fail faster for success

8/3/2019 Fail Faster for Success

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Cqy Nd N atas }ybw àfsjnjk, N+e iafi*** ~bq lfta yb ca f }yqiajy bd efshaynjk nd ~bq+sa kbnjk yb }qmmaai bj`nja bs bdd`nja*

@nha N }fni, nd ~bq ibj+y `nha kayynjk }fà} wnymla} ylaj ~bq+sawsbcfc`~ jby mqy bqy dbs yla efshaynjk cq}nja}}, cqy ylfy n} bh*

Nd ~bq„sa }yn`` {nyl ea, ày„} ebta bj*

^bq }aa, N„ta in}mbtasai f saf` }amsay fcbqy efhnjk CNK ebja~*

Jby f +efia qw+ }amsay*** jby f }amsay ylfy atas~bja hjb{} fcbqyf`safi~*

F SAF@ }amsay*

Fy àf}y N lfta JATAS lafsi fj~bja yf`h fcbqy yln} cadbsa*** jbwa*

Fji, N+e kbnjk yb dq``~ sataf`, {nylbqy mb}y, {lfy yln} saf` }amsay n}nj yla ja|y Mlfwyas*** dsaa*

Cqy cadbsa N m`b}a ybif~, N {fjy yb àfta ~bq {nyl fj newbsyfjywbnjy*

Yln} à}}bj n} wsayy~ }newà cqy tas~, tas~ newbsyfjy?

@bbh fy fji safi yla bddas} ylfy mbea nj ~bqs aefn` fji nj ~bqsefn` cb|*

]yqi~ ylae*

[lfy n} ny fcbqy ylae ylfy ~bq ibj+y `nha2

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[lfy n} ny fcbqy ylae ylfy n} fyysfmynta fji njyasa}ynjk2

Lb{ {bqì ^BQ ib ny inddasajy`~2

]yqi~, f}h vqa}ynbj} fji àfsj* Ylasa n} ebja~ canjk efia bj`nja{nyl aefn` efshaynjk fji bdd`nja {nyl insamy efn`*** `by} bd ebja~*

^bq mfj+y }aa yla ebja~ mlfjka lfji}, cqy ny+} ylasa*

Ca`nata ea {laj N ya`` ~bq f }ef`` dbsyqja mfj ca efia ibnjk bja}newà ylnjk? ]ajinjk }new`~ {snyyaj aefn`} fji àyyas} bs wb}ymfsi} ybwabwà f`` btas yla {bsì*

En``nbj} bd ib``fs} mlfjka lfji} IFN@^* Ny f`` }yfsy} {nyl f }newàaefn` bs àyyas bs wb}ymfsi* Ny+} mf`ài Insamy Efshaynjk fji ny+} yla ca}y,fji af}na}y cq}nja}} nj yla {bsì* Fji ~bq mfj ib ny dsbe lbea*

Fy àf}y N ylnjh }b***

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Mlfwyas =? F Saf` Lniiaj ]amsay Yb ]qmma}}

Nj yla `f}y mlfwyas N }ajy N ybì ~bq N {bqì sataf` f +saf`+ }amsay yb}qmma}} % fy àf}y ny lf} la`wai ea*

Ylasa fsa f da{ bylas ylnjk} N saf``~ fyysncqya yb e~ was}bjf`}qmma}}*

@ay ea }lfsa {nyl ~bq f da{ bd ylae cadbsa N knta ~bq yla +}amsay+ Nybì ~bq fcbqy*

Dns}y, {laj N lfta }bea }qmma}} ny n} f`{f~} camfq}a N {f} ybyf``~+dbmq}ai+ bj f }wamndnm kbf`*

[laylas ny {f} dnjn}lnjk e~ cbbh ylfy N {sbya bs mbewàynjk f tniabbs {lfyatas*** N {f} dbmq}ai bj fmlnatnjk bja ylnjk fy f ynea %% }bdbmq}ai N ylbqkly bd jbylnjk a`}a qjyn` ny {f} ibja*

N {bqì isnta e~ {nda jqy} camfq}a ataj fy injjas bs {lnà fy bjabd e~ }bj+} kfea} }la {bqì `bbh fy ea fji }aa ylfy k`fza btas e~ a~a}

% N {f} dbmq}ai bj yla yf}h N mbeenyyai yb dnjn}lnjk fji jby bj injjas bsyla kfea*

]la+i f}h ea }beaylnjk fji N+i }f~, #Ql*** {lfy Lbja~2#

N lfi jb niaf {lfy }la }fni yb ea*

]ambji, N lfi {snyyaj ib{j {lfy ny {f} N {fjyai yb fmmbew`n}lcadbsa N }yfsyai ny % {laylas ny {f} dnjn}lnjk qw f wsboamy bs iata`bwnjk fja{ wsbiqmy*

N oq}y ybbh f }newà ~a``b{ wfi fji {sbya {lfy e~ niaf {f}, {lfy Nylbqkly ny {bqì `bbh `nha fji {lfy yla saf` cajadny {bqì ca yb e~cq~as}*

Ylfy+} ny***

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‐N kby ny bqy bd e~ lafi fji {sbya e~ niaf bj f }laay bd wfwas*―

N }ftai f`` bd yla}a }laay} bd wfwas btas yla ~afs} fji yb e~ qyyas fefzaeajy ATAS^YLNJK N lfi {snyyaj bj ylae lfta mbea njyb saf`ny~&

Atas~ niaf N {sbya ib{j fji }haymlai bqy lf} cambea SAF@NY^*

Ny c`b{} e~ enji*

N àfsjai ylfy niaf} fsa SAF@*** nd ~bq csnjk ylae bqy njyb yla saf`{bsì c~ {snynjk ylae ib{j*** bj f }newà wnama bd wfwas* Ny CAMBEA]SAF@ {laj ~bq ]AA ny nj [SNYNJK* Ylnjk} }yfsy yb lfwwaj* [ansi, cqyysqa*

N+e }yn`` f cny }lbmhai***

Ylnsi, N ày jbylnjk }ybw ea* Jby mbewqyas tnsq}a}, jby yla {afylas,jby njyassqwynbj}, jby cfi ebbi}, jby mbì}, jby fj~ylnjk*

Nd N inij+y daa` `nha {bshnjk bj e~ wsboamy} N oq}y }f~ yb e~}a`d, #Ibny fj~{f~#*

Nd N lfi f mbì bs f }bsa cfmh dsbe ~fsi {bsh bs wfnjynjk fji inij+y

{fjy yb {bsh bj ny N+i }f~ yb e~}a`d, #Ib ny fj~{f~#*

Fji N ini ny*

@f}y`~, fji yln} n} yla CNK }amsay N àfsjai?

^bq fji N lfta iqf` was}bjf`nyna} ?.

Bja }nia bd ~bqs}a`d `bta} yb CQ^ }yqdd* Yln} }nia bd ~bq {fjy} yb cadq`dn`ài fji cq~njk ylnjk} la`w} yb dq`dn`` ~bqs {fjy} fji jaai}*

Jbylnjk {sbjk {nyl ylfy*

Yla bylas }nia bd ~bq, yla }nia ylfy {fjy} yb efha ebja~ n}INDDASAJY*

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^bq }aa, N+ta dbqji ylfy ylasa n} f }nia yb ~bqs}a`d ylfy mfj ca+}{nymlai+ bj*** fji mfj fqybefynmf``~ efha ~bq ebja~ nd ~bq qjias}yfjiylfy ny n} ylasa*

Ny+} qjmbedbsyfcà fy dns}y, cqy `fyas ~bq+`` }aa ylfy {nylbqy yln} }niabd ~bqs was}bjf`ny~ ~bq+`` jatas efha fj~ ebja~ nj cq}nja}}*

N dns}y in}mbtasai yln} }nia bd e~}a`d {laj e~ cfmh {f} yb yla{f``*** fji N jaaiai yb efha }bea ebja~ bs N+i aji qw `b}njk e~ lbq}a*

Ylfy+} {lfy ny ybbh dbs ea yb dnji ny*

Ibj+y {fny ybb `bjk dbs ~bq yb dnji ny*

N mf`` ny f +}fà} was}bjf`ny~+* N lfta f }nia ylfy `bta} yb cq~+dq`dn`ài+. fji N lfta f }nia jb{ ylfy N dbqji ny. ylfy `bta} yb }a``*

Cqy N f`}b in}mbtasai ylfy }a``njk n} JBY fcbqy ebja~*

@ay ea sawafy ylfy, #]a``njk n} JBY fcbqy ebja~#*

[a``, ny n} }bsy bd*** cqy ny+} ebsa fcbqy dnjinjk yla wsbiqmy} fji}astnma} ylfy wabwà [FJY fji yla ysnkkas} ylfy efha ylae CQ^ jb{*

Bjma ~bq eaay ~bqs }fà} was}bjf`ny~, fji fmmawy yln} +}nia+ bd ~bqs}a`d ~bq+`` qjias}yfji, dnjf``~ {lfy lf} caaj en}}njk nj ~bqscq}nja}}*

Eb}y cq}nja}} b{jas} `bta yla cq}nja}} yla~ fsa nj%cqy LFYAwsb}wamynjk fji lfya }a``njk*

N ibj+y c`fea ylae* N lfyai }a``njk ybb, qjyn` N qjias}ybbi ylfy}a``njk n} jby fcbqy ebja~ ” jbwa % ny+} fcbqy la`wnjk bylas wabwàkayynjk dq`dn`ài fji la`wnjk ylae kay {lfy yla~ {fjy*

Ebja~ n} }new`~ yla cajmlefsh ~bq q}a yb eaf}qsa lb{ {a`` ~bq+saibnjk la`wnjk bylas wabwà kay {lfy yla~ {fjy*

@ay ea sawafy ylfy, #Ebja~ n} }new`~ yla cajmlefsh ~bq q}a yb

eaf}qsa lb{ {a`` ~bq+sa ibnjk la`wnjk bylas wabwà kay {lfy yla~ {fjy*#

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^bqs `fmh bd ebja~ n} bj`~ fj njinmfynbj ~bq lfta jby dbqji bqylb{ yb la`w bylas wabwà kay {lfy yla~ {fjy*

Yla vqa}ynbj n} lb{ ib ~bq }{nyml yb yln} }nia bd ~bqs was}bjf`ny~2

Ny+} f ybqkl }{nyml**** N {bj+y }qkfs mbfy ny*

Ny eafj} YLNJHNJK fcbqy {lfy bylas wabwà {fjy dbs f mlfjka,nj}yafi bd ylnjhnjk fcbqy {lfy ^BQ {fjy f`` yla ynea* Ylnjhnjk fcbqy{lfy ^BQ {fjy f`` yla ynea n} ~bqs CQÂS was}bjf`ny~, jby ~bqs ]A@@NJKwas}bjf`ny~&.

Ny+} ylnjhnjk fcbqy lb{ ~bq mfj LA@W bylas wabwà fji kay wfni ybla`w ylae ~bq+sa jby f jbj%wsbdny fdyas f`` ?.

Ny+} fcbqy ylnjhnjk, fy ynea}, fcbqy lb{ yb safml ~bqs njmbea kbf`}bja eaf}qsaeajy bd ~bqs }qmma}}. fji {lfy ~bq lfta yb ib àkf``~ fjiaylnmf``~. yb efha ~bqs kbf`}*

Ny+} fcbqy ylnjhnjk fcbqy +tf`qa+*** lb{ yb msafya tf`qa, lb{ yb cqnìf tf`qa wsbwb}nynbj fji lb{ yb efha ~bqs bddas} mbewàya`~ nssa}n}yncàcamfq}a ~bq HJB[ ylfy ~bqs wsbiqmy {n`` LA@W }beabja {nyl f wsbcàeyla~ fsa lftnjk***

Ylfy+} f`}b {bsyl sawafynjk, #^bqs wsbiqmy} }lbqì la`w wabwà}b`ta f wsbcàe yla~ fsa lftnjk#*

La`wnjk bylas}, bs kntnjk ylae {lfy yla~ {fjy, f} wfsy bd f +tf`qa+a|mlfjka n} {lfy cq}nja}} n} f`` fcbqy*

Ebsa nj yla ja|y mlfwyas․

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Mlfwyas 9? Fsa ^bq Yla M~jnmf` Y~wa2 Ea Ybb.

Nj yla `f}y mlfwyas N ybì ~bq fcbqy e~ +saf`+ }amsay yb }qmma}}*

Ny {f} dnjinjk e~ +}fà} was}bjf`ny~+ % yla }nia ylfy `bta} yb la`wbylas wabwà kay {lfy yla~ {fjy*

Ylfy+} {lfy }a``njk SAF@@^ n}*** yla wsbcàe n} eb}y wabwà ib jby}aa ny yln} {f~*

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Nd ~bq+sa f cq~as fji ~bq }aa f +}fà} wnyml+ ~bqs dns}y safmynbj n},#La+} oq}y ys~njk yb }a`` ea }beaylnjk yb efha ebja~ }b yla wsbiqmyeq}y jby ca fj~ kbbi*#

N+e m~jnmf` ybb* [nyl f`` yla efshaynjk ea}}fka} {a fsa cbecfsiai{nyl atas~if~, }hawynmn}e n} jbsef` 8%.

Fji, dbs eb}y bddas}, ~bq+sa wsbcfc`~ snkly yb ca }hawynmf` ***

Cqy ylaj ylasa fsa }bea bddas} ylfy }aae saf``~ kajqnja*** ylasa+}}beaylnjk fcbqy yla bddas ylfy `b{as} ~bqs jfyqsf` iadaj}a} fji kay} ~bqa|mnyai*** bs fy àf}y +njyasa}yai+ nj yla bddas*

[lfy efha} yla inddasajma2

]njmasny~, lbja}y~, ysqyl*** {a``, ~a}*

Cqy ylasa n} f`}b f +saf`ja}}+ fcbqy yla was}bj {lb {sbya yla bddas~bq+sa safinjk*

Yla~ fsa /ca`natfcà/, bs /saf`/*

^bq kay yb hjb{ yla was}bj % yla~ ya`` ~bq fcbqy ylae}a`ta} fjiefha ~bq daa` `nha ~bq +hjb{+ ylae fji ~bq daa` `nha yla~ fsa {snynjk yb

~bq, was}bjf``~*

Yla {snyas }f~} ylnjk} nj f masyfnj {f~ ylfy efha ~bq ca`nata {lfyla n} ya``njk ~bq % la+} msaincà fji mbjtnjmnjk*

YLFY n} }a``njk* Nd ~bq+sa {snynjk }fà} àyyas} lasa+} yla }amsay ~bqjaai yb haaw nj dsbjy bd ~bq?

]a``njk n} f`` fcbqy msafynjk f sa`fynbj}lnw {nyl ~bqs safias*

^bq sataf` }beaylnjk was}bjf`*** ~bq sataf` ylfy ~bq+sa jby

+wasdamy+, ylfy ~bq lfta dfq`y} ybb*

^bq+sa +saf`+*

^bq aewfylnza {nyl ~bqs safias* ^bq ylaj sataf` }beaylnjk fcbqyylae yb ày ylae hjb{ ~bq saf``~ HJB[ ylae ybb*

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Lb{ mfj ~bq sataf` }beaylnjk fcbqy /ylae/2

^bq ibj+y HJB[ {lb yla~ fsa2 ^bq+sa {snynjk yb 6,777 wabwà %LB[ mfj ~bq sataf` }beaylnjk fcbqy ylae22

[a``, nd ~bq mfj+y, ~bq ibj+y hjb{ ~bqs efshay*

^bqs efshay }lfsa} mbeebj wsbcàe} fji wfnj} fji ~bq jaai ybSAENJI ylae {lfy yla~ fsa cadbsa ~bq mfj }a`` ylae fj~ylnjk*

^bq jaai yb HJB[ ~bqs efshay*** cadbsa {snynjk fj~ylnjk*

[l~2

Camfq}a ~bqs wsbiqmy bs }astnma n} kbnjk yb ]B@TA ylfy wsbcàe bsLAF@ ylfy wfnj yla~ lfta*

Fji nd ~bq ibj+y hjb{ {lfy ~bqs efshay {fjy}, {lfy wsbcàe} yla~fsa lftnjk fji {lfy knta} ylae wfnj ylaj ~bq lfta jb efshay bs ~bq„sanj yla {sbjk efshay*

^bqs efshay n} f }wamndnm ksbqw bd wabwà {lb

}lfsa f wsbcàe, wfnj bs iaaw ia}nsa*

Nj eb}y mf}a} ~bqs ca}y efshay n} yla bja ~bq fsa f`}b nj* @ay eaa|w`fnj*

‣ [lfy {f} yla `f}y wsbcàe ~bq„ta }b`tai2

‣ [lfy {f} yla `f}y qskajy inddnmq`y~ ~bq mbjvqasai2

‣ Fsa ~bq lftnjk f wsbcàe snkly jb{ ylfy ~bq„sa }aahnjk f}b`qynbj dbs2

YLA]A fsa ~bqs efshay}* ^bq„ta caaj ylsbqkl yla wfnj, fji dbqjif }b`qynbj* N cay ylbq}fji} bd bylas wabwà lfta lfi yla }fea wsbcàe,fji yla~ {bqì `bta yb lafs fcbqy ~bqs }b`qynbj*

Bs nd ~bq lftaj„y dbqji f }b`qynbj ~ay, {lfy “sa}bqsma}„ lfta ~bqdbqji ylfy ~bq mfj }lfsa {nyl bylas} {lb fsa }yn`` }ysqkk`njk {nyl ylfywsbcàe2

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Yla wsbcàe} ~bq„ta btasmbea bs fsa kbnjk ylsbqkl snkly jb{ n}yla ca}y efshay nj yla {bsì, camfq}a ~bq fsa nj ylfy efshay&

Ylaj ~bq dnji f wsbiqmy bs }astnma ylfy }b`ta} yla wsbcàe, laf`}yla wfnj bs }fyn}dna} yla iaaw ia}nsa yla~ f`` }lfsa nj mbeebj oq}y f} nylf} dbs ~bq*

Yla }fà} mbea {laj ~bq mbjtnjma bylas} {nyl yla }fea wsbcàe~bq„ta lfi, ca~bji f saf}bjfcà ibqcy, ylfy yla wsbiqmy ~bq„tain}mbtasai {n`` }b`ta, laf` bs }fyn}d~ ylae nj }bea {f~*

Fji yb ya`` yla ysqyl*** ~bq ibj+y ataj lfta yb ca /ylfy/ kbbi ybefha }fà} fji efha `by} bd ebja~*

Ataj nd ~bqs efshaynjk fji }fà} ea}}fka} }ynjh, fji ~bq ibj„ymbjtnjma fj~bja yb cq~ ~bqs wsbiqmy bs bja ylfy ~bq sambeeaji f} fj “fddn`nfya„ ․ ~bq mfj }yn`` efha f ybj bd ebja~ nd ~bq ib oq}y BJA ylnjk***BJA ylnjk ylfy >>! bd f`` cq}nja}} b{jas} JATAS ib, bs nd yla~ ib ny,yla~ ib JBY ib ny mbssamy`~*

Yla +}amsay+ yb YLFY }yfyaeajy {n`` ca satafài nj yla JA\Y mlfwyas8%.

F saf` m`nddlfjkas, lql2

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Mlfwyas 1? Nd ^bq Ibj+y ]qmmaai Fy Dns}y, Ibj+y[bss~&***

Nj yla `f}y da{ mlfwyas} N }ajy N ybì ~bq fcbqy e~ +saf`+ }amsay} yb}qmma}}*

E~ `f}y bja ajiai {nyl?

#Fji yb ya`` yla ysqyl*** ~bq ibj+y ataj lfta yb ca ylfy kbbi ybefha }fà} fji efha `by} bd ebja~***#

Fji***

#Ataj nd ~bqs efshaynjk fji }fà} ea}}fka} }ynjh, ~bq mfj }yn``

efha f ybj bd ebja~ nd ~bq ib oq}y BJA ylnjk*** BJA ylnjk ylfy >>! bd

f`` cq}nja}} b{jas} JATAS ib, bs nd yla~ ib ny, yla~ ib JBY ib ny mbssamy`~*#

@ay ea knta ~bq f cny bd cfmhksbqji lasa camfq}a N ylnjh ~bq ef~jby qjias}yfji yla dq`` new`nmfynbj} bd {lfy N {n`` sataf` yb ~bq {nylbqy ny*

Dns}y, {laj N {f} kayynjk }yfsyai nj cq}nja}} N ysnai oq}y fcbqyfj~ylnjk àkf`. yb efha ebja~*

]atasf` ~afs} fkb N ysnai }a``njk }bea fqinb yfwa} dsbe f dfebq}fqinb wsbksfe wqc`n}las* Yla wsbksfe} {asa ksafy& N `btai ylae* N {f}fcà yb kay ylae {lbà}fà nd N wqsmlf}ai ylae nj `by} bd = bs ebsa*

N wqy ybkaylas f mfyf`bk fji }ajy ylae yb 177 cq}nja}}wsbda}}nbjf`} nj e~ fsaf*

[lfy lfwwajai2

Jbylnjk*

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Jby f }njkà mf``* Jby f }njkà }fà*

Bh*** #jb wsbcàe#, N }fni, #N+`` ys~ }beaylnjk a`}a#*

N {f} ysfta`njk jafs Ja{ ^bsh Mny~ fji }ybwwai nj f `nyyà msfdy}}ybsa*

Yla }ybsa lfi yla}a saf``~ mqya {bbiaj sfccny yb~} ylfy lfi {laa`}fji {asa bj yla aji bd f }ynmh ylfy ~bq mbqì q}a yb +{f`h+ ~bqs sfccny*[laj ~bq {f`hai ~bqs sfccny, yla {laa`} ebtai yla lnji àk} qw fjiib{j oq}y `nha f saf` sfccny&

N ylbqkly ylfy {f} f saf``~ mqya yb~ fji ny {f} saf``~ dqj +{f`hnjk+

~bqs sfccny fsbqji yla }ybsa*

N cbqkly bja*

N ybbh ny lbea fji ylbqkly fcbqy ny dbs f {lnà fji iamniai yb mbw~yla +niaf+ *** cqy nj}yafi bd fj sfccny N efia +iqmh}+*** yla~ lfi `nyyà+d`fw}+ bj yla {laa`} {asa yla daay }lbqì ca fji {laj ~bq +{f`hai+ ylaeyla~ {fiiài oq}y `nha f saf` iqmh&

N ybbh ylae yb f `nyyà msfdy} fji kndy }ybsa nj e~ fsaf fji }lb{ai

ylae yb yla b{jas*

La `btai ylae&

La w`fmai fj bsias dbs 17 ylfy }fea if~ fji la }fni, nd yla~ ini{a``, la {bqì bsias ebsa* N ybì lne ylfy N fwwsamnfyai ln} bsias fjiylfy N {bqì ca cfmh nj bja {aah {nyl ln} iqmh}*

N inij+y ataj kay f iawb}ny& N {f} ybb a|mnyai N kqa}} fji dbskby*** N{f} ylsn`ài&

[b{*** fj bsias dbs 17, e~ dns}y if~&

N {f} }b a|mnyai N {ajy }ysfnkly lbea fji, fdyas yla a|mnyaeajy lfiin}}nwfyai, N ylbqkly fcbqy ny dbs f enjqya fji saf`nzai lb{ `bjk ny {bqìyfha ea yb efha 17 bd yla}a +{f`hnjk+ iqmh}&

Lb{ {bqì N ATAS dn`` yln} bsias dbs 17 iqmh} nj bj`~ f {aah&

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Ny ybbh ea yla cayyas wfsy bd f if~ oq}y yb efha BJA&

Jb{ N {f} bj`~ 6< bs 6> fy yla ynea fji vqnmh`~ {ajy yb yla bj`~was}bj N hja{ {lb {f} yla àf}y cny eamlfjnmf` bs lfji~ % e~ dfylas*

N }fni, #Ifi, yla kbbi ja{} n} N }bì 17 bd yla}a& Yla cfi ja{} n} %lb{ fe N kbnjk yb efha 17 nj f {aah2 Ny ybbh ea f`` if~ oq}y yb efhabja&#

La ylbqkly fcbqy ny dbs f {lnà fji }fni, #[a``, yla dns}y ylnjk ~bqjaai yb ib n} efha +yaew`fya}+ dbs f`` yla mbewbjajy} ylfy efha qw bja+iqmh+* Ylaj, nj}yafi bd mqyynjk bja wfsy fy f ynea, mqy 17 bd afml wfsy fybja ynea*#

Efia }aj}a yb ea*** N efia yla yaew`fya}, mqy bqy 17 wnama} bd afml wfsy fy bja ynea nj}yafi bd bja fy f ynea, fji N kby yla ajynsa bsiasmbewàyai bj ynea&

N ia`ntasai yla iqmh} yb yla }ybsa fji {laj yla }ybsa b{jas }f{ylae la {f} tas~ lfww~& F} N {f} qj`bfinjk ylae bqy bd e~ mfs. la lfi}bì 3 bd ylae yb wabwà nj ln} }lbw cadbsa N dnjn}lai }ayynjk ylae qw&

La mfea btas yb yf`h yb ea fji }fni, #@n}yaj, N lfta f }ybsa nj Mfwa

Mbi ybb* N+i `nha yb w`fma fj bsias dbs 677* Lb{ }bbj mfj ~bq kay ylae ybea2#

Jb{ ylfy N lfi f +}~}yae+ nj w`fma dbs efhnjk ylae N }fni, #Bja{aah#* La wfni ea dbs yla 17 iqmh} N ia`ntasai ylfy if~ fji kfta ea f17! +iawb}ny+ bj yla 677 yb ca ia`ntasai nj bja {aah*

Efj& N efia }bea saf` ebja~ nj cq}nja}}& Yln} {f} ksafy&

N {ajy lbea a|mnyai fkfnj*** cqy ylaj ny bmmqssai yb ea, #Nd ny ybbhea f {aah yb ib 17, ataj {nyl e~ }~}yae, lb{ {n`` N wb}}nc`~ efha

6772#

Fkfnj, N {ajy yb e~ dfylas dbs fitnma* La ylbqkly fcbqy ny dbs f{lnà fji }fni, #N {f} fy yln} {bsh}lbw yla bylas if~ {lasa yla~ aew`b~lfjinmfwwai wabwà* Yln} }lbw lfi {bbi%{bshnjk ybb`} fji ef~ca yla~mbqì mqy yla wnama} ~bq jaai nj ylans }lbw, ylaj f`` ~bq {bqì lfta yb ibn} f}}aecà fji dnjn}l ylae*#

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[b{***{lfy f ksafy niaf&

N {ajy yb yla }lbw fji f}hai nd yla~ ini fj~ bqy}nia +mbjysfmy+ {bsh*Yla~ ini&

N }lb{ai yla }lbw dbsaefj e~ +yaew`fya}+ fji kfta lne ylaineaj}nbj} bd yla wnama} fji la }fni #jb wsbcàe#* La vqbyai ea f wsnmafji ny {f} tas~ saf}bjfcà }b N kfta lne yla bsias*

[nylnj 3 if~} la ia`ntasai f`` yla wnama} N jaaiai yb f}}aecà 677mbewàya iqmh}&

[nylnj ; if~} N ia`ntasai f`` 677 iqmh} yb yla }ybsa*

Fkfnj, yla b{jas {f} ylsn`ài fji wfni ea yla cf`fjma bd yla bsiasbj yla }wby*

La }fni la f`safi~ }ajy =7 bs }b iqmh} la lfi dsbe `f}y {aah}bsias ib{j yb ln} Mfwa Mbi }ybsa fji yla~ }bì bqy {nylnj 3 if~}&

Bja bd yla cq~as} {f} yla Mlnad Eainmf` Bddnmas fy [f`yas SaaiFse~ Eainmf` Majyas nj [f}lnjkybj IM&

Yla }ybsa b{jas }fni yla Ibmybs hawy ny nj ln} bddnma fji {f`h} ln}+iqmh+ f} f {f~ bd saiqmnjk }ysa}} nj ln} obc*

Ksafy niaf N ylbqkly&

Btas yla mbqs}a bd yla ja|y ~afs N }bì ylbq}fji} bd iqmh} nj e~fsaf yb wabwà {lb q}ai ylae f} kndy} fji +}ysa}} saiqmas}+ nj ylansbddnma}*

[lfy+} e~ wbnjy2

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6. Ybbh fmynbj ylasa„} ylfy {bsi fkfnj. bj fj niaf

3. [f} cbì ajbqkl yb }yfsy fmyqf``~ }a``njk yla wsbiqmy=. F}hai bylas wabwà {lfy yb ib {laj N kby }yqmh

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Fji ~bq hjb{ {lfy, N inij+y lfta yb {snya f }fà} àyyas fji N inij+yhjb{ f ylnjk fcbqy +efshaynjk+*

Cqy N lfi f +lby+ wsbiqmy fji f efshay ylfy {f} safi~ yb cq~ ny*

]b {lfy+} yla*** #BJA ylnjk ylfy >>! bd f`` cq}nja}} b{jas} JATASib, bs nd yla~ ib ny, yla~ ib JBY ib ny mbssamy`~*#2

Yla~ ibj+y }a`` {lfy wabwà {fjy*

Yla~ }a`` }yqdd ylfy jb bja {fjy} oq}y `nha N ini {laj N ysnai }a``njkylb}a fqinb wsbksfe}*

Jb{ ~bq mfj y{n}y fji yqsj fji mlfjka ~bqs efshaynjk ea}}fka }b

ylfy ~bqs wsbiqmy n} cayyas wb}nynbjai, cqy `n}yaj qw?

Nd jb bja [FJY] ny, ny n}j+y fj~ kbbi* ]ybw }a``njk ny fji dnji

}beaylnjk a`}a yb }a`` ylfy+} cayyas&

Ylfy+} {lfy N ini% N }ybwwai }a``njk yla fqinb wsbksfe} fji dbqji}beaylnjk cayyas&

Yla bj`~ {f~ yb ya`` nd }beabja {fjy} {lfy ~bq+sa }a``njk n} yb kay nynj dsbjy bd f} efj~ wabwà f} ~bq mfj [LB FSA @NHA@^ wsb}wamy}, dbs f}

`nyyà ebja~ f} wb}}ncà, fji }aa nd yla~ cq~ ny***

Nd yla~ IBJ+Y*** ylaj ebta bj fji }a`` }beaylnjk a`}a*

@ay ea sawafy ylfy,

#Nd ajbqkl saf` wbyajynf` wsb}wamy} }aa~bqs wsbiqmy ylfy ~bq lfta fmmqsfya`~

ia}msncai lb{ ny {n`` cajadny ylae fjiyla~ }yn`` IBJ+Y cq~ ~bqs wsbiqmy***

ylaj ebta bj fji }a`` }beaylnjk a`}a&#

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Ylasa fsa }bea ylnjk} ylfy wabwà oq}y ib jby {fjy, fji ~bq ef~lfta bja bd ylae 8%.

@nda n} ybb }lbsy yb }a`` ylnjk} jb bja {fjy}***}b ebta bj fji }a``}beaylnjk yla~ IB {fjy*

Nd yla~ IB cq~ ny*** ylaj yla ja|y Mlfwyas {n`` la`w ~bq efha ylaef|neqe febqjy bd ebja~ wb}}ncà af}n`~ fji fqybefynmf``~*

]yf~ yqjai***

Mlfwyas 4? [lasa yla Saf` Wsbdny} Fsa Nj Cq}nja}}

Nj yla `f}y Mlfwyas N }lfsai {nyl ~bq yla niaf ylfy?

#Yla bj`~ {f~ yb ya`` nd }beabja {fjy} {lfy ~bq+sa }a``njk n}yb kay ny nj dsbjy bd f} efj~ wabwà f} ~bq mfj [LB FSA

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@NHA@^ wsb}wamy}, dbs f} `nyyà ebja~ f} wb}}ncà, fji }aa nd yla~ cq~ ny***

Nd yla~ IBJ+Y*** ylaj ebta bj fji }a`` }beaylnjk a`}a*

Nd yla~ IB cq~ ny*** ylaj ybebssb{} ea}}fka {n`` la`w ~bq efha ylaef|neqe febqjy bd ebja~ wb}}ncà*# %%%%%%%%

BH*** kay safi~ fji `n}yaj mfsadq``~***

Yla saf` wsbdny} nj ~bqs cq}nja}} {n`` ca efia c~?

6* Kayynjk ebsa wsb}wamy} yb njvqnsa fcbqy ~bqs wsbiqmy}

fji }astnma}․

3* ]a``njk eq`ynwà wsbiqmy} yb yla }fea cq~as} btas f `bjkwasnbi bd ynea,

=* Kayynjk ylae yb cq~ lnklas%wsnmai wsbiqmy} }qml f}

mbfmlnjk, }aenjfs}, aym.

Nj bsias yb ib ylfy ~bq jaai yb knta wsb}wamy} fji mq}ybeas} fjf{a}bea a|wasnajma {laj yla~ ib cq~ }beaylnjk dsbe ~bq*

Nd ~bq }bì ylae f cbbh bj #lb{ yb efha ebja~ bj`nja# ~bq cayyas

knta ylae }beaylnjk yla~ lftaj+y safi fcbqy cadbsa dsbe 677 bylaswabwà }a``njk cbbh} bj #lb{ yb efha ebja~ bj`nja#& fji njm`qia }beaqjnvqa cbjq}a} %jby yla }fea cbjq}a} atas~bja a`}a n} q}njk*

â}, ylb}a +sa}fà snkly+ knta%f{f~ acbbh} mbqì ca hn``njk ~bqs}fà} nd ~bq q}a ylae f} cbjq}a} camfq}a atas~bja f`safi~ lf} ylae*

[laj ~bq ib knta ~bqs mq}ybeas} ebsa ylfj yla~ a|wamy ~bq+`ìsfefynmf``~ njmsaf}a ylans `ndaynea tf`qa f} f mq}ybeas fji ylfy+} {lasayla saf` ebja~ n}*

[lfy ib N eafj c~ +`ndaynea tf`qa bd f mq}ybeas+2

Dbs a|fewà, }beabja bj ~bqs `n}y {n`` cq~ bja bd ~bqs `b{as wsnmaiwsbiqmy} dbs )3>, ylaj, nd yla~ `nha ylfy fji ~bq ysq`~ ia`ntasai ebsatf`qa ylfj yla~ ylbqkly yla~ {bqì kay, yla~ ef~ mbj}nias ~bqs )977wsbiqmy, fji ylaj nd yla~ `nha ylfy yla~ {n`` fyyaji ~bqs }aenjfs bs obnj~bqs mbfmlnjk wsbksfe dbs )3,177( aym, aym***

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Yla~ ef~ f`}b cq~ bylas `b{%wsnmai wsbiqmy} dsbe ~bq btas ylans`ndaynea {lnml f`}b njmsaf}a} ylans tf`qa yb ~bq*

Jb{, ~bq ef~ lfta lafsi yln} f`safi~% ylfy yla saf` ebja~ n} nj+sawafy+ cq}nja}} % {a`` lasa+} f }amsay fcbqy kayynjk +sawafy+ cq}nja}}***yla bja N }fni {n`` la`w ~bq #efha yla ef|neqe febqjy bd ebja~wb}}nc`a#?

Db``b{%qw* Db``b{%qw* Db``b{%qw* Db``b{%qw* Db``b{%qw*

F saf` }amsay lql2

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mq}ybeas dbs yla dns}y ynea, cqy yla~ lfta JB }~}yae nj w`fma yb db``b{%qw{nyl ylae*

[l~ {bq`i ~bq {fjy yb db``b{%qw {nyl ylae2

Yb }a`` ylae ebsa }yqdd, bd mbqs}a 8%.

Ylfy+} {l~ N `bta yla Njyasjay*

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Fji, yla~ fsa `b}njk ybj} fji ybj} bd ebja~*

Nd ~bq+sa ibnjk fj~ hnji bd cq}nja}} bj bs bdd yla Njyasjay. ~bqjaai f db``b{%qw }~}yae*

Nd ~bqs cq}nja}} n} jby bj yla Njyasjay bs ~bq+sa jby q}njk ylaaddnmnajm~ bd yla Njyasjay yb db``b{%qw fqybefynmf``~ {nyl ~bqs wsb}wamy}fji mq}ybeas} ylaj ~bq+sa en}}njk bqy bj f `by bd wsbdny fji a|ysfcq}nja}}*

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Ny+} jby fcbqy +{ac}nya}+*** {ac}nya} efha ~bq jb ebja~ fy f``* Yla~fsa fj a|waj}a, qjà}} ~bq q}a ylae yb mfwyqsa àfi}, fqybefya ~bqsdb``b{%qw fji m`b}a }fà}*

Ataj nd ~bq lfta f +csnmh} fji ebsyfs+ cq}nja}} `nha f kndy }lbw bssayfn` m`bylnjk }ybsa, ~bq jaai yb haaw nj mbj}yfjy mbjyfmy {nyl ~bqsmq}ybeas}* Nd ~bq+sa jby q}njk fj aefn` fqybsa}wbjias bs f “}~}yae„ ybdb``b{%qw {nyl ~bqs mq}ybeas} fji wsb}wamy} `nha ]ajiBqyEfknm*mbe{lnml }aji} bqy efshaynjk ea}}fka} dbs ~bq nj yla efn`, fqybefynmf``~ %N kqfsfjyaa 677! ~bq fsa `b}njk ebja~ yb f mbewaynybs*

Nj e~ ja|y à}}bj N+e kbnjk yb ya`` ~bq }beaylnjk N+ta jatas ybìfj~bja cadbsa*** jby ataj yb }yqiajy} {lb lfta wfni f} eqml f} )>>; dbse~ a|m`q}nta bj`nja ysfnjnjk mbqs}a*

Ylasa fsa bj`~ 3 Mlfwyas} àdy*** fji yla `f}y bja+} f hn`às&

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Mlfwyas ;? Yla LQKA En}yfha N Efia

Nj yla `f}y Mlfwyas N ybì ~bq ylfy,

#N+e kbnjk yb ya`` ~bq }beaylnjk N+ta jatas ybì fj~bja

cadbsa*** jby ataj yb }yqiajy} nj e~ bj`nja ysfnjnjk mbqs}a*#

Dns}y, ày ea ya`` ~bq f ysqa }ybs~*

E~ tas~ dns}y }qmma}}dq` cq}nja}}, {f} ibnjk bii obc} dbs wabwàfsbqji e~ mbeeqjny~*

N {f} 69 ~afs} bì fy yla ynea*

N fitasyn}ai nj yla `bmf` wfwas* Nd N samf`` mbssamy`~ yla m`f}}ndnai fi}fni, #N+`` ib fj~ylnjk ~bq jaai fsbqji yla lbq}a* Màfj, wnmh%qw ysf}l*Fj~ylnjk* Mf`` ;\\%\\\\#

N kby mf``} snkly f{f~ fji `by} bd obc}* Eb}y`~ obc} jb bja {fjyai`nha màfjnjk bqy kfscfka dsbe sajyf` fwfsyeajy} bs cfmh~fsi} dq`` bd ysf}l* N mlfskai c~ yla obc fji efia }bea wsayy~ kbbi ebja~ ylfy}qeeas*

[laj N jaaiai la`w bj f cnkkas obc, N+i aj`n}y yla la`w bd }bea bd e~ dsnaji} fji {a+i }w`ny yla ebja~*

Ylaj N kby cq}~ {nyl }beaylnjk a`}a fji }ybwwai ibnjk ny*

E~ ja|y cq}nja}} {f} f wqc`nmfynbj e~ csbylas fji N wqy ybkaylasmf`ài #Mfs}#*

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[a ybbh wnmyqsa} bd mfs} wabwà {fjyai yb }a`` fji wqy ylae nj ylawqc`nmfynbj {nyl = `nja} bd ya|y qjias afml wnmyqsa*

Eb}y bd yla fitasyn}as} {asa `bmf` mfs iafàs}*

E~ csbylas }bì yla fi} fji N ia}nkjai yla wfka}, ybbh yla wnmyqsa}fji +wf}yai qw+ yla wqc`nmfynbj dbs wsnjynjk*

[a kby f }ef`` ja{}wfwas nj f jafs%c~ mbeeqjny~ yb wsnjy yla67,777 mbwna} {a in}ysncqyai* Ca`nata ny bs jby ny mb}y q} oq}y )6;1 dbs67,777 mbwna} bd bqs wqc`nmfynbj, {nyl mb`bs bj yla dsbjy wfka&

Yla wqc`nmfynbj {f} f ksafy }qmma}}* Yla mfs iafàs} `btai ny % }b ny{f} fj af}~ }a``* Ny {f} fjbylas {f~ dbs ylae yb wsbebya ylans mfs}*

E~ csbylas„} ifqklyas kby saf``~, saf``~ }nmh fji la lfi yb }ybw ylacq}nja}} }b la lfi ynea yb yfha las yb m`njnm} fji }wamnf`n}y} }b {a }bìyla cq}nja}} dbs wafjqy}.*

E~ ja|y +cq}nja}}+ {f} f ksfwlnm} cnz* N lf} }bea fsyn}ynm yfàjy fjilfi wfnjyai f `fskas%ylfj%`nda wnmyqsa bd CnkCnsi, dsbe yla ]a}fea ]ysaaymlfsfmyas, bj e~ jnama}+ caisbbe {f``*

Ny `bbhai ksafy& Fji }la `btai ny&

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N kby mf``} fji `by} bd wabwà {fjyai ea yb ib bylas ylnjk} ca}nia}hni} caisbbe} % N kby obc} ibnjk +{f`` ksfwlnm+ ia}nkj} nj hnymlaj}, `ntnjksbbe} fji samsafynbj sbbe}*

N lfi f wsbcàe {nyl bja mq}ybeas fji iamniai yb }ybw ylacq}nja}} fji ebtai bj yb }beaylnjk a`}a*

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[lfy N inij+y ya`` ~bq {f} ylfy fdyas f ~afs bd efhnjk +iqmh}+ N}yfsyai dbmq}njk bj bylas ylnjk} fji ày yla cq}nja}} ina f }`b{ iafylqjyn` ylasa {f} jb ebsa cq}nja}}*

Bja bd yla ylnjk} N àfsjai btas yla ~afs} n} ylfy ~bq mfj lfta fksafy niaf fji fmyqf``~ }yfsy efhnjk ebja~ nj }bea `nyyà lbcc~ bs }ef``cq}nja}} ylaj, dbs {lfyatas saf}bj, ny oq}y ina} camfq}a ~bq knta qw bj nybs ~bq kay saoamyai f da{ ynea} fji }qiiaj`~ ny+} jby +dqj+ fj~ebsa % }b~bq vqny*

Bd mbqs}a, yla cq}nja}}a} N ia}msncai fcbta {asa f`` }yfsyai cadbsaN {f} 37*** }b ef~ca ny {f} oq}y nja|wasnajma bj e~ wfsy*

Cqy ylasa {asa y{b tas~, tas~ newbsyfjy saf}bj} N jatas ybbh yla}a

cq}nja}}a} f} dfs f} N mbqì lfta fji yla}a fsa yla y{b ylnjk} N jatas}lfsai {nyl fj~bja qjyn` jb{ ***

Yla}a y{b saf}bj} ef~ }fta ~bq dsbe f lqka en}yfha nj ~bqs b{jcq}nja}}*

-6 Saf}bj N Vqny Cadbsa N Lfi F Mlfjma Yb ]qmmaai?

‣

N jatas lfi fj~bja N mbqì yqsj yb dbs cq}nja}} fitnma* A|mawydbs e~ dfylas, {lb {f} jby f cq}nja}}efj, N lfi jb bja ybyf`h yb nd N sfj njyb f wsbcàe* N lfi jb ajmbqsfkaeajy fy f``*Nj dfmy, {laj N {f} }qmma}}dq` nj }bea cq}nja}} e~ wfsajy}ylbqkly ny {f} jnma, cqy ysafyai ny f} f lbcc~ fji f}}beaylnjk yb ib qjyn` N ksfiqfyai dsbe mb`àka*

Jb bja saf``~ }fy ea ib{j yb ajmbqsfka ea yb mbjynjqa ny, a|wfjiny bs efha ny }qmma}}}dq` nj fj~{f~*

E~ `nda {bqì lfta caaj eqml, eqml inddasajy ybif~ nd N lfi

}beabja yb yqsj yb dbs saf`%`nda cq}nja}} fitnma*

N inij+y jaai fj~bja yb lbì e~ lfji, cqy eaaynjk {nyl }beabjabjma f ebjyl {lb hja{ {lfy cq}nja}} {f} f`` fcbqy {bqì lfta saf``~la`wai ea*

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-3 Saf}bj N Vqny Cadbsa N Lfi F Mlfjma Yb ]qmmaai?

‣ N {f} ybyf``~ qj%dbmq}ai fji in}ysfmyai* N dbqji }bea}qmma}}, ybbh ny dbs ksfjyai fji {ajy bj yb ib }beaylnjk a`}acadbsa N dq``~ saf`nzai yla wbyajynf` bd yla cq}nja}} N }yfsyai*

Afml bd yla cq}nja}}a} N }yfsyai, efia ebja~*** }bea N `nhai, }beaN inij+y `nha `nha yla màfjnjk obc}.* Cqy N mbqì lfta af}n`~ lnsai}beabja yb ib yla obc} N inij+y {fjy fji N mbqì lfta ksb{j ylae njyb}qc}yfjynf` ajyaswsn}a}&

Cqy, N {f} ybyf``~ qj%dbmq}ai fji ny mb}y ea f `by*

Ylaj, `nda lfwwajai*** N {ajy yb }mlbb`, kby f obc, f mfsaas, kby

efssnai, lfi hni} ․

Bc`nkfynbj}, sa}wbj}ncn`nyna} wqy e~ ajysawsajaqsnf` nj}ynjmy} bjlbì*** qjyn` yla Njyasjay mfea f`bjk 37 ~afs} fdyas e~ `f}y cq}nja}} {f}}yfsyai*

Dbs 3 6"3 ~afs} fdyas }yfsynjk e~ cq}nja}} N }ysqkkài*** fèb}y ybyla wbnjy bd cfjhsqwym~*

[lfy N+ta {snyyaj fcbqy nj yla `f}y da{ mlfwyas} N lbwa {n`` haaw

~bq dsbe sqnj*** fji nd ~bq+sa bj yla csnjh bd ny snkly jb{ f} }b efj~}qc}msncas} lfta ybì ea yla~ fsa. ylaj yfha {lfy N fe fcbqy yb }lfsa{nyl ~bq nj yla ja|y àyyas yb +lafsy+*

F`}b, ~bq jaai yb safi yla ‐W]― fdyas yla aji bd Mlfwyas < tas~mfsadq``~ camfq}a N }lb{ ~bq a|fmy`~ lb{ N {f} fcà yb cqnì e~cq}nja}}*

Ylaj, yla ‐Cbjq}― }amynbj knta} ~bq }wamndnm ebja~%efhnjk niaf}~bq mfj q}a yb msafya f cq}nja}}* N satafài f jqecas bd lnkl%wbyajynf`niaf} nj fj njyastna{ N ini {nyl e~ dsnaji, ]mbyy Db}yas* Ylfy {n`` la`w ~bq

dnjf``~ }yfsy yb yfha fmynbj camfq}a ~bq„`` lfta f }wamndnm w`fj yb kay}yfsyai bj&

Nj yla ja|y mlfwyas, N+e kbnjk yb }lfsa {nyl ~bq yla fc}b`qya ysqyl,`nha ~bq+ta jatas lafsi ny cadbsa, fcbqy lb{ yb “ylnjh„ fcbqy }qmma}}cf}ai bj e~ b{j was}bjf` a|wasnajma*

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Mlfwyas <? [lfy2 Dfn` Df}yas Dbs ]qmma}}2

Yln} n} ~bqs `f}y @a}}bj&

N lbwa ~bq lfta ajob~ai ylae fji wsbdnyai dsbe ylae&

Ybif~+} @a}}bj n} f `nyy`a inddasajy* Nj}yafi bd }lb{njk ~bq lb{ yb}qmmaai, N+e kbnjk yb }lb{ ~bq lb{ yb dfn`*

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N ylnjh ~bq jaai yb àfsj fcbqy +dfn`qsa+ fji {lfy yb ftbni, cadbsa~bq mfj ca }qmma}}dq`*

[l~2

Camfq}a, ~bq+`` ca f `by m`b}as yb }qmma}} nd ~bq àfsj lb{ ybdfn`, fji dfn` df}y*** fji ebsa newbsyfjy`~ lb{ jby yb ca fdsfni yb

dfn`* Jatas, atas ca fdsfni yb dfn`*

Ny ybbh ea yla `bjka}y ynea yb dnkqsa yln} bqy }b wàf}a, N+e

jby C]+njk ~bq lasa, N+e }ysfnkly qw*** yln} n} f efyyas bd `nda fjiiafyl*

@ay ea a|w`fnj***

^bq lfta bja `nda, bja mlfjma yb ib }beaylnjk {nyl ny*

Cqy nd ~bq ibj+y dfn` atas, bs fsa fdsfni yb dfn`, ~bq+`` ca dbsatas+{fnynjk+ qjyn` ~bq lfta yla wasdamy wsbiqmy, yla wasdamy +}~}yae+, ylawasdamy ynenjk, aym***

Dbskay +wasdamy+*** OQ]Y IB NY*

Atas~bja dfn`}*** yla bj`~ inddasajma cay{aaj ~bq

fji saf``~, saf``~ }qmma}}dq` wabwà n} ylfy saf``~,saf``~ }qmma}}dq` wabwà ys~ ebsa bdyaj fji dfn`

ebsa bdyaj ylfj ~bq ib camfq}a nj ylans enji+dfn`qsa+ n} JBY +dfn`qsa+, ny+} f }yawwnjk }ybja yb

}qmma}}*** ylfy+} f``*

Nd f wsb cf}acf`` w`f~as n} mbj}niasai #}qmma}}dq`# nd la bj`~ lny} 9ynea} bqy bd 67 *977. lb{ mfj ~bq a|wamy yb ib cayyas ylfj ylfy2

^bq yfha yla `b}}a} fji ebta bj* ^bq hjb{ bja ebsa ylnjk ylfy{n`` la`w ~bq lny cayyas ja|y ynea*

^bq ibj+y lfta yb kay ny +wasdamy+, ~bq oq}y lfta yb kay ny kbnjk*

Nefknja yln} dbs f ebeajy?

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^bq„sa fy yla aji bd f ifsh f`à~ {f~ fji bqs cfmh n} fkfnj}y yla{f``*** ylasa fsa = kq~} mbenjk fy ~bq {nyl hjnta} fji ylasa+} jb a}mfwa*

Fsa ~bq kbnjk yb {bss~ fcbqy +dfn`njk+ yb iadaji ~bqs}a`d2&

Jb, ~bq+sa kbnjk yb wnmh qw yla m`b}a}y ylnjk yb f eayf` wnwa {nylnjsafml fji }yfsy }{njknjk&&

+Dfn`qsa+, f`ylbqkl f wb}}ncn`ny~, n} JBY fj bwynbj*** ~bqs @NDA n} fy}yfha*

#Dfn`qsa# {n`` ca iadnjai nj yln} }nyqfynbj f} kayynjk mqy f da{ ynea}c~ yla ylqk} }`f}lnjk fy ~bq*** cqy ~bqs BJ@^ OBC n} yb ]FTA ~bqs @NDA%~bq+sa JBY kbnjk yb {bss~ fcbqy f da{ mqy} n*a* dfn`qsa}.&&

Snkly2

[lfy {n`` ~bq ib yb ]FTA ^BQS @NDA2 [n`` ~bq ataj mbj}nias +df`qsa+f} fj bwynbj nj yln} }nyqfynbj2

Jb* Ybyf` dfn`qsa n} jby fj bwynbj* ]b ~bq+`` ib fj~ylnjk {nylnj ~bqswb{as yb }fta ~bqs}a`d*

Efshaynjk n} `nha ylfy +wnwa+ ~bq q}ai yb iadaji ~bqs}a`d*

Efshaynjk mfj }fta ~bqs `nda*** ~bq oq}y ibj+y saf`nza ylfy ~bqs `nda n}bj yla `nja*

@nda n} }qcyà*** ny+} jby f} #}yfsh# f} yla nefknjfs~ }maja N+tawfnjyai dbs ~bq fcbta*

Cqy ày+} ib fjbylas #{lfy nd#*** nj}yafi bd = ylqk} mbenjk fy ~bq{nyl hjnta}, ày+} }f~ yla~ fsa #msainy mb`àmynbj# kq~}*** fji yla~ fsambenjk fy ~bq safi~ yb }qmh atas~ cny bd mf}l fji `nda bqy bd ~bq, yfha f``~bqs wb}}a}}nbj}, sqnj ~bqs efssnfka fji àfta ~bq laftnjk nj wfnj nj yla

}ysaay% lbeaà}}*

[lfy fsa ~bq wsawfsai yb ib2 N} dfn`qsa lbeaà}}ja}}. ataj fjbwynbj222

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Fsa ~bq kbnjk yb wnmh qw yla +efshaynjk+ {afwbj ~bq+ta caajàfsjnjk fcbqy yb iadaji ~bqs}a`d fji dnjf``~ efha }bea ebja~ }b ~bqmfj kay yla}a dsafhnj+ ninby} bdd ~bqs cfmh2

Fsa ~bq kbnjk yb }ny cfmh, sa`f| fji ày ylae cafy yla msfw bqy bd ~bq2 Bs fsa ~bq kbnjk dnkly fji }fta ~bqs}a`d c~ wf~njk {lfy ~bq b{afji dnjf``~ canjk dsaa&2

@nda n} }qcyà*** ylasa fsa f`` hnji} bd ifjkas} bqy ylasa*** CQY*** `ndan} f`}b ksafy fji ~bq lfta BJA MLBNMA yb efha? Lb{ ~bq+sa kbnjk yb`nta*

Lasa+} bja ysqyl fcbqy @NDA ylfy ef~ mlfjka yla {f~ ~bq `ntaatas~ if~?

#Jb bja, fji N EAFJ jb bja,kay} bqy f`nta*#

]b {lfy fsa ~bq fdsfni bd2

âw*** ~bqs cfmh SAF@@^ n} fkfnj}y f {f``% jb ebsa fjf`bkna}*** yla

ifjkas n} `ntnjk f `nda +fdsfni+ fji jatas yfhnjk f mlfjma yb `nta `nda yb ny+}dq`à}y* Iafyl n} mbenjk*** {lfy fsa ~bq kbnjk yb ib2 [fny dbs ny yb mbea{nylbqy efhnjk fj addbsy yb SAF@@^ @NTA2 @nta `nda yb yla dq`à}y* Ibatas~ylnjk ~bq mfj yb `nta f ksafy `nda, jby oq}y f +kay c~+ `nda* La`w bylas},ca f lasb, ca hnjias, `bta {nyl f`` ~bqs lafsy*** @NTA `nha ~bq eafj ny*

Yln} mbqì ca ~bqs `f}y mlfjma, ef~ca yla `f}y saf` jb C] ea}}fka~bq+`` atas lafs fcbqy `nda fji iafyl fji efshaynjk*

[laylas ~bq ca`nata nj Kbi bs jby, ylasa+} bja saf`ny~, bja ysqyl?jb bja kay} bqy f`nta*

]b }yfsy `ntnjk ~bqs `nda `nha ~bq saf``~, saf``~ EAFJ NY*

Dfn`qsa n} jby wasefjajy, ny„} f }yawwnjk%}ybja yb saf` }qmma}}*

Ca}y {n}la} f`{f~} dbs ~bqs }qmma}},

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^BQS JFEA

YLA ‐W]― tas~ newbsyfjy&&. ․ haaw safinjk․

Nd ylasa+} f {f~ yb efha ebja~ bj`nja {nylbqy ibnjk fj~ {bsh fy f``, N+i`nha yb hjb{ {lfy ny n}*

]b dfs N+ta efia e~ `ntnjk bj`nja ibnjk f mbqwà bd }newà ylnjk}?

Ylnjhnjk, yfhnjk fmynbj fji wsbtninjk saf` tf`qa nj a|mlfjka dbs ebja~*

N fwwsamnfya ~bqs }yf~njk {nyl ea*** N {n`` ca sataf`njk }bea eaylbi} fji}ysfyakna} ylfy lfta efia ea }qmma}}dq` bj`nja ylfy N ajmbqsfka ~bq yb]YAF@ fji Q]A ylae dbs ~bqs b{j }qmma}}*

Dns}y, N+e JBY f kqsq* N oq}y àfsjai f da{ ylnjk} fcbqy efshaynjk c~}wajinjk efj~ ~afs} bd e~ `nda DFN@NJK dns}y***

Cqy {laj N dnkqsai yln} }yndd bqy, N }yfsyai efhnjk saf` ebja~ bj`nja*

[lfy {f} ny2 [lfy mlfjkai e~ `nda fsbqji2

Bja ylnjk N àfsjai {f} ylfy efjfknjk e~ ynea {f} lfsias ylfj Nylbqkly ny {bqì ca*** a}wamnf``~ {bshnjk dsbe lbea*

N mbqì yfha }b eqml +ynea bdd+ %%sqjjnjk yb yla }ybsa, yfhnjk f +jfw+,{fymlnjk f `nyyà YT*** nj}yafi bd {bshnjk bj e~ cq}nja}}&&&

]b N }yfsyai yb ysafy e~ +cq}nja}}+ `nha f obc* N {bshai >FE%9WE, Ebjif~%Dsnif~ fji ybbh 6"3 lbqs dbs `qjml*

Ylaj N #msafyai# fj nefknjfs~ #cb}}#*

N msafyai f +cb}}+ {lb {bqì mlnia ea fji ya`` ea N lfi yb kay +yb {bsh+{laj N }yfsyai kbbdnjk%bdd*

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La {f} +iaefjinjk+, cqy N jaaiai lne* ^bq enkly ys~ ny* Efha lne bs lasyla +wasdamy cb}}+** f`{f~} ajmbqsfknjk ~bq yb ib cayyas, ylnjh df}yas, caf cayyas was}bj fji tas~, tas~ iaefjinjk yb kay ylnjk} ibja*

La+} f saf` ]BC 8%.

^bq ef~ ylnjh ylfy+} f cny {ansi*** cqy, N hni ~bq jby, ny [BSH]*

[a`` fjbylas ylnjk ylfy saf``~ la`wai ea efha ebja~ bj`nja {f} dnkqsnjkbqy ylfy yla ebja~ n} nj #yla `n}y#*

Iql***

Ny ybbh ea yla `bjka}y ynea yb dnkqsa bqy {lfy {f} eafjy c~ #yla ebja~

n} nj yla `n}y#*

N lafsi efj~ +kqsq}+ yf`hnjk fcbqy N cqy jatas saf``~ qjias}ybbi ny qjyn` Ncqn`y e~ b{j `n}y*

Jb{ e~ -6 obc bj`nja n} yb cqnì e~ `n}y*

Ini ~bq kay ylfy2

^BQS -6 obc bj`nja n} yb cqnì ^BQS `n}y*

^BQS -6 obc bj`nja n} yb cqnì ^BQS `n}y*^BQS -6 obc bj`nja n} yb cqnì ^BQS `n}y*^BQS -6 obc bj`nja n} yb cqnì ^BQS `n}y*^BQS -6 obc bj`nja n} yb cqnì ^BQS `n}y*

@ay ea }yfya yln} màfs`~?

Cqnìnjk f `n}y bd vqf`ndnai wsb}wamy} fjihaawnjk ~bqs jfea nj dsbjy bd ylae n} ebsa

newbsyfjy yb ~bqs dnjfjmnf` laf`yl ylfjfj~ylnjk N mfj ylnjh bd*

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^bq jaai f mbj}yfjy }ysafe bd ja{ wsb}wamy} fji mq}ybeas} bs ~bqscq}nja}} {n`` ina f }`b{ iafyl*

^bq }lbqì }yfsy c~ wqyynjk ~bqs {ac}nya fiisa}} bj f`` ~bqs efshaynjkefyasnf`}, njm`qinjk csbmlqsa}, ~a``b{ wfka fi}, ja{}wfwas bs efkfznjafi}, àyyaslafi,aym***[lfy+} ja|y2

[a``, dns}y ~bq {fjy yb lfta nj w`fma f +dbse+ bj ~bqs {ac}nya ylfy f``b{}~bqs tn}nybs} yb }qc}msnca yb ~bqs `n}y* ^bq mfj mf`` ~bqs `n}y fj~ylnjk ~bq{fjy? Fj aznja, ja{}àyyas, +qwifya}+, bs njm`qia f dsaa sawbsy dbs }nkjnjkqw, aym***

Bjma ~bq lfta mfwyqsai ylans jfea fji aefn` fiisa}}, fy f enjneqe,~bq mfj mbjyfmy ylae fji saenji ylae fcbqy ~bqs cq}nja}}* ]aji ylaeja{} fji la`w ylae nj }bea {f~*

Yla newbsyfjy ylnjk n} yb ca ylasa, nj ylans efn`cb| bs “njcb|„

{laj yla~ fsa safi~ yb cq~&

Ny+} fcbqy yla mlafwa}y dbse bd fitasyn}njk fj~{lasa fji nd ~bq+sa jbyq}njk yla ifyf }ybsfka fji db``b{%qw }~}yae} yla Njyasjay lf} yb bddas

~bq+sa en}}njk f `fska febqjy bd wsbdny}* Nd ~bq cqnì ~bqs `n}y, ~bq {n`èfha f wsbdny*

N lafsi }beabja bjma }f~ ylfy eb}y cq}nja}} ibj„y w`f~ lfsi ajbqkl․yla kq~ {lb }fni ylfy {ajy bj yb }a`` ln} mbewfj~ yb acf~ dbs )=77 (en``nbj*

Ib ~bq w`f~ lfsi ajbqkl2

Ib ~bq efshay lfsi ajbqkl2

Ib ~bq `nta `nha ~bq eafj ny2

“Jbqkl }fni*

Kb ib ny*

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CBJQ]? Njyasjay Csfnj]ybse&

Njysbiqmynbj? N {ajy f`` yla {f~ dsbe Ja{ ^bsh yb Cbn}a, NI yb tn}ny e~ dsnaji, ]mbyyDb}yas f wsayy~ kbbi efshayas lne}a`d .* [lnà N {f} ylasa N efia yla en}yfha bd

}lb{njk lne e~ ‐niaf jbyacbbh― f `nyyà, c`fmh cbbh N mfss~ fsbqji {nyl ea yb oby ib{jebja~%efhnjk niaf} {laj N kay ylae․ {a``& ]mbyy fèb}y da`` btas {laj la }f{ }bea

bd yla niaf} N {sbya ib{j* ]b la f}hai nd la mbqì njyastna{ ea fji wqc`n}l ny* N kftalne wasen}}nbj fji ylfy„} lb{ yln} njyastna{ ysfj}msnwy. {f} cbsj* Ajob~ & % Ifta

]mbyy Ifta, e~ kbbi dsnaji* ^bq dnjf``~ efia ny bqy lasa* Lasa, ~bq}lb{ai qw fy e~ ibbs fji lasa {a fsa }nyynjk nj e~m`b}ay ” {lnml n} f`}b e~ bddnma*

Ifta âw*

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]mbyy [lasa N„ta lfi }bea bd yla eb}y f{a}bea niaf} ylfy lfta la`waiea yb cambea f }qmma}}, {nyl ~bqs la`w, cqy {afmyqf``~ fsa dnjf``~ lfta eay nj was}bj fji N„e oq}yylsn`ài fji N„e fèb}y }waamlà}}* ]b, yln} n} hnji bd f%fèb}y f }avqa` yb yla af}~ ebja~ njyastna{} ylfy {aini cfmh fcbqy f ~afs fji f lf`d fkb* Cqy, ~bq {fjyaiyb in}mq}} }bea niaf} fji }yqdd, }b N„e mbewàya`~ qwdbs ylfy* ]b, Ifta, ~bq {fjy yb }f~ la``b2

Ifta âfl, N„e saf``~ lfww~ yb ca nj ~bqs m`b}ay, ]mbyy* Yln} n} yassndnm*]b, yln} n} {lasa ~bq sqj ~bqs {bsì%{nia njyasjayefshaynjk bwasfynbj}*

]mbyy Ylfy„} snkly*

Ifta Snkly lasa nj ~bqs m`b}ay* Ny„} dfjyf}ynm* ^bq„ta kby atas~ylnjk ~bqjaai lasa* ^bq„ta kby f wsnjyas, }mfjjas, mbewqyas fjiyla {lbà ylnjk* Ny„} wsayy~ }ef`` cqy ny {bsh}&

]mbyy [a``, ny oq}y kba} yb }lb{ ylfy ~bq ibj„y saf``~ jaai yb lfta fja`fcbsfya bddnma yb sqj f saf``~ }qmma}}dq` njyasjaycq}nja}}* Yla niaf yb wqy ny nj e~ m`b}ay {f} oq}y yb}new`~ kay yla yf| csafh* [lajatas ~bq lfta fj fylbea cq}nja}} ~bq jaai yb lfta }beaw`fma ylfy ~bq

mfj ia}nkjfya ylfy ~bq {bsh bqy bd fji f`}b yb sa`natae~ {nda„} njfcn`ny~ yb }àaw camfq}a bd f`` yla y~wnjk N{bqì ib bj e~ ha~cbfsi*

Ifta N hjb{ lb{ ylfy n}* âfl, yln} n} dfjyf}ynm* N„e }b lfww~ yb calasa* N ylnjh Cbn}a„} f yassndnm yb{j* Ny„} ksafy*

]mbyy âfl, ny masyfnj`~ n}*

Ifta N lfi f ksafy w`fja ysnw nj lasa fji N„e k`fi {a lfi f mlfjma yb kayybkaylas dnjf``~* [a„ta ibja f mbqwà bd wsbiqmy}

ybkaylas*

[a„ta ibja f `by bd obnjy tajyqsa} fji {a„ta cambeasaf``~ kbbi dsnaji} fji jb{ {a lfta f mlfjma yb kayybkaylas* N ylnjh bja bd yla ylnjk} ylfy {a saf``~ ys~ ybcsnjk yb wabwà n} niaf} ylfy yla~ mfj q}a yb efha ebsaebja~* [a„ta yf`hai fcbqy niaf} nj yla af}~ ebja~

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njyastna{}, fcbqy kbnjk yb m`nmh cfjh fji dnjinjkwsbiqmy} ylfy ~bq mfj }a`` f} fj fddn`nfya efshayas* Fjiybif~ {a„sa kbnjk yb yf`h fcbqy }bea saf``~ bsnknjf`niaf} bs csfnj}ybse} ylfy janylas bja bd q} lf} satafàifji {a„sa kbnjk yb yf`h fcbqy }bea niaf} ylfy {aylbqkly fcbqy newàeajynjk* [a lftaj„y kbyyajfsbqji yb }bea bd ylae ~ay, cqy {a„sa kbnjk yb knta}bea dfjyf}ynm niaf} ylfy }bea wabwà bj yln}%`n}yajnjkyb yln} mfj yfha fji sqj {nyl ny*

]mbyy Masyfnj`~*

Ifta Fji efha }bea ebja~* [a efia }bea ebja~ ybif~, inij„y {a2

]mbyy [a fmyqf``~ ini* âfl*

Ifta [a ini }bea q}ai cbbh lqjynjk*

]mbyy Bl, ylfy„} bja ylnjk ylfy N saf``~ {fjyai ~bq yb }lb{ ea lb{ yb ibcamfq}a N lfta }b efj~ wabwà ylfy fsa bj e~ `n}y ylfy{fjy yb àfsj lb{ yb ib oq}y }beaylnjk }newà `nha ylfy*Ybif~, oq}y dbs bqs `n}yajas}, {a {ajy bqy fji {a {ajynjyb f cbbh }ybsa, f cbbh }ybsa {lasa yla}a kq~} saf``~`bbh `nha yla~ hja{ {lfy yla~ {asa ibnjk camfq}a yla~

lfi yla cbbh} wsnmai snkly, cqy ny oq}y }b lfwwaj} ylfy{a wnmhai qw f cbbh dbs )67 fji yla niaf} ylfy ~bq yf`hfcbqy fji yla yamljnvqa} fji lb{ yb niajynd~ f cbbh nj~bqs cbbh }yn`` }yfji ysqa ybif~ fji, masyfnj`~, {a mfealbea, {a oqewai bj yla njyasjay ylasa fji {amlamhai* [a }wajy )67 fji {a dbqji f cbbh ylfy„}{bsyl btas )677*

Ifta Snkly*

]mbyy Fji yla {f~ ~bq }fni ny, ny„} `nha f )677 cn`` oq}y `f~njk ylasa bj yla

ksbqji*

Ifta Ylfy„} snkly* ^bq {bqìj„y àfta f )677 cn`` oq}y `~njk bj yla}nia{f`h* ^bq„ta kby yb wnmh ny qw* Nd ~bq lfta yla}hn``} yb `bbh dbs q}ai cbbh} bs fj~ hnji bd mb`àmyncànyae, nd ~bq mfj niajynd~ }beaylnjk ylfy jbcbi~ a`}a mfj

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}aa fy ylfy wfsynmq`fs ebeajy nj ynea, ~bq cq~ dbs f da{cqmh}, ~bq }a`` ny dbs )677 fji ~bq efia }bea ebja~*

Yln} wfsynmq`fs cbbh {f} njyasa}ynjk camfq}a {a {asa nj f cbbh}lbw fji yla iafàs saf``~ `bbhai `nha la hja{ {lfy la{f} ibnjk* La lfi f sayfn` }lbw* Ny `bbhai `nha la ini f`by bd sa}afsml ylfy la wqy bj ln} }la`d* La oq}ylfwwajai yb en}} yln} bja fji nd ~bq lfta yla snklyhjb{àika, ~bq kb nj, ~bq oq}y `bbh fy yla }la`ta}, ~bqwnmh ny bqy* Snkly f{f~ N lfi f daa`njk ylfy yln} {f} fwsayy~ kbbi cbbh camfq}a ny {f} yla Bia}}f Dnà c~Sbcasy Dbs}~yla fji Dsaisnmh Dbs}~yla fji ny {f} efianjyb f ebtna* Yln} {f} yla If~ bd yla Ofmhf`* Ny {f}efia njyb f ebtna, efia f ebtna fcbqy ny cfmh nj yla

“47„}* ]b, N lfi f daa`njk ny {f} kbnjk yb ca f kbbicbbh* N {f}j„y 677! }qsa, cqy dbs )67 ny {f} nj ksafymbjinynbj, ny lfi f iq}y ofmhay ylfy {f} cafqyndq`* [aybbh ny lbea, `bbhai ny qw bj yla njyasjay* Ny {f} {bsylfj~{lasa dbs )631 yb )6;1* Nd ~bq `n}y ylfy bj A%cf~~bq„sa kbnjk yb efha f )677 cn`` bj ny*

]mbyy N„e d`fyyasai*

Ifta Nj f if~* ^bq oq}y kb njyb f cbbh}ybsa fji ~bq wnmh qw }yqdd*

]mbyy Masyfnj`~* Ifta, {bqì ~bq `nha yb ef~ca yf`h f `nyyà cny fcbqy}bea bd yla `nyyà ynicny} bd njdbsefynbj bj lb{ {a {asafcà yb%camfq}a {nyl nj f efyyas bd `nha dnta enjqya}%e~{nda {ajy {nyl q} fji }la hja{%}la {f} f`safi~tajyqsnjk bdd njyb yla fn}à} fji `bbhnjk dbs cbbh}, {asacsnjknjk ylae yb ~bq*

[a oq}y lfi f c`f}y* [lfy2 [a {asa bqy dbs wsbcfc`~%{a lfi }bea%{a {ajy bqy, {a lfi }bea mbddaaybkaylas* [a }fni ‐la~, ày„} }ybw c~ f q}ai

cbbh}ybsa*― N saf``~ inij„y hjb{ {lfy yb a|wamy* N {f}`nha ‐~bq hjb{, N saf``~ lbwa yln} n} f} af}~ f} Ifta}f~} ny n}*― Fji }qsa ajbqkl* Ny {f} {nylnj fj lbqs {adbqji f cbbh ylfy {f} {bsyl btas )677*

Ifta âfl* ^bq mfj%{a ini lfta dqj* Yln} n}%ylfy„} yla wfsy bd efhnjkebja~ ylfy N nha* ^bq efha ny fj fitajyqsa* ^bq

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efha ny dqj* [a {ajy bqy fji lfi }bea mbddaa* [akby ~bqs {nda njtb`tai* Jb{, }la }f~} }la„} kbnjk bqynj yla ebsjnjk} jb{ `bbhnjk dbs cbbh}*

]mbyy âfl*

Ifta Ylfy„} ksafy dbs las* Cqy, {a {ajy njyb yln} cbbh}ybsa fji {awnmhai bqy f cbbh, fmyqf``~ wnmhai bqy f mbqwà cbbh}*Bja ~bq ibqcài yla wsnma ~bq wfni dbs ny fji yla bylasbja yqsj} bqy yb ca 67 ynea} f} eqml f} ~bq wfni dbs ny,cqy {a efia ny fj fitajyqsa, efia ny dqj* ^bq kb nj8~bq dnji {lfy ~bq„sa `bbhnjk dbs*

Jb{, yla newbsyfjy ylnjk yb%{laj ~bq„sa dns}y kbnjk bqy

`bbhnjk dbs cbbh} n} yb efha }qsa ylfy ny„} f dns}y ainynbj*Jb{, ylasa„} f `by bd yamljnmf` cbbh} bqy ylasa, ylasa„} f`by bd sadasajma cbbh} bqy ylasa ylfy ~bq mfj q}a njbsias yb iayasenja nd f cbbh n} f dns}y ainynbj bs jby fjiylb}a fsa safin`~ ftfn`fcà, cqy {lfy ~bq saf``~ {fjy yb`bbh dbs n} yla {bsi ‐dns}y ainynbj―, {lnml n} bj yla ynyàbs bj yla mbw~snkly wfka, {lnml n} yla wfka snkly fdyasyla ynyà wfka* Yla ynyà wfka n} yla bja nj}nia yla cbbhylfy }lb{} yla ynyà bd yla cbbh* ^bq d`nw ny btas, ny lf}yla mbw~snkly fji nd yla mbw~snkly n} ylasa, jbsef``~, ny

{n`` }f~ anylas ‐dns}y ainynbj― bs ny„`` lfta f jqecas `njanj {lnml yla wqc`n}las {lb wsnjy} yla cbbh `n}y} ylawqc`nmfynbj„} ynea bd wsnjynjk ylfy yla~ ini%yla~wqc`n}lai yla cbbh nj fji nd yla~ jqecas ‐6― bj ylajqecas `nja n} ylasa, kajasf``~ ~bq„sa wsayy~ eqmlf}}qsai ylfy ny„} f dns}y ainynbj*

]mbyy F`}b, ybb, {lfy N jbynmai {f} bj yla d`fw, yla c`fjh wfka ~bq yqsjyb snkly {laj ~bq bwaj yla cbbh* Yla~„`` lfta yla wsnmaylasa fji nj yln} wfsynmq`fs mf}a {a }f{ yla jqecasdns}y* Yla~ wqy yla jqecas ‐6― fji ‐dns}y ainynbj― {lnml

eafjy dns}y ainynbj, bctnbq}`~* Fji, f`}b, ybb, ~bq%yln}n} f saf` vqnmh iayasenjnjk%yln} n} f saf` vqnmh {f~ ~bqmfj dnji bqy* ^bq mfj oq}y d`nw bwaj yla cbbh bj yladns}y, qjiasjafyl yla mbtas fji nd ny }f~}%{lfy {f} nyfkfnj2 Ny {f} ‐ja{― bs {f} ny ‐cbbh m`qc― bs}beaylnjk2

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ifta âfl* Nd ny }f~} ‐cbbh m`qc ainynbj―%dns}y bd f``, {a bj`~ wnmh qwcbbh} ylfy lfta f iq}y ofmhay* Yla iq}y ofmhay n} ylawfwas mbtasnjk ylfy kba} fsbqji yla lfsi mbtas cbbh*

]mbyy [lnml {n`` f`}b lfta w`f}ynm, ybb, q}qf``~*

Ifta Ylfy„} snkly* ]beaynea} ny {n`` lfta f w`f}ynm E~`fs mbtas fsbqji ny*Q}qf``~ cbbh }a`às} {n`` wsbyamy ylans ebsa tf`qfcàcbbh} {nyl ylfy E~`fs mbtas* ]b, cqy, {laj ~bq `bbhnj}nia, fji nd ny lf} f wsnma yfk bj yla d`fw, kajasf``~ ny„}jby f cbbh m`qc ainynbj* Yla cbbh m`qc ainynbj} fsakajasf``~ tf`qaà}}*

Yla~ q}a f eqml njdasnbs y~wa bd wfwas ylfy yla~ wsnjy

ylae bj* Yla lfsi mbtas} fsa jby f} }yqsi~* Yla~„saef}} wsbiqma} fji ylfy„} jby {lfy f mb`àmybs„} `bbhnjkdbs* Yla mb`àmybs„} `bbhnjk dbs yla tas~ dns}y wsnjynjk bsyla tas~ dns}y ainynbj bd yla cbbh ylfy mfea bqy*

]b, ~bq„i {fjy yb }aa f mbqwà ylnjk}* ^bq {fjy yb }aayla iq}y ofmhay* ^bq {fjy yb efha }qsa ylfy ylasa n} fiq}y ofmhay bj yla cbbh* ^bq {fjy yb efha }qsa ylasan} f wsnma yfk bj yla iq}y ofmhay* Nd ylasa„} jb wsnma yfk,ny„} wsbcfc`~ f cbbh m`qc ainynbj, {lnml n} tf`qaà}}*

^bq {fjy yb `bbh bj yla ynyà wfka yb }aa nd yla {bsi} ‐dns}y ainynbj― bs f jqecas `nja* Jb{, f jqecas `nja n} oq}y f }asna} bd jqecas} fmsb}} yla cbbh, 6, 3, =, 9, 1,4, ;, <, >, 67 q}qf``~ fji nd yla jqecas ‐6― n} ylasa nyeafj} ny„} f dns}y ainynbj dbs }bea wqc`n}las* Nd ~bq yfhayla jqecas 6 bqy fji yla bj`~%yla jqecas ‐3― n} ylasaylfy eafj} ny„} f }ambji ainynbj*

]mbyy Bhf~*

Ifta ^bq yfha yla ‐3― bqy {laj yla wqc`n}las sawsnjy} yla cbbh yla~„``

yfha f jqecas bqy atas~ ynea yla~ wsnjy ny*

]mbyy [b{*

Ifta Fji ylfy„} lb{ ~bq mfj ya`` {lnml ainynbj ny n}*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





]mbyy Ylfy„} f{a}bea* N saf``~ `nhai%`nha N }fni ylfy%{laj ny }f~} ‐cbbhm`qc ainynbj―* N eq}y lfta {ajy ylsbqkl 61 cbbh} `nha{nylnj f efyyas bd enjqya}* ^bq mfj ya`` snkly vqnmh* Nd ny }f~} ‐cbbh m`qc ainynbj― snkly ylasa bj yla qjias}niad`fw ~bq hjb{ oq}y yb wqy ylfy cbbh cfmh*

Ifta âfl* Fji jbsef``~ yla cbbh m`qc ainynbj} fsa eqml ylnjjascamfq}a yla~ q}a f ylnjjas wfwas, }aa2 Yla~ q}a fmlafwas wfwas, }b yla~ efha yla cbbh} fmyqf``~ylnjjas* Fdyas f{lnà ~bq„`` ca fcà yb wnmh bqy yla cbbhm`qc ainynbj} fji jby ataj cbylas yb `bbh*

]mbyy Fji ~bq hjb{ {lfy„} jafy n} {a {ajy yb ylsaa w`fma}* [a {ajy yb%ylasa {f} y{b cbbh}ybsa} ylfy {asa fmyqf``~ ib{jyb{j

{lasa N `nta fji {a {ajy yb yla dns}y bja* Ny {f} yladns}y w`fma ylfy {a {ajy ylsa{ fji {a {asa snkly ylasasnkly {laj yla~ bwajai fji ny {f} {nylnj f efyyas bsà}} ylfj fj lbqs {a dbqji {a cbbh*

Ifta âw*

]mbyy N `bbh fy ny yln} {f~* ^bq mbqì kb bqy fji ~bq mbqì kb yb ~fsi}fà} fji ~bq mbqì kb yb a}yfya} }fà}* Yln} n} nj fcbbh}ybsa {lasa yla}a kq~} fmyqf``~ `n}y ylans }yqdd*

Ifta Yla~„sa wsbda}}nbjf`}*

]mbyy âfl*

Ifta Yla~ lfi%yln} kq~ saf``~ hja{ {lfy la {f} ibnjk camfq}a la lfiwsnmai bylas nyae}, bylas cbbh} nj ln} }ybsa wasdamy`~*La oq}y lfwwajai yb en}} yln} bja*

]mbyy @nha ~bq }fni%

Ifta La~*

]mbyy ‐La~, {a ef~ jby dnji }beaylnjk nj lasa, cqy, la~, ylasa„} f`{f~}ylfy mlfjma {lasa yla~„`` en}} }beaylnjk― fji }qsaajbqkl ylfy {f} yla mf}a*

Ifta Snkly*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





]mbyy N {f} oq}y c`b{j f{f~* ^bq {asa snkly* ^bq }fni ‐la~―%camfq}a Nsaeaecas f}hnjk ~bq bj yla wlbja* N {f} `nha ‐Ifta,fsa ~bq }qsa ylfy {a%ylfy N mfj efha ebja~ yla dns}yynea {a kb bqy, yla dns}y w`fma {a tn}ny2― fji }qsaajbqkl ~bq {asa snkly*

Ifta âfl*

]mbyy Fji e~ {nda, }la {f}%}la kby a|mnyai* N }f{ las a~a} `nkly qw* Ny„}tas~ }newà, ny„} tas~ ajob~fcà* Bjma ~bq oq}y àfsjyla}a da{ `nyyà {f~} yb niajynd~ f cbbh ~bq mfj mb`àmy)=77 bs )977 bs )177 nj f if~*

Ifta Bl, ~afl* âfl* Af}n`~* [a {ajy bj f Yqa}if~ }b ylasa {asaj„yybb efj~ a}yfya }fà} bs ~fsi }fà}* Jb{, ylb}a fsayla w`fma} {lasa ~bq kay saf` cfskfnj}, camfq}a ~bqmfj kb nj, ~bq mfj niajynd~ f dns}y ainynbj fji tas~ af}n`~~bq„ta kby ynea yb }lbw* Ylasa„} bylas wabwà*

Jbsef``~, {nyl fj a}yfya }fà bs f ~fsi }fà wabwà {n``mbewàya`~ nkjbsa yla cbbh}* Yla~„sa `bbhnjk dbs ylacfc~ }ysb`às, yla~„sa `bbhnjk dbs dqsjnyqsa* Yla~„sa`bbhnjk dbs f`` yla}a bylas ylnjk}* Tas~ sfsa`~ {n`` ~bq

dnji f `by bd mbewaynynbj fy f ~fsi }fà bs%cqy, fj a}yfya}fà ~bq kay yla wsbda}}nbjf` cbbh }a`às}*

N ybì%N kfta ~bq yla }ybs~, yla bja kq~* Ylasa {f} fja}yfya }fà cfmh lbea fji la lfi kbja nj f màfjai bqyyla ajynsa dns}y d`bbs bd f`` yla cbbh} fji c~ yla ynea Nkby ylasa % ylasa {asaj„y fj~ àdy* N {ajy ib{j yb ylacf}aeajy* Ylasa {f} yln} bja cbbh }nyynjk ylasa,cafqyndq` mbjinynbj* Ny {f} fj bì eqsias e~}yas~ dsbeyla 6>37„} {nyl f iq}y ofmhay ylfy {f} fc}b`qya`~cafqyndq`* N wfni 17 majy} dbs ny, {f`hai bqy, ybbh ny

lbea, `bbhai ny qw fji ny {f} f )977 cbbh*

]mbyy )977* [b{*

Ifta ]b, N eafj, ~bq mfj%nd ~bq {fjy yb fji yla {f~ N q}ai yb ib ny, Nq}ai yb }waji Dsnif~ fji ]fyqsif~ oq}y kbnjk yb yla~fsi }fà} wnmhnjk qw cbbh} fji N„i wnmh qw fj~{lasa

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





dsbe )177 yb )3,777 {bsyl bd njtajybs~ fy sayfn` wsnma}dbs f mbqwà lqjisai cqmh} fji }a`` ylae bj A%cf~*

]mbyy F{a}bea*

Ifta ]b, ~bq mfj jay )<77%)6,777 oq}y ibnjk ylfy*

]mbyy ^bq hjb{, {lfy cayyas ynenjk ylfj jb{, camfq}a snkly jb{ ny„}}wsnjk fji ny„} ~fsi }fà }af}bj*

Ifta â}, ny n}*

]mbyy Kfsfka }fà }af}bj* ]b, a}yfya }fà}%N„ta caaj yb f da{ }yfya }fà}fji ày ea ya`` ~bq, yla}a fsa wabwà ylfy lfta wf}}ai

f{f~ fji lfta mb`àmy%~bq jatas hjb{ {lfy„} }nyynjkylasa* Oq}y `nha yla }ybs~ ~bq oq}y ybì* N ylnjh ny„} fja|ma`àjy {f~ yb efha a|ysf ebja~* Ataj nd ~bq ibj„y{fjy yb ib fj njyasjay cq}nja}} bs }beaylnjk, yln} n} fksafy {f~ yb oq}y kb bqy fji efha a|ysf ebja~*

Ifta Fc}b`qya`~* Ny„} tas~ wàf}fjy camfq}a ~bq„sa oq}y `bbhnjk fy cbbh}*^bq„sa jby yf`hnjk fcbqy cnk, laft~ efmlnjas~* ^bq„sajby yf`hnjk fcbqy saf``~ cfmh%}ysfnjnjk {bsh bd fj~ hnji*F `nyyà cny bd hjb{àika kba} f `bjk {f~ fji ~bq mfj

efha }bea ebja~ ibnjk ny* ^bq hjb{2

]mbyy Ny„} f{a}bea* N ylnjh ny„} saf``~ ksafy*

Ifta ]b, ày„} yf`h fcbqy }bea bylas niaf}, camfq}a bja bd yla ylnjk}ylfy {a saf``~ {fjy yb ib bj yln} mf``, nj yln} }a}}nbjlasa, n} yb saf``~ kay yb wabwà {lb oq}y {fjy yb efha}bea a|ysf ebja~* [a„sa f`}b kbnjk yb yf`h fcbqy}bea cq}nja}} ebia`} ylfy yla~ mfj msafya njyasjayaewnsa} bqy bd*

Ny iba}j„y yfha eqml* @nha ~bq }fni, ~bq {bsh bqy bd ~bqs m`b}ay lasa, {lnml n} f yassndnm niaf* Wabwà ib jbylfta yb lfta fj bddnma* Yla~ ibj„y lfta yb lfta f cnk}wfma yb kay }yfsyai* Yla eb}y newbsyfjy ylnjk n} yla~ oq}y kay }yfsyai fji ib }beaylnjk* ]b, {a„sa kbnjk ybyf`h fcbqy }bea bd ylb}a niaf} fji N ybì ~bq {laj Ndns}y kby lasa ylfy N haaw f `nyyà jbyacbbh {nyl niaf}

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





fji ylnjk} nj ylasa* Niaf} ylfy N w`fj yb kay fsbqji ybfji N haaw f yb ib `n}y fji }b dbsyl* [a„sa kbnjk ybbwaj qw e~ `nyyà cbbh%

]mbyy ^bqs `nyyà cbbh*

Ifta E~ `nyyà cbbh {lasa N oby ib{j f`` e~ cq}nja}} niaf} fji {a„sakbnjk yb yf`h fcbqy }bea bd ylae ybif~* N„e kbnjk ybsataf` }yqdd ylfy N„ta jatas ybì fj~cbi~*

]mbyy N mfj„y {fny*

Ifta [a``, ày„} kb ylsbqkl f da{ ylnjk}, camfq}a N ylnjh bja%bja bd ylaeb}y newbsyfjy ylnjk} ylfy {a yf`hai fcbqy {f}

haawnjk f ‐yb ib― `n}y*

[laj ~bq }yfsy yb kay f cq}nja}} niaf, nd ~bq lfta fj~hnji bd cq}nja}} niaf, yla eb}y newbsyfjy ylnjk ylfy ~bqmfj ib n} {snya ib{j yla dns}y eb}y newbsyfjy ylnjk ylfy~bq mfj ib, }ambji eb}y newbsyfjy ylnjk ylfy ~bq mfjib fji }yfsy {bshnjk bj ~bqs yb ib `n}y atas~ }njkà if~fji ylaj msb}}njk ylae bdd {laj ~bq mbewàya ylae*[lfy f ksafy }aj}a bd fmmbew`n}leajy ylfy n} {laj ~bqkay ylb}a ibja*

]mbyy âfl* ^bq„ta saf``~ la`wai ea yb saf`nza lb{ newbsyfjy ylfy n} fjiN„ta hnji bd }`fmhai bdd, dbsknta ea, cqy N„e kbnjk yb}yfsy ibnjk ny fkfnj*

Ifta Bhf~, kbbi* [a``, ày„} }yfsy bdd {nyl yla dns}y ylnjk bj e~ `n}y lasanj e~ `nyyà jbyacbbh bd cq}nja}} niaf} n} fddn`nfyaefshaynjk {bsh}lbw}* Yln} n} }beaylnjk njyasa}ynjkcamfq}a N hjb{ ylfy bj`nja mbqs}a} fsa a|ysaea`~wbwq`fs* N ylnjh, f} yla njyasjay lf} atb`tai, dns}y mfeaA%cbbh}* Ylaj ~bq lfi a%efn` ja{}àyyas fji ylnjk}

`nha ylfy*

N ylnjh yla {fta bd yla dqyqsa dbs njyasjay wsbiqmy} n}eq`yn%eainf wsbiqmy} `nha {lfy {a„sa ibnjk lasa* [a„saibnjk fj fqinb* Tniab n} kbnjk yb ca njmsaf}njk`~ ebsanewbsyfjy* ]bea bd yla ybb`} ylfy {a„sa q}njk fjimbew`neajy} bd Ob}l Fjias}bj n} yln} wsbksfe ylfy

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





{a„sa q}njk snkly lasa* [a }ybwwai yln} ebsjnjk fySfinb ]lfmh, {a wnmhai qw f `nyyà }w`nyyas }b {a mbqìlfta y{b enmsbwlbja} sqjjnjk njyb f }njkà mbewqyasfji ny `bbh} `nha ny„} {bshnjk bqy fc}b`qya`~ cafqyndq``~dbs q}*

]mbyy Masyfnj`~*

Ifta Ob}l„} wsbksfe {f} tas~ af}~ yb nj}yf``* [nylnj }ambji}, f`` {a lfiyb ib {f} wq}l yla sambsi cqyybj fji lasa {a kb*[a„sa yf`hnjk* Jb{, {lfy„} Ob}l„} {ac }nya dbs yln}2

]mbyy [a``, ln} {ac }nya lf}j„y fmyqf``~ caaj saàf}ai ~ay* La„} }yn``{bshnjk bj ny, cqy {lfy Ob}l Fjias}bj lf} mbenjk bqy,

N„ta }aaj yla {lbà%N„ta }aaj calnji yla }maja}* N„tacaaj cfmh}yfka fji N„ta }aaj ln} {lbà bwasfynbj fji{lfy la lf} mbenjk bqy n} cayyas ylfj fj~ylnjk N„ta}aaj*

Jby yb wqy fj~cbi~ a`}a„} wsbiqmy} ib{j cqy {lfy Ob}llf}%N„e wsayy~ a|mnyai fcbqy ny fji ny„}%N ylnjh ny„} {ac}nya%

Ifta [ac ]nya Oqha Cb|2

]mbyy âfl* [ac}nyaoqhacb|*mbe*

Ifta [ac}nyaoqhacb|*mbe*

]mbyy Fji N hjb{ la lf} ln} bylas }nya, cqy {laj la saàf}a} yln} fji ln}fqinb wb}ymfsi} fji yla mfwfcn`nyna} ylfy la„}njmbswbsfyai njyb yln}, ny„} oq}y wlajbeajf`*

Ifta [a``, yln} n} f tas~ af}~ wsbksfe yb q}a* [a }ay ny qw oq}y nj}ambji} lasa bj ~bqs lbea mbewqyas*

]mbyy Ny fmyqf``~ iba}j„y nj}yf``* ^bq oq}y m`nmh sqj fji ny oq}yfqybefynmf``~ sqj}*

Ifta âfl* Ylfy„} {lfy N jbynmai fcbqy yln}* ^bq inij„y ataj lfta ybm`nmh yla nj}yf`` bj ny* F`` ny ini%f`` ~bq lfi yb ib {f}

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





ib{j`bfi ny yb ~bqs mbewqyas, wqy ny bj ~bqs ia}hybwfji m`nmh*

]mbyy âw*

Ifta Ny oq}y bwaj} yla wsbksfe fji ny }yfsy} sambsinjk* Ny„} ksafy* [a``,ylfjh ~bq tas~ eqml, Ob}l* [a fwwsamnfya ylfy*

]mbyy [a ib, masyfnj`~*

Ifta ]b, eq`yn%eainf n} fc}b`qya`~, N ylnjh, n} kbnjk yb ca yla {fta bd yladqyqsa* A%cbbh} fsa }yn`` ksafy* Ny„} f ksafy {f~ ybia`ntas njdbsefynbj, cqy ~bq„sa kbnjk yb dnji ebsa fjiebsa fqinb wsbiqmy}, tniab wsbiqmy} fji bja bd yla

niaf} N lfi {f} yb msafya fj fddn`nfya efshaynjk{bsh}lbw*

Ylfy„} {lasa `nha fj fqinb wsbiqmy, ~bq mbqì ib }bea tniab {bsh{nyl ny q}njk Mfeyf}nf* ^bq fji N cbyl q}a Mfeyf}nf*Ny„} f yassndnm wsbksfe* Ny„} f `nyyà cny bj yla a|waj}nta}nia, cqy ~bq hjb{ {lfy2 N oq}y dbqji f Mfe ]yqinbwsbksfe* N lfi ny qw bj e~ wsntfya }nya* Mfe ]yqinbf``b{} ~bq yb ib tniab ia}hybw sambsinjk oq}y `nhaMfeyf}nf, bj`~ ny„} dsaa*

]mbyy Saf``~2

Ifta âfl* âfl* Ny„} saf``~ kbbi*

]mbyy ]b, ~bq mfj sambsi ~bqs tbnma fji ib ia}hybw mfwyqsnjk2

Ifta ^bq mfj ib tniab ia}hybw mfwyqsnjk bd%nj saf` ynea, {lfy ~bq„saibnjk bj ~bqs ia}hybw, f} {a`` f} fqinb sambsinjk fji ny}fta} ny f} f d`f}l dnà*

]mbyy Saf``~2

Ifta âfl* Dbs f{lnà yla mbewfj~ ylfy efia Mfe ]yqinb, jby yb cambjdq}ai {nyl Mfeyf}nf, {lnml n} f mbeeasmnf` wsbiqmy,Mfe ]yqinb, yla mbewfj~ ylfy efia ylfy {ajy bqy bd cq}nja}}*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





]mbyy Bhf~*

Ifta Ylasa {f} fjbylas mbewfj~ ylfy cbqkly ny fji jb{ lf} bddasai fdsaa tas}nbj bd yla wsbksfe fji N„e kbnjk yb wqy ny qwbj e~ wsntfya }nya*

]mbyy Ksafy*

Ifta ]b, f`` yla wsntfya }nya eaecas} mfj kay ylfy*

]mbyy N„i `nha yb kay f mbw~ bd ylfy*

Ifta âfl, fc}b`qya`~*

]mbyy ]b, ~bq fmyqf``~%~bq ibj„y jaai yb njta}y nj Mfeyf}nf ]yqinb2

Ifta âfl* Nd ~bq„sa%jb{, Mfeyf}nf iba} f `by bd ylnjk} ylfy Mfe ]yqinb{n`` jby, cqy nd ~bq„sa oq}y kayynjk }yfsyai fji nd ~bq„sa}f~njk ‐kaa, N mfj„y fddbsi yla )3>> dbs Mfeyf}nf―, Mfe]yqinb {n`` dn`` ~bqs jaai} qjyn` ~bq efha }bea bd ~bqsb{j wsbiqmy}, }yfsy yb }fà ylae fji ylaj ~bq mfjnjta}y nj yla Mfeyf}nf `fyas*

]b, dbs a|fewà, yln} fddn`nfya efshaynjk {bsh}lbw* E~

niaf {f} yb yfha }bea tniab, }bea fqinb fji kbylsbqkl yla }yaw} bd fddn`nfya efshaynjk yb efha nysaf``~, saf``~ af}~ dbs wabwà yb àfsj fddn`nfya efshaynjkbj`nja* N lfi njnynf` niaf bd msafynjk f eq`yn%eainfwsbiqmy {nyl f }njkà njyasdfma*

Bj yla àdy }nia {bqì ca f eajq isntaj njyasdfma, `nyyàtniab nj yla majyas, }bea mbjysb`} fji fqinb bj yla}nia* ]b, wabwà {bqì }new`~ bwaj qw yla wsbksfefji ca fcà yb m`nmh bj yla `njh}, {fyml yla tniab fjifqinb, f`` {nylnj f }njkà wsbksfe* Ylasa„} f mbqwà bd%

ylasa„} f {ac }nya ylfy }fà} fj fc}b`qya`~ yassndnmwsbksfe mf`ài Eq`yn%Eainf cqnìas fji ny„} ftfn`fcà fyEainfmlfjma*mbe* Eainfmlfjma* Fji {nylnj yln}, ~bqmfj msafya%ny„} saf``~ af}~ yb àfsj* Ny„} jby a|waj}nta*Ny„} eq`yn%eainf }bdy{fsa* % ^bq mfj msafya MI} {nyl ny*^bq mfj efha fqyb sqj} dbs MI} fji ITI}* Cqy {lfy nyf``b{} ~bq yb ib n} wqy ybkaylas f ksfwlnmf` q}as

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





njyasdfma dbs fèb}y fj~ y~wa bd fqinb bs tniab wsbksfe*Ny„} f yassndnm wsbksfe* Nj dfmy, }atasf` ~afs} fkb, njbja bd yla {f~} ylfy {a dns}y eay {f} {laj ~bqwqsmlf}ai f wsbiqmy ylfy N lfi mf`ài yla Q`ynefyaCq}nja}} Bwwbsyqjny~ fji N ini f jqecas bd tniab}fcbqy ylfy fji nj ylb}a tniab} N }lb{ai ~bq lb{ yb q}ayln} Eq`yn%Eainf Cqnìas dsbe Eainfmlfjma yb msafya feq`yn%eainf wsbiqmy fji N ini ylfy {nyl bja wsbiqmy* Nwqy ny bj f MI fji ylaj N }bì yla snkly} yb ny bj A%cf~dbs )=177*

]mbyy N saeaecas ylfy*

Ifta Fji ny {f} f wsbksfe fcbqy A%cf~*

]mbyy N masyfnj`~ saeaecas ylfy*

Ifta Ny {f} ksafy* Ybif~, {nyl f`` ylfy ybb`} ylfy ~bq lfta dbs msafynjkMI} fji ITI}, yln} n} f yassndnm wsbksfe* Ny„} a|ysaea`~af}~ yb q}a* ^bq mfj ataj msafya ~bqs b{j EW= w`f~as}{nyl yln} wsbksfe* ^bq mfj msafya ~bqs b{j }bdy{fsaylfy sqj} inddasajy wsbksfe} ylfy ~bq mfj msafya q}njk}msnwy} {nyl yln} wsbksfe* ]b, ny„} f }newà bs f}mbew`nmfyai f} ~bq {fjy ny yb ca*

]mbyy ]b, {lfy„} yla njta}yeajy fkfnj dbs yln} `nyyà wsbksfe2

Ifta N ylnjh ny„} fsbqji )9>* Yla~ lfta f ysnf` tas}nbj ylfy ~bq mfj sqjdbs =7 if~} fji ylaj fdyas yla =7 if~} fsa qw ~bq mfjcq~ ny snkly {nylnj yla }bdy{fsa, cqy nd N saeaecas ny„}fsbqji )9>*

]mbyy ^bq {asa yf`hnjk fcbqy q}njk ylfy yb msafya fj fddn`nfya efshaynjkmajyas ylfy wabwà mfj `fqjml bj ylans mbewqyas*

Ifta âw* Ylfy {f} yla niaf* Yla niaf {f} yb yafml wabwà lb{ yb ibfddn`nfya efshaynjk ylsbqkl f eq`yn%eainf wsbksfe ylfy~bq mfj sqj snkly bj ~bqs mbewqyas fji Eq`yn%EainfCqnìas {n`` f``b{ ~bq yb msafya yln}%}aa, {a„sa yf`hnjkfcbqy eq`yn%eainf*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





^bq mfj sambsi fj fqinb dnà, ~bq mfj sambsi f tniab dnànj Mfeyf}nf bs Mfe ]yqinb, yla dsaa tas}nbj, ~bq mfjwqy ylae f`` ybkaylas nj f }njkà ib{j`bfifcà dnà q}njkEq`yn%Eainf Cqnìas* Bl% {fny% Eq`yn%Eainf Cqnìas ny„})47* ]b, ny„} kbja qw f `nyyà cny* ^bq f`}b lfta yb kayfj EW= `nmaj}a nd ~bq„sa kbnjk yb w`f~ EW=} ylsbqkl ylaeq`yn%eainf wsbksfe dbs )61* Cqy, ny„} f kbbinjta}yeajy nd ~bq„sa kbnjk yb ib eq`yn%eainf wsboamy}bj`nja bs bj f MI*

]b, yla fddn`nfya efshaynjk {bsh}lbw {bqì yfha wabwàylsbqkl yla }yaw} bd msafynjk fj fddn`nfya njmbea bj`nja*[a„ta cbyl ibja ny* [a„sa ibnjk obnjy tajyqsa} f`` ylaynea fji {a ib f `by bd fddn`nfya efshaynjk fji ny„} saf``~

jby ylfy mbew`nmfyai*

]mbyy Jb, ny„} jby*

Ifta ]b, yln} n} bja {f~ yb cqnì ylfy hnji bd f wsbiqmy* N ylnjh fj~ylnjkyb ib {nyl mbqs}a} bs {bsh}lbw} bs fj~ hnji bd ysfnjnjkylfy ~bq mfj ia`ntas bj`nja n} kbnjk yb ca f lny,a}wamnf``~ bj fddn`nfya efshaynjk, }a``njk a%cbbh},fj~ylnjk yb ib {nyl Njyasjay efshaynjk lf} f lqkaefshay, njdbsefynbj wsbiqmy iata`bweajy*

]mbyy ]b, Ifta, la`w ea yb qjias}yfji* A|fmy`~ {lfy {bqì yln} y~wa bd wsbiqmy ib wabwà q}njk eq`yn%q}njk yln} Eq`yn%EainfCqnìas msafya yln} fddn`nfya efshaynjk {bsh}lbw2 ]b,qj`nha fj a%cbbh bs }beaylnjk a`}a2

Ifta Eq`yn%Eainf Cqnìas„} mbb` camfq}a {lfy ~bq mfj ib n} ~bq mfj yfhaefj~ aàeajy}* ^bq mfj yfha ya|y, ~bq mfj yfha fqinbfji ~bq mfj yfha tniab fji ~bq mfj àfi wabwà }yaw c~}yaw ylsbqkl fddn`nfya efshaynjk, snkly dsbe ylacaknjjnjk, bd lb{ yb atf`qfya fddn`nfya wsbksfe}, lb{ yb

msafya ylans fddn`nfya `njh}, lb{ yb m`bfh ylans `njh}, lb{yb qw`bfi ylb}a `njh}, anylas wqy ylae njyb fj lye` wfkafji yla~ mfj qw`bfi ylae yb ylans }astas fji yla~ mfj%f`` bd ylfy mfj ca dsbe f }njkà njyasdfma ylsbqkl Eq`yn%Eainf Cqnìas*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





]b, ày„} }f~ ~bq lfta f `n}y bd nyae} lb{ yb m`bfh ~bqs`njh* M`nmh bj ylfy, ~bq mfj anylas lafs fj fqinb fcbqyny bs ~bq mfj }aa f tniab bd a|fmy`~ lb{ yb ib ny*

]mbyy Fqinb fji tniab ybkaylas2

Ifta Fqinb fji tniab*

]mbyy Bl, ksafy*

Ifta Fji ya|y* ^bq„ta kby atas~ylnjk f`` sb`ài njyb bja*

]mbyy ]b, yln} wsbksfe {n`` ib ylfy2 Eq`yn%Eainf Cqnìas2

Ifta â}*

]mbyy [b{*

Ifta âfl, ~afl*

]mbyy Fji ny„} bj`~ )472

Ifta Fji ny„} bj`~ )47* Jby bj`~%}b, ny„`` yfha ~bqs EW= dnà ylfy ~bq lftafqinb sambsiai, ny„`` yfha ~bqs Mfeyf}nf d`f}l tniab%bs

Mfe ]yqinb d`f}l tniab, {lnmlatas wsbksfe ~bq q}a,~bq mfj yfha ~bqs ya|y bd fj~ylnjk ylfy ~bq„ta {snyyajylfy ~bq {fjy yb wqy njyb ny fji ny {n`` cqjià ny f`` njybfj a|amqyfcà dnà* Ny„} f`` bja dnà* ]b, nj}yafi bd lftnjk f {ac wfka {lasa ~bq lfta `njh} yb f fqinb dnà,~bq lfta `njh} yb yla d`f}l dnà, ~bq lfta `njh} yb ylaya|y dnà, ~bq mfj wqy ylae f`` ybkaylas nj bja ysfnjnjknjyasdfma, {lnml n} wsayy~ mbb`*

]mbyy Ylfy n} mbb`*

Ifta @nha Tniab Wsbda}}bs* Tniab Wsbda}}bs, ylfy kq~ n} fc}b`qya`~dfjyf}ynm* [lfy f efshayas ylfy kq~ n}* [lfy f mbjmawyla mfea qw {nyl* Ny„} cf}nm mbewqyas ysfnjnjk* La„``ysfnj ~bq lb{ yb ib [bsi fji la„`` ib ny {nyl bj%}msaajtniab}*

]mbyy âfl, cqy ~bq„ta kby yb wbw nj f MI*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ifta ^bq„ta kby yb wbw nj f MI* Yln}, {nyl Eq`yn%Eainf Cqnìas, ~bq mfjib{j`bfi ny dsbe }beacbi~„} {ac }nya, m`nmh bj ny fjif`` yla ysfnjnjk ~bq jaai n} snkly ylasa*

]mbyy Ylfy„} fefznjk*

Ifta âfl, ny„} saf``~ RRRRR* ^bq mfj f`}b cqsj ny bjyb f MI nd ~bq {fjyfji ny„`` msafya yla fqyb%sqj dbs ~bq*

]mbyy ]b, jb{ ylnjhnjk fcbqy yln}, jb{ ylfy N qjias}yfji yln}, camfq}a Nsaeaecas ~bq yf`hnjk fcbqy yla Eq`yn%Eainf Cqnìasfji N oq}y {f}j„y dq``~ ksf}wnjk {lfy yla ylnjk mbqì ib*]b, lasa„} oq}y bja%yln} n} oq}y bja f}wamy bd ny*

Ifta Yln} n}%ny mfj%N ylnjh Eq`yn%Eainf Cqnìas mfj ca q}ai yb msafya fjiia`ntas njdbsefynbj nj yla ylsaa {f~} N eajynbjai,fqinb, tniab fji ya|y, nj f }njkà a|amqyfcà dnà dbs oq}yfcbqy fj~ }qcoamy ylfy ~bq mfj ylnjh bd* Fddn`nfyaefshaynjk, yla wsbiqmy niaf N lfi, {f} dbs fj fddn`nfyaefshaynjk {bsh}lbw ylfy {bqì ca ia`ntasai nj yln}{f~* Ny„} f }njkà a|amqyfcà dnà* ]beacbi~, f`` yla~lfta yb ib n} ib{j`bfi ny fji w`f~ ny* Cbbe* Snkly bjylans mbewqyas fji yla~„ta kby f`` yla ysfnjnjk ylfy yla~

jaai* Jb{, ~bq mbqì ib yln} }fea ylnjk dbs njyasjayefshaynjk, f {bsh}lbw bj lb{ yb kajasfya ysfddnm yb~bqs {ac }nya, ~bq mbqì f {bsh}lbw bj A%cf~, {lnml n}f kbbi niaf* N ylnjh {a }lbqì wsbcfc`~ ib }beaylnjk`nha ylfy* Ny„} f kbbi wsbiqmy, cqy yla kbf` bd yln} fqinbn} yb knta hn`às niaf} fji saf``~, saf``~ hn`às niaf} ybwabwà* Mbjmsaya* [a yf`hai fcbqy, cadbsa {a iamniaiyb ib yln} tniab, n} f `by bd fqinb wsbiqmy} jb{ {n`` yf`hfcbqy efshaynjk nj f kajasf` {f~, cqy yla~ {bj„y knta~bq yla }wamndnm ybb`} bs yla }wamndnm yla niaf} fji {a{fjyai yb csafh yla ebì nj yln} fqinb*

]mbyy Iadnjnya`~* ]b, jb{, oq}y nj f jqy}la``, dbs ylb}a ylfy fsa `n}yajnjkylfy fsa ylnjhnjk ‐la~, yln} n} }beaylnjk ylfy N„i `nha―,yln} inknyf` eainf cqnìas, lb{ af}~ n} ny q}a2

Ifta Tas~ af}~* Nj}yf``fynbj n} f }jfw* Ny {bsh} bj atas~ tas}nbj bd {njib{} ylfy ~bq mfj wb}}nc`~ nefknja* F`` ~bq ib n}

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





m`nmh bj ny fji ylasa„} f `nyyà {njib{ ylfy wbw} qw {laj~bq dns}y ys~ ny fji yla~ lfta cqyybj} ib{j yla àdy }nia*Nd ~bq {fjy yb njm`qia fj fqinb, `nha ~bq lfta fj fqinbdnà ylfy ~bq„ta msafyai bj ~bqs lfsi in}h, f`` ~bq lftayb ib n} isfk fji isbw ylfy snkly btas yb yla%

]mbyy Bl, {b{* ]b, ny„} oq}y%

Ifta Yb yla }msaaj*

]mbyy Isfk fji isbw* Ksafy*

Ifta Isfk fji isbw* Yla majyas }msaaj ylfy ~bq }aa n} {lasa ~bq msafya~bqs njyasdfma*

]mbyy Bhf~*

Ifta F ksfwlnmf``~ q}as njyasdfma* Oq}y `nha cqnìnjk f }bdy{fsa wsbksfe*^bq {fjy f cqyybj yb w`f~ yla fqinb8 ~bq mfj anylasmsafya ~bqs b{j cqyybj bs q}a yla yaew`fya} ylfy yla~knta ~bq*

]mbyy [b{*

Ifta ^bq mfj wqy nj wfq}a cqyybj}, ~bq mfj w`fma ylae fj~{lasa bj yla}msaaj ylfy ~bq {fjy dbs yla dnjf` wsbiqmy, ~bq mfjnjm`qia%nd ~bq {fjy yb njm`qia f `nyyà tniab, f`` ~bq lftayb ib n} isfk fji isbw yla `nyyà tniab nmbj snkly bjyb~bqs }msaaj ylfy yla~ knta ~bq fji ylaj ~bq mfj sa%}nzany* ]b, ~bq mfj }nza yla tniab fj~ }nza ylfy ~bq {fjy*]b, nd ~bq {fjy yb lfta f `nyyà%ày„} }f~ ~bqs }msaaj n}9― c~ 9― fji ~bq {fjy f `nyyà 3|3― tniab bd ~bq }nyynjkqw nj yla mbsjas, ~bq mfj ib ylfy* Fji ny {n`` w`f~ tniab{nylnj tniab8 tniab {nylnj yla wsbksfe*


Ifta âfl*

]mbyy ^bq mbqì q}a ylfy f} f knta f{f~ cbjq}* ^bq mbqì msafya}beaylnjk saf``~ vqnmh* N oq}y%ylnjhnjk fcbqy yln} jb{,yln} inknyf` eainf cqnìas fji yla niaf ylfy ~bq lfi, N

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





{f} ylnjhnjk bd niaf%oq}y dsbe yf`hnjk lasa yln} niaffcbqy ef~ca%camfq}a ibnjk yqybsnf`} n} cnk*

Ifta âfl*

]mbyy ^bq mbqì ib f yqybsnf` ylfy }lb{} wabwà lb{ yb q}a f }bdy{fsawsbksfe*

Ifta Bl, ~afl*

]mbyy ^bq mbqì ib f saf``~ }newà yqybsnf` fji ylaj oq}y ib{j`bfi ny fjinj}yafi bd lftnjk yb m`nmh bj f cqjml bd `njh} bs%yln}%yla~ bwaj qw yla wsbksfe fji ny„} f`` snkly ylasa*Ylasa„} oq}y }beaylnjk fcbqy lftnjk f wsbksfe ylfy

~bq mfj `fqjml fji ny oq}y%ny„} `nha f nyyà wfmhfka* Nylf} atas~ylnjk ~bq jaai nj ny*

Ifta Ylfy„} snkly* Ny„} kby yla fqinb, tniab fji ya|y f`` nj bja a|amqyfcàdnà*

]mbyy [b{*

Ifta ]b, ~bq mbqì ib, dbs a|fewà%ylfy„} f ksafy a|fewà* ^bq mbqìiaebj}ysfya yla tniab nj f tniab* Snkly ja|y yb ylfy n}

f }msb``njk ya|y* ^bq mfj ib }msb``njk ya|y nj ylasa ylfydb``b{} f`bjk* W`q}, ~bq mfj lfta yla fqinb w`f~njk fyyla }fea ynea* Yla~ mfj safi ny, yla~ mfj `n}yaj yb nyfji yla~ mfj {fyml ny {lnà ny lfwwaj}*


Ifta âfl*

]mbyy Ylasa„} }b efj~ ylnjk} ~bq mfj ib {nyl f `nyyà fww`nmfynbj {nyl ny*

Ifta Fji ny„} }qml f }newà wsbksfe yb q}a* Nd ~bq mfj q}a Bqy`bbh bs~bq mfj q}a%bl, {lfy mbqì N mbewfsa ny yb* Nd ~bq mfjq}a Mfeyf}nf bs Mfe ]yqinb ~bq mfj q}a yln}* Nd ~bqmfj q}a f ksfwlnm} wsbksfe, yb knta ~bq fj a|fewà,{a `nha Fibca Nefka ]y~às* [a q}a ylfy f`` yla ynea*Nd ~bq mfj q}a Fibca Nefka ]y~às ~bq mfj q}a yln}camfq}a f`` ~bq„sa ibnjk n} isfkknjk fji isbwwnjk `nyyà

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ifta âfl* âfl* Ylfy„} ksafy* ]b, fj~ylnjk yb ib {nyl {bsh}lbw} bsmbqs}a} n} saf``~ f kbbi niaf yb ia`ntas bj`nja* @bbh fye~ mbqs}a ^bq Mfj Efha Ebja~ bj`nja, ^bq Mfj Efha^bqs @ntnjk Bj`nja mbqs}a* Ny }bì a|ysaea`~ {a`` fji Nylnjh yla saf}bj dbs ylfy n} camfq}a wabwà {fjy f }yawc~ }yaw w`fj fji f `by bd njdbsefynbj efshayas} yaji yb oq}y iqew f`` yla njdbsefynbj yla~ lfta fcbqy fwfsynmq`fs }qcoamy njyb ylans wsbiqmy fji ylasa„} `by} bd njdbsefynbj ylasa, cqy ny„} jby wsa}ajyai {a`` ajbqkl dbsylans safias} yb f}}nen`fya ny, q}a ny fji ylaj kb bqy fjica fcà yb efha ny q}fcà }b yla~ mfj kb bqy fji saf``~,saf``~ q}a yla njdbsefynbj ylfy yla~„ta kby*

]mbyy Kbbi wbnjy* Kbbi wbnjy*

Ifta ]b, yla}a hnji} bd wsbksfe} fmyqf``~ la`w ib ylfy*

]mbyy ]b, niaf y{b, jb{*

Ifta @ay„} }aa* Lasa„} f `n}y%bhf~, yln} n} fj bddas ylfy N {f} kbnjk ybbddas yb e~ `n}y, {lnml N lftaj„y ibja, cqy yla}a fsa f``niaf}, saeaecas* Yla}a fsa oq}y niaf} ylfy N lfi{snyyaj ib{j fji N ef~ ib yln} ~ay* F =7 wfka }nya

{nyl fj fddn`nfya `njh bwynenzai dbs f`` }afsml ajknja},a}wamnf``~ Kbbkà* [a``, {a yf`hai fcbqy%jb{, yln} n}vqnya f{lnà fkb* @bbh fy yla ifya bj ylfy*

]mbyy Bl, {b{*

Ifta Oqja 34, 377=* Ylfy {f} y{b ~afs} fkb, snkly* Jb{, ylasa„} fyassndnm wsbiqmy bqy, snkly2 [a {asa oq}y yf`hnjk fcbqyny* ^bq„ta lfi f nyyà }qmma}}*

]mbyy âfl* Ny„} yla Fsynmà Avqf`nzas c~ Oadd Fìas}bj*

Ifta âfl* Fsynmà Avqf`nzas* @bbh fy ylfy*

]mbyy =7 wfka }nya* âw*

Ifta Ny„`` bwynenza fsynmà}* Yla {lbà cny* Ylasa„} fj niaf N wsbcfc`~}lbqì„ta oqewai bjyb ~afs} fkb %cqy, {nyl fsynmà

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





avqf`nzas, jb{, ~bq mfj msafya mbjyajy }b vqnmh`~ fjicqnì f }nya bj fj~ ybwnm ylfy ~bq mfj wb}}nc`~ ylnjh bd*

]mbyy [a``, Ifta, ~bq oq}y }fni }beaylnjk yb ea* Yla niaf {f} yln}, n}ylfy {a yfha%ny„} jby dbs }qsa, ny„} jby nj }ybja ~ay, cqyyla niaf {f} yfha yla wsbiqmy `nha ylfy Oadd Fìas}bj oq}y mfea bqy {nyl, Fsynmà Avqf`nzas, fji N eafj {nylnjenjqya} ~bq mfj lfta fj njia| wfka {nyl }atasf` bylas}qc%insamybsna} ylfy lfta f`` yla}a inddasajy fsynmà} fjibwynenza f yaew`fya, f {ac wfka, ylfy f`safi~ lf} ylambjyajy fji ylaj yqsj fsbqji fji }fà ylfy f} f }yfjif`bja wsbiqmy*

Ifta Ylfy„} snkly* ]a`` ny f} f }yfji f`bja wsbiqmy* @ay„} }f~ ~bq„sa jby

wfsynmq`fs`~ njyasa}yai nj f jnmla, cqy ~bq hjb{ ylfybylas wabwà fsa* Dbs a|fewà, f lbcc~ jnmla `nhamsbmlaynjk bs fjbylas lbcc~ `nha%N hjb{ ylasa„} }beawabwà {lb `nha yb wfnjy sb}a} bj%bs wfnjyai dqsjnyqsafji ylnjk} `nha ylfy* @ay„} }f~ ~bq msafyai f jnmla {ac}nya dq`` bd ksafy mbjyajy q}njk Fsynmà Avqf`nzas* ^bqqw`bfi ny yb ~bqs ibefnj jfea* Jb{ ny„} ~bqs ibefnjjfea, {l~ jby q}a%{l~ jby }a`` ylfy f} yla wsbiqmy2^bqs ajynsa ibefnj {nyl f`` bd yln} jnmla mbjyajy ylfyybbh ~bq, N ibj„y hjb{, lb{ `bjk2 Ef~ca 61, 37

enjqya} yb cqnì*

]mbyy âfl, bs nd ~bq {fjy yb }waji f `nyyà cny ebsa ynea fji msafya }beasaf``~ jnma%camfq}a, }aa, {nyl Oadd„} wsbiqmy ny mbea}{nyl oq}y }bea iadfq`y yaew`fya}* ^bq mfj yfha fja|n}ynjk njia| dnà*

Ef~ca%yln} n} {lfy N ini {nyl yln} bja }nya ylfy N lfi* N{fjyai yb ca fcà yb fii }bea nj}yfjy mbjyajy yb ny fjifsynmà} bd saàtfjm~ yb yla }qcoamy fy lfji fji N ini ny{nylnj f efyyas bd enjqya} fji N }ajy ny bqy, eajynbjnjk

ny yb e~ `n}y, fji N lfi f da{ wabwà ylfy cbqkly ny, cqyyln} mbjmawy jb{, yln} n} `nha yla mbjmawy ylfy ~bq}lfsai {nyl ea cfmh f da{ ~afs} fkb {lasa ~bq {asaq}njk f wsbksfe, f wnama bd }bdy{fsa, ylfy%N ylnjh {lfy%{lfy {f} ny mf`ài2 Iaaw Fjf`~}n}*

Ifta Bl, ~afl* Iaaw Fjf`~}n}* Ylfy„} snkly* âfl* Ylfy„} snkly* âfl*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





]mbyy Fji ~bq {asa mb`àmynjk ifyf bs njdbsefynbj fcbqy masyfnj }a`às} bjA%cf~ fji ~bq msafyai f sawbsy bqy bd ny fji ~bq {asafmyqf``~ }a``njk yla sawbsy}* N ylbqkly ylfy {f} fja|ma`àjy niaf*

Ifta âfl* [lfy N ini {f} N fmyqf``~ dbqji bqy {lb {f} }qmma}}dq``~}a``njk ylnjk} bj A%cf~ fji ylaj nj yla sawbsy} q}njkIaaw Fjf`~}n} N {bqì }lfsa yla njdbsefynbj fcbqy lb{eqml ylfy }a`às efia q}njk ylans A%cf~ NI, {lfy y~wabd njdbsefynbj, {lfy {asa yla~ }a``njk, {lfy {asa ylansftasfka }fà }nza {f}, camfq}a Iaaw Fjf`~}n} f``b{ai~bq yb ib f`` bd yla}a y~wa} bd fjf`~}n} fji ylaj knta~bq yln} njdbsefynbj vqnya af}n`~ fji f`` N ini {f} }qsd

A%cf~, dnji bqy {lb yla }qmma}}dq` }fà} {asa, sqj ylansA%cf~ NI ylsbqkl Iaaw Fjf`~}n} fji ylaj msafya e~sawbsy} dsbe ylfy*

Ny {f} wsbcfc`~ bja bd yla af}na}y wsbiqmy} N atas }bì*Ny {f} ksafy* N ajiai qw }a``njk ylfy mbjmawy, ylfy niaf,yb }beacbi~ a`}a dbs vqnya f cny bd ebja~* Cqy, ylfymbjmawy bd q}njk }bdy{fsa%{lfy ini N mf`` ny2

]mbyy ]bdy{fsa ylfy efha} ~bq ebja~*

Ifta âfl* Ylasa {f} fjbylas ksafy wnama bd }bdy{fsa, fy yla ynea, ylfyf``b{ai ~bq yb yfha dq`` wfka} nj ya|y bd njdbsefynbj fji~bq w`qk ny njyb yla }bdy{fsa fji ny {bqì ya`` ~bq nd ny{f} w`fknfsnzai bj yla njyasjay* Ny {f} f ksafy wnama bd }bdy{fsa* [lfy N ini {f} N }ajy bqy f jbynma yb e~ `n}y}f~njk ‐la~, ~bq kq~}, w`fknfsn}e n} f saf` wsbcàe bjyla njyasjay* Nd ~bq„sa njyasa}yai, ya`` ea%knta ea f{ac wfka fji N„`` sqj ny ylsbqkl e~ wsbksfe fc}b`qya`~dsaa dbs ~bq fji N„`` ya`` ~bq nd bylas wabwà fsaw`fknfsnznjk ~bqs }nya*― Ny {f} f }astnma* ]b, N }ajy ny

bqy yb atas~cbi~ fji yla~ }fni ‐~afl, ~afl*― N lfi f`by bd sa}wbj}a ylasa*

F `by bd wabwà }ajy ea ylans QS@} fji wfka} ylfy yla~{fjyai yb mlamh yb efha }qsa jbcbi~ {f} w`fknfsnznjkylae fji f`` N ini {f} sqj ny ylsbqkl yln} }bdy{fsawsbksfe fji ny mfea cfmh {nyl f {lbà `n}y bd }nya}, nd

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





yla~ {asa w`fknfsnzai, fji }beaynea} {a fmyqf``~ dbqjif mbqwà w`fknfsn}y}*

]mbyy Saf``~*

Ifta N%yla wsbksfe }wny bqy f sawbsy }f~njk {lfy yla {ac }nya} {asa fjif `by bd inddasajy njdbsefynbj fji N oq}y }ajy ylfy bdd ybylae f} f dsaa }astnma* N ini ylfy dsaa* Jb{, ylasa„} f{ac }nya ylfy iba} ylfy fc}b`qya`~ dsaa mf`àiMbw~}mfwa*mbe* M%B%W%^%]%M%F%W%A*mbe*

]mbyy Bhf~*

Ifta Fji {lfy ~bq mfj ib n} ~bq mfj wqy nj f }njkà {ac wfka nj ylasa

fji ny {n`` }wny bqy f`` bd yla wfka} ylfy efyml ylfy%`nha nd ny„} fj <1! efyml bs f >7! efyml bs f >1! efyml*]b, ~bq mfj mlamh ~bqs}a`d {laylas bs jby ~bqs wfka}fsa canjk w`fknfsnzai* Jb{, lasa„} fj njyasa}ynjk y{n}yyb yln}*

N lfi bja tas~ `fska njyasjay efshayas {lb {f} bj e~`n}y fji la }ajy ea f `njh, cqy la }fni ‐yln} n} f wfkaylfy N q}a fji N„ta }bì yla sa}fà snkly} yb e~ wsbiqmy*N {fjy yb }aa lb{ efj~ bylas wabwà fsa q}njk yla

}fà} wfka ylfy N kfta ylae* Lb{ efj~ wabwà fsa bqyylasa }a``njk ny2

Fji ~bq hjb{ {lfy N„e kbnjk yb ib2 N„e kbnjk ybmlamh ny fkfnj}y e~ sambsi} yb efha }qsa ylfy}beacbi~ n}j„y }a``njk ny n`àkf``~, }b bj`~ tf`ni sa}a`às}fsa bqy ylasa*― ]b, la kfta ea yla `njh fji ny mfeacfmh {nyl fcbqy 9> inddasajy }nya} fji la a%efnài eacfmh fji la kba} ‐~bq hjb{ {lfy2 Ylfy n} fc}b`qya`~dfjyf}ynm*― La efymlai afml bja bd ylb}a 9> }nya} {nylln} sa}a`às ifyfcf}a fji la dbqji y{b wabwà {lb {asa

}a``njk mbwna} bd ln} cbbh n`àkf``~* Mbjyfmyai yla {aclb}y neeainfya`~ fji lfi ylae }ybw* ]b, ny„} f saf``~wb{asdq` ybb`*

Cqy, }bdy{fsa%N {f} ylnjhnjk dbs f{lnà bd sqjjnjk ylfyf} f }astnma* ‐La~, }aji ea ~bqs QS@* N„`` mlamh ybefha }qsa ylfy ~bqs }nya n}j„y canjk w`fknfsnzai― fji N

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





ylnjh ylfy mbqì }yn`` {bsh ybif~* N ylnjh ylasa„} f `by bd }nya} bqy ylasa ylfy ibj„y qjias}yfji ylfy ny„} }b af}~ ybmbw~ f {ac }nya fji nd ~bq„sa jby mlamhnjk%

]mbyy Ylfy lfwwajai yb ea*

Ifta âfl* Bl, ini ny2

]mbyy Ny ini lfwwaj yb ea* Ny lfwwajai yb ea {nyl e~ cbbh fji N„e jbykbnjk yb eajynbj fj~ jfea}, cqy%

Ifta âfl, {a ibj„y {fjy yb eajynbj jfea} lasa*

]mbyy Cqy, ~afl* Ylasa„} iadnjnya`~ f jaai dbs ylfy* Camfq}a yb mbecfy

yla wabwà ylfy fsa {fjynjk yb, cf}nmf``~, }yaf` ~bqswsbiqmy, }yaf` ~bqs {ac }nya, }yaf` ~bqs }fà} wfka*

Ifta Ylfy„} snkly* Eb}y wabwà, >>! bd wabwà fsa fc}b`qya`~ lbja}y fjind ~bq }fà ylae sa}fà snkly} bs nd yla~ lfta yla sa}fàsnkly} fji yla~ lfta yla snkly yb }fà ny, ylfy„} ksafy*Cqy, ~bq hjb{ {lfy2 ]bea wabwà fsa jby lbja}y,qjdbsyqjfya`~, fji ylfy„} f saf`ny~ bd yla {bsì* Nd yla~hjb{ ~bq„sa }a``njk sa}fà snkly} yb }beaylnjk, yla~enkly cq~ ny dsbe f sa}a`às dbs mlafw, }yaf` ylans }fà}

àyyas fji }yfsy }a``njk ny bj ylans b{j ylnjhnjk ylfy yla~lfta yla snkly} yb }fà ny {laj yla~ saf``~ ibj„y* Bja bd yla {f~} yb mbw~ ny%yb mbecfy ylfy n} yb q}aMbw~}mfwa*mbe fji%

]mbyy [a„sa `bbhnjk fy ny snkly jb{*

Ifta âfl* Mbw~}mfwa* Nd ~bq kb ylasa n} `bbh} fèb}y `nha f Kbbkàhnji bd njyasdfma*

]mbyy âfl* Ny iba}*

Ifta Ny„} tas~, tas~ }newà yb q}a* Ny }f~} ‐dnji mbwna} bd ~bqs wfka bjyla {ac― fji f`` ~bq lfta yb ib ny y~wa nj yla QS@ bd ylawfka ylfy ~bq {fjy yb lfta mlamhai f`` btas ylanjyasjay* Fji ày ea }lb{ ~bq bja* Yln} n} yla bjaylfy N knta yb e~ sa}a`às}*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





]mbyy Bhf~* Ny„} }mfjjnjk*

Ifta âfl* Ny„} }mfjjnjk* [a }aa f `nyyà cfs kbnjk fmsb}} ylasa fjiyla}a%jb{, {lfy ny {n`` ib n} ny {n`` knta ~bq yla ybw yajsa}q`y} fji ~bq mfj }aa yla wabwà {lb lfta yln} {ac}nya* Jb{ yln} n} yla {ac }nya ylfy N knta yb e~sa}a`às}, cqy N mfj kb ylsbqkl fji N mfj mlamh nd nj dfmyyla wabwà {lb fsa q}njk e~ {ac wfka ylfy N knta ybsa}a`às} fsa q}njk ny àknynefya`~ bs jby àknynefya`~*

]mbyy ]b ~bq ylbqkly bd msafynjk f }astnma bqy bd yln} dbs wabwà*

Ifta Msafya f }astnma* âfl* Fc}b`qya`~* ]aa {lfy yla~„sa ibnjk%Mbw~}mfwa n} fj njyasa}ynjk%yla~ oq}y mfea bqy {nyl

yln}* Ylasa {f} f }asna} bd cbbh} ylfy mfea bqysamajy`~ `nha Kbbkà Lfmh}* ^bq }aaj ylb}a2 Ylasa„} fwqc`n}lnjk mbewfj~ ylfy mbea} bqy Kbbkà Lfmh}, A%cf~ Lfmh}* Lfta ~bq }aaj ylb}a2

]mbyy N ylnjh }b* Ny snjk} f ca`` cqy ~bq„sa kbnjk yb lfta yb sadsa}l e~eaebs~*

Ifta Bhf~* @ay„} yfha f `bbh bj Fefzbj* Nd ~bq kb yb Fefzbj*mbe ~bqmfj yfha f bbh fy yla Lfmh cbbh}* Yla~ mf`` ylae lfmh

cbbh}* [a„`` yfha f bbh fy yla Kbbkà Lfmh*

]mbyy Bhf~*

Ifta Nj yla Kbbkà Lfmh cbbh, {lfy ny iba} n} ny„``%ny knta} ~bq f }msnwyylfy ~bq mfj q}a yb%nd ~bq {fjyai yb ib f }astnma }nen`fsyb Mbw~}mfwa, {lfy yla~ ini n} yla~ ybbh yla }msnwy ylfy{f} kntaj nj Kbbkà Lfmh}, {lnml n} wqc`n}lai c~B„San``~ fji yla~ bddasai ny f} f {ac }astnma* [lfyKbbkà iba}, {lnml f `by bd wabwà ibj„y saf`nza, n} ylfy~bq mfj yfha fj ajynsa 177 wfka ya|y dnà fji q}njk yla

}msnwy nj Kbbkà Lfmh} ~bq mfj }afsml dbs ylfy f`` btasyla njyasjay, f`` btas Kbbkà„} ifyfcf}a yb }aa lb{efj~ efymla} ylasa fsa fji yla wasmajyfka bd ylaefyml fji ylfy„} {lfy Mbw~}mfwa n} ibnjk* ]b, yla}msnwy ylfy Mbw~}mfwa n} q}njk n} fmyqf``~ wsbcfc`~ftfn`fcà%

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





]mbyy Dsbe yln} cbbh*

Ifta Dsaa`~ dsbe yln} cbbh*

]mbyy Bl, bhf~*

Ifta ]b, nd ~bq {fjyai yb sqj ~bqs b{j }astnma ~bq {bqìj„y lfta ybmbw~ a|fmy`~ {lfy Mbw~}mfwa n} ibnjk, camfq}a ~bqibj„y {fjy yb ib ylfy*

]mbyy ]b, jb{ ày„} ylnjh fcbqy yln} dbs f `nyyà cny*

Ifta ^bq mbqì kay yla }msnwy dsbe Kbbkà Lfmh}*

]mbyy ]b, ày„} ylnjh fcbqy yln}* ]b, Mbw~}mfwa n} yla bj`~ bja }b dfs bjyla njyasjay ylfy„} bddasnjk f `nyyà%

Ifta Ylfy„} snkly*

]mbyy Ny„} dsaa*

Ifta [a``, ny„} dsaa%~bq hjb{ {lfy2 Ny {f} dsaa dbs f`` sa}q`y} dbs f{lnà*Jb{, N oq}y jbynmai {laj {a ini f }afsml lasa, ny„} dsaabj`~ dbs yla ybw yaj sa}q`y}*

]mbyy Bl, bhf~*

Ifta Fji ylaj {lfy yla~ ib, fji ~bq jbynma btas lasa, ny„} kby Kbbkà fi{bsi} bs Kbbkà%~afl, Kbbkà fi {bsi} sqjjnjk ib{jyla }nia}*

]mbyy Fi }aj}a*

Ifta Fi }aj}a sqjjnjk ib{j yla }nia bd yla wfka* Snkly* Cqy, nd ~bq{fjy yb }aa ebsa sa}q`y} ny }f~} ib{j lasa fy yla

cbyybe bd yla wfka fji kay fqybefynm w`fknfsn}e fàsy}dbs ~bqs ajynsa }nya* Yla~ lfta f }astnma ylfy ~bq mfj}qc}msnca yb dbs )>*>1 f ebjyl*

]mbyy [b{*

Ifta âfl*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





]mbyy Ylfy„} f{a}bea* ]beacbi~ lfi f%ny {f} fj niaf* Yla~ ybbh ny fjiyla~ sfj {nyl ny*

Ifta Ylfy„} snkly* âfl*

]mbyy Ylfy„} ysaeajibq}*

Ifta âw* N ylnjh fj~cbi~ mbqì ib ylfy* N ylnjh ylasa„} `by} bd%

]mbyy [a``, ~afl* ^bq mbqì mbea nj fji%iadnjnya`~ {fjy yb ca aylnmf`fcbqy ny, cqy N hjb{ wabwà yb kay cq}nja}} yla~„`` qjiascni wabwà* Yla~„`` msafya f }astnma oq}y `nha yln} fjimlfska )4*>1 f ebjyl* Cqy, ylfy„} ajynsa`~ qw yb ~bq,

cqy ~bq masyfnj`~ lfta yla dsaaibe yb ib ylfy*


]mbyy Yb mbewaya {nyl bylas wabwà*

Ifta Ylfy„} snkly fji yla }msnwy ylfy ~bq {fjy yb q}a n} nj ylfy KbbkàLfmh} cbbh*

]mbyy Kbbkà Lfmh} cbbh ylfy ~bq mfj dnji fy Fefzbj*mbe*

Ifta Fefzbj*mbe* â}* Fc}b`qya`~* Yla mbb` ylnjk n} fcbqy ylanjyasjay, fji ~bq eajynbjai fj newbsyfjy wbnjy n} ylfyfj~cbi~ a`}a mfj saf``~ }yfsy f }astnma }nen`fs yb yln},cqy ~bq hjb{ {lfy yla~ ha~ yb efhnjk ny }qmma}}dq` n}2

]mbyy [lfy„} ylfy2

Ifta Ny„} kbnjk yb ca lb{ af}~ ny n} yb q}a dbs yla%fji lb{ eqml iaefji~bq„sa kbnjk yb lfta dbs yla }astnma*

]mbyy A|fmy`~*

Ifta Fji ny„} yla efshaynjk* Ny„} }lb{njk yla cajadny} bd yla }astnmany}a`d* Jb{, N„ta oq}y a|w`fnjai yb ~bq efj~ bd ylacajadny} bd q}njk f }astnma `nha yln}* Nd ~bq„sa }a``njk fsa}fà snkly} ~bq {fjy yb mlamh qw bj wabwà yb efha}qsa yla~„sa jby }a``njk mbwna} bd ~bqs cbbh n`àkf``~*

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^bq mfj q}a ny f} fj fddn`nfya efshayas bs f} f sa}a`às{lb„} njyasa}yai nj cq~njk sa}fà snkly}* @ay„} }f~~bq„sa njyasa}yai nj cq~njk sa}fà snkly} yb f cbbh* FjiN„ta ibja yln}* Yln} n} lb{ N q}a yla }astnma* N {n``fmyqf``~ wqy yla QS@ bd yla }fewà }fà} wfka bd ylawas}bj {lb„} }a``njk yla snkly}* N {fjy yb }aa lb{efj~ bylas sa}a`às} ylasa fsa bqy ylasa*

]mbyy Fl* N }aa {lfy ~bq„sa yf`hnjk fcbqy* âw*

Ifta ]b, N wqy yla QS@ bd yla }fewà }fà} wfka ylfy yla~ kfta ea fjiN„`` }f~ ‐{a``, kaa, nd ylasa„} bj`~ `nha 37 bs =7 }nya} bqyylasa }a``njk ny ylaj ylasa„} jby eqml mbewaynynbj* N„``

kb flafi fji cq~ yla snkly} fji }a`` ny*―

]mbyy Ylfy„} tas~ }efsy*

Ifta Jb{, nd ylasa„} lqjisai} bd wfka} bqy ylasa bs ylbq}fji} bd wfka}bqy ylasa%

]mbyy Dbskay ny*

Ifta Dbskay ny* Ylasa„} {f~ ybb eqml mbewaynynbj* N„`` wsbcfc`~ jatas

efha fj~ ebja~* ]b, N {bj„y cq~ yla snkly} yb ny*

]mbyy [a``, oq}y%~bq„ta kntaj wabwà f saf``~ ksafy }astnma yb q}a oq}y yb%snkly jb{*

Ifta Ylfy„} snkly* Oq}y yb kay ylb}a hnji} bd sa}q`y}* Fc}b`qya`~*

]mbyy N„e kbnjk yb q}a ny* N„`` iadnjnya`~ }fta ny yb enja* ]b, ny„}Mbw~}mfwa*mbe2

Ifta Mbw~}mfwa*mbe* ^bq kay yla dns}y yaj sa}q`y} fc}b`qya`~ dsaa fji

ylaj%

]mbyy )>*>1 f ebjyl nd ~bq {fjy yb kb wf}y yaj sa}q`y} fji kay fqybefynmfàsy ylsbqkl a%efn`*

Ifta Ylfy„} snkly* Ylfy„} snkly* Fji ylasa„}%ylasa„} jb fddn`nfya wsbksfedbs ylfy, }b {a ibj„y%c~ yla {f~, f`` yla {ac }nya} ylfy

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{a„sa eajynbjnjk {a ibj„y efha f wajj~ bj eajynbjnjkylb}a* Yla}a fsa fmyqf` ybb`}%

]mbyy A|fmy`~*

Ifta Saf` ybb`} ylfy njyasjay efshayas} mfj q}a yb efha ebsa ebja~*

]mbyy Cqy }beacbi~ a`}a ylfy„} `n}yajnjk yb yln}, bja bd bqs }qc}msncas},mfj kb yb Fefzbj, cq~ yla cbbh Kbbkà Lfmh}, nj}yf``yla }msnwy, }ay yln} f`` qw, mbewaya {nyl Mbw~}mfwa*mbe%

Ifta â}, fc}b`qya`~*

]mbyy Fji ataj }ay qw fj fddn`nfya wsbksfe*

Ifta ]ay qw fj fddn`nfya wsbksfe* Ylfy„} snkly*

]mbyy Fji yla}a kq~} fsaj„y ibnjk ny* La~, ylasa„} fj bwwbsyqjny~ lasa*

Ifta Ylasa n}%~bq„sa snkly* ^bq„sa fc}b`qya`~ snkly* Ylasa n} fjbwwbsyqjny~ camfq}a%yln} n} f ebjyl`~ }qc}msnwynbj* Nmfj }aa f }astnma ylfy {bqì ib anylas f ebjyl`~}qc}msnwynbj dbs {ac }nya} {lb saf``~ {fjy yb efha }qsaylfy ylans }nya} fsaj„y canjk w`fknfsnzai bj f sakq`fs

cf}n}, a}wamnf``~ nd yla~ lfta mbjyajy* Nd ~bq lftabsnknjf` fsynmà} bj ~bqs {ac }nya, lb{ af}~ ny n} dbswabwà yb kb nj ylasa, mbw~ ylae, }`fw ylans b{j jfeabj ny fji }ynmh qw ylasa bj ylans {ac }nya*

Yln} n} f {f~ yb wsbyamy ylb}a wabwà {lb lfta {bshaisaf``~ lfsi yb msafya bsnknjf` mbjyajy fji yla~ ibj„y{fjy yb kay mbwnai* Ylb}a hnji bd wabwà {bqì}qc}msnca bj f ebjyl`~ cf}n}* N {bqì f`}b bddas f bjaynea daa* @ay„} }f~ ~bq oq}y {fjyai q} yb ib ny bjma njf{lnà* ^bq {fjy q} yb mlamh ~bqs {ac wfka fkfnj}y f``

yla bylas {ac wfka} bj yla njyasjay fji }aa nd fj~cbi~„} mbw~njk ~bq dbs f bja ynea daa* ]b, ~bqmbqì ib cbyl*

]mbyy Kbbi wbnjy* [a``, Ifta, }wafhnjk bd }bdy{fsa ylfy efha} ~bqebja~, N ibj„y lfta e~ `nyyà cbbh ylfy N mfj wq`` bqy*F `by bd ynea} N oq}y lfta yla }yqdd nj e~ lafi fji yln}

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n} {l~ ~bq }f~ ny„} kbbi yb lfta f yb ib `n}y fji lfta%ny„} dqjj~* N saeaecas f `bjk ynea fkb ~bq }fni ‐bl,~bq kby yb mfss~ }beaylnjk {nyl ~bq ylfy ~bq mfj {snyaib{j― fji N }aa a|fmy`~ {lfy ~bq eafj* N„e kbnjk ybkb wnmh qw f `nyyà jbya wfi `nha ylfy lasa ybjnkly}beaynea*

Ifta âfl* Ny„} bj`~ f `nyyà =|1, ef~ca, jbyacbbh fji N kby yln} fy]yfwà}* Ny„} mf`ài f eaeb cbbh*

]mbyy âfl, ny„} oq}y f `nyyà jbya wfi cbbh `nha%

Ifta Oq}y f `nyyà jbya wfi ylfy dny} nj ~bqs wbmhay bs dny} nj ~bqs ofmhaywbmhay bs }beaylnjk fji {laj ~bq„sa bqy sninjk fsbqji

fji ~bq }aa fj njyasa}ynjk niaf bs ~bq ylnjh bd fjnjyasa}ynjk niaf oq}y {snya ny ib{j*

]mbyy [a``, ~bq q}a ylfy* ^bq q}ai ylfy ybif~ yb {snya f`` ~bqs%{snyanjdbsefynbj ib{j fcbqy }bea cbbh} ylfy {a {asa`bbhnjk fy fy yla q}ai cbbh }lbw*

Ifta â}* N ini*

]mbyy ]b, N mfj }aa lb{ ylfy mbea} iadnjnya`~ nj lfji%jb{, yla niaf ylfy N

lfi, }wafhnjk bd efhnjk ~bqs b{j }bdy{fsa, ylfy N lftaqw lasa nj e~ jbbià n} q}njk%jb{, yln} n} fmyqf``~Iftni K{~jibj kfta ea yln} niaf fji N„e oq}y kbnjk yb}lfsa yln} {nyl fj~cbi~ {lb {fjy} yb yfha yln} fji q}ayln} dbs fj~cbi~ ylfy b{j} bs lf} ib{j`bfiai, cbqkly%

Ifta ^bq }qsa Ifta {bqì ca bhf~ {nyl yln}2

]mbyy âfl* Camfq}a la }lfsai yla niaf {nyl ea* La {f} yla bja ylfy}lfsai yla niaf {nyl ea fji la }f~}%

Ifta Cqy, la„} bhf~ yb }lfsa ny {nyl atas~cbi~2

]mbyy Bl, ~afl*

Ifta Bhf~* N oq}y {fjy yb mlamh*

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]mbyy La oq}y }fni ‐lasa„} f {f~ ylfy }beacbi~ mbqì q}a e~ }bdy{fsafji fmyqf``~ msafya―%camfq}a {a {asa yf`hnjk fcbqy yln}f `nyyà cny fji la }f~} ‐~bq„sa masyfnj`~ dsaa yb ib ylfy*― Yln} n} dbs fj~cbi~ ylfy lf}j„y wqsmlf}ai IftaK{~jibj„} Lby Nyae Dnjias ]bdy{fsa, {lnml fmyqf``~vqasna} A%cf~ fji ya``} ~bq {lfy nyae} fsa }a``njk, nyfmyqf``~ knta} ~bq f csafh ib{j bj ha~ {bsi}, masyfnjha~ {bsi} wabwà fsa y~wnjk nj* Ny„} caaj fj f{a}beawnama bd }bdy{fsa* ^bq mfj kay ny fy Lbynyaednjias*mbe*Cqy, btas yla `f}y ~afs {a„ta saf``~ lfi }bea kbbisa}q`y} }lfsnjk Ifta„} wsbiqmy {nyl wabwà, cqy yla niaf{f}%n}, nd ~bq„`` jbynma fcbqy Ifta„} wsbiqmy n} ~bq mfjfmyqf``~ }fta sa}q`y} f} lye` dnà}* ^bq mfj }fta ha~{bsi sa}q`y}, ~bq mfj }fta fqmynbj sa}q`y} f} ha~ {bsi

dnà} fji Ifta }f~} ‐~bq hjb{, ylasa„} }b efj~ {f~}ylfy ~bq mfj q}a e~ }bdy{fsa* ^bq mbqì fmyqf``~ yfhayla sawbsy} fji }fà yla sawbsy} yb wabwà fji ylajcfmh aji e~ }bdy{fsa nj yla}a sawbsy}*―

Ifta âfl* âfl* Bl, ylfy„} f kbbi niaf*

]mbyy Ylfy„} f tas~ kbbi niaf* ]b, N„ta caaj ylnjhnjk bj ibnjk ylfy*Ifta n} masyfnj`~ bhf~ {nyl ea ibnjk ylfy* ]b, N {fjyaiyb ca fcà yb }lfsa ylfy niaf lasa {nyl wabwà, camfq}a

ny„} f ksafy niaf w`q} wabwà ylfy {fjy yb cq~ Ifta„}wsbiqmy ny„`` masyfnj`~ la`w bqy Ifta fji N hjb{ Ifta{n`` fwwsamnfya ylfy*

Ifta âfl* [a``, ylfy„} f yassndnm niaf camfq}a ny„}, fkfnj, }bdy{fsa ylfyefha} ~bq ebja~*

]mbyy A|fmy`~*

Ifta Ylasa„} f `by bd }bdy{fsa, bd mbqs}a, ny„} bj`~ dbs ~bqs b{j was}bjf`q}a, }beaynea}, cqy ylasa„} efj~ inddasajy {f~} fji

~bq lfta yb mlamh yla `nmaj}njk bd yla }bdy{fsa tas~mfsadq``~, bctnbq}`~, camfq}a ~bq ibj„y {fjy yb tnb`fyafj~ yase} bd yla `nmaj}a bj f wnama bd }bdy{fsa* Cqy,efj~ ynea} {lfy yla~ f``b{ ~bq yb ib n} yla sa}q`y} bd ~bqs q}a bd yla }bdy{fsa, yla sawbsy} ylfy ~bq kajasfyafji efj~ bd yla bylas%yla bqywqy bd yla }bdy{fsa mfjca q}ai fj~ {f~ ylfy ~bq {fjy fji nd ylfy„} ysqa ylaj

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~bq mfj msafya wsbiqmy} dsbe ylfy }bdy{fsa ylfy ~bqmfj }fà btas fji btas fji btas* Ylfy„} f iafi }newà{f~ bd msafynjk fj njdbsefynbj wsbiqmy bs fj~ylnjk `nhaylfy* Ylasa„} f wsbksfe ylfy N q}ai f da{ ~afs} fkbylfy f``b{ai ~bq yb dnji njh wfsyjas}* Dbs masyfnj ha~{bsi}* N wqy nj ha~ {bsi}, N wqy nj wfsfksfwl} fjiia}msnwynbj} bd }nya} ylfy N {f} wfsynmq`fs`~ njyasa}yai njfji ny kfta ea cfmh saf``~ lnkl`~ sadnjai }afsml sa}q`y}bd }nya} ylfy N mbqì njh yb* [lfy f ksafy wsbiqmy* Ny„}`nha f insamybs~ bd }wamnf` ha~ {bsi} fji lnkl`~ saàtfjy}nya} {nyl ksafy wfka sfjh ylfy ~bq mbqì }fà yb bylasnjyasjay efshayas} {lb {asa njyasa}yai nj kayynjk `njh}dsbe yla}a }nya} f} {a``* ]b, ylasa„} `by} bd {f~} ylfy~bq mbqì q}a }bdy{fsa ylfy efha} ~bq ebja~*

]mbyy Iadnjnya`~* N oq}y {fjy yb fieny yb wabwà lasa, dns}y bd f``, ylfy N„e}beacbi~ ylfy%~bq }fni ny iba}j„y yfha f lqka bddnma* Nyiba}j„y yfha yla}a }wamnf` }hn``}* Ny oq}y yfha}ebyntfynbj fji yla {n``njkja}} yb àfsj*


]mbyy Yb newàeajy fj niaf* F `by bd yla ynea} ~bq ef~ ylnjh ylfy ~bqenkly lfta fj niaf ylfy {bj„y ib saf``~ {a``* F wasdamy

a|fewà bd ylfy n} yla niaf ylfy N lfi dbs e~ cbbh* Yln}}yqdd }fà} `nha msfz~ bj A%cf~* [lfy fj a|ma`àjy niaf,f`ylbqkl fy yla ynea N inij„y ylnjh ny {f} f ksafy niaf*N„e }qsa k`fi ylfy N yf`hai yb ~bq fji N yf`hai yb Ofea}camfq}a ~bq kq~} }fni ‐la~, ~bq bqkly yb ibmqeajyylfy― fji ny {f} f wasdamy niaf* Cqy ny iba}j„y yfha fj~}wamnf` hjb{àika, }wamnf` }hn `* Ny oq}y yfha} yla{n``njkja}} yb àfsj*

Ifta [a``, ày„} yf`h fcbqy ylfy dbs oq}y f }ambji, camfq}a {lfy ~bqeajynbjai {f} }beaylnjk saf``~ newbsyfjy fji ylfy {f}

ylfy ~bq dbqji }beaylnjk%N saeaecas {laj ~bq yf`haiyb ea yla dns}y if~ ny {f} ‐]mbyy, {lfy lfta ~bq caajqw yb2― fji ~bq }fni ‐{a``, N„e bqy bj yla sbfi `bbhnjkfy ylnjk}*―

]mbyy â}, N saeaecas ylfy*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ifta ‐N {f} kbnjk bqy cq~njk }yqdd*― Fji N }fni ‐bl, {lfy fsa ~bqcq~njk2― fji N }fni ‐bl, {lfy ib ~bq ib {nyl ylae fdyas~bq cq~ ylae2― ‐[a``, N„e wqyynjk ylae qw bj A%cf~*N„e cq~njk ylae dbs―%{lfy2 Lb{ eqml {asa%)67, )61,)37 }a``njk ylae dbs );1, )<1*

]mbyy Saf``~ mlafw* âw*

Ifta Dbs afml bja fji N„e ylnjhnjk ‐~bq cq~njk f `by2 ^bq }a``njkylae2―* ‐âfl, N„e }a``njk ylae*― N }fni ‐kaa, ]mbyy,~bq kby yb {snya ib{j yla }yaw} ylfy ~bq„ta yfhaj ybmsafya yln} `nyyà jnmla cq}nja}} fji―%yln} }yqdd }fà} `nhamsfz~ bj A%cf~ fji ylfy„} {lasa yla jfea bd ~bqswsbiqmy mfea dsbe fji nd ~bq lfta fj~ hnji bd `nyyà

}qmma}}dq` ylnjk ylfy ~bq„sa ibnjk `nha ylfy f`` ~bq kby ybib n}%

]mbyy ^bq kby f wsbiqmy*

Ifta Ibmqeajy yla }yaw} ylfy ~bq yfha yb ib ny fji ib ny }qmma}}dq``~ fji~bq„ta kby f wsbiqmy ~bq mfj }fà*

]mbyy Ylfy„} a|fmy`~ snkly* Ylfy„} {lfy N„ta lfi f da{ bd e~ }qc}msncas}yb mf`` fji {a„ta yf`hai fji tas~ jnma db`h}* N saf``~

fwwsamnfya ylae fji ylfy„}%N„e jbcbi~ }wamnf`* N„ejbcbi~ ylfy lf} }wamnf` hjb{àika* N inij„y kb ybmb`àka* Nj dfmy, N„ta mbea yb saf`nza ylfy N„e f was}bjylfy„} wsfmynmf` w}~mlb`bknmf``~ qjaew`b~fcà fji }b Njaaiai yb dnkqsa bqy f {f~ yb kajasfya }bea njmbeafji yla njyasjay n} fj qjdfylbefcà bwwbsyqjny~* Nlbwa N wsbjbqjmai ylfy {bsi snkly, cqy%

Ifta âfl* N ylnjh ylfy„} bhf~*

]mbyy Cqy, bjma ~bq msafya f wsbiqmy, bja ylnjk ~bq yfqkly ea, bjma ~bq

msafya f wsbiqmy ny„} }b af}~ yb msafya yla }ambjiwsbiqmy camfq}a ~bq oq}y cqnì bdd bd ylfy wsbiqmy ylfy~bq msafyai*

Ifta Fc}b`qya`~*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





]mbyy Fji N„e dnjinjk ylfy yb ca }b ysqa fji fjbylas ylnjk ylfy N dnji ybca saf``~ ebyntfynjk nj yln} bwwbsyqjny~ N eajynbjai yb~bq* N lfi yla bwwbsyqjny~ yb eaay One Mbmlsfj fjiOne Mbmlsfj fmyqf``~ mf`ài ea bj yla wlbja camfq}ala saf``~ `nhai yla cbbh, la ylbqkly ny {f} ksafy, la{fjyai yb wsbebya ny, la {fjyai yb wsbebya yla ja|ycbbh fji lasa„} {lfy la ybì ea* La }fni ‐]mbyy,ylasa„} ajbqkl sbbe dbs 6,777 bylas wabwà yb ib {lfyN„ta ibja*― Ylfy„} One Mbmlsfj, yla fqylbs bd ]nàjy]fà} Efmlnja, lninjk bj A%cf~* 6,777 bylas wabwà ybmbea nj ib yln}* ]b, {laj N dns}y kby njyb yla njyasjayefshaynjk }maja fji N }f{ lb{ efj~ bylas efshayas}{asa bqy ylasa ibnjk f`` yla}a inddasajy ylnjk} N ylbqkly ‐{a``, yln} n} ybyf``~ }fyqsfyai*― Cqy, yla jnmla efsh%

ef~ca, njyasjay efshaynjk nj f }aj}a mbqì ca, cqy ylajnmla efshaynjk, {lasa ~bq dnji `nyyà jnmla}, n}iadnjnya`~ jby }fyqsfyai*

Ifta Jb, fc}b`qya`~ jby* ^bq eajynbjai f mbqwà bd saf``~ newbsyfjywbnjy} fji N ylnjh dbs wabwà {lb fsa oq}y }yfsynjk bqyyla~„sa }f~njk ‐{a``, }beacbi~„} f`safi~ ibnjk ylfy*― Cb~, ylasa n} sbbe dbs atas~cbi~ {lb {fjy} yb kaynjtb`tai*

]mbyy Masyfnj`~*

Ifta Ny„} jby `nha }beacbi~„} ibnjk ny }b N mfj„y ib ny* Jb* ^bq wqy ~bqsb{j was}bjf`ny~ njyb }beaylnjk8 ~bq wqy ~bqs b{j y{n}ybj ny* ^bq ibj„y mbw~ bylas wabwà cqy ~bq wqy ~bqsb{j was}bjf`ny~ fji ~bq ib f `nyyà cny inddasajy ylfjyla~ ib ny fji ~bq msafya wsbiqmy} fsbqji {lfy ~bq dnjiyb ca }qmma}}dq` dbs ~bq fji nd ~bq mfj ib ylfy ~bq mfjmsafya%ylasa n} jb `neny yb yla febqjy bd njdbsefynbjwsbiqmy} ylfy ~bq mfj msafya* Jb{, {a„sa yf`hnjk fcbqyf`` hnji} bd inddasajy cq}nja}}a} fji f`` hnji bd inddasajy

wsbiqmy} ylfy ~bq mfj msafya lasa, cqy N ylnjhnjdbsefynbj wsbiqmy} fsa fc}b`qya`~ yla ca}y* Ylasa{f} f wsnjmnwà ylfy ~bq eajynbjai afs`nas, ybb, n} ylfy~bq {ajy bqy fji cbqkly }beaylnjk `bmf``~ yb }fà bjA%cf~ fji ylfy wsnjmnwà mfj ca q}ai dbs efj~ inddasajyhnji} bd wsbiqmy}* Dbs a|fewà, {a eajynbjai afs`nasylfy {a {ajy bqy `bbhnjk dbs cbbh} yln} ebsjnjk* [a

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dbqji f cbbh dbs )67 RRRRR bj A%cf~ dbs )677* ^bqmfj ib ylfy {nyl jby oq}y cbbh}, cqy ~bq mfj ib ny {nylfj~ hnji bd mb`àmyncà nyae camfq}a ylasa„}bwwbsyqjnyna} f`` btas yla w`fma* ^bq q}ai yb sqj fi} dbsyln} ]fà} @nha Msfz~ A%cf~ cbbh fji ~bq kby wabwà ybmf`` ~bq%

]mbyy â}*

Ifta [lnml n} ksafy*

]mbyy Ylfy„} snkly*

Ifta Nd ~bq lfta fj~ hnji bd }wamnf`nzai hjb{àika, camfq}a ~bq q}ai yb

ca njtb`ta nj yla njiq}ys~ dbs yla }yqdd ylfy ~bq cbqkly*

]mbyy â}*

Ifta Nd ~bq lfta fj~ }wamnf`nzai hjb{àika ~bq mbqì q}a ylfy yb ~bqsfitfjyfka fji cq~ }yqdd `bmf``~ fji }fà ny bj A%cf~*

]mbyy [a``, lasa„} f ksafy niaf ylfy N„ta hnji bd }lfsai {nyl wabwà nj f`nyyà cbbh N%f `nyyà enjn sawbsy N wqy ybkaylas mf`àiaeaskajm~ cq}nja}} niaf} fji q}njk yla }fea

fwwsbfml, sqjjnjk fj fi nj ~bqs `bmf` ja{}wfwas fjikayynjk wabwà yb mf`` ~bq* Nd ~bq„sa {bjiasnjk fcbqy{lfy ~bq mbqì }fà bj A%cf~, camfq}a A%cf~„} f ksafyw`fma yb }yfsy yb dnji bqy nd ylasa„} fmyqf``~ f {fjy dbsyln} y~wa bd fj nyae* Lasa„} f kq~ ylfy N%bj`~ bja kq~ylfy N hjb{ bd ylfy q}a} yln} fwwsbfml fji la efha} ftas~ jnma `ntnjk fji la„} jby f efshayas* La oq}y `n}y}yla }yqdd bj A%cf~* La `nta} ib{j nj @f} Takf} fji{lfy la iba} n} la q}a} {lfy N mf`` yla ‐N cq~ fj~ylnjk― fwwsbfml* La sqj} fj fi nj ln} `bmf` ja{}wfwas fji la}f~} ‐N cq~ fj~ylnjk― fji la kay} wabwà yb mf`` lne

fji la„} wsayy~ }aàmynta* La„} `bbhnjk dbs masyfnjylnjk}* ^bq„i ca }qswsn}ai* Ny„} `nha wabwà%~a}, {a„``kb yb yla wf{j }lbw, cqy f`}b, wabwà fsa `bbhnjk nj ylaja{}wfwas yb ef~ca%dbs {lfyatas saf}bj fji yla~mfyml }beaylnjk ylfy }f~}%yla ‐N cq~―%ny }f~} ‐N cq~fj~ylnjk* Mf`` ea― bs }beaylnjk `nha ylfy* Ny„} `nha ‐la~, N jaai f `nyyà cny bd ebja~*―

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ifta Ylfy„} f ksafy niaf* âfl*

]mbyy ]b, yla~ mf`` ~bqs jqecas fji }f~ ‐N„ta kby yln} isn``― bs ‐la~, N„takby yln} saf``~ sfsa cbbh―* Cqy ~bq lfta yb ca%~bq mfjca }aàmynta fcbqy masyfnj nyae}* Yln} da``b{, njkajasf`, n} fmyqf``~ cq~njk mbj}ysqmynbj avqnweajy fjisa}a``njk ny bj A%cf~*

Ifta [b{* Lby ynmhay nyae*

]mbyy âfl* La lf} f `nyyà cny bd ebja~ la njta}y} cqy la hjb{} {lfyla„} `bbhnjk dbs fji nd ~bq `nta nj fj fsaf ylfy lf} f `bybd mbj}ysqmynbj kbnjk bj, ~bq„`` lfta mbjysfmybs} ylfy

{n`` mf`` ~bq fji }f~ ‐la~, N„ta kby yln} nyae* N ibj„ylfta fj~ q}a dbs ny fj~ebsa* N wfni }b fji }b febqjybd ib``fs} dbs ny* N„`` knta ~bq f saf``~ kbbi iaf`*― ]b,{lfy ~bq mbqì ib n} ~bq mbqì {snya yla jbya} ib{jfcbqy yln} nyae* Yfha }bea iayfn`} ib{j fji }f~ ‐bhf~* @ay ea knta ~bq f mf`` cfmh nj fcbqy 67 enjqya}bs }b*― Oqew bj A%cf~ }aa nd ylfy }yqdd„} }a``njk*

Ifta Kbbi niaf*

]mbyy Mf`` yla kq~ cfmh }f~} ‐~afl, N„`` kb flafi fji knta ~bq }b fji }bfebqjy dbs ny*―

Ifta Jby bj`~ {n`` ~bq hjb{ nd ny„} }a``njk cqy ~bq mfj f`}b iayasenja{lfy wsnma ~bq }lbqì ca bddasnjk dbs ny*

]mbyy Masyfnj`~*

Ifta Fji ~bq hjb{ {lfy2 Ylfy„} f ksafy niaf camfq}a oq}y `nha nj efj~inddasajy dbse} bd cq}nja}}, cqy ny„} a}wamnf``~ ysqa {lajcq~njk fj~ hnji bd mb`àmyncà nyae bs ataj cq~njk }ybmh

bs cq~njk lbq}a} bs cq~njk fj~ylnjk, ~bq„sa kbnjk ybefha ebja~ nd ~bq mfj cq~ fy yla snkly wsnma* ^bq„sa%yla febqjy bd wsbdny ylfy ~bq„sa kbnjk yb efha bj fjnyae `nha ylfy ylfy ~bq„sa kbnjk yb q`ynefya`~ }fà bj A%cf~ n} iayasenjai c~ yla wsnma ~bq mfj cq~ ny8 ~bq„sawsbdny n} `bmhai nj fy ylfy ynea* ]b, canjk }aàmynta n}a|ysaea`~ msnynmf` camfq}a ~bq„sa kbnjk yb kay wabwà

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





{lb fsa mf``njk ~bq* ]bea {n`` ca ia}wasfya }a`às}camfq}a yla~ jaai mf}l snkly f{f~* ]bea {bj„y ca*]bea {n`` bj`~ ca ebiasfya`~ njyasa}yai nj {lfy ~bqlfta yb bddas, cqy nd ~bq mbea fmsb}} f ysq`~ a|mawynbjf`nyae fji yla cq~as n} jby ebyntfyai yb }a``, yla kq~„}kbnjk yb ca `bbhnjk dbs ybb eqml ebja~ }b ~bq„sa jbykbnjk yb ca fcà yb cq~ ny snkly* Jb{, bj yla bylaslfji, ~bq kay }beacbi~ {lb„} kbnjk yb bddas ~bq}beaylnjk ylfy„} wsayy~ kbbi, cqy la„} {n``njk yb ày ny kba|ysaea`~ mlafw fji ylfy„} {lasa cq~njk ny snkly mbea}nj camfq}a ~bq„sa `bmhnjk nj ~bqs wsbdny {laj ~bq cq~ ny*Jby {laj ~bq }fà ny* ^bq ibj„y efha ebja~ {laj ~bq}fà, ~bq efha ebja~ {laj ~bq cq~ ny* Dbs a|fewà, nd }beacbi~ {f} bddasnjk f mbewqyas fji ny„} `nha, ef~ca,

}n| ebjyl} bì fji yla~ sfj njyb f wsbcàe {lasayla~„sa ebtnjk bs }beaylnjk fji yla~ ibj„y {fjy ybmfsy ny {nyl ylae, yla~„sa lnkl`~ ebyntfyai camfq}a yla~ibj„y lfta eqml }wfma nj ylans mfs, yla~„sa ebtnjk {nylylans mfs fji yla~ wfni )6177 }n| ebjyl} fkb fji ylakq~ }f~} ‐`bbh, N oq}y {fjy yb kay sni bd ny* N {fjy mf}ldbs ny* N ibj„y {fjy yb knta ny f{f~, cqy N jaai ylamf}l*― ^bq kb ‐~afl, }qsa* )=77* Ylfy„} e~ wsnma― camfq}a ~bq hjb{ fy àf}y ~bq mfj }a`` ny dbs )477* ^bqmfj ibqcà ~bqs ebja~ bj ny* Cqy, nd yla kq~ }f~} ‐jb,

N„e jby {n``njk yb ày ny kb dbs à}} ylfj )>77 camfq}a Nwfni )6177 dbs ny― {a``, ylaj dbskay ny* Yla mlbnma n}~bqs} yb cq~ ny bs jby* Yla ynea ylfy ~bq efha ~bqsebja~ n} {laj ~bq cq~ ny* Ylfy„} fj newbsyfjy wbnjy,a}wamnf``~ nd ~bq„sa kbnjk yb ca ibnjk {lfy yln} kq~ n}ibnjk }f~njk ‐N„`` cq~ fj~ylnjk*― ^bq mfj„y kb bqy fji}yfsy cq~njk 3"= bd sayfn` wsnma} dbs ylnjk} fji a|wamy ybefha ebja~* N cay%~bq kby yb `b{%cf`` ylb}a hnji bd bddas} ylfy mbea njyb ~bq, bylas{n}a ~bq„sa jby kbnjk ybefha fj~ ebja~* ^bq„sa oq}y kbnjk yb }waji ~bqs mf}ljaaià}}`~* ^bq„sa nj cq}nja}} yb efha ebja~, }b ~bq

kby yb ib ylfy*

]mbyy Fji fjbylas ylnjk, oq}y f saf` vqnmh wnama bd njdbsefynbj* Nd ~bq„sakbnjk yb yfha ylfy fwwsbfml, q}njk yla ‐N cq~ fj~ylnjk― fwwsbfml, bja ylnjk ylfy {bqì mbea fmsb}} fj~cbi~„}enji ylfy {bqì ylnjh njya``nkajy`~ fcbqy yln} n} ‐{a``,lb{ ib ~bq hjb{ nd ~bq„sa cq~njk }beaylnjk }ybàj2―

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





[a``, ylfy„} {laj ~bq `bbh yla nyae btas fji ~bq efha}qsa ny„} kby yla%nd ny„} kby fj~ }asnf` jqecas}, nd ny„} kbyf jfea fji ~bq }f~%}b, nd ny„} kby%}b, nd ny }f~} Oba]enyl bj ny fji }b ~bq f}h ‐{lb„} Oba ]enyl2― fji }f~} ‐bl, N ibj„y hjb{*― ‐[a``, la~, nd ~bq mfj„y ya`` ea {lbOba ]enyl n} ylaj, ~bq hjb{, la~, yln} nyae mbqìwbyajynf``~ ca }ybàj*― Cqy, ylfy„} yb haaw ~bqs}a`d dsbekayynjk nj f }nyqfynbj ylfy%fj qjdbsyqjfya }nyqfynbj bd cq~njk f wbyajynf``~%ajinjk qw {nyl f }ybàj nyae* Cqy%

Ifta Fji fjbylas ylnjk ~bq {fjy yb ib n} kay NI dsbe yla wabwà ylfy~bq„sa cq~njk ny dsbe*

]mbyy Masyfnj`~*

Ifta ^bq {fjy yb }aa f isntas„} `nmaj}a, wnmyqsa NI, fj~ylnjk ylfy„} kbnjkyb wsbyamy ~bqs}a`d fji ~bq {fjy yb knta ylae f samanwy{nyl ylans }nkjfyqsa bj ny fji ~bqs }nkjfyqsa bj ny dbsafml nyae ylfy ~bq cq~*

]mbyy âfl* Fjbylas ylnjk, ybb, fjbylas mbjmasj ylfy N {fjyai yb fiisa}}lasa {f} N lfi }bea wabwà ylfy cbqkly e~ cbbh fjiyla~ f}hai ea ‐{a``, N„e jby saf``~ mbedbsyfcà nj kbnjkbqy yb inddasajy }ysfjkas}„ lbq}a*― Ylfy„} iadnjnya`~ f

mlfjma, N kqa}}, ylfy ~bq mfj yfha, cqy ea, {lasa N`nta, N {f}j„y saf``~ ylfy mbjmasjai {nyl ny* ^bq mfj%nd Nwq`ài qw yb yla w`fma fji }beaylnjk inij„y `bbh snkly,~bq oq}y lfta yb q}a in}msaynbj*

Ifta ]qsa* Fc}b`qya`~*

]mbyy Ny„} oq}y mbeebj }aj}a*

Ifta âfl* [laj N {f} cq~njk cbbh} cfmh nj e~ yb{j, ylasa {f} f{befj {lb lfi f cbbh dbs }fà fji }la }fni ‐{a``, N„i

sfylas jby mbea yb ~bqs lbq}a* Mfj {a eaay}beaw`fma a`}a2― ]b, {a lfta f daiasf` bddnma cqnìnjk RRRRR {nyl }amqsny~ fji yla {lbà ylnjk* N }fni ‐N„`èaay ~bq snkly nj yla `bcc~― fji N {ajy RRRRR {a {ajyib{j ylasa, }la {aj ylsbqkl }amqsny~, N {ajy ylsbqkl}amqsny~, {a eay nj yla `bcc~, {a a|mlfjkai ebja~fji yla cbbh fji }la {f} lfww~ bj las {f~*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





]mbyy âw* Ny„} oq}y `nha f ~fsi }fà, cqy ~bq„sa fmyqf``~ ~bq„sa csnjknjkyla ~fsi%yla~„sa csnjknjk yla ~fsi }fà yb ~bq bs ~bq„sakbnjk yb ylae* Ny„}%

Ifta Wqc`nm w`fma} fsa kbbi nd ~bq {fjy yb a|mlfjka ylnjk} fji ~bq„sa{bssnai fcbqy }amqsny~ ylaj q}a f daiasf`, }yfya bddnmacqnìnjk bs }beaylnjk `nha ylfy8 }bea wqc`nm w`fma*

]mbyy âfl* Eb}y wabwà fsa wsayy~ kajqnja, cqy nd N wq`ài qw yb f w`fmafji ny `bbhai `nha f msfmh janklcbslbbi N„i ca saf``~mbjmasjai*

Ifta Snkly* ^bq {fjy yb q}a mbeebj }aj}a*

]mbyy A|fmy`~*

Ifta âfl, ~bq {fjy yb q}a mbeebj }aj}a*

]mbyy A|fmy`~* Cqy, ny iadnjnya`~ n} f ksafy niaf fji yln} da``b{ ib{j nj @f}Takf} la efha} fj ajynsa%la efha} ln} `ntnjk ibnjkylfy*

Ifta [a``%

]mbyy La {bsh} ylsaa if~} f {aah8 la {bsh} {laj la {fjy}*

Ifta ]qsa*

]mbyy Cqy, yla bwwbsyqjnyna} fsa fèb}y `nenyà}} ny }aae} `nha*

Ifta âfl, yla~ saf``~ fsa* [a``, ày„} kay bj yb }bea bylas niaf} lasa,camfq}a {a„ta yf`hai%{lbf, cb~, {a„ta yf`hai fcbqy }befj~ saf``~ kbbi niaf} ylfy wabwà mfj oq}y yfha fjisqj {nyl ny ybif~ fji {a„sa jby%yla saf}bj dbs yln} fqinb

n} jby yb haaw yla}a niaf} yb bqs}a`ta}, cqy {a„sa ys~njkyb knta f} eqml f} wb}}ncà yb bqs }qc}msncas} fjiylfy„} {l~ {a„sa àyynjk atas~ylnjk bqy lasa* F`` ylahn`às niaf} ylfy {a„ta mbea qw {nyl* Ibj„y `n}yaj yb yln}fqinb oq}y bjma* @n}yaj yb ny }atasf` ynea camfq}a~bq„sa kbnjk yb en}} }bea niaf} ylfy {a„ta mbtasai fjibja bd ylae mbqì ca f hn`às dbs ~bq*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





]b, lasa„} bja ylfy N {sbya ib{j fy }bea wbnjy* ]yfsy ~bqs b{jOfwfja}a wsnjy cq}nja}}* Jb{, N }fà fjynvqa Ofwfja}awsnjy}*

]mbyy Saf``~2

Ifta Yb fsy kf`àsna} f`` btas yla mbqjys~, cqy ylfy„} jby e~ niaf* Ylaniaf ylfy N lfi lasa%fji N„e kbnjk yb }lfsa }beaylnjkylfy N lftaj„y }lfsai {nyl fj~cbi~ cadbsa fji ylfy n}bj yla @ncsfs~ bd Mbjksa}} {ac }nya, ~bq {n`` dnjiwnmyqsa} bd oq}y fcbqy atas~ylnjk ylfy ~bq mfj nefknjanjm`qinjk Ofwfja}a wsnjy} kbnjk cfmh yb 6<>7„}* Jb{,yla}a fsa lnkl%sa}b`qynbj }mfjjai nefka} ylfy yla

@ncsfs~ bd Mbjksa}} ini yb wqy bj ylans {ac }nya* Yla}afsa YND nefka}, }b yla~„sa a|ysaea`~ `fska* ]bea bd ylae fsa = bs 9 bs 1 eak} afml, cqy yla~ mbea bqy }bylfy yla~„sa a|ysaea`~ lnkl sa}b`qynbj nefka} ylfy ~bqmbqì wqy bjyb wb}yas}* ]b, fj~cbi~ mbqì mbw~ a|fmy`~{lfy N„e ibnjk* N lfta jby }bì yla}a bj A%cf~ ~ay* Nbj`~ }a`` ylae yb fsa kf`àsna}, cqy N mbqì nefknja ylfy~bq„i lfta%~bq„ta kby f`` bd yla}a nefka}* ^bq mbqìwqy ylb}a bj A%cf~ f} wb}yas}* N ibj„y }aa fj~cbi~ibnjk yln} snkly jb{ fji N ylnjh ny„} f dfjyf}ynm

bwwbsyqjny~* Ylasa„} f `by bd nefka} bj yla @ncsfs~ bd Mbjksa}} {ac }nya* Ny„} @BM*kbt* Nd ~bq kb ylasa ~bqmfj yfha f bbh fy ylans nefka `ncsfs~* Yla~ lfta bìcf}acf`` mfsi} dsbe `nha yla 6<77„}, yla `fya 6<77„} bsafs`~ 6>77„}* Ylb}a fsa f`` wqc`nm ibefnj jb{*

]mbyy Saf``~2

Ifta Oq}y `nha yla Ofwfja}a wsnjy}* Yla~ lfta }bea Feasnmfjf wnmyqsa}*Yla~ lfta wlbybksfwl}* Yla~ lfta nefka} bd f`` hnji}*Yla cf}acf`` wnmyqsa}, N ylnjh, fsa wfsynmq`fs`~

njyasa}ynjk* Fy bja ynea N {f} ylnjhnjk bd yfhnjk ylacf}acf`` mfsi} ylfy yla~ lfi }mfjjai nj lnkl%sa}b`qynbjnefka, yfha ylb}a nefka} fji q}a Mfdawsa}}*mbe%~bq„sa dfen`nfs {nyl Mfdawsa}}2

]mbyy N„ta lafsi bd ylfy cadbsa* âfl*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ifta Bl, ~bq lftaj„y }aaj yla {ac }nya2 Ny„} dfjyf}ynm* [nylMfdawsa}}*mbe ~bq mfj msafya f`` hnji} bd wsbiqmy} bd ~bqs b{j q}njk ~bqs b{j nefka} bs wqc`nm ibefnjnefka}%

]mbyy Bhf~, ~afl* N„ta }aaj RRRRR*

Ifta Fji wqy ylae bj Y%}lnsy}, ~bq mfj wqy ylae bj mbddaa eqk}8 ~bqmfj wqy ylae bj%

]mbyy Bl, efj* Yln} n}%

Ifta @ay„} }aa f`` yla hnji} bd inddasajy wsbiqmy} ylfy yla~ lfta lasa* Ny„}fc}b`qya`~ njmsaincà*

]mbyy Oq}y `bbhnjk%nj yln} mbjmawy ~bq„sa f`safi~ caknjjnjk yb }lfsa {nylea N mfj%yla niaf} fsa f`safi~ }yfsynjk yb d`b{*

Ifta Bl, ~afl*

]mbyy Fj~{f~, kb bj*

Ifta ^bq mfj msafya ~bqs b{j MI}8 ~bq mfj msafya ~bqs b{j cbbh}* Njdfmy, bja bd yla cbbh} ylfy N msafyai, yla Ef}yas} bd

Mbw~snklynjk cbbh, N wsnjy ny ylsbqkl Mfdawsa}}*

]mbyy Saf``~2

Ifta âfl* Yla~ wsnjy ny dbs ea* F`` N ini {f} }ay qw f dsaa fmmbqjy* Nqw`bfiai e~ inknyf` dnà* N qw`bfiai e~ mbtas* Nqw`bfiai e~ cfs mbia fji ylaj {laj }beacbi~ bsias}f cbbh N ibj„y lfta yb wsnjy ny bdd e~ mbewqyas* N ibj„ylfta yb sqj ib{j yb Hnjhb„}*

]mbyy Yla~ wsnjy ny bdd*

Ifta F`` N ib n} `bk njyb e~ fmmbqjy, yla~„ta wfni ea f`safi~, N wf~Mfdawsa}} yb lfta ylae wsnjy ny qw, yla~ }aji ny ybylae* N ibj„y ataj ybqml ny*

]mbyy Ylfy„} oq}y njkajnbq}*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ifta Ny„} fc}b`qya`~ dfjyf}ynm* N }fà yla cbbh bj Fefzbj*mbe dbs )>;fji ny mb}y} ea%ny„} =;< wfka cbbh fji ny mb}y} ea )69f mbw~ yb wsnjy*

]mbyy ]b, ~bqs wsbdny n}%

Ifta Fji N ibj„y }aa ny* N mfj bsias bja fy f ynea* Nj cbbh wqc`n}lnjk%njeb}y cbbh wqc`n}lnjk ~bq lfta yb mbw~%~bq lfta ybefha fy àf}y 677 mbwna} nd ~bq }aji ny yb f cbbhwqc`n}las, cqy {nyl Mfdawsa}} ~bq mfj bsias ylae bjafy f ynea*

]mbyy Oq}y bja cbbh fy f ynea*

Ifta Bja cbbh fy f ynea* âfl* Fji nd ~bq bsias 61 bs ebsa yla~ knta~bq saf``~ iaaw in}mbqjy}* ]b, nd ~bq hjb{ yla~„sa}a``njk ~bq bsias 61 fy f ynea, ~bq }ybmh ylae qw fy~bqs lbq}a fji ylaj ~bq }aji ylae bqy ~bqs}a`d%

]mbyy N„ta caaj {bjiasnjk lb{ ~bq„ta caaj ibnjk yln}*

Ifta âfl* Jb{, N ày e~ }amsay bqy* âfl*

]mbyy ^bq }fni ~bq lfi f cbbh fji ~bq }fni ~bq lfi ny `n}yai bj Fefzbj%


]mbyy Fji ~bq }fni ~bq lfi wsnjyai mbwna} canjk }ajy bqy yb wabwà fjiN„e `nha ‐bl, {b{* Ifta―%

Ifta ]bqji} saf``~ ynea njyaj}nta iba}j„y ny2

]mbyy âfl* ]b, ~bq„sa q}njk Mfdawsa}}*mbe2

Ifta âfl* N q}a Mfdawsa}}*mbe yb lfta ylae f`` wsnjyai qw fji f`` N ib

n} `bk njyb e~ fmmbqjy%yln} n} e~ cbbh fmmbqjy, fjiylaj N lfta f mbqwà bd bylas fmmbqjy} lasa ylfy N q}adbs inddasajy wsbiqmy}* @ay„} oq}y yfha f `bbh fy yln} bjadbs f }ambji* Yla~ knta ~bq ~bqs b{j }lbw `njh* Enjan} Mfdawsa}}*mbe"njdb`fc, {lnml N mfj }aji wabwà yb{lb mfj cq~ yla Ef}yas} bd Mbw~snklynjk cbbh dbs )>;*]b, ~bq kay ~bqs b{j `njh {nylnj Mfdawsa}}* Ny„} tas~,

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





tas~ af}~ yb fii f wsbiqmy* Ylasa„} f `njh qw lasa oq}yfcbqy ylfy yb fii f wsbiqmy fji N oq}y {fjy yb }lb{ ~bqyla hnji bd sfjka bd wsbiqmy} ylfy ~bq mfj fmyqf``~ fii*Yla~ lfta MI}, cbbh}, mfsi} fji wsnjy}* ]b, nd ~bq„sa fmsafynta was}bj fji ~bq {fjy yb mbea bqy {nyl ~bqsb{j `nja bd ksaaynjk mfsi} bs wsnjy}%}aa, yln} n} {lasa~bq mfj ib yla wsnjy} lasa* @nha N eajynbjai {nyl ylaOfwfja}a wsnjy}, ~bq mfj msafya ylae snkly {nylnjMfdawsa}}* F`` ~bq lfta yb ib n} qw`bfi yla nefka fji}fà ylae bj A%cf~* ^bq mb`àmy yla ebja~8 ~bq kb njyb~bqs b{j fmmbqjy* ^bq mfj cq~ dsbe ~bqs b{j fmmbqjyfy yla in}mbqjy fji wqy nj%oq}y lfta ny }lnwwai insamy`~yb ~bqs mq}ybeas* Ylfy„} hnji bd `nha isbw }lnwwnjk*

]mbyy Ylfy„} f yqsjai ha~, efj*

Ifta Lfy} fji mfw}, cb|as }lbsy}, eqk}, Y%}lnsy}, }ynmhas}, hni} m`bylnjk,yla~ lfta }bea lbea fji bddnma wsbiqmy}, yla~ lftayaii~ cafs}, cqyybj} fji efkjay}, cfk}%

]mbyy Cqyybj} fji efkjay}*

Ifta F`` hnji} bd }yqdd ylfy ~bq mfj wqy nj lasa* Yla~„ta kby fwsbj},cfscamqa fwsbj}* Jb{, ~bq mfj wqy fj~ylnjk ~bq {fjy

bj yla}a f} {a`` f} ~bq ibj„y tnb`fya }beacbi~ a`}a„}mbw~snkly* ]b, nd ny„} ~bqs b{j nefka bs ny„} f wqc`nmibefnj nefka ~bq mfj wqy ny bj lasa* ]bea wabwà wqy`nha `nyyà }f~njk}* N ibj„y hjb{ nd ~bq jbynmai {laj {a`bkkai njyb Mfdawsa}} yla~ lfi f `nyyà mbddaa eqk ylfy}fni ‐N lfya yf|a}― fji {lfy f ksafy ynea yb }a`` ny* Oq}ycadbsa Fwsn` 61yl, snkly2

]mbyy Bj f mbddaa eqk*

Ifta âfl, bj f mbddaa eqk*

]mbyy Ib yla~ ib }ynmhas} ybb2

Ifta @bbh} `nha yla~ ini* N ibj„y hjb{* @ay„}%

]mbyy ]ynmhas} fsa f ksafy {f~ yb fitasyn}a ~bqs cq}nja}} ybb*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ifta Bl, ~afl, yla~ fsa* âfl* N„e jby }qsa nd yla~ ib ylb}a bs jby*Bl, lasa yla~ fsa* ]ynmhas}*

]mbyy âfl* Efha }ynmhas}*

Ifta âfl* Yla~ kby }vqfsa }ynmhas}, sbqji }ynmhas} fji cqewas}ynmhas}*

]mbyy Cqewas }ynmhas}*

Ifta âfl* F `nyyà cny wsnma~ bj }bea bd yla}a ylnjk}* [nyl njdbsefynbjwsbiqmy}, ylbqkl, yla tf`qa bd yla wsbiqmy n} saf``~cf}ai bj yla febqjy bd saf``~ tf`qfcà njdbsefynbj ylfy~bq mfj wsbtnia* ]b, ~bq mfj mlfska fj~ylnjk ylfy ~bq

{fjy {nylnj saf}bj dbs fj njdbsefynbj wsbiqmy* Cqy,}beaylnjk `nha f }ynmhas%N ibj„y hjb{* Lfy} fji mfw},bctnbq}`~, ~bq„sa bj`~ kbnjk yb ca fcà yb mlfska }beqml dbs ylae* Cqy, yln} n} f {f~ yb msafya nj}yfjywsbiqmy}* ^bq mfj msafya cbbh} fji MI}* ^bq mfjmsafya fj fqinb MI, f ifyf MI* Jb{, yla jnma ylnjkfcbqy ny n} ~bq qw`bfi yla dnà yb ylae bjma fji nd ~bqkay bja bsias, f`` ~bq lfta yb ib n} wf~ dbs bja bsiasfji lfta ny }lnwwai insamy`~ yb ~bqs mq}ybeas*

]mbyy [b{* Ylfy }fta ~bq }b eqml ynea* Ylfy„} yla wasdamy a|fewà bd iaàkfynjk*

Ifta Fc}b`qya`~* ]b, yla niaf ylfy N lfi {f} ày„} }f~ }beacbi~ {lb{f} `n}yajnjk yb yln} {fjyai yb }yfsy f saf``~ vqnmhcq}nja}}* Yla~ inij„y {fjy yb msafya fj~ mbjyajy bsfj~ylnjk a`}a* Yla~ mbqì kb yb yla @BM*kbt, yla@ncsfs~ bd Mbjksa}} {ac }nya, yfha f `bbh fy }bea bd ylanefka} ylfy kb cfmh cadbsa 6>77, camfq}a ~bq„safc}b`qya`~ f}}qsai ylfy yla~„sa nj yla wqc`nm ibefnj,saf``~ fj~ylnjk cadbsa 6>37 {bqì ca fc}b`qya`~ nj yla

wqc`nm ibefnj* ^bq mbqì yfha ylb}a nefka}, wqy ylaebj Mfdawsa}}, }a`` ~bqs b{j mbddaa eqk, }a`` ~bqs b{jwsnjy}* ^bq mbqì }yfsy fj ajynsa `nja bd Ofwfja}a wsnjy}bs bì cf}acf`` mfsi mbddaa eqk} fji }fà ylb}a bj A%cf~*

]mbyy Ny }bqji} a|mnynjk*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ifta âfl, ny saf``~ n} a|mnynjk*

]mbyy Nd ~bq }waji }bea ynea nj ylasa fji ~bq `bbhai, ef~ca ini f `nyyàsa}afsml fji dbqji bqy {lfy wabwà {asa {fjynjk bqyylasa bj yla njyasjay* Yln} }yqdd%ylnjh bd iqsnjk ylalb`nif~ }af}bj* ]yqdd%

Ifta Bl, ~afl* Ylfy„} snkly* âfl* Nd ~bq mbqì kafs qw%nd ~bq mbqì kay}bea nefka}, `nha ylb}a saysb nefka} dsbe yla 6>77„}dsbe yla @BM cf}ai bj f ylaea `nha Oq`~ 9yl ylfy„}mbenjk qw* Efj, ~bq mbqì saf``~ ib {a``, N ylnjh, fji~bq }yfsy `n}ynjk ylb}a bj A%cf~* ]beacbi~„} kby yb sqj{nyl ylfy bja* Jbcbi~ yfha} ylfy bja fji sqj} {nyl ny*

]mbyy Tfàjynja„} if~2

Ifta Tfàjynja„} If~* Oq}y fcbqy%f`` yla lafsy} fji yla mqwni} fji f``%

]mbyy ]aa, ny„} `nha f tas~ qjnvqa isbw }lnwwnjk bwwbsyqjny~, cqy ny„} ~bqsb{j a|m`q}nta wsbiqmy*

Ifta Ylfy„} snkly* ^bq ibj„y lfta fj~ eniiàefj* [nyl f isbw }lnwwas,jbsef``~, yla~„sa cq~njk yla wsbiqmy fji ylaj ~bq lfta

yb cq~ ny dsbe ylae, cqy yla bj`~ }astnma yla~„sa saf``~wsbtninjk n} }lnwwnjk ny yb ~bqs mq}ybeas fji ~bq„sa`qmh~ nd ~bq kay f }ef`` efshqw* Cqy, {nyl Mfdawsa}},~bq„sa fmyqf``~ ysfinjk ~bqs b{j wsbiqmy}, }b ~bq lftayla efobsny~ bd yla efshqw*

]mbyy Ylfy„} f{a}bea*

Ifta âfl* Ny„} saf``~%

]mbyy Ylfjh} dbs }lfsnjk ylfy* N„ta kby }bea niaf} f`safi~ sb``njk fsbqji

bj ylfy bja, Ifta*

Ifta Jby f`` bd yla}a%jby atas~ylnjk nj e~ cbbh n} }ysnmy`~ f cq}nja}} niafylfy N mfea qw {nyl* ]bea bd yla}a, nj dfmy yla bja}ylfy N lfta {snyyaj ib{j lasa fsa njyasjay efshaynjkniaf}* @ay ea oq}y }lfsa f da{ bd yla}a ylfy N {sbyaib{j*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





]mbyy ]qsa*

Ifta N eq}y lfta ylbqkly yla~ {asa newbsyfjy fy yla ynea camfq}a N ini{snya ylae ib{j* ]wamndnm }ysfyakna} dbs efshaynjk fsaeqml ebsa mbewa``njk ylfj kajasf`nzai }ysfyakna}* ]b,nd ~bq„sa kbnjk yb }fà sa}fà snkly}, mbjmajysfya bj}a``njk sa}fà snkly}* Nd ~bq„sa kbnjk yb mbjmajysfya bj%{lfy {f} yla ylnjk yla~ {asa yf`hnjk fcbqy yla bylasif~2 Yla dnsa }fà* Saeaecas dnsa }fà2 [asa {ayf`hnjk fcbqy ylfy2

]mbyy N„e ys~njk yb saeaecas*

Ifta [a lfi f mbjtas}fynbj fcbqy dnsa }fà} yla bylas if~ fji%ylfy„} f}wamndnm efshaynjk }ysfyak~*

]mbyy Bd mbqs}a*

Ifta Sa}fà snkly} n} bja, `nenyai jqecas} n} f }wamndnm }ysfyak~* ]b,fj~{f~, yla ebsa }wamndnm ~bq mfj kay nj ~bqs }fà}àyyas fji ~bqs mbw~ yla af}nas ny n} yb }fà, camfq}awabwà fsa njyasa}yai nj }wamndnm}* [bsi sawaynynbj}ysfyakna}%N„ta jbynmai ylfy ylb}a wfka} ylfy sfjh tas~

lnkl nj Kbbkà lfta f }wamndnm }ysfyak~ nj {lnml yla ha~{bsi} fsa sawafyai {nylnj yla wfka* Q}qf``~ ny„} nj ylalafinjk, ny„} nj yla dns}y wfsfksfwl, ny„} nj yla }ambjiwfsfksfwl fji ylasa fsa }qwwbsynjk ha~ {bsi} kbnjk ybyla ylnsi fji yla dbqsyl wfsfksfwl bd lnkl`~ sfjhaiKbbkà wfka}* Yln} n} }bea sa}afsml ylfy N ini fji N{sbya ny ib{j camfq}a N hja{ ny {f} newbsyfjy yb wqy njlasa*

]qmma}} }yfsy} {nyl njyasjf` inf`bkqa* Yln} n} }beaylnjk ylfy n} tas~newbsyfjy yb ea camfq}a N saf`nza ylfy {lfyatas

}qmma}} N lfi fy fj~ wfsynmq`fs ynea {f} kbnjk yb ca f}f sa}q`y bd {lfy N {f} ylnjhnjk* Nd N inij„y lfta e~enji snkly, ylnjhnjk bd {lfy N {f} kbnjk yb wsbebya bslb{ N {f} fmyqf``~ kbnjk yb efha yla ebja~ bs lb{ N{f} fmyqf``~ kbnjk yb%lb{ ~bq yf`h yb ~bqs}a`d* Ylasa„}f mbqwà bd tas~ dfebq} cbbh} bj yln} }qcoamy, cqy lb{~bq yf`h yb ~bqs}a`d n} a|ysaea`~ newbsyfjy camfq}a nd

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





~bq ibj„y yf`h yb ~bqs}a`d nj yla snkly {f~, nd ~bq ca`nyyà~bqs}a`d bs nd ~bq yf`h yb ~bqs}a`d `nha ‐N mfj„y ib yln}―%fji N„e jby f saf` cnk ca`natas nj wb}nynta ylnjhnjk, cqyyla bja ylnjk ylfy N saf``~ ca`nata nj n} nd ~bq }f~ ~bqmfj„y ib }beaylnjk ~bq mfj„y ib ny*

]mbyy Ny„} fmyqf``~ f wsa%wsbksfe nj ~bqs enji {nyl ~bqs b{j {bsi}*

Ifta âfl* ^bq kby yb ca saf``~ mfsadq`*

]mbyy ^bq„sa wsbksfeenjk ~bqs}a`d* âfl*

Ifta N ylnjh wabwà, a}wamnf``~ nd ~bq {fjy yb ca saf``~ }qmma}}dq` njcq}nja}}, n} yb ebjnybs ~bqs ylbqkly} bj f sakq`fs cf}n}

yb efha }qsa ylfy ~bq„sa jby ylnjhnjk }a`d%ia}ysqmynta,dfn`qsa ylbqkly} fji N ylnjh f `by bd wabwà {n`` kay{sfwwai qw ylans if~ yb if~ `nta} fji ny {n`` mbj}qeaylae* Yla wsbcàe}, yla ysbqcà} ylfy yla~ lfta fji nd ~bq saf``~ {fjy yb ca }qmma}}dq` ~bq lfta yb wqy ylfyf}nia fji ~bq lfta yb }yfsy ylnjhnjk `nha%fji }yfsyebjnybsnjk ~bqs ylbqkly}* â}, ~bq mfj ib yln}* ‐Bhf~, yln} n} ybb cnk dbs ea snkly jb{, cqy {lfy mfj Nib ybif~ yb efha f inddasajma* [lfy `nyyà }yaw} mfj Nyfha ybif~ yb efha ea }qmma}}dq` f ~afs dsbe jb{2

[lfy ib N {fjy f ~afs dsbe jb{2― Satas}a ylfywsbma}} fji }f~ ‐nd N {fjy yb }fà )677,777 lasa bj ylanjyasjay ja|y ~afs, {lfy ib N lfta yb ib ybif~ yb }yfsyylfy wsbma}}, yb efha ylb}a hnji} bd }fà}2 Lb{ efj~}fà} ib N lfta yb efha f if~ yb efha )677,777 f~afs2― Csafh ny ib{j njyb }ef`` }yaw}* [a yf`hai fcbqyibnjk f yb ib `n}y* Tas~ newbsyfjy, jby camfq}aatas~cbi~ }f~} ‐bl, ~bq kby yb ib f yb ib `n}y― bs ‐~bqlfta yb }ay kbf`}― fji ylnjk} `nha ylfy* Ylfy„} jby ylasaf}bj ~bq ib yb ib `n}y}* Yb ib `n}y} fsa yb obk ~bqseaebs~ fji haaw ~bq bj mbqs}a, haaw ~bq dbmq}ai*

]mbyy A|fmy`~*

Ifta Fji, jby bj`~ ylfy, cqy {laj ~bq mfj {snya ib{j fj nyae bj ~bqs ybib `n}y ylfy„} }lbsy fji af}~ yb ib fji {laj ~bq„taibja ny, ~bq msb}} ny bdd* ^bq kay f dfjyf}ynm daa`njk bd fmmbew`n}leajy, ataj nd ny„} yla }ef`à}y ylnjk*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





]mbyy Camfq}a ~bq jaai ylfy*

Ifta âfl*

]mbyy ^bq jaai ylfy%

Ifta ^bq jaai ylfy ajmbqsfkaeajy fji ylb}a }aj}a bd fmmbew`n}leajyyb haaw kbnjk*

]mbyy ]b, saf``~, {lfy ny mbea} ib{j yb n} lftnjk yla snkly fyynyqia n}{lfy ny }aae} `nha* [lfy n} ~bqs fyynyqia `nha2


]mbyy N saeaecas f kbbi bja `njas ylfy }yn`` }ynmh} {nyl ea yb yln} if~*@nda n} ><! fyynyqia, 3! iayfn`}*

Ifta A|fmy`~* âfl* Yla iayfn`} }lbqì ca fcà yb lfjià ylae}a`ta} f}`bjk f} ~bq mfj%f} `bjk f} ~bq lfta yla snkly fyynyqiafji yla snkly fyynyqia n} canjk was}n}yajy nj db``b{njk{lfy ~bq hjb{ yb ca yla snkly ylnjk yb ib yb {bshyb{fsi ~bqs kbf`} fji nd ~bq„sa jby was}n}yajy fy ny, nd ~bq knta qw ybb }bbj bs nd ~bq ibj„y db``b{ ylsbqkl ~bq

saf``~ bj`~ lfta ~bqs}a`d yb c`fea* ^bq mfj„y c`feafj~cbi~ a`}a*

]mbyy N hnji bd wsbksfe e~}a`d yln} {f~* N }f~ ‐~bq hjb{, nd N„e kbnjk ybvqny N„e jby vqnyynjk dbs kbbi*― N„`` oq}y vqny dbs ef~cadnta enjqya}* N„`` vqny fji kb yfha f csafh fji ef~caafy }beaylnjk bs%{a``, {lfy N saf``~ `nha yb ib n} kay bj\%cb| fji N `nha yb w`f~ yla kfea%ny„} mf`ài Lf`b fji Nsaf``~ `nha yb w`f~ ylfy* ]b, N„`` w`f~ ylfy dbs 67 enjqya}mbea cfmh ‐bhf~, N„e sadsa}lai*―

Ifta âfl* Ylfy„} f`` ~bq jaai* Ylfy„} snkly*

]mbyy Bs N„`` safi }bea }msnwyqsa* N„`` safi f cbbh* Cqy oq}y yb la`w ~bqsadbmq}* Cqy yla wsnjmnwà calnji dbmq}njk, ybb, ylfy N{fjyai yb mbtas lasa, Ifta, N„e saf``~ njyb bja `njas}fji bja bd yla ylnjk} n} ‐Nd yla }qj`nkly }lnja} bj wfwas

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





ny iba}j„y fmyqf``~ cqsj qjyn` ~bq RRRRR efkjnd~njkk`f}} bj ny*― Qjyn` ~bq dbmq}* Dbmq} n} }b wb{asdq`*

Ifta Dbmq} n} a|ysaea`~ wb{asdq`* Ylfy„} snkly* [a„sa kntnjk f by bd niaf} lasa* Yla}a fsa kbnjk yb ca ebja~efhas} nd ~bqsaf``~ dbmq}* Cqy, ~afl, yla saf` wb{as {laj ~bqefkjnd~ }beaylnjk fji saf``~, saf``~ dbmq} nj bj ny*

]mbyy Csqma @aa„} mbjmawy {f} nj ln} fsy {f} ylasa n}j„y fj~ylnjk ylfy ~bqmfj jby caji yb ~bqs {n`` nd ~bq oq}y dbmq}* ]b, atajylbqkl%lasa„} yla {f~ N hnji bd `bbh fy ny ybb, fji ylayb ib `n}y la`w} haaw ~bq dbmq}ai* Ny„} jby f efknmf`dbseq`f%

Ifta Jb, ny„} jby efknm* Fc}b`qya`~ snkly, camfq}a ~bq lfta yb {bsh ny*^bq lfta yb {bsh ylfy `n}y* ]b, ny haaw} ~bq dbmq}ai*

]mbyy ]b, nd ~bq dnji fj niaf nj lasa ylfy ~bq `nha bs }beaylnjk ylfy ~bq{fjy yb sqj {nyl ~bq lfta yb }ybw fji ~bq lfta ybdbmq} bj ny fji dbmq} qjyn` yla obc n} mbewàya* Ny„} jbykbnjk yb lfwwaj nj bja bs y{b if~}, cqy {nylnj f {aah~bq„i ca }qswsn}ai nd ~bq oq}y lfta f yb ib `n}y fji dbmq}lb{ eqml ~bq lfta fmyqf``~ fmmbew`n}lai*

Ifta âfl* Fmyqf``~, N {f} ylnjhnjk bd msafynjk f wsbiqmy, jby ybb bjkfkb, fcbqy satas}a kbf` }ayynjk fji satas}a kbf` }ayynjk{bqì ca yla fmy bd yfhnjk yla kbf` ylfy ~bq lfta,{laylas ny„} efhnjk )677,777 f ~afs bj yla njyasjay bscambenjk fj B`~ewnm {bsì mlfewnbj fji `bbhnjk fy nydsbe yla aji nj enji* Lftnjk ylfy )677,777 njmbea fyyla aji bd yla ~afs, {bshnjk ~bqs}a`d cfmh{fsi} yb ylawbnjy {lasa ~bq fsa snkly jb{ fji dnkqsa bqy {lfy ~bqlfta yb ib ybif~ yb kay ny }yfsyai fji {lfy ~bq lfta ybib ybebssb{ yb mbjynjqa ny* N ylnjh ylfy„} saf``~ fwb{asdq` }ysfyak~*

Bhf~, yla ja|y ylnjk bj e~ n}y n} f%N lfta f `nyyà n}y lasa* Ny„}mf`ài newàeajy ibfcà }ysfyakna} bja fy f ynea*Cf}nmf``~, {lfy ~bq {fjy yb ib n} csafh ib{j ~bqs}ysfyakna} bd efhnjk ebja~ bj`nja njyb ibfcà }yaw}*Fj~ylnjk mfj ca ybb cnk fji ybb btas{laènjk fji nd ~bq„sa oq}y kayynjk }yfsyai {lfy ~bq {fjy yb ib n} ~bq

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





{fjy yb csafh ny ib{j njyb ibfcà }yaw} fji nd ~bq„sajby oq}y kayynjk }yfsyai fji ~bq„ta lfi }beaa|wasnajma bj yla njyasjay fji ~bq„ta ataj caaj}qmma}}dq` bj yla njyasjay N„e kbnjk yb knta ~bq f}ysfyak~ ylfy N„ta q}ai tas~ }qmma}}dq``~ yb kay ~bqs}a`d yb ib ylnjk} vqnmh`~ fji ylfy„} yb }ay qw dbsmaiiafi`nja}* Dbs a|fewà, bja bd yla ylnjk} ylfy N `bta ybib n} }f~ ‐nd ybif~ n} Fwsn` 63yl, 3771, N„`` }aji%}beaynea} yln} mfj ca ifjkasbq}, cqy ny saf``~ {bsh}bqy tas~ {a``* ^bq }aji fj a%efn` bs ~bq fjjbqjma yb}beacbi~%jb{, ny„} anylas ~bqs `n}y bs }beacbi~ ylfy~bq hjb{ ylfy ~bq„sa kbnjk yb lfta f ja{ wsbiqmyiata`bwai, ~bq„sa kbnjk yb knta yla ynyà bd yla wsbiqmyfji ~bq knta yla ifya ylfy ny„} kbnjk yb ca ftfn`fcà*

]b, ~afl* Ylasa„} jbylnjk `nha ebyntfynbj yb kay ylnjk}ibja {laj ~bq lfta f dbsmai iafi`nja* ]b, nd ybif~„}yla 63yl fji N }fni ‐la~, N„e kbnjk yb mbea bqy {nyl fja{ wsbiqmy fji ny„} kbnjk yb ca mf`ài }qml fji }qml fwsbiqmy fji ny„} kbnjk yb ca ftfn`fcà bj Fwsn` 36}y― ylajylfy n} ~bqs iafi`nja fji bjma ~bq fjjbqjma ny, jb{~bq„sa ynai njyb ny, ~bq mbeeny yb ny fji ~bq kay ylawsbiqmy ibja* ]b, dbsmai iafi`nja} fsa f saf``~wb{asdq` }ysfyak~ dbs kayynjk ylnjk} ibja*

]mbyy N„ta ibja ny cadbsa, Ifta*

Ifta âfl*

]mbyy N ini ny*

Ifta [lnml wsbiqmy ini ~bq ib ny bj2

]mbyy [a``, ny {f} fdyas N msafyai Yln} ]yqdd ]a``} @nha Msfz~* N {ajy {nylyla mbjmawy bd oq}y cqnìnjk bdd bd {lfy ~bq„ta f`safi~msafyai fji ylaj N msafyai yla }ambji cbbh {lasa N

saf``~ }qcy`~%nj f jafy {f~ ibmqeajyai lb{ N {f} fcàyb msafya yla cbbh fji mfea bqy {nyl yla }ambji cbbhfji N ini a|fmy`~ ylfy* Lb{atas, N%ny ybbh ea f `nyyà`bjkas ylfj N a|wamyai, }b N lfi yb hnji bd ebta ylaifya qw f `nyyà cny, cqy N efia }qsa e~ `n}y hja{ fcbqyny* Cqy, ny„} f saf``~ addamynta {f~ yb kay ~bqs}a`d yb kay}yqdd ibja*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ifta Ylfy„} snkly* [laj N {sbya e~ mbqs}a N kfta e~}a`d f dbsmaiiafi`nja yb mbewàya yla mbqs}a nj }n| {aah} fji N{sbya atas~ }njkà if~ fji jbylnjk }ybwwai ea dsbeylfy yf}h* Jb{, }beaynea} ~bq„sa kbnjk yb sqj njybbc}yfmà} ylfy fsa qjftbnifcà fji ylaj ~bq }new`~}aji fj qwifyai dbsmai iafi`nja* @nha ‐{a``, N mfj„ydnjn}l%ny„} jby kbnjk yb ca yla 36}y* [a„ta kby yln} n}}qafji N„ta kby yln} ylnjk N„e kbnjk yb dnjn}l fji N„e kbnjkyb fii }bea ebsa }yqdd yb efha ny fc}b`qya`~ dfjyf}ynm― fji ylaj ~bq„sa kbnjk yb }f~ ‐ny„} kbnjk yb ca ftfn`fcàbj yla 3=si*― âfl, ylfy„} f saf``~ wb{asdq` }ysfyak~ fjiny„} f }ysfyak~ ylfy N ibj„y }aa f `by bd wabwà ibnjk, cqyny„} bja ylfy ~bq mfj q}a fèb}y f`` yla ynea, a}wamnf``~

{nyl wsbiqmy iata`bweajy*

Ylaj N lfta }bea jbya} nj lasa fcbqy cq}nja}} cqnìnjk fji,cf}nmf``~, yb cqnì ~bqs cq}nja}} ylasa„} saf``~ bj`~ bjaylnjk ylfy ~bq jaai yb ib fji ylfy n} yb dbmq} bjmfwyqsnjk àfi} dbs ~bqs cq}nja}} camfq}a {nylbqy fmbj}yfjy d`b{ bd ja{ àfi} fji ja{ mbjyfmy} fji ja{}qc}msncas} yb ~bqs A%}nkj ~bq„sa jby kbnjk yb lfta%~bq„sa jby kbnjk yb ca fcà yb cqnì ~bqs cq}nja}} yb ylawbnjy {lasa ny„} kbnjk yb kajasfya f satajqa dbs ~bq yb

efha ~bqs ntnjk bj`nja* ]b, ~bq jaai ylb}a àfi} bj fsakq`fs cf}n}* Nj bsias yb kay ylb}a afi} ~bq lfta ybiata`bw {lfy {a cbyl mf`` f mfwyqsa wfka, f àfimfwyqsa wfka, {lnml bddas} RRRRR wb{asdq` cajadny yb}beacbi~ tn}nynjk yla wfka fji knta} ylae fj njmajyntayb }nkj qw dbs ~bqs `n}y*

]b, ylfy„} saf``~, saf``~ newbsyfjy* W`q}, fji ylaj bjyla cfmh aji bd ylfy, bd mbqs}a, n} ~bq jaai yb db``b{ qw{nyl yla }qc}msncas} ylfy mbea yb ~bqs `n}y fji bddasylae saf``~ a|ma`àjy mbjyajy fji wsbtnia saf``~

a|ma`àjy wsbiqmy} fji }astnma} bj yla cfmh aji* Ylb}afsa saf``~ bj`~ yla ylsaa ylnjk} ylfy ~bq saf``~ jaai ybkay f cq}nja}} }yfsyai bj yla njyasjay* N„ta ataj }aajsaf``~ }qmma}}dq` efshayas}, kq~} ibnjk btas )6 en``nbjf ~afs }ynmhnjk {nyl yln} tas~ }fea mbjmawy* Oq}ymsafynjk f wfka ylfy lf} fj a|ysfbsinjfs~ cajadny yb kay

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





wabwà yb bwy njyb ylans `n}y} bj efj~ inddasajy ybwnm}fji efj~ jnmla} fji yln} n} f {f~ yb ya}y fj niaf, ybb*

Nd ~bq }ay qw f mfwyqsa wfka, dbs a|fewà, bj mbnjmb`àmynjk fji nd ~bq ibj„y kay f `by bd }qc}msncas} fdyas}ajinjk ysfddnm yb yla wfka ylaj ef~ca ylfy„} jby ylaca}y niaf dbs ~bq yb db``b{* Ef~ca yla bddas nd {sbjk*^bq mfj ya}y ny fji ~bq mfj y{afh ny f `nyyà cny, cqybjma ~bq kay f wfka ylfy„} {bshnjk saf``~ {a`` fji%ày„}}f~ ~bq kay 677 tn}nybs} yb ~bqs }nya fji 67, 61 bs 31 bs=7 bs ebsa }nkjnjk qw dbs ~bqs }nya* Jb{, nd ~bq„sa}yfsynjk yb }nkj qw =7 yb 97 wabwà f }nya bqy bd 677~bq„ta kby f tas~ {a`` mbjtasynjk mfwyqsa wfka fjiylfy„} }beaylnjk ylfy ~bq jaai yb }lbby dbs* Nd ~bq„sa

bj`~ kayynjk 1 bs 67 wabwà yb }nkj qw bqy 677 dbs f dsaabddas, ylaj ny„} wsbcfc`~ jby yla cq}nja}} yb wqs}qa bs fyàf}y jby yla jnmla yb ca nj*

Ylaj N mfea qw {nyl fjbylas niaf* Fmyqf``~, yln} {f} fj niaf ylfy Nlfi wqy ybkaylas dbs f ja{}àyyas ylfy N }ajy bqy yb e~`n}y fji ny„} mf`ài Dbqs ]yaw} yb f )67,777 f EbjylBj`nja Njmbea fji, cf}nmf``~, ylasa„} bj`~ dbqs ylnjk}ylfy ~bq jaai fji ylfy n}, `nha {a eajynbjai, f `n}y*^bq„ta kby yb lfta f `n}y* [a yf`hai fcbqy yln}* Ebsa

fji ebsa wabwà {lb fsa bj`nja jb{ fsa cqnìnjk ylansa%efn` `n}y}, cqy fsa f`}b bddasnjk bj yla cfmh aji f}wamnf` cbjq}, f ksafyas njmajynta yb mfwyqsa ylawl~}nmf` efn`njk fiisa}}a} bd yla tn}nybs} ylfy yla~„sakayynjk }b ylfy yla~ mfj ib }bea bdd `nja efshaynjk,}aji f }asna} bd wb}ymfsi}, }aji }fà} àyyas} yb yla}amq}ybeas}, camfq}a yln} n} kbnjk yb cqnì ~bqs cq}nja}}dbs yla `bjk yase*

[a `bta yla Njyasjay* [a `bta efshaynjk bj ylanjyasjay* [a `bta a%efn` efshaynjk, cqy ylfy„} kbnjk yb

mlfjka* Ylfy„} {l~ N }yfsyai q}njk ]ajiBqyEfknm*mbe% N ibj„y lfta yb {bss~ fcbqy “}wfe„, kayynjk “dn`yasaibqy„ bs fj~ bd yla wsbcàe} f}}bmnfyai {nyl aefnèfshaynjk* E~ ea}}fka kay ia`ntasai 677!, fji yla~kay safi camfq}a ny„} SAF@ efn`* Fji N kay yb }ayqw qw “yneai„ }avqajynf` efn`njk} bj 677! fqyb%wn`by oq}y `nhaaefn` efshaynjk {nyl fqybsa}wbjias}*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ny„} jby kbnjk yb f`{f~}%ny„} e~ ca`nad, fj~{f~, ylfy a%efn` efshaynjk, snkly jb{ yla {f~ ny n}, n} dsaa, cqy ny„}jby f`{f~} kbnjk yb ca ylfy {f~* Atajyqf``~, yla~„sakbnjk yb }yfsy%anylas yla kbtasjeajy bs Enmsb}bdy bs}beacbi~ nj yln} njyasjay efshaynjk kfea n} kbnjk ybdnji f {f~ yb mlfska dbs a%efn`} canjk }ajy bqy c~mbeeasmnf` efnàs}*

]mbyy Tas~ {a`` ca*

Ifta Fji ylfy if~%ny ef~ jby ca ybebssb{, ny ef~ jby ca ja|y ~afs, nyef~ jby ataj ca dnta ~afs}, cqy wsayy~ }bbj ny n} kbnjkyb lfwwaj*

]mbyy ^bq oq}y lfta yb ca wsawfsai*

Ifta Ylfy„} snkly* ^bq lfta yb ca wsawfsai*

]mbyy RRRRR*

Ifta âfl* Fmyqf``~, {laj ~bq ylnjh fcbqy ny, yla ebsa {f~} ~bq mfjmbjyfmy ~bqs }qc}msncas bs mq}ybeas yla cayyas* Aefn`,wb}ymfsi}, ksaaynjk mfsi}, wlbja mf``}, aym․ @nha N }fni,

N„e q}njk ]ajiBqyEfknm*mbe fji ny lf} njmsaf}ai e~cq}nja}} }b eqml N mfj„y ataj ya`` ~bq* Nd ~bq mfjmbjyfmy ylae c~ a%efn`, ~bq mfj mbjyfmy ylae c~ efn`*Nd ~bq„sa nj yla saf``~ lnkl wsnmai wfmhfka efshay ~bqenkly f`}b {fjy ylans yaàwlbja }b ylfy ~bq mfj mf`` qwfji kay nj mbjyfmy {nyl ~bqs mq}ybeas c~ yaàwlbja*Cqy, {nyl yla “ib jby mf``„ `n}y ~bq lfta yb ca tas~, tas~mfsadq` {lb ~bq mf``․ ylfy„} {l~ insamy efn` n} kayynjklbyyas fji lbyyas snkly jb{* ]b, ylasa„} efj~ {f~} fjiyla ebsa {f~} ~bq mfj mbjyfmy ~bqs mq}ybeas ylacayyas* Yla niaf n} yb ca snkly fy yla ybw bd ylans enji

{laj ylans safi~ yb cq~ fji yla bj`~ {f~ yb ib ylfy n}ylsbqkl mbj}yfjy mbjyfmy*

]mbyy Ylsbqkl db``b{%qw* âw*

Ifta âw* Ylsbqkl db``b{ qw* Yla }ambji nyae bj e~ n}y dbs Dbqs ]yaw}yb f )67,777 f Ebjyl Bj`nja Njmbea n} yla mbw~ ylfy

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





~bq {snya* Jb{, anylas%fji bja bd yla {f~} ylfy ~bq„sakbnjk k yb mbjyfmy ~bqs mq}ybeas n} anylas ylsbqkl a%efn` bs f àyyas fji ylfy mbw~ lf} yb ca saf``~, saf``~kbbi* Ny lf} yb ca%fji {lfy N%N q}a yla yaseysfj}wfsajy mbw~* Nj bylas {bsi}, yla was}bj safinjk~bqs a%efn` bs safinjk f àyyas }lbqìj„y ylnjh {lajyla~ kay ylfy ‐bl, N„e canjk }bì }beaylnjk*― Ylfy„}yla `f}y sa}wbj}a ylfy ~bq {fjy dsbe }beacbi~* ^bq{fjy yla àyyas bs yla a%efn` yb ca }b jfyqsf` ylfy ylawas}bj safinjk ny n} fqybefynmf``~ isf{j njyb yla mbw~camfq}a%bqy bd }a`d%njyasa}y, ef~ca, camfq}a ~bq„sayf`hnjk fcbqy ylae fji }beaylnjk ylfy njyasa}y} ylaebs ny„} f cajadny yb ylae fji yla~ {fjy yb dnji bqy lb{yla~ mfj samanta yln} cajadny* ]b, ny lf}%~bqs mbw~ lf}

yb ca }b kbbi ylfy ny„} ysfj}wfsajy yb ylae*

Yla mbw~„} fc}b`qya`~ msnynmf`* Bja bd yla ylnjk} ylfy N}aa f `by, anylas ylsbqkl a%efn`} bs }fà} àyyas} ylfy Nkay ylsbqkl yla efn` n} ylfy yla~„sa tas~ njyasa}ynjk fjiN lfta }bea njyasa}y, cqy yla was}bj {lb {sbya ylaàyyas bs {sbya yla a%efn` iba}j„y saf``~ efha f }ysbjkfskqeajy dbs ea yb bsias ybif~ bs snkly jb{ fji ylfy„}f en}}njk aàeajy* Nd ~bq saf``~ {fjy yb yfha ~bqscq}nja}} yb yla ja|y àta` ~bq lfta yb wqy nj ylb}a

aàeajy}* ^bq anylas lfta yb njm`qia f yneai sa}wbj}a%nj bylas {bsi}, nd ~bq bsias {nylnj yla ja|y ylsaa if~}~bq„sa kbnjk yb kay }qml fji }qml f cbjq} bs ~bq„sakbnjk yb kay f in}mbqjyai wsnma* ^bq lfta yb ylnjhmsafynta`~ fcbqy yla hnji bd bddas} ylfy ~bq„sa bddasnjk,cqy ~bq lfta yb knta ylae fj njmajynta yb bsias jb{,camfq}a {lfy lfwwaj}%ày„} }f~ fj bddas mbea} btas ylanjyasjay, ylsbqkl a%efn` bs ~bq kay f àyyas nj yla efn`fji ny oq}y bddas} yla wsbiqmy {nylbqy fj~ iafi`nja*[lfy lfwwaj}2

]mbyy Ylasa„} saf``~ jb%dns}y bd f``, N„ta ya}yai yln} fji ny„} wsayy~ eqmlmbeebj }aj}a nj efshaynjk ylfy ~bq lfta yb msafya fdafs bd `b}} {nyl wabwà fji nd ylasa„}%ylfy„} yla {f~%Nhjb{ ny hnji bd }aae} iasbkfybs~ nj f {f~, }f~njkmsafynjk f dafs bd `b}}, cqy ny„} hnji bd fèb}y lb{ ~bqlfta yb ib ylnjk} yb kay wabwà yb sa}wbji*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ifta âfl* Yla jfyqsf` sa}wbj}a bd eb}y wabwà {lb }aa fj bddas{nylbqy f yneai iafi`nja n} ‐bl, N mfj wqy yln} bdd yn``ybebssb{― bs ‐N„`` }ay yln} f}nia― fji ylaj f {aah dsbejb{ yla~„`` yfha f `bbh fy ~bqs àyyas fji ‐kaa, {l~lfta N kby yln} bj e~ ia}h2― fji yla~ {bj„y yfha yla%yla~ {bj„y cbylas yb safi ny fkfnj*

]mbyy A|fmy`~*

Ifta Yla~„sa kbnjk yb in}mfsi ny, yla~„sa kbnjk yb }ay ny f}nia fji yla~„sajby kbnjk yb fmy* [laj, nj eb}y mf}a}, {a bj`~fitbmfya }a``njk saf``~, saf``~ tf`qfcà wsbiqmy}*Wsbiqmy} ylfy fsa saf``~ kbnjk yb la`w }beabja fmlnatayla kbf`} ylfy yla~ {fjy yb fmlnata* Nd ylfy„} yla mf}a,

ylaj ny„} bqs iqy~ yb }f~ yb ylae ‐yln} n} saf``~}beaylnjk dbs ~bqs kbbi, }beaylnjk ylfy„} kbnjk yb la`w~bq* Nj bsias yb la`w ~bq iamnia {a„sa kbnjk yb knta~bq f bja ~afs ebja~ cfmh kqfsfjyaa* [a„sa kbnjk ybknta ~bq f `ndaynea ebja~ cfmh kqfsfjyaa* Ys~ ny bqycamfq}a nd ~bq ibj„y kay ny jb{ ~bq ef~ jby ca fcà ybkay ny nj yla dqyqsa*― ]b, ny knta} ylae fj njmajynta ybknta yla wsbiqmy f ys~ fji ~bq lfta yb lfta ylb}a hnji}bd iafi`nja}* Bylas{n}a, wabwà fsa kbnjk yb }ay nyf}nia* Ny„} ybb af}~ dbs ylae yb ib ny, a}wamnf``~ {nyl

yla `nta} {a lfta jb{* Atas~cbi~„} cq}~*

]mbyy âw* ]b, ny„} `nha ‐la~, ylasa„} f iafi`nja {nyl yln}* Yln} n}%ny„} tas~tf`qfcà fji ny„} bj`~ kbnjk yb kb yb yla bja} ylfy fsa}asnbq}*―

Ifta [a``, oq}y btas yla `f}y if~ bs y{b ylfy N„ta caaj {nyl ~bq, ~bq„ta}lfsai }bea fefznjk njdbsefynbj%laf`yl* ^bq„ta kby f`by bd hjb{àika fcbqy laf`yl fji }qwwàeajy} fjilb{ yb yfha mfsa bd ~bqs cbi~ fji }bea saf``~ fefznjknj}nkly nj lb{ yla cbi~ {bsh} fji lb{ ny safmy} yb%

~bq„sa yf`hnjk fcbqy wL àta`} fji ylnjk} `nha ylfy ylfy oq}y fefza ea* N }fni%N lfij„y ataj ylbqkly bd nycadbsa fji yln} n} yla hnji bd njdbsefynbj ylfy mbqì}fta }beacbi~„} `nda fji newsbta yla vqf`ny~ bd ylans`nda* Jb{, fsa ~bq oq}y kbnjk yb haaw ny yb ~bqs}a`d fjijby }lfsa ny {nyl bylas wabwà2 N ibj„y ylnjh ylfy„} snklyanylas* N ylnjh ~bq lfta fj bc`nkfynbj, nd ~bq ib lfta

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





yln} hjb{àika, yb }lfsa ny fji ylfy„} yla {f~ N daa`fcbqy yla njdbsefynbj ylfy N {snya fcbqy efhnjk ebja~n} ylfy N lfta fj bc`nkfynbj yb }lfsa ny {nyl bylas wabwàfji ày ylae newsbta ylans `nda ambjbenmf``~*

Yla ylnsi nyae bj yla `n}y bd Dbqs ]yaw} yb f )67,777 f Ebjyl Bj`njaNjmbea n} yla wsbiqmy ny}a`d* Saf``~, yla wsbiqmy lf} ybca f saf``~ kbbi wsbiqmy, }beaylnjk ylfy ~bq wqy ~bqslafsy fji }bq` njyb* Ny iba}j„y lfta yb ca wasdamy* Nyiba}j„y lfta yb ca%~bq ibj„y lfta yb lfta f`` ~bqs N„}ibyyai fji ~bqs y„} msb}}ai*

]mbyy Yla dbjy iba}j„y lfta yb ca f masyfnj }nza* N lfta wsbtai ylfy*

Ifta â}, ~bq ini* â}, ~bq ini* F `nyyà obha calnji ylfy camfq}a ]mbyymfea bqy {nyl f cbbh fji yla dbjy }nza {f} `nha =― lnklfji N a%efnài ]mbyy fji N ybì lne ‐]mbyy, yla àyyas} njyln} cbbh fsa ybb cnk* Jbcbi~„} kbnjk yb safi ny*―

]mbyy [lfy ini N }f~2

Ifta ^bq }fni ‐bl, jb, yla~ {bj„y enji* Yla~ {bj„y enji fy f``*― N }fni ‐bhf~, ~bq ys~ ny fji ylaj ày ea hjb{*―

]mbyy N lfi bja was}bj ylfy mbew`fnjai fji ny„} oq}y ylfy„} yla {f~ N iniyla dns}y bja fji {a bddasai ny fji wabwà `nhai ny* ]b,fj~{f~, cfmh yb ~bqs%

Ifta Ef~ca ny {f} af}nas dbs ylae yb safi* N ibj„y hjb{* Canjk bj fmbewqyas }msaaj%ef~ca yla~ lfi f }ef`` }msaaj fjiyla cnk àyyas} {asa wasdamy dbs ylae* N ibj„y hjb{*

]mbyy ]b, yla niaf n} nd ny {bsh} {l~ mlfjka ny*

Ifta Ylfy„} snkly* Fji f`}b, ~bq„ta kby fj a|ma`àjy wsbiqmy }b wabwà

{asa saf``~ cq~njk yla mbjyajy bd yla cbbh fji jbyjama}}fsn`~ yla {f~ ny `bbh}* Bctnbq}`~, nd ~bq lfta ylaynea, nd ~bq lfta%~bq mfj ib f `by bd ylnjk} yb efha~bqs cbbh `bbh cayyas, cqy N kqfsfjyaa ylfy wabwà fsajby cq~njk ny dbs yla `bbh}8 yla~„sa cq~njk ny dbs ylambjyajy* Nd ~bq„ta kby saf``~ kbbi mbjyajy ylfy„} kbnjkyb la`w wabwà ylaj ny„} kbnjk yb }a``*

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]mbyy Cqy, ny„} kbbi yb `bbh wsbda}}nbjf`, ybb*

Ifta â}, ny n} kbbi yb `bbh wsbda}}nbjf`, cqy ~bq mfj lnsa wabwà yb ibylfy* ]b, ~bq mfj {snya ~bqs cbbh fji ~bq mfj lnsawabwà bj A%`fjma yb msafya ~bqs mbtas} dbs ~bq, ybmsafya ~bqs WID dnà} dbs ~bq, yb ia}nkj ~bqs a%cbbh fji}b ~bq mfj mbjmajysfya bj ebsa newbsyfjy ylnjk}*

Ylaj, yla dbqsyl nyae bj Dbqs ]yaw} yb f )67,777 f Ebjyl Bj`njaNjmbea n} ynenjk* Bd mbqs}a, N yf`h fcbqy yln} f `by nje~ mbqs}a fji ny„} }beaylnjk ylfy f `by bd bj`njaefshayas} ibj„y saf``~ mbj}nias, cqy {laj ~bq„sa%{laj{a }aji bqy fj a%efn` yb bqs `n}y} fji {a„sa wsbebynjk

f wfsynmq`fs wsbiqmy, kqa}} {lfy ~bq„sa }qc}msncas„}ibnjk {laj yla~ kay ~bqs a%efn`*

La„} yf`hnjk yb ln} }wbq}a, la„} wsbcfc`~ yf`hnjk bj ylayaàwlbja, la„} kby f en``nbj ylnjk} kbnjk yb ylsbqkl ln}enji, ny„} wsbcfc`~ `fya fy jnkly, la„} ylnjhnjk fcbqykbnjk yb {bsh yla ja|y if~, la„} kby yb kay yb cai fjila }aa} ~bqs a%efn` fji yla ynenjk ef~ jby ca snkly dbs~bqs bddas* Jb{, camfq}a ~bq bddasai ylfy bja ynea yblne fji ny {f}j„y snkly fy ylfy ynea la„} jby saoamynjk

~bq was}bjf``~, la„} jby saoamynjk ~bqs bddas anylascamfq}a la saf``~ inij„y ataj `bbh fy ny*

Cqy, }b, yla ynenjk bd ~bqs bddas n} a|ysaea`~ msqmnf`* Jb{, yla ja|yynea ~bq }aji bqy fj bddas oq}y `nha ylfy yb ylfy }feanjintniqf` la ef~ lfta jb in}ysfmynbj} fy f``* La„}}nyynjk nj dsbjy bd ln} mbewqyas fji la„} ylnjhnjk bd {f~} ylfy la mfj efha }bea a|ysf ebja~ fji ylaj lakay} ~bqs a%efn` fji ny„} yla wasdamy bddas dbs lne fy ylasnkly ynea fji ylfy„} {laj wabwà bsias* ^bq {bjias,camfq}a ~bq kby =,777 wabwà bj ~bqs `n}y bs f mbqwà

ylbq}fji wabwà bj ~bqs `n}y fji bj`~ 67 bd ylae bsiasf wfsynmq`fs wsbiqmy* [a``, ylfy eafj} ylfy ef~caylasa {asa 677 bs ebsa ylfy {asa njyasa}yai bs {asaybb in}ysfmyai bs inij„y ataj }aa ~bqs bddas ylfy ef~lfta bsiasai ylfy if~, cqy inij„y kay f mlfjma ybcamfq}a ylasa {f} ybb eqml kbnjk bj nj ylans `nta}, cqy

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bj`~ 67 {asa fc}b`qya`~ dbmq}ai bj ~bqs bddas fy ylfybja ynea fji ylfy„} {l~ yla~ bsiasai*

N dbqji yln} wfsynmq`fs`~ ysqa {nyl }bea bd yla wsbiqmy}ylfy N„ta }ajy bqy* Nd f wsbiqmy {n`` }a`` {a`` yla dns}yynea N }aji ny bqy ny fèb}y }a``} yla }fea febqjy ylaja|y ebjyl* ]b, ~bq„sa lnyynjk wabwà fy inddasajy ynea}ataj ylbqkl ~bq„sa lnyynjk ylae {nyl yla }fea bddasfji oq}y camfq}a%fji }beaynea} ~bq mfj }aji bqy fjbddas fji }beaynea} ny iba}j„y {bsh* Ya}y ny fkfnjcamfq}a ~bq ef~ lfta lny ~bqs }qc}msncas} fy yla{sbjk ynea {nyl yla {sbjk ea}}fka* ]b, ynenjk n}msqmnf` yb }qmma}}*

]mbyy N„e k`fi ~bq„sa }lfsnjk ylfy, Ifta* Ylfy„} }beaylnjk%~bq oq}ysadsa}lai e~ eaebs~ bj ylfy*

Ifta @ay„} knta bja ebsa hn`às niaf yb wabwà {lb fsa `bbhnjk dbs niaf}yb }yfsy f cq}nja}}* Jb{, lasa„} f cq}nja}} ylfy ~bqmfj }yfsy ybebssb{ {nyl jb mfwnyf`8 jb ebja~ {lfy }batas ylfy {n`` msafya f wsbiqmy dbs ~bq ylfy n} msafyaifqybefynmf``~* ^bq ibj„y lfta yb {snya f {bsi* Bhf~2Jby bj`~ ib ~bq jby lfta yb {snya f {bsi, yla wsbiqmyylfy ~bq dnjf``~ wqy ybkaylas, fmyqf``~, oq}y mbea} yb ~bq

fqybefynmf``~ atas~if~* Ny„} f wsbiqmy ylfy ~bq mfj }a``dbs )6,777 bs ebsa* [b{* Ylfy }bqji} a|mnynjkiba}j„y ny2 ^bq ibj„y lfta yb msafya, ~bq lfta jbnjta}yeajy, ~bq oq}y {fny dbs ny yb mbea yb ~bq* F`` ~bqlfta yb ib n} wqy ny ybkaylas fji ~bq ibj„y lfta yb {snyaf {bsi fji ~bq„ta kby f wsbiqmy ylfy ~bq mfj }a`` dbs)6,777 bs ebsa*

]mbyy [lfy n} ny2

Ifta N hja{ ~bq„i f}h* Yln} n} fj niaf N }f{ bj A%cf~ ylfy N ylbqkly {f}

fc}b`qya`~ dfjyf}ynm* ]bea bd yla%ày ea knta ~bq f`nyyà wsadfma lasa camfq}a yln} n} f tas~ qjq}qf` niaf*Ny„} fj niaf N ylnjh ylfy fj~cbi~ mfj ib* Nd ~bq lftafc}b`qya`~ jb yamljnmf` }hn``}, ~bq lfta jb }hn``} nj{snynjk, ~bq lfta jb }hn``} nj msafynjk njdbsefynbjwsbiqmy}, ~bq lfta jb cq}nja}} }aj}a fy f``, ~bq mfj}yn`` ib yln}*

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Yln} n} fc}b`qya`~ fefznjk* [lfy f `by bd wabwà ibj„yhjb{ n} ylfy a|wasnajmai efshayas} fji wabwà njcq}nja}} fsa mbj}yfjy`~ `bbhnjk fy ylans mbewaynynbj ybdnji bqy {lfy hnji bd efshaynjk eaylbi} yla~„sa q}njkyb }a`` ylans wsbiqmy} fji }astnma}, camfq}a bja niafdsbe ylans mbewaynybs} mbqì la`w ylans cq}nja}}ysaeajibq}`~ fji ny„} tas~, tas~ ysqa dbs wabwà {lbfsa }a``njk njdbsefynbj wsbiqmy}* ^bq„sa mbj}yfjy`~`bbhnjk fy }fà} àyyas}8 ~bq„sa mbj}yfjy`~ `bbhnjk fyefshaynjk wnama} }ajy c~ {lfy ~bq {bqì mbj}nias bs{lfy wsbda}}nbjf` efshayas} {bqì mbj}nias ylawsaenasa efshaynjk bskfjnzfynbj} nj yla Qjnyai ]yfya}*

N„e }qsa ylasa„} efj~ bylas mbewfjna} nj Aqsbwa fjibylas mbewfjna} ylfy ~bq {bqì `bbh qw yb f} fwsaenasa efshayas bd wsbiqmy} fji }astnma}* Yln} niaf,N }f{ ny bj A%cf~ fji ny oq}y cà{ ea f{f~* [lfy yln}kq~ lfi ibja {f} }qc}msnca yb fji kay bj yla }fà}%kaybj yla `n}y bd f `fska wqc`n}lnjk mbewfj~ nj yla Qjnyai]yfya}, Fkbsf Wqc`n}lnjk, {lnml n} bja bd yla wsaenasaefshayas} bd njdbsefynbj wsbiqmy}, ja{}àyyas} nj ylaQjnyai ]yfya}*

Fc}b`qya`~ dns}y m`f}}, wsbda}}nbjf` efshaynjk efyasnf`}ylfy yla~ wsbiqma n} bqy}yfjinjk* [lfy la ini {f} lambjyfmyai Fkbsf Wqc`n}lnjk fji f}hai yb kay bj ylans`n}y yb }aji efshay%f} }bbj f} la kby bj ylans `n}y bs lacbqkly%N ylnjh la fmyqf``~ cbqkly bja bd ylans wsbiqmy}fji ylaj, bd mbqs}a, la kby bj ylans `n}y fqybefynmf``~*]b, ylaj, atas~ ynea ylfy yla~ lfi fj bddas bd }bea }bsyyla~ {bqì }aji lne f }fà} àyyas fji yla ebsa `n}y}fji yla ebsa ylnjk} ylfy la%yla ebsa `n}y} la kby bj{nyl ylfy mbewfj~ yla ebsa }fà} àyyas ylfy yla~ {bqì}aji lne*

Ylaj la lfi yla niaf ‐{a``, kaa, N„e kayynjk bja bs y{bàyyas} f ebjyl dsbe yln} mbewfj~* N {bjias a`}a {lfyyla~ lfta*― ]b, la mf`ài yla mbewfj~* La }fni ‐{lfya`}a%{lfy bylas hnji} bd ja{}àyyas} ylfy ~bq lfi bs{lfy bylas%mfj ~bq }aji ea njdbsefynbj fcbqy yln}ja{}àyyas2― ]b, cf}nmf``~, la {f} oq}y fmynjk f} f

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mbj}qeas mf``njk yla mbewfj~ fji f}hnjk ylae yb%f}hnjk yla mbewfj~ yb }aji lne yla }fà} àyyas}* ‐Mfj~bq }aji ea ebsa njdbsefynbj fcbqy yln} wsbiqmy2 Mfj~bq }aji ea ebsa njdbsefynbj fcbqy ylfy wsbiqmy2―

Ylaj la {fymlai tas~ mfsadq``~ yla efshaynjk wsbma}}ylfy yla~ q}ai yb mfwyqsa lne f} f }qc}msncas yb bja bd ylans ja{}àyyas}* Ylaj la f`}b }yfsyai q}njk inddasajyjfea}* ]b, la q}ai%`nha ln} jfea {f}%ày„} }f~ ln}jfea {f} F`d Ja{efj fji la%f`` bd f }qiiaj la}yfsyai yb }qc}msnca yb `n}y} F`dsai W* Ja{efj bs F`dsaiO* Ja{efj bs F`dsai @* Ja{efj* ]b, la kby%

]mbyy Bs @* Ja{efj*

Ifta @* Ja{efj* Fji la ysnai yb kay bj f} efj~ n}y} f} wb}}ncà fjibtas f mbqs}a bd f ~afs„} ynea la lfi }ftai f`` bd yla}aàyyas}* Jb{, yla}a {asa yla bsnknjf` àyyas} fji ylaefshaynjk wnama}* La mfsadq``~%yla~ f`` mfea njajta`bwa}*

La mfsadq``~ bwajai afml ajta`bwa, mfsadq``~ ybbh f`` bd yla efshaynjk wnama} ylfy mfea {nyl afml ajta`bwa fjiwqy ylae ybkaylas nj fj ajynsa wfmhfka* Jb{, camfq}a

la lfi }qc}msncai qjias }b efj~ inddasajy jfea} lalfi `nha f ibzaj bd yla}a inddasajy wfmhfka} f``ybkaylas* ]b, la ybbh bja bd ylb}a wfmhfka} ylfy {asa}ajy yb F`dsai W* Ja{efj fji fqmynbjai ny bj A%cf~ f}f }{nwa dnà* ]{nwa dnà}, nha N eajynbjai, efj~efshayas} `bta yb }aa yla efshaynjk efyasnf`} ylfybylas wqc`n}las} fji bylas njdbsefynbj efshayas} fsawqyynjk bqy* Yln} n} tas~ tf`qfcà njdbsefynbj yb ylae*

Yla~ {fjy yb }aa {lfy hnji bd bddas} fsa canjk efia,yla~ {fjy yb }aa {lfy lafi`nja} fsa canjk efia, canjk

q}ai, yla~ {fjy yb }aa nd ylb}a lafi`nja} mlfjka dsbeàyyas yb àyyas, yla~ {fjy yb }aa yla }avqajma, yla~{fjy yb }aa yla ifya} ylfy ylb}a àyyas} fsa }ajy bqy,{lfy„} yla ynenjk cay{aaj yla àyyas} canjk }ajy,ylasa„} f `by bd tas~ tf`qfcà njdbsefynbj ylfy ~bq mfjkfylas dsbe yla }fà} àyyas} ylfy mfea yb lne* ]b, la

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





wqy f`` bd yla}a ybkaylas, fqmynbjai ylae bj A%cf~ fji}bì ny dbs btas )6,777* Ny„} f dfjyf}ynm niaf*

^bq lfi fc}b`qya`~ jb njta}yeajy a|mawy kay mbewfjna}`n}y}* Ylasa fsa niaf} bqy ylasa `nha yln} ylfy {a mbqìyf`h fcbqy f`` if~, saf``~, cqy {a„ta caaj ibnjk yln} jb{dbs fèb}y y{b lbqs}*

]mbyy Ylfy„} ysaeajibq}*

Ifta âfl* N}j„y ylfy njmsaincà2 Ylasa fsa niaf} ylfy ~bq mfj efhaebja~ dsbe jbylnjk* Cf}nmf``~, ylfy„} {lfy ylfy n}* ^bqmfj efha ebja~ dsbe oq}y f }newà niaf*

]mbyy ]wafhnjk bd%dsbe oq}y f }newà niaf, ny„} ataj }beaylnjk f} }newàf} kbnjk fmsb}} yla }ysaay fji yf`hnjk yb ~bqs janklcbs{lb„} f wb`nma bddnmas fji lfta lne f}h ~bq ‐{lfy n} nyylfy ~bq ib fkfnj2― N }fni ‐{a``, N„e nj yla njdbsefynbjwsbiqmy wqc`n}lnjk njiq}ys~*― Fji la kba} ‐{lfya|fmy`~ n} ylfy2― ]b, ~bq hnji bd knta lne fj a|fewàcamfq}a ~bq„sa nj yla njdbsefynbj wsbiqmy njiq}ys~ fjiqjias}yfjinjk ylfy yla wbyajynf` calnji ny, ~bq„sa oq}ya|mnyai*

Ea, N„e hnji bd f yf`has* N mfj oq}y yf`h fcbqy ny* N }fni ‐{a``, `n}yaj yb yln}* @n}yaj lb{ yln} wnama bd njdbsefynbj}a``} fji yln} bja kq~ {sbya f cbbh bj lb{ yb yafml fwfssby lb{ yb yf`h fji la efia f cqjml bd ebja~ bdd bd ny*― ]b, N }lfsai yla mbjmawy {nyl lne fji la ylbqklyylfy {f} saf``~ mbb`*

La kba} ‐{a``, N„e f wb`nma bddnmas*―

La kba} ‐lb{ efj~ wabwà {bqì `nha yb hjb{ fcbqylb{ yb cambea f wb`nma bddnmas2― N }fni ‐kbbi

vqa}ynbj*― N }fni, ‐la~, ~bq„ta kby }bea efshaynjknj}ynjmy}*― ]b, {a„sa mbj}niasnjk ef~ca wqyynjkybkaylas }bea y~wa bd njdbsefynbjf` sawbsy bj lb{ ybcambea f wb`nma bddnmas%

Ifta Fc}b`qya`~*

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]mbyy Yla {f~ ylfy la ini camfq}a la saf``~ daa`} ylfy la hnji bd fmai ylaya}y} fji fmai ylsbqkl atas~ylnjk fji saf``~ ny iba}}aae `nha la ini camfq}a N saeaecas ny }aaeai `nhabja ebjyl la {f} {bshnjk fy In``fsi„} fji f da{ebjyl} `fyas la {f} f wb`nma bddnmas*

Ifta [lfy„} In``fsi„}2

]mbyy In``fsi„} n}%ny„} `nha f iawfsyeajy }ybsa nj f ef``*

Ifta [b{* Oq}y `nha ylfy2 F`` bd f }qiiaj la camfea f wb`nma bddnmas,lql2

]mbyy Ny {f} `nha bja ~afs la {f} {bshnjk fy In``fsi„} fji ylaj yla ja|y

~afs la {f} f wb`nma bddnmas*

Ifta ]b, la eq}y lfta }bea }~}yae bs fy àf}y la lf} f%la lfi feaylbi ylfy la ylbqkly flafi bd ynea fji efia lnetas~ }qmma}}dq`* Ny la`wai lne fyyfnj ln} kbf` bd cambenjk f wb`nma bddnmas* Jb{, nd la ibmqeajy ylfy%}aa, {a yf`h fcbqy yln} mbj}yfjy`~* ^bq ib }beaylnjk}qmma}}dq``~, ~bq ibmqeajy ny%{lfy ~bq ini dns}y, {lfy~bq ini }ambji fji ny„} fj njdbsefynbj wsbiqmy ylfy ~bqmfj }a`` dbsatas*

]mbyy Bylas wabwà {fjy yb }aa lb{*

Ifta Snkly*

]mbyy La%ny {f} dqjj~* N ylnjh la„i wsbcfc`~ efha f ksafy efshayassfylas ylfj f wb`nma bddnmas* Cqy, N }fni ‐la~, lb{ efj~wabwà bqy ylasa ib ~bq ylnjh ylfy fsa mbenjk bd mfsaasfka `bbhnjk fy wb}}nc`~ ibnjk yln} f} f mfsaas2― Ylbq}fji} bd wabwà*

Ifta ]qsa*

]mbyy Oadd Eq``nkfj n} f kbbi a|fewà bd }beacbi~ msafynjk f wsbiqmy ylfysaf``~ iba}j„y }aae yb ca f`` ylfy k`febsbq}8 Lb{ ybCafy f ]waainjk Ynmhay*

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La lf} ln} wsbiqmy fji yla `f}y N lafsi dsbe Oadd, lafmyqf``~ }a``} ny, la }a``} vqnya f da{ bd ny fji ny„} }yafin`~csnjknjk nj }fà}* ]b, N }f~}%ylfy„} {lfy hnji bd%N hnjibd%N {f} hnji bd ylnjhnjk fcbqy Oadd Eq``nkfj fji ln}Lb{ yb Cafy f ]waainjk Ynmhay *

N {f} `nha ‐{a``, bhf~* Lb{ yb fmyqf``~ cambea f wb`nmabddnmas fji ys~ yb dnji yla wabwà ylfy fsa ys~njk yb cafyf }waainjk ynmhay*― N ibj„y hjb{* Cqy, fj~{f~, e~janklcbs fmsb}} yla }ysaay }f~} ‐{a``, N„i `nha yb wqs}qayln}*― ]b, N }fni ‐N„i `nha yb la`w ~bq, 17"17*―

Ifta Ylfy„} fjbylas, ybb* Ylfy„} f yassndnm niaf* Nd ~bq ibj„y ylnjh ~bqhjb{ fj~ylnjk cqy ~bq }ysnha qw mbjtas}fynbj} {nyl

wabwà fji ny„} fefznjk yla lbccna}, yla njyasa}y} ylfybylas wabwà lfta fji nd ~bq mfj oq}y }ny ib{j fji yf`hyb ylae fji njyastna{ ylae fji kay ny f`` bj yfwa fjiylaj lfta ny ysfj}msncai ~bq lfta f yassndnm njdbsefynbjwsbiqmy ylfy ~bq mfj }a`` dbsatas* ^bq ibj„y lfta ybmbea qw {nyl fj~ylnjk bsnknjf` bj ~bqs b{j*

Nd ~bq ibj„y ylnjh ~bq hjb{ fj~ylnjk, fji N in}fksaa* Nylnjh eb}y wabwà hjb{ }beaylnjk ylfy yla~ mbqì yqsjnjyb fj njdbsefynbj wsbiqmy cqy nd ~bq ibj„y hjb{

fj~ylnjk, njyastna{ }beabja {lb n} ibnjk }beaylnjkmbb` ylfy ~bq ylnjh bylas wabwà {bqì `nha yb hjb{fcbqy*

]mbyy Ysqa*

Ifta [laylas ny„} f lbcc~ bs nd ny„} f wfsynmq`fs {f~ ~bq mbbh }beaylnjkbs nd ny„} f samnwa bs }beaylnjk ylfy ~bq lfta bs f {f~~bq kfsiaj ylfy ksb{} cafqyndq` takayfcà} fjicafqyndq` d`b{as} fji%ylasa„} }beaylnjk ~bq wsbcfc`~f`safi~ hjb{ ylfy ~bq ibj„y ylnjh eqml fcbqy camfq}a

~bq yfha ny dbs ksfjyai cqy ~bq„sa saf``~ kbbi fy ny*

]beaynea} f`` ~bq lfta yb ib yb dnji bqy {lfy ~bq„sasaf``~ kbbi fy n} yb kb qw yb }beacbi~, }beacbi~{lb„} `nha f dsnaji bd ~bqs fji oq}y }f~ ‐c~ yla {f~,N„ta caaj ys~njk yb ylnjh bd ylnjk} N„e saf``~ kbbi fy*Mfj ~bq ya`` ea }beaylnjk N„e kbbi fy2―

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ylaj ~bq kay fj bcoamynta bwnjnbj fcbqy ny fji ~bqsdsnaji {n`` }ny ylasa fji }f~ ‐{a``, ~bq hjb{, ~bq„sasaf``~ kbbi fy ylfy caad }ysbkfjbdd N lfi yla bylas if~*Ylfy {f} ia`nmnbq}― bs ‐yla {f~ ~bq efia ylb}a yfmb}*Ylfy {f} saf``~ qjnvqa*

N `bta ylb}a― bs ‐yla {f~%lb{ ib ~bq ib ylfy ylnjk{nyl ~bqs mfs2 ^bq kay ny%ny„} cafqyndq` yla {f~ ~bqiayfn` ~bqs mfs* Lb{ ib ~bq ib ylfy2― Ylasa„} f`{f~}}beaylnjk ylfy ~bq yfha dbs ksfjyai ylfy ~bq ibj„yataj hjb{ ~bq„sa kbbi fy* ]b, f}h }beacbi~* F}h fdsnaji* ‐[lfy ib ~bq ylnjh N„e kbbi fy2― fji }aa {lfyyla~ }f~* N ylnjh yla fj}{as enkly }qswsn}a ~bq fji

ylfy„} fj njdbsefynbj wsbiqmy*

]mbyy Bja bylas ylnjk, ybb, N oq}y {fjy yb }ysa}} fji%haaw f jbya wfi c~~bq camfq}a f} ~bq cambea fj njdbsefynbj wsbiqmywas}bj ~bq„`` mbea qw {nyl niaf} fji nd ~bq ibj„y {snyaylae ib{j ~bq„`` ca }qswsn}ai lb{ vqnmh`~ ~bq dbskayylae*

Ifta â}, ylfy„} ysqa*

]mbyy Ylfy„} }beaylnjk ylfy N saeaecas ylfy ~bq yfqkly ea f `bjk yneafkb, ylsaa ~afs} fkb {laj N dns}y kby bj ~bqs `n}y, Ifta*^bq }fni ‐N haaw f jbya wfi ja|y yb e~ jnkly }yfji,camfq}a N„`` ataj {fha qw bqy bd e~ isafe} fji N„``lfta%bs N„`` {fha qw nj yla eniià bd yla jnkly fji N„``lfta yla}a niaf} fji N„`` {snya ylae ib{j*― N ibj„yhjb{ lb{ efj~ ynea} ylfy„} lfwwajai yb ea*

Ifta âw* Yln} n} e~ 33ji jbyacbbh* Haawnjk niaf}* ^bq oq}y kby ybhaaw {snynjk ylae ib{j, {snynjk ylae ib{j* Bd mbqs}a, lf`d bd ylae N `b}y cadbsa N {sbya ylae ib{j,

cqy N {bqì haaw {snynjk ib{j niaf} mbj}yfjy`~ fji N„takby%N„ta wsbcfc`~ kby f ibzaj bd yla}a }mfyyasaiylsbqklbqy e~ lbq}a*

Nd N ibj„y lfta ny {nyl ea lfji~ ylasa„} f`{f~} bja snklybtas ylasa* Nd N ibj„y lfta bja lfji~ ylasa„} bjaqw}yfns} jafs e~ jnkly }yfji*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Nd N ibj„y lfta bja lfji~ nj e~ wbmhay ylasa„} bja njyla mfs* N haaw bja nj yla mfs f`` yla ynea camfq}a Nhaaw dbskayynjk yb csnjk yla bja nj dsbe yla lbq}a, }b Nwqy bja nj yla mfs* N kby bja ja|y yb e~ ia}h* N kbybja qw}yfns}* Yla~„sa f`` btas yla lbq}a*

Cqy, yla niaf n} {laj ~bq lfta fj niaf bs ~bq lfta fjniaf yb efha ebja~ bs ~bq lfta fj niaf, f {f~ nj{lnml ~bq mfj }b`ta f wsbcàe ylfy ~bq„sa ys~njk yb}b`ta {snya yla niaf ib{j* Kay ny bqy bd ~bqs laficamfq}a ylfy ksf~ efyyas cay{aaj ~bqs afs} n}j„yf`{f~} sa`nfcà fji bjma ~bq ylnjh bd ylfy niaf ~bq ef~aji qw kbnjk bj yb }beaylnjk a`}a fji dbskayynjk ny f``

ybkaylas* Lfta ~bq atas lfi ylfy a|wasnajma2 ^bq }f~ ‐bl, efj, N oq}y lfi f ksafy niaf fji N `b}y ny*―

]mbyy Bd mbqs}a*

Ifta âfl, atas~cbi~ lf}* ]b, haaw f jbyacbbh*

]mbyy Ifta, canjk lasa fy e~ lbea {nyl ea, ny„} saf``~ caaj fj lbjbs yblfta ~bq lasa* N oq}y%N {fjy yb ya`` atas~cbi~, N {fjyyb ya`` f`` ~bqs }qc}msncas} ylfy ~bq„sa fj fefznjk

was}bj fji N„ta caaj }b cà}}ai yb hjb{ ~bq fji ybcambea f dsnaji {nyl ~bq fji%}b N saf``~ ajmbqsfkafj~bja ylfy {bqì%yb ib ylfy }fea* Kay yb hjb{ Iftafji%camfq}a ~bq„ta iadnjnya`~%~bq sqccai bdd* ^bq sqcbdd bj ea*

Ifta Ylfy„} kbbi* N lbwa nj f kbbi {f~, ]mbyy* [a``, ylfjh ~bq tas~eqml dbs ylfy* N fwwsamnfya ylfy fji ny„} f wàf}qsahjb{njk ~bq fji ny„} saf``~ lbjbs hjb{njk ~bq, ybb*^bq„sa fj fecnynbq} kq~ fji ~bq„sa f ksafy kq~ fji~bq„sa lafsy„} nj yla snkly w`fma, ~bq„sa enji„} nj yla

snkly w`fma fji ~bq„sa ys~njk yb ib kbbi ylnjk} dbswabwà, ybb, fji ylfy„} {lfy njdbsefynbj wsbiqmycq}nja}} n} saf``~ fcbqy* Saf``~ la`wnjk wabwà fjinewsbtnjk ylans `nta} nj }bea {f~*

]mbyy Masyfnj`~* Nd ~bq efha ylfy ~bqs kbf` ~bq„`` jatas kb {sbjk*

® 3771%3774* F`` snkly} sa}astai*





Ifta Ylfy„} snkly* Fc}b`qya`~* [a``, ylfjh ~bq tas~ eqml dbs lftnjk eafji N ylnjh ylfy„} fcbqy ny dbs ybif~, lql2 N {n}l {a lfiynea yb mbtas ebsa niaf} nj e~ jbyacbbh&

]mbyy ]b ib N& @ay„} ib yln} fkfnj& Ifta ]bqji} kbbi*

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XAji bd FqinbU







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