factoring. meaning factoring may broadly be defined as the relationship, created by an agreement,...
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FactoringFactoring
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MeaningMeaning
Factoring may broadly be defined as the relationship, created by an agreement, between the seller of goods /services and a financial institution called the factor, whereby the latter purchases the receivables of the former and also controls and administers the receivables of the former.
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Mechanism of FactoringMechanism of Factoring1. An agreement is entered into between
the selling firm and the factor firm. 2. The sales documents should contain
the instructions to make payments directly to the factor who is assigned the job of collection of receivables.
3. When the payment is received by the factor, the account of the selling firm is credited by the factor after deducting the fees, charges, interest, etc
4. The factor may provide advance finance to the selling firm if the conditions of the agreement so require.
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FactorSelling FirmCustomer Receivabl
es
Agreement(1)
Payments
Sale of Goods(2)
Invoice Copy(3)
Advance Payment /Discounting(4)
Final Payment after deducting fess and charges If any (5)
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Types of FactoringTypes of FactoringRecourse Factoring and Non
Recourse FactoringAdvance and Mature FactoringConventional or Full FactoringDomestic and Export FactoringLimited FactoringSelected Seller Based FactoringDisclosed and Undisclosed
Factoring
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Functions of Sales LedgerFunctions of Sales LedgerAdministration of Sales LedgerCollection of receivablesProvision of FinanceProtection Against RiskAdvisory Services
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Advantages of FactoringAdvantages of FactoringImprove his efficiencyImproving his Credit Standing PositionProvides Flexibility to the CompanyImproved Cash FlowsMeet Seasonal DemandsBetter Purchase PlanningHelp in Boosting the efficiency ratiosSaves the management time and
effortAvoid Bad DebtsEnsures better management of
receivables
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ForfaitingForfaitingThe forfaiting has derived from a french
term “a forfait” which means to forfeit(or surrender) one’s rights on something to some one else. Forfaiting is a mechanism of financing exports:
By discounting export receivablesEvidenced by bills of exchanges or
promissory notesWithout recourse to the seller(exporter)Carrying medium to long term maturitiesOn a fixed rate basis upto 100% of the
contract value.
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Mechanism of ForfaitingMechanism of Forfaiting The exporter and importer negotiate the proposed
export sale contract. The forfaiter collects details about the importer,
supply and credit terms, etc Forfaiter ascertains the country risk and credit risk
involved. The forfaiter quotes the discount rate The exporter then quotes a cobtract price to the
overseas buyer loading discount rate, commitment fee on the sale price of the goods to be exported.
The exporter and forfaiter sign a contract Export takes place against documents guranteed by
the importer bank The exporter discounts the bills with the forfaiter
and the latter presents the same to the importer for payment on due date on even sell it in secondary market
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BenefitsBenefits It frees the exporter from political or
commercial risks from abroad.Forfaiting offers without recourse finance
to an exporter. It does not effect the exporter’s borrowing limits/capacity
It relieves the exporter from botheration of credit administration and collection problems
It is specific to a transaction. It does not require long term banking relationship with forfaiter
Exporter saves money on insurance costs because forfaiting eliminates the need for export credit insurance.