSDAP 25 Point Plan (1920)Inflation (1923)Munich Beer­Hall Putsch(1923)Hitler’s Final Trial Speech (27March, 1924)Gottfried Feder and DietrickEckhart and Anton Drexler Read:Lee, Weimar, ch. 5: Crisisand Recovery, 1920­23Roth, What I Saw, ch. 6, 7,8, 9, 10

1924

Orlow, Dietrich O. 1965. ‘The Organizational History andStructure of the NSDAP, 1919­23.’ The Journal of ModernHistory 37.2:208­226. Madden, Paul. 1982. ‘Some Social Characteristics of EarlyNazi Party Members, 1919­23.’Central European History15.1:34­56.

Weimar children usingbanknote bundles asbuilding blocks 1923

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George Grosz, TheCity, 1917

Potsdamerplatz, Berlin

Tue, Sep 15 6. The Modern German Malaise students

Metropolis, 1927

Source Material:BBC: How did Weimar survive?Berlin in the 1920s (3.07min)Towards prosperity and hope (3.40 min)The Nazis (1997). Episode 1: Helped into Power (20:30­22:00) FW Murnau. The Last Laugh // Der letzte Mann (1924)(141min)Doorman and Democracy. Read:Lee, Weimar, ch. 6: A period of stability, 1924­29?Roth, What I Saw, ch. 16, 17, 18, 19 Costigliola, Frank. 1976. ‘The United States and theReconstruction of Germany in the 1920s.’ The BusinessHistory Review, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 477­502. Jones, Larry Eugene. 1972. ‘"The Dying Middle": WeimarGermany and the Fragmentation of Bourgeois Politics.’Central European History 5.1:23­54.

The Last Laugh, 1924

scene from Last Laugh

Beckmann, 1919 Tue, Sep 22 7. Cultural Reactions to the ‘Golden Twenties’ students

Source Material:

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Bauhaus 1923

Hitler, Mein Kampf 1926/7

BauhausThe Culture of the Weimar Republic (3.49 min)Tour Around Berlin in 1929 (3.28 min)Understanding Hitler Through Mein Kampf Documentary (2:00­5:30)Hitler the Artist (3:10)The Nazis (1997). Episode 1: Helped into Power (22:00­23:10, 24:30­29:00) Read:Lee, Weimar, ch. 9: Social and cultural achievements, 1918­33Roth, What I Saw, ch. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15Roth, What I Saw, ch. 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf : 3­17, 33­44, 53­60, 108, 150­3, 171, 180­1, 248­57­60, 287­99, 311, 316, 320, 327, 330, 337, 342­59, 366­367, 374, 384, 388, 411­18, 451, 466, 479­92, 510, 574­6, 577­83, 591­2, 614­21, 648­658, 701­711,730­37 – Swastika, 767­72, 795­800, 824­835, 841­67, 886­93, 930, 973, 982,992 in WISE. Steinweis, Alan E. 1991. ‘Weimar Culture and the Rise of National Socialism:The Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur.’ Central European History 24.4: 402­423. Kater, Michael H. 1988. ‘The Jazz Experience in Weimar Germany.’ GermanHistory 6.2: 145­158.

Robert Genin (1884­1943) Otto Dix, ‘Grosstadt triptych,’ 1927

Siegmund Breitbart, ‘Muscular Judaism’ 1900 Thu, Sep 24 8. Jews, ‘World­Jewry,’ and ‘the Jew’ students

Max Nordau, 1849­1923

Source Material:The Nazis (1997). Episode 1:Helped into Power (23:10­24:30)Hitler on Jews and Christ (9.07min)Joseph Goebbels, Das BuchIsidor (1929) and Bernhard WeissAlbert Einstein’s Zionism (1931) Read:Roth, What I Saw, ch. 2, 3, 4, 5,34 Heilbronner, Oded. 2000. ‘FromAntisemitic Peripheries to

Walther Rathenau,1867­1922

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1920

Antisemitic Centres: The Place ofAntisemitism in Modern GermanHistory.’ Journal of ContemporaryHistory 35.4: 559­576.

Jewish communities in pre­warGermany

LEADTechnologiesInc. V1.01

Julius Streicher,1885­1946

7pm, Roger Hull Hallin the Hallie FordMuseum

Film screening: The Rape of Europa (2006).

July 1932 Medieval depiction of ‘ritual murder’ Tue, Sep 29 9. Christianity and antisemitism students

Martin Luther, 1483­1546

Source Material:Gerhard Hahn, Christuskreuz und Hakenkreuz (1934) Read:Martin Luther, On the Jews and their lies (1543)Part I from start to “tomfoolery and trickery”Part III from ‘blind Jews to mislead you’ to the end of IIIPart VI from start to ‘harder than a diamond’Part VII from ‘Eternal death’ to end of XIIPart VIII from ‘no remission of sin’ to the end of VIIIPart X from start to ‘fifteen hundred years’ and then lastthree paragraphsPart XI entire (especially this one)Part XII first two paragraphsPart XIII final paragraph St. John Chrysostom, Eight Homilies against the Jews(386­7)Homily I from start (‘TODAY I HAD’) to ‘the dwelling ofdemons’Homily IV from start (‘AGAIN THE JEWS’) to ‘action good orbad’And from “But before I draw up’ to ‘Does not the Scripturetreat … Jews in this way?’And ‘Let then my battle with the Jews’ to ‘the Holy Spirit for

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St John Chrysostom,347­407

ever and ever’Homily V from ‘WE have said enough” to ‘God’s love andkindness’And from ‘Are you Jews still disputing the question?’ to‘world without end. Amen.’Homily VIII from ‘If the devil is a murderer’ to ‘live with a badconscience?’ AlsoHastings, Derek. 2003. ‘How "Catholic" Was the Early NaziMovement? Religion, Race, and Culture in Munich, 1919­1924.’ Central European History, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 383­433.

Probst, Christopher J. 2009. ‘“An incessant army ofdemons”: Wolf Meyer­Erlach, Luther, and “the Jews” in NaziGermany.’ Holocaust and Genocide Studies 23.3: 441­460.

Thu, Oct 1 10. Crises upon Crises students

Paul vonHindenburg, 1932

Source Material:BBC: Hitler’s rise to powerBBC: Was Weimar doomed?The Nazis (1997). Episode 1: Helped into Power (29:00­43:05)or here and hereThe Hitler no one knows (1932)Election Ballot (1932)NSDAP Posters pre­1933 ­ as test of explanations

Unemployment in Germany, 1924­19321924 1928 1930 July 31,

1932October31, 1932

978,000 1,368,000 3,076,000 5,392,000 5,109,000 Read:Lee, Weimar, ch. 10: Crisis and collapse, 1929­1933 Wolfers, Arnold. 1932. ‘The Crisis of the Democratic Régime inGermany.’ International Affairs (Royal Institute of InternationalAffairs 1931­1939) 11.6:757­782.

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Hitler 1932

.July 1932

Tue, Oct 6 11. Democratic Capitulation students

LEADTechnologiesInc. V1.01

Alfred Hugenberg1865­1951

Election results and fire etc (vid, 10min)In briefWels­Hitler 1933The Enabling Act and vid Read:Winkler, Heinrich August. 1990. ‘Choosing the Lesser Evil: TheGerman Social Democrats and the Fall of the WeimarRepublic.’ Journal of Contemporary History 25.2/3: 205­227. Kolb, Eberhard. 1997. ‘Was Hitler’s Seizure of Power onJanuary 30, 1933, Inevitable?’ German Historical Institute 18:9­23.

Otto Wels 1873­1939

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27 Feb 1933 TBD Exam Review Sessions – Exam format, Weimar

Summary Thu, Oct 8 WEIMAR EXAM 7pm, Roger Hull HallHallie Ford Museum

Film screening: The Rape of Europa (2006)(117min).

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1933,election postcard

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Day of Potsdam, 21 March 1933 Tue, Oct 13 Intro: Do Three Reichs make a wrong?

Source Material:BBC: How Hitler consolidated power 1933­34BBC: The structures of control in the Nazi stateThe Nazis (1997). Episode 1: Helped into Power (4:15­11:00,43:05­47.45)Nazi Laughter Read:Lee, Nazi, ch. 1: The Rise of NazismLee, Nazi, ch. 2: The Achievement & Consolidation of Power1933­34Haffner, Germany, Foreward ‘23 March 1933 Speech’ in Hitler Complete pp275­286 inWISE

1933, Nuremberg PartyRally

Thu, Oct 15 Guest: Robert Edsel, visits class7:30pm Atkinson Lecture: Robert Edsel,"Saving Italy: The

Race to Rescue a Nation’s Treasures from the Nazis"The Historic Elsinore Theatre, 170 High Street SE, Salem

Adolf Hitler, 1889­1945

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Hitler and NSDAP celebrating victory Tue, Oct 20 1. The Hitler State

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students

Hitler with children

Source Material:Hitler and National Leaders (postcard c.1934), 1933 speech,and 1934 speech (from Triumph)Germany Awakes (1933), and State StructureAH: Pictures from the Life of the Fuhrer (1936) and inGermanThe Nazis (1997). Episode 4: The Wild East (30:45­35:00) Read:Lee, Nazi, ch. 3: The Nazi DictatorshipHaffner, Germany, ch. 1: HitlerHaffner, Germany, ch. 2: The Nazi Leaders Jacobsen, C., & House, R. J. (2001). Dynamics ofcharismatic leadership: A process theory, simulation model,and tests. The Leadership Quarterly, 12(1), 75­112. Kershaw, Ian. 1993. 'Working Towards the Führer.'Reflections on the Nature of the Hitler Dictatorship.’Contemporary European History 2.2: 103­118.

Alfred Rosenberg Rudolf Hess Herman Goring

Reinhard Heydrich

Thu, Oct 22 2. The Terror State students

Heinrich Himmler1990­1945

Source Material:Video: Police State and Why Hitler was feared (5, 3 min)The Gestapo, Camps are for mules,BBC: OppositionEdelweiss PiratesThe White RoseAugust LandmesserConcentration Camps Read:Lee, Nazi, ch. 5: The SS and the GestapoLee, Nazi, ch. 6: Support, Opposition & ResistanceHaffner, Germany, ch. 5: The Disloyal PopulationHaffner, Germany, ch. 6: The Opposition

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Gellately, Robert. 1991. ‘Rethinking the Nazi Terror

System: A Historiographical Analysis.’ German StudiesReview 14.1: 23­38.

Nazi uniforms

risoners during Roll Call at theOranienburg

Oranienburg, roll­call, 1 April 1933

Goebbels addressing crowd Tue, Oct 27 3. The Brainwashed State students

Source Material:Bytwerk archive on Nazi Propaganda 1933­1945Nazi Posters (1933­1945)US Holocaust Memorial Museum on PropagandaThe Power of Nazi Propaganda (5.46 min) Read:Lee, Nazi, ch. 4: Indoctrination and PropagandaHaffner, Germany, ch. 3: The NazisHaffner, Germany, ch. 4: The Loyal Population Welch, David. 2004. ‘Nazi Propaganda and theVolksgemeinschaft: Constructing a People’s Community.’Journal of Contemporary History 39.2: 213­238.

Joseph Goebbels1897­1945

Robert Ley Max Amann Baldur von Schirach(1890­1945) (1891­1957) (1907­1974)

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Nazi Plan for Munich Speer with Hitler Thu, Oct 29 4. The Beautiful State students

Richard Wagner 1813­1883

Source Material: Wagner, TheMastersingers ofNuremberg (1933)Bayreuth and MaxLorenz (1930s) or herefullBayreuth (1943)Berlin (1936, 1.44min) Nuremberg PartyRallies The Triumph of theWill (1935, 144 min)Closing speech (1935,9.00min)

Leni Riefenstahl AlbertSpeer1902­2003 1905­1981

Degenerate Art Show,1937

Great German ArtExhib 1937

The ‘Degenerate’ Art Show (1937) and 4 Nov 2013Nazi architectureFor amusement (4:00min) Read:The Degenerate Art Show Brochure (1937)Get ‘DegenerateArt_49­79%2C356­390.pdf’ from WISEAlso get ‘Barron1’ from WISEWerckmeister, O. K. 1997. ‘Hitler the Artist.’ Critical Inquiry23.2: 270­97.Basu, Sammy. 2012. ‘’He Laughs Loudly,’ Hitler, Nazism, andWagner’s Die Meistersinger von Nurnberg,’ in History 1933­1948: What We Choose to Remember. Pp. 357­86.

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Tue, Nov 3 5. The Happy State students

Source Material:BBC: Economic policies and benefitsNazi economic success (1936)German house (1937)The volkswagen (1938)Family Magazine (1939)A Beautiful World (2.20min) Read:Lee, Nazi, ch. 7: The Nazi Economy Imhoof, David. 2009. ‘The Game of Political Change: Sports inGöttingen during the Weimar and Nazi Eras.’ German History27.1: 374­94. König, Wolfgang. 2004. ‘Adolf Hitler vs. Henry Ford: TheVolkswagen, the Role of America as a Model, and the Failureof a Nazi Consumer Society.’ German Studies Review, Vol.27, No. 2, pp. 249­268.

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.

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Thu, Nov 5 6. The Pure State (Greater Germany and then

Europe) students

Source Material:BBC: Women in the Nazi State and PersecutionNazi antisemitic propaganda (1933­1945), The Nazi AnatomistsThe Nazis (1997). Episode 4: The Wild East (3:40­11:45, 35:00­47:20)The Nazi Woman (1.20) Read:Lee, Nazi, ch. 8: Outside the Volksgemeinschaft Goebbels, Joseph. 1934 ‘German Women’Erna Günther. 1934. ‘We women in the Struggle for Germany’sRenewal.’Wagner, Gerhard. 1936. ‘Race and Population Policy’H. Rodenfels. 1939. ‘Women who may not be allowed to becomeMothers.’ Rupp, Leila J. 1977. ‘Mother of the "Volk": The Image of Women inNazi Ideology.’ Signs 3.2:362­379.

v . .

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Tue, Nov 10 7. The Antisemitic State and the Holocaust students

‘Leading Figures of the System’ (1936)Museum Exhibit: The Eternal Jew (1937) and Book: The EternalJew (1937) also

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‘Die herrlichsten Grüßevon der Austellungsendet Euch Lenni’[Sending youmagnificent greetingsfrom the exhibitionLenni]

The Evian Conference (1938, July)Kristallnacht (1938, Nov 9)Film: Der Ewige Jude (1940, The Eternal Jew) (65 min), Stills: DerEwige JudeHolocaust education: site and in generalThe Nazis (1997). Episode 5: The Road to Treblinka (48min)Anne Frank Timeline (1945)Also Camp System and Example Read:Kurt Hilmar Eitzen, “Ten Responses to Jewish Lackeys [ZehnKnüppel wider die Judenknechte]” Unser Wille und Weg (6) 1936,pp. 309­310Hornshoj­Moller, Stig on Der Ewige JudeNazi Review of Der Ewige Jude Herf, Jeffrey. 2005. ‘The “Jewish War”: Goebbels and theAntisemitic Campaigns of the Nazi.’ Holocaust Genocide Studies19.1: 51­80. Steiner, John M. 2000. ‘The role margin as the site for moral andsocial intelligence” The case of Germany and National Socialism.’Crime, Law & Social Change, 34:61­75.

1938 Thu, Nov 12 8. The War (to the Death) State students

Source Material:BBC: Hitler’s aims and actionsBBC: Who was to blameNazi war propaganda (1939­1945).Nazi war art (1940­1944)The Nazis (1997). Episode 6: Fighting to the End (48min)Here is Germany (7.52 min) Read:Lee, Nazi, ch. 9: Foreign PolicyLee, Nazi, ch. 10: Germany at War Schuman, Frederick L. 1934. The Third Reich's Road toWar. Annals of the American Academy of Political and

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Social Science, Vol. 175, The Shadow of War (Sep.,1934), pp. 33­43.

urope in April 1944

Tue, Nov 17 Epistemology, Nazism, & Nazi Epistemology.

Ethics, Nazism, & Nazi Ethics Mechanics of Presentation and Term paper

Thu, Nov 19 Student Presentations

1 2 3 4 5 6 Tue, Nov 24 Thanksgiving: No Class Thu, Nov 26 Thanksgiving: No Class Tue, Dec 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 Thu, Dec 3

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SAIs13 14 15 16 17 TBD Final Exam Review Tue, Dec 8, 2­5pm FINAL EXAM