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1 HEALTH REGULATIONS UNDER THE FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT 1967

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Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967) - Regulations. State the objectives of Health Regulations under FMA 1967. To List5 strategies of Health Regulations under FMA 1967. To Explain4 Health Regulations under FMA 1967

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Page 1: Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967) - Regulations. Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967) - Regulations. State the objectives of Health Regulations under FMA 1967. To

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HEALTH REGULATIONS UNDER THE FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT

1967

Page 2: Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967) - Regulations. Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967) - Regulations. State the objectives of Health Regulations under FMA 1967. To

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OBJECTIVES1. State the objectives of Health

Regulations under FMA 1967

2. List 5 strategies of Health Regulations under FMA 1967

3. Explain 4 Health Regulations under FMA 1967

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SCOPE Objectives

Strategies

Health Regulations Important Aspects Main Provisions

Conclusion

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HEALTH REGULATIONS UNDER FMA 1967

OBJECTIVES

Prevent the occurrence of diseases due to excessive use and exposure to lead, asbestos, mineral dust and noise

Formulation of minimum standards to protect workers exposure

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HEALTH REGULATIONSSTRATEGIES

PROTECTION OF WORKERS BY:1. Determining exposure limits2. Identifying and assessing level of exposure3. Reducing exposure using:

Engineering controls Administrative procedures Personal protective equipments

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HEALTH REGULATIONSSTRATEGIES

PROTECTION OF WORKERS BY:

4. Early detection of disease through health surveillance

5. Creating awareness among workers through training and information

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HEALTH REGULATIONS UNDER FMA 1967

Factories and Machinery (Lead) Regulations 1984

Factories and Machinery (Asbestos Process) Regulations 1986

Factories and Machinery (Mineral Dust) Regulations 1989

Factories and Machinery (Noise Exposure) Regulations 1989

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IMPORTANT ASPECTS Competent persons Maintenance, inspection and testing of

control equipments Approvals for monitoring and testing

equipments Approvals for Personal Protective

Equipment

HEALTH REGULATIONS UNDER FMA 1967

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FMA 1967 PROVISIONS LD AP MD NPreliminary √ √ √ √

Permissible Exposure Limits √ √ √ √ Exposure Monitoring √ √ √ √ Compliance Methods √ √ √ √ Respiratory Protection √      

Personal Protective Equipments

√     Hrg

Good Housekeeping √ √ √  

Hygienic Practices and Facilities

√ H&D/ CR/L

CR/L/S

 

Medical Surveillance √ √ √ AuD Transfer of Medical Protection √      

Training and Information to Workers

√ √ √ √ Warning Signages √ √ √ √ Miscellaneous P P/NS P/

SCP/SC

LD-Lead; AP-Asbestos Process; MD-Mineral Dust; N-Noise; Hrg-Hearing; H&D-Handling & Disposal; CR-Changing Room; S-Shower; L-Locker; AuD-Audiometric

Test; P-Penalty; SC-Schedule Change; NS-No Smoking

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HEALTH REGULATIONS UNDER OSHA 1994

Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health) 2000Among the provisions are:

Permissible Exposure LimitsActions to control exposure – engineering controls, administrative controls, use of PPEExposure monitoringHealth surveillanceMedical transfer protectionRecordkeeping

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (ASBESTOS PROCESS) REGULATIONS 1986

APPLICATION

All factories where there are asbestosprocessesexcept building operations and works

ofengineering construction

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (ASBESTOS PROCESS) REGULATIONS 1986

ASBESTOS PROCESS:

Manufacturing process which involvesasbestos except processes where:

The quantity of asbestos dust produced does not exceed the permissible exposure limit; or

Cleaning of premise, equipment and factory facilities

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (ASBESTOS PROCESS) REGULATIONS 1986

Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) PEL= 1 Fibre/ml air 8 hour

average

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (LEAD) REGULATIONS 1986

APPLICATION

All factories processes where lead is used Does not apply on construction sites

or works of engineering construction

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY

(LEAD) REGULATIONS 1986

Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) PEL = 150 microgramme/m3 8 hour average Action level = 75 µg/m³ 8 hour average If working hours is other than 8 hours, PEL ( g/m3) = 1200 total working hours per day

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (MINERAL DUST) REGULATIONS 1989

APPLICATION

All factories where there are processes using mineral dust

MINERAL DUST PROCESS Manufacturing process involving use of mineral dust

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (MINERAL DUST) REGULATIONS 1989

PROHIBITION Sand blasting process shall not be used in any factory unless with written approval from the Chief Inspector

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MINERAL DUST

BariteClay Coal Corundum Cristobalite Diatomite Emery Feldspar Garnet

GraphiteGypsum Kaolin Kyanite Limestone Magnesite Marble Mica Mineral wool

Perlite Portland CementPotashQuartzSoapstoneTalc (free of asbestos fibre)Tridymite

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (MINERAL DUST) REGULATIONS 1989

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITSDust that contain Silica <1% Silica:Worker exposure should not exceed the average concentration for a duration of 8

hours: 5 mg/m3 air - respirable dust

10 mg/m3 air - total dust

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (MINERAL DUST) REGULATIONS 1989

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITSDust that contain Silica <1% Silica:Worker exposure should not exceed the average concentration for a duration of 8

hours: 0.05 mg/m3 air - respirable cristobalite/

trydymite

0.10 mg/m3 are - respirable quartz

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (MINERAL DUST) REGULATIONS 1989

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT If > Permissible Exposure Limits, provide:

Clothing that covers the whole body Gloves, hats, shoes Face shield, goggle and other relevant PPE

The employer is responsible to provide facilities for the hygiene and disposal of clothing and equipment

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989

BACKGROUND Studies were conducted in the years 1983-

1990 302 factories; 45,974 workers Average 50% were at risk of hearing

impairment 22% actually hearing impairment 70% were exposed at levels > 90dBA Median age: 28 years old

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INDUSTRIES WITH NOISE EXPOSURE AND % WORKER RISK

Textile factory (59.2%) Steel factory (54.9%) Chemical industry (52.9%) Drink manufacturing industry (52.1%) Factory producing mineral products (51.8%) Factory producing food products (49.4%) Factory producing steel products (48.9%) Palm oil mill (48.9%)

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989

APPLICATION

All factories where workers are exposed to excessive noise

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY

(NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS 90 dBA for 8 hour exposure Limits are listed in the First Schedule

Applicable Changing Rate - 5 dB Each additional 5 dB, half a dose

Does not exceed the maximum limit of 115 dBA at any time

Does not exceed 140 dB impulsive noise at peak level

Dose for action level is 0.5

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989

EXPOSURE MONITORING Initial Monitoring

Sampling of workers suspected of high exposureExposure Monitoring Frequency (initial monitoring action level)

Depends on the level of exposure every 6 months every 3 months, or once only

Monitoring is conducted by a Competent Person (Mineral Dust and Noise Exposure)

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY

(NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989

ADDITIONAL EXPOSURE MONITORINGRequired if there are any changes in: Production Processes Controls, or Workersresulting in new or additional exposure

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989

METHODS OF COMPLIANCEReduce and control exposure below the PEL using:Engineering controls

Ventilation, if installed, effectiveness has to be tested Testing is conducted by a Competent Person Water spray (Mineral dust)

Administrative controls include safe work proceduresUse of personal protective equipments if other controls fail to reduce exposure

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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY

(NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Hearing/Respiratory protection is used: simultaneously with other forms of control Where other controls fail to reduce exposure to

below permissible levels

Provision of PPE Approved by Chief Inspector Suitable to worker Suitable to work requirements Does not effect worker health

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HYGIENIC PRACTICES AND FACILITIES

LEAD, ASBESTOS & MINERAL DUST EXPOSURE

Clean floor from contaminants Cleaning should be using vacuum cleaner Use of compressed air is prohibited

(Lead and Mineral Dust Regulations)

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HYGIENIC PRACTICES AND FACILITIES

LEAD, ASBESTOS & MINERAL DUST EXPOSURE

Changing Rooms, Lockers and Showers Lockers for daily wear Separate lockers for protective clothing and

respiratory equipments Changing rooms (asbestos process and lead only) Showers (asbestos process and lead only) Separate dining facilities from work areas (lead)

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MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE

LEAD EXPOSURE If exposed > 30 days per year Frequency of Blood Lead test, every:

6 months 3 months if 40-60µg/100g blood 1 months if 60-80 µg/100g blood 1 months if in period of medical transfer 1 month for women who are able to conceive

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MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE

LEAD EXPOSURE

Medical surveillance is conducted: Every 1 year if 40µg/100g blood Before being assigned to a work area where

air concentration action level There are signs of symptoms of poisoning Every worker in the medical transfer if

required by a doctor

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MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE

ASBESTOS PROCESS

Workers working in an area where there is asbestos exposure, whether continuous or intermittent

In the period of 30 days from the first day of work

Frequency Not exceeding 2 years

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MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE

MINERAL DUST EXPOSURE

If exposed > action level Frequency of testing:

Every 2 years Exposed worker > action level

Every year Workers experiencing early signs of

pneumoconiosis

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MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE

NOISE EXPOSUREAudiometric Testing Programme If exposure > action level Frequency of testing:

Every year if worker exposure > Permissible exposure limit If basic audiometric tests show loss of hearing If annual test shows Standard Threshold Shift

Every 2 years Worker exposure is at action level <

Permissible exposure limit

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MEDICAL REMOVAL LEAD EXPOSURE Worker should be

removed/transferred If blood lead tests show

80µg/100g blood average 3 latest tests 73µg/100g blood 40µg/100g blood for women who are

able to conceive, or Health of the worker may be affected

based on results/medical opinion

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MEDICAL REMOVAL

ASBESTOS PROCESS

Worker should be removed/ transferred if results or medical opinion shows any early indications of asbestos related diseases

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TRAINING & INFORMATION

Training programme at least once every two years for workers action level

Contents of training Rules and worker rights Operational circumstances that may cause high

concentrations Purpose, selection, application and limitations of

PPE Brief on the purpose of medical surveillance and

monitoring programme including its implications on health

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WARNING SIGNAGES

WARNING!!LEAD IN WORK AREA

POISONNO EATING OR SMOKING

Example

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RECORDKEEPING Monitoring records

As long as the worker is in service – asbestos, mineral dust, noise exposures

2 years – lead exposure Medical surveillance records

As long as the worker is in service – lead, asbestos exposures

5 years – noise exposure 25 years – mineral dustRecords are kept by employer/doctor

Medical removal records As long as the worker is in service – lead

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MISCELLANEOUS

Upon conviction, fine not exceeding RM 1,000 (noise, mineral dust) RM2,000 (lead, asbestos)

Penalties for Offences

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CONCLUSION

OBJECTIVES Prevent the occurrence of diseases due

to use and excessive exposure to lead, asbestos, mineral dust and noise

Formulate a minimum standards to protect workers from hazardous exposures while at work