fabric finishes chapter 13 clothing & textiles. finishing processes finishes any special...
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FABRIC FINISHESChapter 13
Clothing & Textiles
FINISHING PROCESSES
Finishes any special treatments applied to improve a fabric’s appearance, texture, or performance
COLOR AND DESIGN FINISHES
Gray goods when fabric first comes from the loom (no color)
DYEING TEXTILES
Dyes compounds that penetrate and color fibers
Natural dyes Used for centuries Obtained from plants, insects, shellfish, and minerals
First synthetic dye was discovered by accident in 1856
FIVE DIFFERENT METHODS USED FOR DYEING
Stock dyeing natural fibers are dyed before they are spun into yarns
Solution dyeing used when manufactured fibers are produced, dye is added to the liquid solution that goes through the spinneret
Yarn dyeing yarns are dyed before weaving or knitting
Piece dyeing fabric is dyed after weaving or knitting
Garment dyeing the fabric is cut and sewn into the finished product and then the entire garment is dyed
COLORFASTNESS
Fabric that doesn’t fade, whether its been washed or exposed to chlorine or sunlight
PRINTING TEXTILES
Color is transferred to the surface of a fabric to form a pattern
Four most common printing methods Screen Rotary screen Roller Heat transfer
Other methods that you can try yourself are… Tie-dyeing Painting
PRINTING TEXTILES
Screen printing
See how Screen Printing is done at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbzKLUl48Yk
PRINTING TEXTILES
Roller printing
See how it’s done at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8W2g-YvjPw
PRINTING TEXTILES
Rotary screen printing
See how it’s done at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R04Dbm3ZRAE
PRINTING TEXTILES
Heat-transfer printing
See how its done at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4byFS15S8s
TEXTURE FINISHES
Calendaring fabric passes between two heated rollers that smooth the fabric and improve the luster
TEXTURE FINISHES
Glazing resin applied during calendaring to produce a high polish or glaze on the surface
Embossing fabric is given a raised design on the surface Embossing fabric example below…
TEXTURE FINISHES
Cire (suh-RAY) a super-glossy finish is obtained by applying wax or some other substance before calendaring
TEXTURE FINISHES
Moiré (Mwah-RAY) a watered or wavy pattern is obtained by calendaring two layers of fabric slightly off grain
TEXTURE FINISHES
Napping rotating wire brushes raise the short fiber ends of staple yarns to create a soft and fuzzy surface called the nap
TEXTILE FINISHES
Stone washing and acid washing pumice stones are added to a mass-production laundering process
TEXTILE FINISHES
Mercerization gives cotton added luster, strength, and drape ability. It also improves fabrics affinity for dye. Fabrics and yarns are treated with a caustic soda or lye solution
TEXTILE FINISHES
Sizing starches or resins are added to the fabric for extra body, usually only a temporary finish
PERFORMANCE FINISHES
Antibacterial or antiseptic checks the growth of bacteria and fungi, such as mold and mildew
Antistatic by absorbing small amounts of moisture from the air, this finish reduces the fabric dryness that causes static electricity
Crease-resistant Applied to fabrics that wrinkle easily (cotton, rayon, linen)
Durable press garments maintain a pressed appearance despite repeated washings and wearings
Flame-resistant and flame-retardant reduce flaming or burning of fabrics exposed to a flame or high heat
PERFORMANCE FINISHES
Mothproof repels moths and other fiber eating insects
Shrinkage control MINIMIZES shrinking
Soil release dirt and stains release more easily from the fabric
Water- and stain-repellent yarns are coated with a chemical that repels water and other liquids
Waterproof fabrics have been coated or treated so that no water penetrates