FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKS FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKS

FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYA. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession A. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession

PENANCE OR CONFESSIONPENANCE OR CONFESSION

"At first, penance had consisted in "At first, penance had consisted in certain public expressions of repen- certain public expressions of repen- tance, required by the church from tance, required by the church from those who had been excluded on those who had been excluded on account of scandals, and who desiredaccount of scandals, and who desired

PENANCE OR CONFESSIONPENANCE OR CONFESSION

"At first, penance had consisted in "At first, penance had consisted in certain public expressions of repen- certain public expressions of repen- tance, required by the church from tance, required by the church from those who had been excluded on those who had been excluded on account of scandals, and who desiredaccount of scandals, and who desired

to be received again into its bosom.to be received again into its bosom. "By degrees penance was extended to every sin, "By degrees penance was extended to every sin, even to the most secret, and was considered as a even to the most secret, and was considered as a sort of punishment to which it was necessary to sort of punishment to which it was necessary to submit, in order to obtain the forgiveness of God submit, in order to obtain the forgiveness of God through the priest's absolution.through the priest's absolution. "Instead of looking to Christ for pardon...it was "Instead of looking to Christ for pardon...it was sought for principally in the Church through sought for principally in the Church through penitential works.penitential works.

to be received again into its bosom.to be received again into its bosom. "By degrees penance was extended to every sin, "By degrees penance was extended to every sin, even to the most secret, and was considered as a even to the most secret, and was considered as a sort of punishment to which it was necessary to sort of punishment to which it was necessary to submit, in order to obtain the forgiveness of God submit, in order to obtain the forgiveness of God through the priest's absolution.through the priest's absolution. "Instead of looking to Christ for pardon...it was "Instead of looking to Christ for pardon...it was sought for principally in the Church through sought for principally in the Church through penitential works.penitential works.

"The penitential works, thus substituted for the "The penitential works, thus substituted for the salvation of God, were multiplied in the Church fromsalvation of God, were multiplied in the Church fromTertullian down to the thirteenth century. Men were Tertullian down to the thirteenth century. Men were required to fast, to go barefoot, to wear no linen, &c.; required to fast, to go barefoot, to wear no linen, &c.; to quit their homes and their native land for distant to quit their homes and their native land for distant countries; or to renounce the world and embrace a countries; or to renounce the world and embrace a monastic life." (monastic life." (History of the Reformation of the History of the Reformation of the Sixteenth CenturySixteenth Century, J.H.Merle d'Aubignè‚ p. 15, Baker , J.H.Merle d'Aubignè‚ p. 15, Baker publ.)publ.)

"The penitential works, thus substituted for the "The penitential works, thus substituted for the salvation of God, were multiplied in the Church fromsalvation of God, were multiplied in the Church fromTertullian down to the thirteenth century. Men were Tertullian down to the thirteenth century. Men were required to fast, to go barefoot, to wear no linen, &c.; required to fast, to go barefoot, to wear no linen, &c.; to quit their homes and their native land for distant to quit their homes and their native land for distant countries; or to renounce the world and embrace a countries; or to renounce the world and embrace a monastic life." (monastic life." (History of the Reformation of the History of the Reformation of the Sixteenth CenturySixteenth Century, J.H.Merle d'Aubignè‚ p. 15, Baker , J.H.Merle d'Aubignè‚ p. 15, Baker publ.)publ.)

FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYA. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession A. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession

B. B. IndulgencesIndulgencesB. B. IndulgencesIndulgences

INDULGENCESINDULGENCES

The "Treasury of Grace”The "Treasury of Grace”

"There are...works of supererogation, performed "There are...works of supererogation, performed by Christ and by the saints, with corresponding by Christ and by the saints, with corresponding extra-merits and extra-rewards; and these constitute extra-merits and extra-rewards; and these constitute a rich treasury from which the Pope, as the a rich treasury from which the Pope, as the treasurer, can dispense treasurer, can dispense indulgencesindulgences for money. for money. This papal power of dispensation extends even to This papal power of dispensation extends even to the departed souls in purgatory, whose sufferings the departed souls in purgatory, whose sufferings may thereby be abridged." (may thereby be abridged." (History of the Christian History of the Christian ChurchChurch, Philip Schaff, v. VII, pp. 147-148), Philip Schaff, v. VII, pp. 147-148)

INDULGENCESINDULGENCES

The "Treasury of Grace”The "Treasury of Grace”

"There are...works of supererogation, performed "There are...works of supererogation, performed by Christ and by the saints, with corresponding by Christ and by the saints, with corresponding extra-merits and extra-rewards; and these constitute extra-merits and extra-rewards; and these constitute a rich treasury from which the Pope, as the a rich treasury from which the Pope, as the treasurer, can dispense treasurer, can dispense indulgencesindulgences for money. for money. This papal power of dispensation extends even to This papal power of dispensation extends even to the departed souls in purgatory, whose sufferings the departed souls in purgatory, whose sufferings may thereby be abridged." (may thereby be abridged." (History of the Christian History of the Christian ChurchChurch, Philip Schaff, v. VII, pp. 147-148), Philip Schaff, v. VII, pp. 147-148)

The Sale of IndulgencesThe Sale of Indulgences

"Somewhat later, in order to reduce this traffic to a "Somewhat later, in order to reduce this traffic to a system, they invented (probably under John XXII) system, they invented (probably under John XXII) the celebrated and scandalous Tariff of Indulgences, the celebrated and scandalous Tariff of Indulgences, which has gone through more than forty editions. which has gone through more than forty editions. The least delicate of ears would be offended by an The least delicate of ears would be offended by an enumeration of all the horrors it contains. Incest, if enumeration of all the horrors it contains. Incest, if not detected, was to cost five groats; and six, if it not detected, was to cost five groats; and six, if it was known. There was a stated price for murder,was known. There was a stated price for murder,infanticide, adultery, perjury, burglary, &c." infanticide, adultery, perjury, burglary, &c." (d'Aubignè, p. 16)(d'Aubignè, p. 16)

The Sale of IndulgencesThe Sale of Indulgences

"Somewhat later, in order to reduce this traffic to a "Somewhat later, in order to reduce this traffic to a system, they invented (probably under John XXII) system, they invented (probably under John XXII) the celebrated and scandalous Tariff of Indulgences, the celebrated and scandalous Tariff of Indulgences, which has gone through more than forty editions. which has gone through more than forty editions. The least delicate of ears would be offended by an The least delicate of ears would be offended by an enumeration of all the horrors it contains. Incest, if enumeration of all the horrors it contains. Incest, if not detected, was to cost five groats; and six, if it not detected, was to cost five groats; and six, if it was known. There was a stated price for murder,was known. There was a stated price for murder,infanticide, adultery, perjury, burglary, &c." infanticide, adultery, perjury, burglary, &c." (d'Aubignè, p. 16)(d'Aubignè, p. 16)

““The great cathedrals and monas- The great cathedrals and monas- tic establishments were either built tic establishments were either built or kept in repair (by indulgences, or kept in repair (by indulgences, sw)…”(sw)…”(New Catholic Encyclo- pediaNew Catholic Encyclo- pedia , Catholic University of , Catholic University of

America, "Indulgences", Vol. VII, pp. 482-484, via http://www.lib.usm. America, "Indulgences", Vol. VII, pp. 482-484, via http://www.lib.usm. edu/~archives/m198.htm?m198 text.htm~mainFrame)edu/~archives/m198.htm?m198 text.htm~mainFrame)

““The great cathedrals and monas- The great cathedrals and monas- tic establishments were either built tic establishments were either built or kept in repair (by indulgences, or kept in repair (by indulgences, sw)…”(sw)…”(New Catholic Encyclo- pediaNew Catholic Encyclo- pedia , Catholic University of , Catholic University of

America, "Indulgences", Vol. VII, pp. 482-484, via http://www.lib.usm. America, "Indulgences", Vol. VII, pp. 482-484, via http://www.lib.usm. edu/~archives/m198.htm?m198 text.htm~mainFrame)edu/~archives/m198.htm?m198 text.htm~mainFrame)

FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURY A. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession A. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession

B. B. IndulgencesIndulgences B. B. IndulgencesIndulgences

C. C. Righteousness by works and the N.T.Righteousness by works and the N.T., Rom. 9:30-, Rom. 9:30- 32; Rom. 4:1-532; Rom. 4:1-5 C. C. Righteousness by works and the N.T.Righteousness by works and the N.T., Rom. 9:30-, Rom. 9:30- 32; Rom. 4:1-532; Rom. 4:1-5

1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our 1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath forefather, hath foundfound according to the flesh? according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God.whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness.righteousness. 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of debt.reckoned as of grace, but as of debt. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.righteousness.

1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our 1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath forefather, hath foundfound according to the flesh? according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God.whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness.righteousness. 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of debt.reckoned as of grace, but as of debt. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.righteousness.

Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5: Regarding justification, Regarding justification, cp. cp. 3:21-31; 4:23:21-31; 4:2

Regarding justification, Regarding justification, cp. cp. 3:21-31; 4:23:21-31; 4:2

1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our 1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath found according to the flesh?forefather, hath found according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was 2 For if Abraham was justifiedjustified by works, he hath by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God.whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness.righteousness. 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of debt.reckoned as of grace, but as of debt. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.righteousness.

1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our 1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath found according to the flesh?forefather, hath found according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was 2 For if Abraham was justifiedjustified by works, he hath by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God.whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness.righteousness. 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of debt.reckoned as of grace, but as of debt. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.righteousness.

Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5: Regarding justification, Regarding justification, cp. cp. 3:21-31; 4:23:21-31; 4:2

Regarding justification, Regarding justification, cp. cp. 3:21-31; 4:23:21-31; 4:2

1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our 1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath found according to the flesh?forefather, hath found according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God.whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness.righteousness. 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of reckoned as of grace, but as of debt.debt. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.righteousness.

1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our 1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath found according to the flesh?forefather, hath found according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God.whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness.righteousness. 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of reckoned as of grace, but as of debt.debt. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.righteousness.

Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5:

FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURY A. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession A. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession

B. B. IndulgencesIndulgences B. B. IndulgencesIndulgences

II. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKS

C. C. Righteousness by works and the N.T.Righteousness by works and the N.T., Rom. 9:30-, Rom. 9:30- 32; Rom. 4:1-532; Rom. 4:1-5 C. C. Righteousness by works and the N.T.Righteousness by works and the N.T., Rom. 9:30-, Rom. 9:30- 32; Rom. 4:1-532; Rom. 4:1-5

MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSMARTIN LUTHER AND WORKS(His Understanding of (His Understanding of Justification by Faith)Justification by Faith)

======================================================"Henceforth the doctrine of justi- "Henceforth the doctrine of justi- fication by faith alone was for him fication by faith alone was for him to the end of life the sum and sub- to the end of life the sum and sub- stance of the gospel, the heart of stance of the gospel, the heart of theology, the central truth of theology, the central truth of Christianity, the article of the Christianity, the article of the standing or falling of the church. standing or falling of the church. By this standard he measured By this standard he measured every other doctrine and the value every other doctrine and the value of every book of the Bible." (my of every book of the Bible." (my emph, sw) (Schaff, p. 124)emph, sw) (Schaff, p. 124)

MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSMARTIN LUTHER AND WORKS(His Understanding of (His Understanding of Justification by Faith)Justification by Faith)

======================================================"Henceforth the doctrine of justi- "Henceforth the doctrine of justi- fication by faith alone was for him fication by faith alone was for him to the end of life the sum and sub- to the end of life the sum and sub- stance of the gospel, the heart of stance of the gospel, the heart of theology, the central truth of theology, the central truth of Christianity, the article of the Christianity, the article of the standing or falling of the church. standing or falling of the church. By this standard he measured By this standard he measured every other doctrine and the value every other doctrine and the value of every book of the Bible." (my of every book of the Bible." (my emph, sw) (Schaff, p. 124)emph, sw) (Schaff, p. 124)

FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURY A. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession A. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession

B. B. IndulgencesIndulgences B. B. IndulgencesIndulgences

II. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKS A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James

C. C. Righteousness by works and the N.T.Righteousness by works and the N.T., Rom. 9:30-, Rom. 9:30- 32; Rom. 4:1-532; Rom. 4:1-5 C. C. Righteousness by works and the N.T.Righteousness by works and the N.T., Rom. 9:30-, Rom. 9:30- 32; Rom. 4:1-532; Rom. 4:1-5

Consequences re. Luther’s Convic- Consequences re. Luther’s Convic- tions about the Epistle of Jamestions about the Epistle of James

"Luther's hasty and unjust estimate "Luther's hasty and unjust estimate (of the epistle of James, sw) is well (of the epistle of James, sw) is well known. In the preface of the New known. In the preface of the New Testament (1522) he calls it `a rightTestament (1522) he calls it `a right

Consequences re. Luther’s Convic- Consequences re. Luther’s Convic- tions about the Epistle of Jamestions about the Epistle of James

"Luther's hasty and unjust estimate "Luther's hasty and unjust estimate (of the epistle of James, sw) is well (of the epistle of James, sw) is well known. In the preface of the New known. In the preface of the New Testament (1522) he calls it `a rightTestament (1522) he calls it `a right

strawy Epistle, for it has no true evangelical charac- strawy Epistle, for it has no true evangelical charac- ter.' This remark disappears from later editions, but ter.' This remark disappears from later editions, but it was never formally retracted. Nor does it stand it was never formally retracted. Nor does it stand alone. Huther quotes also statements to the effect alone. Huther quotes also statements to the effect that it is `no genuine apostolic Epistle' (Sermons on that it is `no genuine apostolic Epistle' (Sermons on the Epistles of St. Peter, 1523); that it `was neither the Epistles of St. Peter, 1523); that it `was neither written by an apostle nor has the true apostolic ring, written by an apostle nor has the true apostolic ring, nor does it agree with the pure Doctrine' (Kirchen- nor does it agree with the pure Doctrine' (Kirchen- postille, delivered in 1527-8). So in his Table Talk, postille, delivered in 1527-8). So in his Table Talk,

strawy Epistle, for it has no true evangelical charac- strawy Epistle, for it has no true evangelical charac- ter.' This remark disappears from later editions, but ter.' This remark disappears from later editions, but it was never formally retracted. Nor does it stand it was never formally retracted. Nor does it stand alone. Huther quotes also statements to the effect alone. Huther quotes also statements to the effect that it is `no genuine apostolic Epistle' (Sermons on that it is `no genuine apostolic Epistle' (Sermons on the Epistles of St. Peter, 1523); that it `was neither the Epistles of St. Peter, 1523); that it `was neither written by an apostle nor has the true apostolic ring, written by an apostle nor has the true apostolic ring, nor does it agree with the pure Doctrine' (Kirchen- nor does it agree with the pure Doctrine' (Kirchen- postille, delivered in 1527-8). So in his Table Talk, postille, delivered in 1527-8). So in his Table Talk,

`Many have endeavoured and laboured to `Many have endeavoured and laboured to reconcile the Epistle of James with Paul. Philip reconcile the Epistle of James with Paul. Philip Melancthon refers to it in his `Apology,' but not Melancthon refers to it in his `Apology,' but not with earnestness; for `faith justifies' and `faith with earnestness; for `faith justifies' and `faith does not justify' are plain contradictions. does not justify' are plain contradictions. Whoever can reconcile them, on him I will put Whoever can reconcile them, on him I will put my cap, and allow him to call me a fool.'" my cap, and allow him to call me a fool.'" ((Pulpit CommentaryPulpit Commentary, vol. 21, E.C.S. Gibson, , vol. 21, E.C.S. Gibson, "Introduction to the General Epistle of James,” "Introduction to the General Epistle of James,” pp. xii-xiv)pp. xii-xiv)

`Many have endeavoured and laboured to `Many have endeavoured and laboured to reconcile the Epistle of James with Paul. Philip reconcile the Epistle of James with Paul. Philip Melancthon refers to it in his `Apology,' but not Melancthon refers to it in his `Apology,' but not with earnestness; for `faith justifies' and `faith with earnestness; for `faith justifies' and `faith does not justify' are plain contradictions. does not justify' are plain contradictions. Whoever can reconcile them, on him I will put Whoever can reconcile them, on him I will put my cap, and allow him to call me a fool.'" my cap, and allow him to call me a fool.'" ((Pulpit CommentaryPulpit Commentary, vol. 21, E.C.S. Gibson, , vol. 21, E.C.S. Gibson, "Introduction to the General Epistle of James,” "Introduction to the General Epistle of James,” pp. xii-xiv)pp. xii-xiv)

FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURY A. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession A. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession

B. B. IndulgencesIndulgences B. B. IndulgencesIndulgences

II. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKS A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26 B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26

C. C. Righteousness by works and the N.T.Righteousness by works and the N.T., Rom. 9:30-, Rom. 9:30- 32; Rom. 4:1-532; Rom. 4:1-5 C. C. Righteousness by works and the N.T.Righteousness by works and the N.T., Rom. 9:30-, Rom. 9:30- 32; Rom. 4:1-532; Rom. 4:1-5

FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKS A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26 B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26

III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2 A. A. The two chapters are speaking of different kinds The two chapters are speaking of different kinds of worksof works, Jas. 2:22; Gen. 22:2; Rom. 4:1-5, Jas. 2:22; Gen. 22:2; Rom. 4:1-5 A. A. The two chapters are speaking of different kinds The two chapters are speaking of different kinds of worksof works, Jas. 2:22; Gen. 22:2; Rom. 4:1-5, Jas. 2:22; Gen. 22:2; Rom. 4:1-5

1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our 1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath found according to the flesh?forefather, hath found according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by 2 For if Abraham was justified by worksworks, he hath , he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God.whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness.righteousness. 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of debt.reckoned as of grace, but as of debt. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.righteousness.

1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our 1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath found according to the flesh?forefather, hath found according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by 2 For if Abraham was justified by worksworks, he hath , he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God.whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness.righteousness. 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of debt.reckoned as of grace, but as of debt. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.righteousness.

Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5: Boasting Boasting works, works, cf. cf. 3:27; 4:23:27; 4:2

Boasting Boasting works, works, cf. cf. 3:27; 4:23:27; 4:2

1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our 1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath found according to the flesh?forefather, hath found according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God.whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness.righteousness. 4 Now to him that 4 Now to him that workethworketh, the reward is not , the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of reckoned as of grace, but as of debtdebt.. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.righteousness.

1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our 1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath found according to the flesh?forefather, hath found according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God.whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness.righteousness. 4 Now to him that 4 Now to him that workethworketh, the reward is not , the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of reckoned as of grace, but as of debtdebt.. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.righteousness.

Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5:Romans 4:1-5: Boasting Boasting works, works, cf. cf. 3:27; 4:23:27; 4:2

Boasting Boasting works, works, cf. cf. 3:27; 4:23:27; 4:2

Meritorious works, cp. Meritorious works, cp. 9:30-32; Lk. 18:11-129:30-32; Lk. 18:11-12

FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKS A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26 B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26

III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2 A. A. The two chapters are speaking of different kinds The two chapters are speaking of different kinds of worksof works, Jas. 2:22; Gen. 22:2; Rom. 4:1-5, Jas. 2:22; Gen. 22:2; Rom. 4:1-5 A. A. The two chapters are speaking of different kinds The two chapters are speaking of different kinds of worksof works, Jas. 2:22; Gen. 22:2; Rom. 4:1-5, Jas. 2:22; Gen. 22:2; Rom. 4:1-5

B. B. The N.T. differentiates between meritorious The N.T. differentiates between meritorious works and works which meet conditions God has works and works which meet conditions God has laid downlaid down, Rom. 9:31-32; Heb. 11:30; Rom. 3:20; , Rom. 9:31-32; Heb. 11:30; Rom. 3:20; 6:17-18; Gal. 5:66:17-18; Gal. 5:6

B. B. The N.T. differentiates between meritorious The N.T. differentiates between meritorious works and works which meet conditions God has works and works which meet conditions God has laid downlaid down, Rom. 9:31-32; Heb. 11:30; Rom. 3:20; , Rom. 9:31-32; Heb. 11:30; Rom. 3:20; 6:17-18; Gal. 5:66:17-18; Gal. 5:6

FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKS A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26 B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26

III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2IV. SAVING FAITH IS WORKING FAITHIV. SAVING FAITH IS WORKING FAITHIV. SAVING FAITH IS WORKING FAITHIV. SAVING FAITH IS WORKING FAITH

Hebrews 11 and Works of FaithHebrews 11 and Works of FaithHebrews 11 and Works of FaithHebrews 11 and Works of FaithPERSON FAITH ACTION BLESSINGPERSON FAITH ACTION BLESSINGPERSON FAITH ACTION BLESSINGPERSON FAITH ACTION BLESSING

AbelAbel, v. 4, v. 4AbelAbel, v. 4, v. 4““by faith” offered declared by faith” offered declared sacrificesacrifice righteous righteous““by faith” offered declared by faith” offered declared sacrificesacrifice righteous righteous

““by faith” prepared becameby faith” prepared became heirheir of of ark righteousnessark righteousness

““by faith” prepared becameby faith” prepared became heirheir of of ark righteousnessark righteousness

NoahNoah, v. 7, v. 7NoahNoah, v. 7, v. 7

AbrahamAbraham, , vs. 8-10vs. 8-10AbrahamAbraham, , vs. 8-10vs. 8-10

MosesMoses, , v. 24ffv. 24ffMosesMoses, , v. 24ffv. 24ff

IsraelIsrael, , v. 30v. 30IsraelIsrael, , v. 30v. 30

RahabRahab, v. 31, v. 31RahabRahab, v. 31, v. 31

““by faith” obeyed land, & cityby faith” obeyed land, & city built by Godbuilt by God““by faith” obeyed land, & cityby faith” obeyed land, & city built by Godbuilt by God

““by faith” refused, recompense by faith” refused, recompense forsook of rewardforsook of reward““by faith” refused, recompense by faith” refused, recompense forsook of rewardforsook of reward

““by faith” compassed walls fell by faith” compassed walls fell Jericho down Jericho down

““by faith” compassed walls fell by faith” compassed walls fell Jericho down Jericho down ““by faith” received perished by faith” received perished spies notspies not

““by faith” received perished by faith” received perished spies notspies not

FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKS A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26 B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26

III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2IV. SAVING FAITH IS WORKING FAITHIV. SAVING FAITH IS WORKING FAITH, Gal. 5:6; Phil. , Gal. 5:6; Phil. 2:12; Jno. 12:42-43; Matt. 25:31-462:12; Jno. 12:42-43; Matt. 25:31-46IV. SAVING FAITH IS WORKING FAITHIV. SAVING FAITH IS WORKING FAITH, Gal. 5:6; Phil. , Gal. 5:6; Phil. 2:12; Jno. 12:42-43; Matt. 25:31-462:12; Jno. 12:42-43; Matt. 25:31-46

FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURY A. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession A. A. Penance, or confessionPenance, or confession

B. B. IndulgencesIndulgences B. B. IndulgencesIndulgences

II. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKS A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26 B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26

C. C. Righteousness by works and the N.T.Righteousness by works and the N.T., Rom. 9:30-, Rom. 9:30- 32; Rom. 4:1-532; Rom. 4:1-5 C. C. Righteousness by works and the N.T.Righteousness by works and the N.T., Rom. 9:30-, Rom. 9:30- 32; Rom. 4:1-532; Rom. 4:1-5

FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKS A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26 B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26

III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2 A. A. The two chapters are speaking of different kinds The two chapters are speaking of different kinds of worksof works, Jas. 2:22; Gen. 22:2; Rom. 4:1-5, Jas. 2:22; Gen. 22:2; Rom. 4:1-5 A. A. The two chapters are speaking of different kinds The two chapters are speaking of different kinds of worksof works, Jas. 2:22; Gen. 22:2; Rom. 4:1-5, Jas. 2:22; Gen. 22:2; Rom. 4:1-5

B. B. The N.T. differentiates between meritorious The N.T. differentiates between meritorious works and works which meet conditions God has works and works which meet conditions God has laid downlaid down, Rom. 9:31-32; Heb. 11:30; Rom. 3:20; , Rom. 9:31-32; Heb. 11:30; Rom. 3:20; 6:17-18; Gal. 5:66:17-18; Gal. 5:6

B. B. The N.T. differentiates between meritorious The N.T. differentiates between meritorious works and works which meet conditions God has works and works which meet conditions God has laid downlaid down, Rom. 9:31-32; Heb. 11:30; Rom. 3:20; , Rom. 9:31-32; Heb. 11:30; Rom. 3:20; 6:17-18; Gal. 5:66:17-18; Gal. 5:6

FAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSFAITH AND WORKSI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYI. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16I. ROMAN CATHOLICISM AND WORKS IN THE 16thth CENTURYCENTURYII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKSII. MARTIN LUTHER AND WORKS A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James A. A. Consequences: His convictions about the epistle Consequences: His convictions about the epistle of Jamesof James B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26 B. B. Faith only and the N.TFaith only and the N.T.., Jas. 2:21-26, Jas. 2:21-26

III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2III. HARMONIZING ROMANS 4 AND JAMES 2IV. SAVING FAITH IS WORKING FAITHIV. SAVING FAITH IS WORKING FAITH, Gal. 5:6; Phil. , Gal. 5:6; Phil. 2:12; Jno. 12:42-43; Matt. 25:31-462:12; Jno. 12:42-43; Matt. 25:31-46IV. SAVING FAITH IS WORKING FAITHIV. SAVING FAITH IS WORKING FAITH, Gal. 5:6; Phil. , Gal. 5:6; Phil. 2:12; Jno. 12:42-43; Matt. 25:31-462:12; Jno. 12:42-43; Matt. 25:31-46