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7/30/2019 Facist in Rakh in Estate

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Aung San Aung San of Burma

Burma Army The Grouth of the Burma Army observed from

the Japanese View PointChallange Burma's Challange

In Burma The Campaign in Burma

Japanese Military Burma: Japanese Millitary

Administration Administration

My Burma My Burma

Occupation of Burma Japanese Occupation of Burma

Retreat Retreat from Burma

The Roots The Roots of the Revolution


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15/70



twGif;olykeftzGJU[l ppfaMumif;BuD;av;aMumif; jzefYNyD; jrefrmjynfwGif;okdY csDwufcJh&m &efukefNrdKUukd ArmhvGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmfu *syefwyfrsm;xufapm(8)rwf (1942)wGif odrf;ykdufrdjcif;jzpfonf/52 *syefwyfrsm; &efukefNrdKUukd odrf;ykdufrdonfh (10)rwf (1942)wGif *syefppfbufonf ppftkyfcsKyfa&;Xmeukd zGJUpnf;NyD; ppftkyfcsKyfa&;XmekH;ukd ,cifbk&ifcHtdrfawmfa[mif;wGif zGJUpnf;NyD; ppftkyfcsKyfa&;XmekH;ukd ,cifbk&ifcHtdrfawmfa[mif;wGif

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16/70


17/70



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18/70



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19/70



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*syeftmPmykdifwkdYu ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf\ cRwf,Gif;csufrsm;ukd jyifqif pepfwusjyefvnf

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xkdYaemuf(1)Mo*kwf(1942)aeYwGif *sife&,ftD'guyif ppftkyfcsKyfa&;\uGwfuJrIatmufwGif jrefrmEkdifiHA[kdtkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUukd zGJUpnf;ay;jyefonf/ ,if;tpkd;&tzGJUonf *syefwkdY\ ta&SUtm&SppfyGJBuD;atmifjrif&efESihfta&SUtm&SwkdufwGif acwfopfxlaxmif&ef *syefwkdY\tpDtpOfrsm; atmifjrifa&;twGuf ,if;wkdYtvkdusaqmif&Guf&onf/ jrefrmEkdifiHtpkd;&tzGJUwGif atmufygyk*dKvfrsm;yg0ifonf/

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(10) Xmevufukdifr&Sd0efBuD; ocifjr93


20/70




21/70



jrefrmEdkifiH A[kdtkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUukd *sife&,ftD'g\csKyfukdifrIrS vGwfuif;apcJhonf[kqkdaomfvnf;*syefppftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUESihfyl;wGJtkyfcsKyf&onf/ azmfjyygXmewkdif;wGif *syeftBuHay;t&m&Sdrsm; xm;&Sdonf/94 tcsKdUXmersm;wGif *syeftBuHay;t&m&Sd(5)OD;? (6)OD;txd xm;&Sdonf/ rnfonfhudprqkd ,if;*syeftBuHay;t&m&Sdrsm;\ oabmqEukd,lNyD;rSom qkH;jzwfEkdifcGifh&Sdonf/ *syeftBuHay;t&m&Sdrsm;\ tcGifhtmPmrSm rsm;pGm&Sd&um;

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wpfaoG; wpfoH wpfrdefY[k a


22/70



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23/70



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24/70



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25/70



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ocifodef;azxHrS ay;vkdufaompm\oabmrSm(1944)ckESpf 'DZifbm aemufqkH;ywfrSp (1945)azazmf0g&Dvukeftxd &ckdifjynfwGif *syefzufqpf

wkdYtm; &ckdifrsKd;cspfrsm;u vufeufukdifwkdufckduf&mwGif r[mrdwfESihf yl;aygif;aqmif&GufcJhaom tawGUtBuHKt&r[mrdwfrsm;xHrS vufeufcJ,rf;tultnD&&Sda&;rSm rvG,ful? vkdoavmufta&twGufukd r&cJh/ r[mrdwfwyfrsm;onf *syefwkdYtm; wkdufckduf&ef tcuftcJawGUaeaoma'orsm;wGifom rdrdwkdYzufqpfawmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;ukd vufeufcJ,rf;tultnDay;vkdMuonf/ ,if;wkdY\ppfrdefYay;rIukd emcH&rnf[kvnf; awmif;qkdMuonf/xkdYaMumifh r[mrdwfwkdYxHrS vufeuftultnD&a&;ukd t"durxm;&ef rdrdvufeufjzihf rdrdwkdYzmom *syefukdawmfvSefwkdufckdufa&;ukd t"duxm;&ef? rdrdwkdYowfrSwfaoma'oESihf oifhawmfonfxifaom tcsdefwGif *syefwkdYukd awmfvSef&ef r[mrdwfxkd;ppfrSm vQifjrefvmojzihf zufqpfwkdYtm; wpfjynfvkH;wGif awmfvSefwkdufckdufa&;ukdaqmif&Guf&ef ponfjzihf jzpfonf/163 xkdpmrsm;ESihfywfouf jrefrmacgif;aqmifrsm;\ aqG;aEG;yGJukd atmufygoabmxm; qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd tm;vkH;oabmwl csrSwfcJhMuonf/- zufqpfwkdufzsufa&; jynfolYtzGJYcsKyfonf r[mrdwfppfXmecsKyf\pmygoabmxm;rsm;ukd vufrcHEkdif/- r[mrdwfppfXmecsKyf\ukd,fpm; trSwf(136)wyfzGJU\tkyfcsKyfTefMum;rIukd vufrcHEkdif/- rdrdwkdY\zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wyfzGJUrsm;onf rdrdwkdYa&G;cs,fowfrSwfxm;onfha'orsm;om rdrdoabm

tavQmufppfqifa&;vkyfrnf/ odkYaomf r[mrdwfESihf dEIdif;aqmif&Gufrnf/- rdrdwkdYvufeufukdif wyfzGJU0ifrsm;ESihf aysmufMum;ta&twGuf &SdoavmufulnDrnfqkdonfukd oabm

wlonf/- zufqpfwkdufzsufa&;jynfolYtzGJUcsKyfonf zufqpf*syefwkdYtm; jrefrmEdkifiHwpf0Srf;vkH;wGif wpfNydKifwnf;

awmfvSefwkdufckdufMurnf/


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- r[mrdwfppfXmecsKyfESihf oabmwlnDcsuf&onfjzpfap? r&onfjzpfap? zufqpfwkdufzsufa&; jynfolYtzGJUcsKyfonf zufqpf*syefwkdYtm; vufeufukdif awmfvSefa&;wpfjynvkH; pwifjyKvkyf&ef ponfjzifhaqG;aEG; qkH;jzwfMuonf/ xkdtpnf;ta0;wGif zufqpf*syefrsm;tm; vufeufukdif pwifwkdufckduf&eftwGuf zufqpfawmfvSefa&;TefMum;csuf164xkwfjyefchJonf/165xkdYaemuf zufqpfwkdYtm; atmufyg

twkdif; ppfwkdif;rsm;cGJ awmfvSefMu&ef tpnf;ta0; qkH;jzwfcJhonf/wkdif;(1) jynf? om,m0wD? tif;pdefESifh [oFmw(ta&SU)wkdif;(2) [Hom0wD? zsmykH? rtlyif/wkdif;(3) ykodrf? [oFmw(taemuf)ESihfajrmif;jrwkdif;(4) yJcl;? a&Tusif? oxkHwkdif;(5) armfvNrdKif? xm;0,fESihfNrdwfwkdif;(6) rdwDvm? ysOf;rem;? awmifilESifh awmifykdif;&Srf;jynfwkdif;(7) o&uf? tmvH? rauG;? rif;bl; xkdwkdif;rsm;tjyif &ckdifwkdif;? txufArmjynfwkdif;? &efukef[l

xyfrHcGJjcm;owfrSwfjyefonf/ ,if;odkYcGJjcm;owfrSwfNyD; zufqpf*syefwkdYukd awmfvSefcJhonf/166

*syefwkdYonf jrefrmEkdifiHokdY 0ifrvmrDuyif &efukefukd odrf;ykdufNyD;ygu vGwfvyfa&;aMujimay;rnf[kuwd&SdcJhMuaomfvnf; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;okdY ,if;wkdYa&muf&SddvmaomtcgwGifum; uwdukdazmufzsufcJhMukHrujrefrmwkdif;&if;om;wkdYtm; enf;rsKd;pkHjzihf zdESdyfcJhMuonf/ *syefwkdY\zdESdyfrIaMumihf jrefrmwkdY\ pD;yGm;a&;? ynma&;?usf;rma&;tzufzufrS emvefrxlEdkifatmif ysufqD;cJh&onf/ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmftaejzihf *syefwkdY\zufqpfokyfukd yDyDjyifjyifjrifawGUvm&csdefwGif zufqpfawmfvSefa&;twGuf vQKd0Sufpnf;kH;cJhMuonf/(1945)zufqpfawmfvSefa&;rwkdifrDuyif Armhwyfrawmfu *syefwkdYtm; awmfvSef&ef tBudrfBudrfBudK;pm;cJhonf/okdYaomf Armhwyfrawmfonf xkdpOfu vufeuft&vnf;aumif;? vlxkpnf;kH;a&;t&vnf;aumif;? awmfvSefa&;wpf&yfqifETJ&ef rjzpfEdkifao;ojzihf acwqkdif;iHhum zufqpf*syeftm; awmfvSef&ef xyfrHvQKd0Suf pnf;kH;jyifqifrIrsm;jyKvkyfNyD;(1945)rwfvwGif zufqpf*syefwkdYtm; ppfwkdif;BuD;rsm;cGJ awmfvSefcJhMuonf/

1/ Hawaiian Island2/ Pearl Harbour3/ (u) aMu;rkHowif;pm? 21-12-1941

(c) AEKvOD;pdef? uREkfyfwkdYtwGif;a&;? (&efukef? &efykHcGif;aq;wkduf? 1946)? pm-13/ aemifukd;um;vQif pdef? twGif;a&; [k twkdTef;rnf/

4/ rpwmtkdEkdwkd;k (jrefrmjyef)? *syefppftkyfcsKyfa&;acwfjrefrmEkdifiH? (&efukef? yk*Hpmtkyfwkduf? 1975)?pm-18 aemifukd;um;vQif tkdEkdwkd;k? *syefacwfjrefrmEkdifiH [k twkdTef;rnf/

5/ (u) A Short history of Burma Army , P.11wyfrawmfarmfuGef;wkdufEBR-30

(c) tkdEkdwkd;k? *syefacwfjrefrmEdkifiH? pm-606/ Aung San, Burma's Challange, (The New Light of Burma Press, Ltd. Rangoon, 1946),

P.37. Hereafter this work will be referred to as Aung San, Challange.

7/ Burma Independence Army8/ OD;vGef;azESihf OD;bGefwdwfwkdY\ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf pwifwnfaxmifykH ukd,ffawGUrSwfwrf;?

wyfrawmfarmfuGef;wkdufDR. 3204 aemifukd;um;vQif ArmhvGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmfpwifwnfaxmifykH [k twkdTef;rnf/

9/ Lieut colonel Rank, The Campagin in Burma, first published (London press, HisMajesty's office, 1946) p.17 Hereafter this work will be refered to as colonel Rank inBurma.


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10/ okawoe&Jabmf-&JabmfokH;usdyfESihf ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfppfaMumif;BuD;rsm; (&efukef?&JtkH;ausmfykHESdyfwkduf? 1975) pm-2 aemifukd;um;vQif okawoe&Jabmf ppfaMumif;BuD;rsm;[ktwkdTef;rnf/

11/ okawoe&Jabmf-ppfaMumif;BuD;rsm; pm-3? 4

12/ okawoe&Jabmf-ppfaMumif;BuD;rsm; pm-413/ okawoe&Jabmf-ppfaMumif;BuD;rsm; pm-414/ Chiang Mai15/ Lumphun16/ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfwnfaxmifykH17/ OD;oefY? jynfawmfomc&D; yxrwGJ yxrtBudrf(&efukef? pmayAdrmefykHESdyfwkduf? 1961) pm-41

aemifukd;um;vQif? oefY? jynfawmfom[k twkdTef;rnf/18/ Col. Suzuki19/ ocifvGif? *syefacwfArmjynf? yxrtBudrf? (&efukef? oD[ykHESdyfwkduf? 1969) pm-105 aemifukd;um;

vQif vGif? Armjynf[k twkdTef;rnf/20/ Col. Nakata21/ The Grouth of the Burma Army observed from the Japanese view point (wyfrawmf

armfuGef;wkduf-pp 94, 95 CD-20)Here after this work will be repered to as Burma Army22/ Lt. General Iida23/ Frank N. Trager. Burma: Japanese Military Administration (1941-45) (Philadelphia,

Philadelphia University of Pennsyvania press, 1971) P. 8 Hereafter this work will be

refered as Trager Japanese Military Administration

24/ Burma Army, p. 125

25/ Omkoi26/ Tha Song Yang27/ a'gufwmarmifarmif? jrefrmEdkifiHa&;c&D;ESihf AkdvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; (&efukef? yk*Hpmtkyfwkduf? 1969)

pm-28 aemifukd;um;vQif armifarmif? (EkdifiHa&;ESihf AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;[k twkdTef;rnf/28/ Akdvfwm&m? &JabmfokH;usdyfjynfawmfjyef? wwd,tBudrf (&efukefa'gif;ykHESdyfwkduf? 1973)pm-210

aemifukd;um;vQif wm&m? jynfawmfjyef[k twkdTef;rnf/29/ vGif? Armjynf pm-107? 10830/ armifarmif? EkdifiHa&;ESihf AkdvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; pm-17631/ Capt. Kawashima

32/ Lt. General. Oki33/ Kanchanaburi34/ okawoe&Jabmf? ppfaMumif;BuD;rsm; pm-101? 10235/ Dr Bisheshwar Prasad, Retreat from Burma 1941-42 (India Parkistan, Historical

Section, 1958) P. 88, Hereafter this work will be refered to as Prasad-Retreat

36/ (u) Ibid P. 114-115(c) pdef? twGif;a&; pm-16

37/ AkdvfAv? vGwfvyfa&;c&D;waxmuf? yxrtBudrf (&efukef? pmayAdrmefykHESdyfwkduf? 1974) pm-351? 352

38/ Prasad, Retreat P. 19339/ Burma Army, P. 145


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40/ jra'gif;kd? &JabmfokH;usdyftwKywd (&efukef? pmayAdrmefykHESdyfwkduf? 1991)pm-28 aemifukd;um;vQifjra'gif;kd &JabmfokH;usdyf[k twkdTef;rnf

41/ jra'gif;kd? &JabmfokH;usdyf pm-4842/ okawoe&Jabmf? ppfaMumif;BuD;rsm; pm-150

43/ Hirayama44/ Burma Army pp. 107-10845/ Pak Chan46/ Karathuri47/ Akdvfrif;acgif? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh &JabmfokH;usdyf? (&efukef? a&Twlpmay? 1968) pm 211

aemifudk;um;vQif rif;acgif? AkdvfcsKyfESihf &JabmfokH;usdyf[k twkdTef;rnf48/ rif;acgif? AkdvfcsKyfESihf &JabmfokH;usdyf? pm-21549/ Prasad, Retreat, P. 23550/ Ibid, P. 247

51/ Ibid, P. 25052/ ol&d, owif;pm (rEav;)? 10-3-194253/ tkdEkdwkd;k? *syefacwfjrefrmEdkifiH? pm-35254/ Col. Nasu55/ Col. Nakata56/ Col. Terakura57/ Burma Army, P. 17158/ Field Marshal Terauchi59/ Burma Army, P. 171

60/ jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm-26? 3? 194261/ Dhamika U Ba Than, The Roots of the Revolution (Rangoon, Government Printing

Press, 1962) P. 16. Hereafter this work will be refered to as Ba Than, The Roots

62/ Mg Mg, Aung San of Burma (The Hague, Martinus Nijhaf, 1962) P, 50 Here after thiswork will be refeared to as Mg Mg Aung San

63/ Burma Army, P-19264/ jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm 31-3-194265/ Burma Army, P. 19266/ Burma Army, P. 193

67/ Ibid, P. 19468/ odef;azjrihf? ppftwGif;c&D;onf (wwd,tBudrf? &efukef? yk*Hpmtkyfwkduf? 1966) pm-13? 14 aemif

ukd;um;vQif odef;azjrifh ppftwGif;[k twkdTef;rnf69/ odef;azjrifh? ppftwGif;? pm-1970/ odef;azjrifh? ppftwGif;? pm-2071/ wkdif;cspfowif;pm? (rEav;) 13?5? 4272/ Sir Dorman Smith73/ Simla74/ wkdif;cspfowif;pm? (rEav;) 15?5? 42

75/ vGif? Armjynf pm-113? 114


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