fabrication and development of chainless bi-cycle · chainless transmission to the bicycle to...
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FABRICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CHAINLESS BI-CYCLE Dr.Raghavendra Joshi1,Mayur.D.Pawar2, Shahid ali3, Mohammed bilal.k4, Rizwan5,V Muneer Ahmed6
Professor, mechanical engineering department, BITM, Ballari-583104, Karnataka
Assistant professor, mechanical engineering department,BITM, Ballari-583104, Karnataka
UG student, mechanical engineering department,BITM, Ballari-583104,Karnataka
UG student, mechanical engineering department,BITM, Ballari-583104,Karnataka
UG student, mechanical engineering department,BITM, Ballari-583104,Karnataka
UG student, mechanical engineering department,BITM, Ballari-583104,Karnataka
Abstract— This project is developed from the users to rotate the back wheel of bi-cycle using propeller shaft. Power
transmission through chain drive is the oldest and widest method in case of bi-cycle . In this paper we implemented the
chainless transmission to the bicycle to overcome the various disadvantages of chain drive. Shaft drive were introduced
over a century ago , but were mostly supplanted by chain driven bi-cycle . Usually in bicycle chain and sprocket is used
to drive the back wheel. The shaft drive only need periodic lubrication using grease gun to keep the gears running quite
and smooth. A shaft driven bi-cycle is a bi-cycle that uses a shaft drive instead of a join which consist two sprockets with
bearings at the both end of shaft connected to pedal crank and rear wheel gear to make a new kind of transmission
system for bi-cycle for getting high reliability system, and more safe system.
Keywords- Pinion gear, Sprocket, Bearings, Pinion gear wheel, Propeller shaft
I. INTRODUCTION
The first shaft drives for cycles appear to have been invented independently in 1890 in the United
States and England. Fearn head, of 354 Caledonian Road, North London developed one in 1890 and
received a patent in October 1891.His prototype shaft was enclosed within a tube running along the top of
the chain stay later models were enclosed within the actual chain stay. In the United States, Walter Still
man filed for a patent on a shaft-driven bicycle on Dec. 10, 1890 which was granted on July 21, 1891A
shaft-driven bicycle is a bicycle that uses a driven shaft instead of a chain to transmit power from pedal to
a rear wheel shaft drives were introduced over century ago. We achieved 99% efficiency, driven utilizes
25 ceramic speed hybrid bearings. Each bearing contains unique ceramic balls that are 58% lighter and 2.3
times harder than traditional steels.
JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations
Volume VI, Issue VI, JUNE/2019
ISSN NO: 1076-5131
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By increasing the speed of the bearing by 30-50%.each bearing works in harmony to deliver
greater power, playing. The major benefit of the shaft-driven is lower maintenance and running costs, and
cleanliness. Chain-driven bicycles need their chains adjusting regularly and they can be expensive to
replace when they wear out. they need lubricating often ,especially in bad weather, which can be messy
and inconveniently. Ball and roller bearings are used widely in instruments and machines in order to
minimize friction and power loss. While the concept of the ball bearing dates back at least to Leonardo
daVinci, their design and manufacture has become remarkably sophisticated.
This technology was brought to its present state of perfection only after a long period of research
and development. The benefits of such specialized research can be obtained when it is possible to use a
standardized bearing of the proper size and type.
However, such bearings cannot be used indiscriminately without a careful study of the loads and
operating conditions. In addition, the bearing must be provided with adequate mounting, lubrication.
Components and Description
The main components of the cycles are,
Ordinary Cycle
Bearing
Sprockets
Wheel Gears
Introduction of gear
A gear is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, which mesh with another toothed part to transmit
torque, in most cases with teeth on the one gear being of identical shape, and often also with that shape
on the other gear. Two or more gears working in a sequence (train) are called a gear train. Such gear
arrangements can produce a mechanical advantage through a gear ratio and thus may be considered a
simple machine. Geared devices can change the speed, torque, and direction of a power source. The
most common situation is for a gear to mesh with another gear however, a gear can also mesh with a
linear toothed part, called a rack, thereby producing translation instead of rotation.
JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations
Volume VI, Issue VI, JUNE/2019
ISSN NO: 1076-5131
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II.EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
THE COMPONENTS OF A SHAFT DRIVEN BICYCLE ARE:
SL.NO NAME OF THE PARTS MATERIALS
1 Cycle Mild Steel
2 Pinion gear Mild Steel
3 Sprocket Mild Steel
4 Shaft Mild Steel
5 Welding Material Mild Steel
III.MATERIAL USED
Fig 1 : mild steel material
Mild steel contains approximately 0.05-0.25% carbon making it malleable and ductile. Mild steel has
relatively low tensile strength, but it is cheap and easy to form surface hardness can be increased through
carburizing.We have used mild steel material to make a sprocket and gear due to it good strength, Ductility,
toughness, hardness and its economical.
JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations
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ISSN NO: 1076-5131
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3.1 Placing of pedal gear
Fig2: pedal crank
A bicycle pedal is the part of a bicycle that the rider pushes with their foot to propel the bicycle. It
provides the connection between the cyclist's foot or shoe and the crank allowing the leg to turn the
sprocket with bearings which is connected to shaft connected to rear sprocket attached to rear wheel gear
and propel the bicycle's wheels. Pedals usually consist of a spindle that threads into the end of the crank
and a body, on which the foot rests or is attached, that is free to rotate on bearings with respect to the
spindle. Part attached to crank that cyclist rotate to provide the bicycle power.
3.2 Bearings:
Fig 3: Ball Bearings (624ZZ)
Bearing is machine element that constrains relative motion to only desire motion and reduce
friction between moving Parts. The simplest form of bearing, the plain bearing consists of shaft rotating in
a hole. Lubrication is often used to reduce friction.
In this project we have used Ball bearings which are used to transmit the energy from pedal to rear
gearwheel and to reduce the energy losses and to increase the efficiency.
JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations
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ISSN NO: 1076-5131
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3.3 Bearings sprocket with pinion gear wheel:
Fig 4: Fabricated gear and sprockets
These are the sprockets consisting number of bearings on front and rear sprocket,
These sprockets are held on propeller shaft. The bearings are fixed with the Allen bolts of M5 dia
As shown in figure.
3.4 Propeller shaft:
Fig 5: Fabricated propeller shaft
Here the Propeller shaft is used to transmit power from front rear (Driver) wheel to back gear (driven). It
consist of two pinion gear sprocket. A driver pinion gear sprocket has 10 bearings and driven pinion gear
sprocket has 15 bearings.
JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations
Volume VI, Issue VI, JUNE/2019
ISSN NO: 1076-5131
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IV.DESIGN PARAMETER
Fig 6: Design of mechanism
Calculation :
Number of teeth =34(Z)
Design of gear
Front gear (Driver)
Outer diameter =199.1
Cutter used to make gear is by half ground grooves is ¾’’ inch sprocket cutter
Pitch of gear =18.4mm.
To find number of teeth on the gear to the pitch of 18.4mm
=199.1/18.4*π = 33.99 =34 teeth.
Pitch should be taken from 18 to 19mm, Because of ¾’’ inch cutter used (18.4mm) so that the
pitch have to assume 18.4mm.
Similarly
For 2nd back gear (Driven)
Outer diameter =117.12mm.
Pitch of the gear =18.4mm.
=117.12/18.4*π=19.99 =20 teeth
1st front pinion design
Outer diameter =58.56mm.
Pitch =18.4mm.
= 58.56/18.4*π=9.99 =10 bearings
2nd back pinion design
Outer diameter =87.84
Pitch =18.4mm.
=87.84/18.4*π =14.99 =15 bearings
Pinion set consists of 2 pinion , one driver and another is driven
1st pinion gear consists of 10 teeth
2nd pinion gear consists of 15 teeth
Ratio of the compound gears
Ratio of 1st pinion(driver) and gear(driven)
JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations
Volume VI, Issue VI, JUNE/2019
ISSN NO: 1076-5131
Page No:484
Number of teeth of 1st front gear =34
Number of teeth of 1st pinion =10
=3.4/10 =3.4
The ratio of 1st set (i,e gear and pinion)
= 3.4:1
Ratio of 2nd pinion(driver) and gear (driven)
Number of teeth of 2nd pinion = 15
Number of teeth of 2nd gear =20
=15/20 =0.75
The ratio of 2nd set
=0.75:1
Therefore the total ratio of the cycle
= 3.4*0.75 =2.55:1
Which means if we rotate the pedal for 1 round the back tyre (wheel) rotates to 2.55 rounds more
than 0.79 rotation
Example :- the ratio of regular Atlas cycle we got the ratio of 1.76:1
Where
Number of teeth of big sprocket (driver) =44
Number of teeth of small sprocket (driven) =25
=44/25 =1.76
Ratio is 1.76:1
Results :- Hence we increased the ratio from 1.76:1 to 2.55:1 by using this set of gears
V. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations
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ISSN NO: 1076-5131
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Fig 7: Fabricated and Developed Chainless Bicycle
RESULTS OF CHAINLESS BICYCLE
MAXIMUM SPEED OF CHAIN DRIVE BICYCLE : 750 RPM
AVERAGE SPEED OF CHAIN DRIVE BICYCLE : 590 RPM
DISTANCE MOVED IN ONE HOUR BICYCLE :12.5 KM/H
Sl. No Description Chain Driven
Bicycle
Shaft Driven
Bicycle
1 Maximum speed 750 rpm 1050 rpm
2 Average speed 590 rpm 700 rpm
3 Distance moved in
one hour
12.5 km/h 16.9 km/h
JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations
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ISSN NO: 1076-5131
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The shaft driven bicycle is high durability as compare to chain drive bicycle.
The power transmission efficiency of shaft driven bicycle is above 95% efficiency, and
chain drive bicycle is 75% - 90% efficiency
VI.CONCLUSION
Considerable efforts have been focused on the better understanding of various design development in
bicycle. Various forms of bicycle in the past history through which the existing form has evolved are
discussed. The different empirical methods of transmission of human power on the pedal to the rotation of
the wheels are discussed and the major advantages and disadvantages of these transmission are listen out.
Generally, new mechanisms should be developed such that the design should be eco-friendly and more
energy
The presented work was aimed to reduce the wastage of human power (energy) on bicycle riding
or any machine, which employs drive shafts. In general it is achieved by using light weight drive
shaft with bevel gears on both sides designed on replacing chain transmission.
Instead of chain drive one piece drive shaft for rear wheel drive bicycle have been optimally
designed and manufactured for easily power transmission.
The drive shaft with the objective of minimization of weight of shaft which was subjected to the
constraints such as torque transmission , torsion buckling capacity, stress, strain , etc.
The results obtained from this work is an useful approximation to help in the earlier stages of the
development, saving development time and helping in the decision making process to optimize a
design.
REFERENCES
1. Bell J.H., 1994, Chainless bicycle with dual drive shafts and floating drive train suspension system,
US Patent No. 5316327.
2. Smith S.O. and Fleet W.J.T., 2006, Shaft driven bicycle and transmission therefore, US Patent No.
US 6986520 B2.
3. Hahn T.L., 2004, Simple bicycle drive shaft transmission, US Patent No. US 2004/0083839 A1.
4. Rastogi, N. (2004). Design of composite drive shafts for automotive applications. Visteon
Corporation, SAE technical paper series. 73332270 Design and Analysis of a shaft driven bicycle.
JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations
Volume VI, Issue VI, JUNE/2019
ISSN NO: 1076-5131
Page No:487
5. Glenn F. Read “Power Drive” United States Patent Patent Number: 4,397,369 Date of Patent:
Aug. 9, 1983.
6. A.M.Ummuhaani and Dr.P.Sadagopan “Design, Fabrication and Stress Analysis of a Composite
Propeller Shaft, 2011-28-0013.
7. Anup A. Bijagare, P.G. Mehar and V.N. Mujbaile “Design Optimization & Analysis of Drive
Shaft”, Vol. 2 (6), 2012, 210-215.
8. R. P. Kumar Rompicharla1, Dr. K. Rambabu2 Sep-Oct. 2012 Design and Optimization of Drive
Shaft with Composite Materials International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
9. Patrick E. Turner; Lawrence K. O'Dell. “Bicycle With Seleciably Engageable Single Or Dual
Wheel Drive”. United States Patent. Turner et 81. Patent Number: 5,332,244 Date of Patent: Ju1.
26, 1994
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