faecal sludge management in bangladesh: an issue that needs urgent attention
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Faecal sludge management in Bangladesh an issue that needs urgent attention
Aftab Opel, M Khairul Bashar, M Feroze Ahmed
Asia regional sanitation and hygiene practitioners workshop
31 January – 2 February 2012
Dhaka, Bangladesh
WaterAid Conference Room
27 December 2010
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Sanitation challenges
» Open defecation reduced to 4.4 % in 2010 which is a significant achievement
» Does it mean that the magnitude of the problem is also reduced?
The magnitude of the problem
2003 201105
101520253035404550
Open defecation
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Sanitation challenges
» About 80,000 tons of sludge generated per day in the country
» About 24,000 tons of sludge generated per day in the urban areas of the country
» About 960 tons of sludge go to treatment plant in Dhaka
» What happens to the remaining volume?
70
26
4
Sludge generation/treat-
ment
Rural Urban Treatment
The magnitude of the problem
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Sanitation challenges
» 1220 household interviewed in 3 cities
» Samples in Khulna and Faridpur were statistically representative for the cities
» Samples in Dhaka were not representative for the city
Methodology
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Toilet type Access type
Dhaka Khulna Faridpur0%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
VIP Pit Septic Tank OD
Dhaka Khulna Faridpur0%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Community Shared Personal
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Pit/tank emptying and transportation methods
Dhaka Khulna Faridpur0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Other
Mechan-ical
Manual
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Destination of sludge
Dhaka Khulna Faridpur0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Open wa-terbody
Underground
Particular place
Open drain
Randomly
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Frequency of emptying
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Awareness of the consequences
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Expenses of emptying Willingness to pay for improved service
» Manual US$12-US$17
» Mechanical US$ 17 – US$40 Dhaka Khulna Faridpur
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
No Yes
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Demand estimation for on-site sanitation
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Service coverage
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Follow up activities
» An action research to find out possible ways forward (with funding from Simavi)
» We shall try out different models to make sludge into product over the next 2 years.
» We welcome your thoughts and ideas.
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Acknowledgement
The research was funded and guided by
We acknowledge their support.