1 Let's talk1A Make a good impression

Preview 1 Past Simple and Present Perfect

Vocabulary communicating

on rhe whole, $'omen gossip more rhan nen.In general. nen butt in rnore than women. $.hich$,onen lind very annoying11) ou overhear people haying a row in pultic,you should lnlervene.Politicians generally witter on wirhout everanswering the in(erviewer's questions.

d Elderl,v people have reason 1() grumblc aboul lheyouth of roda).

h) Adulrs spend nore rime chardng on rhe phone

i) Couples who conskntly bicker should split up.t Wbnien cLal up men as olren as men chal up

b) Tick the sentences you agree with. Then changethe other sentences to make them true for you.pehaps it s not essential to nake eye contact, but itnightseen rude ifyou don't.

c) work in pairs. Compare ideas. Do you agree?

a) Use these prompts to make questions with J,,ot. Usethe Past Simple or Present Perfect.

r / learn / English for a long LimelHaveyau been leaning English fot a long tine?

2 How oicl / be / {hen / have / first English tessoD?3 / see / any films in English recentlyla when / be / the last time / speak / Engljsh otttside class?s / have to / wnte an]'thing in English l:st month?6 / ever / read / a rovel that was written jn [nglish?7 How long / come / this school?

( nae vor oeen t "a - rg.nc.rso d lo g im" ' )" iinii,r.i'"Jiii "r.""L".'"rtil];il]l,!:yr't.:9 1 !,:9i9:111!t l!t-:::",,-,.1

b) work in ta 'r . { lL and dnswcr rhc qLrc*l ionr.Ask follow up questions. Check in Language Summary I,;;'iir;, p1ts.

VocabuLary communicatingGrammar time expressions with Past Simpte

{ and Present Perfect\-__--*

a) Tick the words/Dhrases in bold vou kno*.check new wor<ls/phrases in {l1ii.*l prrz.a) lt's essenlial to mak€ €ye contact when you re

speakrng to someone.b) On average, I comc iDto contact with abour

t'renty people a dat

! )

1A

Listening and Grammara) Think of someone (not nr your class) wlm is popular. $lite livepersonal qualitjes that 'nake hilnlrcr popdar.

b) work in pairs. Tell your partner about the peEon you chose.Are any of the personal qualities the samel

c) /\gree on rhe rhree mosr important qualities. l-ell the class.

ser Preview. p6.a) Look at drese sentences. Are theytalkilg aboul a definite time in thepast or time up to and includingno$l which v€rb form is usedl1 I ve boughr quire a le$ seltlelp

books oter the past 1e\! montlls.2 l !e read abour t50 pagcs so tar.3 During the lasl couplc of wceks I've

actuall) been tq,ing oLrt somc o[C.rrnegie's suggesLiorls.

4 Uf unril no$l, I'vc ncver really hadan) contacL with the guy in thetickeL office

b) Underline the finlr c)eressior ineach sentence in 5a).c) Sometimes Fe caD usc the PresentPerfect or the Pd-st Snnplc with th€snme time expressi0n. Comparethese pairs ofsentences. $'h)' didSpeaker A usc the Past Snnple? Whydid Spcaker B use the }\esent

1 a I told at leas( ien pcople.rboLrr ilat \i.ork ihis veek the 5peakerca nside rs th e wo rki ng week

B he told ar least len people aboulir at work ihis n'eek. ilre .'pea*erca nsid ers th e wa rk i ng week

A I read ]t durjng rhe sunrmerhol idays.

s l'vc read a lot ofbooks durilg

A 5j!!!! ,\nn suggested rhis one,I ve read a couple oI his other

B I ve read lors ofhis boolc sla!!l've becn une ploye.l.

A As soon .rs t linished reading Lt,I gave ir Io my bro(her.

B As soon as I'vc finishcd rcadLngit, ]\n going lo gile lt 1o n\'

'Help with Grammar

@ a ) r . , ' o h a r . r h e b o o k c o r L r r n d r r a d r h . " ' r ' , u , r r { t . \ \ 4 r d r J i J r h ,- durhdr arJ his Dubl i lhcr! rni l ia l l \ rhinL r l ' ( 'u l r l r r b( ' , ' l ' l

b):.,:il! i,Listen to '\"", Sy, Dean and Amy at their book clubmeeting. which of Car'regieb suggestions do they ntntion?

c) Listen again. Ansser these questions.

r a) Why did ,\nn suggest thc book to Lhe group?b) Why wasnl she very impressed with iL al liist?

2 a) Does Sy usuali,v read books Lik€ thislb) \4ricl of Carnegiels poiDts does h. strongly agree wrlhl

3 a) Did Dean expect to erlov the booh?b) \\'ly does he talk about his triend, John?

a a) \\'hich of Carnegiet suggestidls .iid Am_v try out?b) Ho$, did rhe nran in tlie ticket officc r.actl

d) work tu pairs. which of Carnegie's suggestions do you think isthe most imponant and whyl

d) Check in t l l 8 .

Hotu to Win Ffien& an lInf enecPeal2, ffrst publishcd in 1937, hasbecome an all-timc intemationalbest-seller The frst print run waslimited to 5,000 copics, which w.ls anindication ofhow small a rcadershipthe author and the publishcrs wereerpectirg. However, tiom thc verybeginning the book's runnway successmeant the publishers had difficultykeeping up with dcmand.

1A

@ a) rr. r 'orrr tcrb r, ' ,nrs po\t iblt '1 wh\ r/r h\ norrr I 5pokel've spole, to him lhjs noming.2 I5al'veree, her during the last [e$'inonths.3 l ll caLi you as sooD as sh? arived/ s affived.a She .amel s been here a lot last months During lasL night! pertonnance. severalpeopLe

walke,l / h ave wa Lked a lLe There hare lxen a loL ol changcs since I wofftedl've worled

7 Once I mel've mef her. I reall] Likcd her.s I ve been skiing ts'ice since I Jal'ves€e, you last.

b) Work in pails. Compare answels.

Readingdt a) \ ork in prr l r . t , i \c (umplet ol $har tou torr* id, l- to bc eood and bad.cNicc in \hop. r( t raurdnr\ ' cr(

b) Read dre article. wlry do very fnendly, chany shopassistants nnd waitresses annoy the sriter?

c) Read the anicle again. Tick the true sentences. Corect

1 The writer was in a hurfy $hen sli€ $enl inlo the shop /2 She Nondered \aht the shop assjstant! behaviour hacl upset h€r3 She cnjoyed lhe foocl she had at rhc rcstauranta She told the waitress whal she thoughL of lhe lood.s No psvchological sludies have the same vie$'.s hers6 She lvoul.lDl object to assislants nho serc nalurally

{riencll}.

a) Look at the lfods/phrases nr bold in ihe articiewhat words are missing from each phrase?

b) w]1at trues of word can we miss out in inlornal'Titten and spoken English?

' ' : : l : : : ".

, : : : i : ' : i i ] :

@ $ork in goup. ard di .(arr rhe\c quc*r iun'\{ould you have responded to the shop assistanl and thexaitress nr the sane $.a,v as the \ariier of the a(iclel lf so.shy? Il nor, rfial would you have s.rid?How \ould you describe thc sefvice in sliops and calasin ).oLrr country? Has il cliaDged over the tearsl

TEN DAYS AGo, on the way to a meeting remembered thatwas running low on face crcam. There was a chemist's acfossthe road so I ran in and grabbed ihe first cream saw

.Havinq a good day? asked lhe girlat the ilL, srni fgblissfuly."Um, yes thanK, ' l repled.

'Thal's great." She ran the scanner oler thejar ard madeeye contact.'Been shoppinq all morning?'

Not having the lime lo take lrerthrough my dary,lsimplywent "[4mm.

"Yeah? Lucky you " She tod me the totaland said, So, gotanything planfled for this afternoon?

'0h, yo! know' said, a$/are of tirne tick ng by.'Th s andthat."

As I hunied on my way lfound myseli th nkrg about the g Iand the amount of niceness lhad jusl experenced. Why d d tmake me feelso bad? Was it impolite not to chat back? 0rwasth s son of pushy lrendlress in its way every bt as rude? lwasrem nded oflhs altef the meetng, when met a fewish friendfor !nch. I had the f shcakes Theywere perfectly dsglstng.

'Everything allright with your meal?" asked the waitress,nterrrpt rg our conversation.

Fine, lsaid. What ese coud lhave sad even f d wantedt0? t m ght have made my new irend uncomfortab e

0n the way home that afternoon lihought about mannerc.As a soc e! we do not lake manneE bywhLch Lmean now weo " b / e t o w d o , , . a ' 9 " , . o / . o t o r , 1 . l [ ] o J o o o i o ' 0 dbank or shop the personlust ahead ol yo! js sure to etthe doorsswing back in your face l\rlddle-aged nef dve ntodsabedspaces, teenagers slump ln the r seats on lhe bus pretendng notto notce the pregnant woman stand ng in front of them And yet

it's obvlous on lhe H gh streetthat Fake N ce, as practsed bymy casher and the wa tress, ison the increase too. li hasbecome a highly overusedmafketng weapon afd yoL can twander nto any shop witholtsome perKy person rusn ng upand say ng, 'H Need anyhelp?' YoL srnie back throughgrilied teeth, "Just lookiflg,thanks.'

Appareatly somepsycho ogical studies haveshown that f the assistaft ifeaisyou as a Jrend therc's apsycho og ca effect - lheclstomerw| retum Orwithey? Other studies suggest thatthis sales technique is aturn offPehaps the soluton s toappojnt people who aregenu fe! intefested in peop enot those who are tnined 10 be

Adaoled from the ,rdeperdrrt29tA4tAA

@ a) Write thre€ topics you woutd lil€ to talk about, e g

b) work in pait. S*ap papers. Choose one of yourpanners topics and \wite six questions to ask himAer.How many filns have you seen du ng the Last slx nonths?

f l t \ \or l in I , : ' i ' . . Tak( rur n\ ro a\r lnLr an\wcr !oul- t a f l n ( r ! q u e . r i o r . f t l l r h c c l a . . o n t t h i n g v o u \ c l , a r n rabout youf panner.

@

Friends - the new family?QUICK REVIEW ...Write true and false sentences about yoursetf using thesetime expressions: so /ar; this week, during the last few dayslup until now, as soon a, in the past few months.wotk inpairs.Take turns to tell each other your sentences.cuess which of youa partner's sentences are true.

Listening and Grammar@

r l rc . t rhe meaning o l rhc phra.er r r hold. lhen $urL inp.r\ arra (Dscuss rncsc qucsnons.

r As a rul€, do you rend Io unburden youis€lf to fri€Ddsor to rnembers o l lour laNi ly l

2 ! \ - n J l " r r . b r - - n c n o f n o r r . - ! h o r d r e . - r r uunload fieir Norries on to orher peoflel

3 Broadl!,spsaLi4. do aduhs in )'our couniry lrottle rprhcir feeliDgs or let lhen oull

4 Do )'ou think. in the main, rhat ieenagers would mthercon{id€ in thcir prrenrs or rheir friends?

; : . Notice tlle underlined expressions. which are uscdro nrake generalis.tions.

a) $brk i]l pairs. \\'}o would yor expect men. womena teenag€rs like the ones in the photos to confide in:a) their friends? b) both lriends and lamily? c) somebody

b) Listen and check.c) Listen again. Tich the rrue sentences. Correct the false

r Da\e and his liiends tend to talk aboul od) serious rssues2 DNle thinlts nrcn Duke fricD.ls ruth people wlo enjo-r rhe

3 HcLen sees her lriends evcry dava Helen's {rjencls are ver-r patient $ath her.s Andrca Lrlrsls her hlir.lrcsser to be discfeet.6 Andrca enjoys lisrennrg to hcr haidrcsseri probtems.7 Most ol Alci-s conversarions are about evcrycla)'events.3 Alcx conlides in people of his oNn agc

d) work in pairs. $trich things that th€ speakcrs talkedabout do yrcu idcnti\ withl Do you think people conl'idein each other about different things at different agcs?

Help with Grammar

Clcft senteDces .lividc a message irto tlvo parts. usingwlat or it clauses. They caD locus atteniion or ne\nore important or coDtradictory infonmtioD.(tcan get a bitnrcssed byv/ark.)what tdo if tgetstressed is talk ta ny friends- (Dcw iDfomiatioD)(tget on well with my parents.)Hawever, it's myftiendsthat ttalkta if thave a prcbLen.

Vocabulary prepositions and phras€sGrammar cleft sentences: wrat and it clausesReview time expressions with Past Sirnple

'tb tocus on , $41ole serLence \re can useilnd ldPfers ... .

(t4en dan't unLoad on to other people.)

\\tcn we use 1']r.r, hl,, hos., hcn.1ihcl",etc. instead ofwlmr, we usualh use an e\pressio|such as d p.,-sor1, lh€ rudsor. etc., with or without the

Aperson (who) Itend ta canfide in isnyhairdresseL

/I CLAUSES

b) Look ar these cleft sentences with tt. Ansuer

a) tt'd probably be n) parenb who ltl talk to firsL.b) lt wasD't until he brohe up wLth his grrllricnd

that ny hairdresser starLed lo conlidc in r..

r Du. . l r . .p . l . . r n p i r "L, . , lo r . I Inth€ il clausc or in Lhe nho/lhdr clausel

2 \Vhar lerb tollows it?

@ mi,rr crausrsa) Look at this elample .rnd answer the

(We'lLhave a d nk and talk aftetwards. ) what we tatkabaut isn t deep and neaningfu!, though.1 Underline the clause that giles nelv inlonnation

in tlie cleft sentence.2 \\ihicli verb loins the tvo cLauses?

r .J L , - - , " - - Jn a .L rJ ! $ r . n . , : rJu t . L .

c) Check in t l l o .

1 B

@ a) t omplcre .cnrence b,.o i r ha\ rhc \ . r 'nc

a) Lucy\ coming ro help me out.b) Th€ reason Lu.y:s cemiDg i5 to help me 9at .al A[t€r leaving ny ]asljob, I began to sork

b ) l r . . .3 a) You should wrire a letter and reluse to par:

a aJ Jol rot the problem. Ir's Tim.b) l t ! . . .

s a) I {anted to speak ro Ben.b) lh€ person . . .

5 a) This is what happened. I forgot the nap.

b) ffiffi I-isten and check.c) Listen again and practise.The rebson Licy s ciningis b heh ne .ht.

@ a) Conplete the following sentences about yourself.1 what I find feally boring ... .2 1r: . . . rhar reaily irrirares me.3 ] t wasnt unt i l . . . .4 The year that ... .5 What anuses me ... .6 A place I really love ... .

b) work in groups. Say your sentences. Ask lbllow

Reading and Vocabulary@ a) $orl , in pair . . Makc a l i ' r o l- thr di l fcrenr nlcr- ol t r iends you could mect at drf lcr tnL <tagrr ofy, 'ur

life. e.g. school friends. Wlll they always be

b) what do you think'fnendship overload' neans?In what ways might it be a problem?

c) Read the article. Does the writer agree with yourideas in 6b)?d) Read the article agatu. Answer these questions.1 Wht are families often Do longer xvailable to do

lhe things thet used to?z I n $ h J r $ d ) - d n t , . . t ' l c l r ! ' i r g l u , r l l \ . . i r . .

lamilylr c , . o r o i n S r o r h c \ 1 , { h . r . r . * ' u a ' l J \ l u r i

lriends?a why do people these days seem to have so many

more friends than before?s \\&.al does rhe l\1iter say about some of the people

6 \\rhy does lhe writer suggest a real triend is oDeyou hardly ever see?

e) Work in pahs. Which of the opinions in thearticle do you agree or disagree with? Give reasons.

merning as senten(c a).

OId college friends, Internet chat room mates,work colleagues, neighbours ... we collectftiends as if they're going out of fashion, saysMory KIIIen| F p d . o p 5 . . n : n . w . . " r o . l o L e " n . m o r e o e L c r eI p ob . t d l u .od o b . do rp b r o r . r , 1e t ba .on a regulaT basis, such as confdant, babys tter and someone towatch the TV vr' th, have gone fof good llore often than not, wenow ve too far away for this to be pfactical, whlch means thatouffrlends - the peoplewe actua lycome across most rcgulary- have to he p !s olt Naiura y, they have to be on the samewavelength as well, but liv ng nearby, hav n€ kids at the sarneschoo and so on means that we tend to have a lotin common. Tl'rls ls why they often end up as substtule fam y,ejther by chance or on purposeL

Butwhat about the frends we arc not so close to? There wasa time when people tended to have a smal €roup of 'best'frends and tl'ren a second d vision ol toventy or more ffiends !4/eacquircd aong the way They couid be peope $/e wereon good terms w th at work, and since a B.itsh 25 year old has,on average, experienced three dfferentjobs, that soon adds lplOr perhaps we made friends wth them at school or universivand kepl in lolch Maybe they are nelghbours, peope weknow through hobbies, nightc lbs or ho days, or even trendsof friends

At times lt feels as lf the nlmberc in the second d vision aleSetung olt of contro aswe tfave morc and rnove lobs oa housesncrcaslng y frequenty - either by cho ce or out of necessity ltsounds lngrateflr, but many of us have colected too manyfriends and w th on y so many hours n the day it's rnpossib e tokeep in contacr with al of them So, let's be honest herePerhaps one in five of our irendships s purey ema , or textbased YoLr like each othel but realist ca ly the fr endsh]p is notgoing to ast in the long run Another fifth s the peope you onlyphone but barey ever meet Next arc the frends you do seesometrnes, just out of habit F naly, the ast t\ /o fifths are spltbetu/een the peope you see a lot in phases and those you seeregllarly wh ch nc ldesomeyoLrlike a lot essthan some olthepeop e you on y speak to on the phone, but who happen to vevefy close Add to this lot your partner\ fflends, yolr !'/ofkcolea8ues and lhe parents of yol.rf chlldrcns fr ends, and yoltesoon feellng out of your depth. t's a huge commitment, theknd that can keep yo! awake at nght.

The Amercans cal t 'obllgation ovedoadl lts the very21'{ent!ry condtion of co ecting fiends as if our ife dependedon lt and lhen worrying how on earth to keep track of them allflaving so manyfrlends is makng us m serab e and funn ly enoughit3 your rcal best friends that won't pLrt paessure on you to seethem because they know that le s stessfu enough already!

ln fact, t could be argued that peahaps the defniton of arcaly cose frend s one you hardly ever see!

Adipted from ihe E{p/e$ t7109/99

1 B

A t a ) r o , n n l ( r , r h . , , , , r , , r , \ $ i r h o n c u , r s , 'prcPosrnons.1 Who is the l i iend .you halc Inosr

2 D . . ^ ' , 1 , . u , , I ' u r l , r ) ) . , 1o l . l school or co l legc l r ieods?

3 \\ihar kincl ol things do I.,u dohahit, bnr i\,hich you sould likc Lo stopdoinglDo you rve. do rhings phascs rndrh.n s iot ! l logel le- l$rhal sfo(s do )ou do a rcgular

lrhal clothes di.] you usc Lo wcar but ivhichlasf ionl

l. \hat sulrjecl htryr )ou ahrays fclt)our dcf r l lila\t )ou c\ef bfol(cLr somcLlling

b) \\i)rk in pairs. Ihke turns to ask andanslvcr the qucstions in 8a). Ask follow-up

Tick the scntcnces you agrce $ith. Changethc othcr scntcnces to makr: them true foryou- Thcn complctc sentences 7 and 8*ith your ost idcas.

1 What_rou ' re looking for in a l r icnd issomeone ivho is ycry diflerenL lo von.

2 You need ro havc in tcres ls in co.rmon i la l r i .ndship is io lasr

3 Irriends lrc pcotlc {ho will always stickup lor )ou, $nrarcler hlppens

a lbu canr rca l lv he jus l l r icnds wi thsornconc of rhc otposite sex.

s A real fri.nd is somco.c $4ro \ill tcll )outhc r rurh c lcn i { i l -s so e lh j rg you dont

6 Wonren lbnn closer IrjerdshLps r}[n mer.7 1 1

' , i '

I

?>.

I4Nkc a nolc ol sordyplrases rogci}er$ilh i|eirfrcposiii rsan.l tr) to L.Nrtr rhcm tdcliunls ol rneantrrg.

E " j t a ) | o o k J r r l ' , p h r r . - r n r h , r , ' r , l m a r ' . I l r r r 1 , . ' k : r r r h ,- t l , m { . I n t ' o l d r n r h , r r r r , l r . r h . k r h , i , m , J , , , , , F i ncontext then match thfln to delinitions I 6.

thc samc rvavcleni:Llrpru ln)sc

nhascsrn. rong run

vour. rcpul

i rn tLnLnrrr l \ t ro l b) acc idcnrz somctLi l lg . -ou do o l ien, q i r |onr lh ink ing abour i i: a l tcr a rery lc fgt t r ) per iod o l r inre4 s iLh s i rn iLaf ! icss/oPinLoirss for shorL. irrgular pctorls6 iv i thout rhc kno\ ledgf or sk i l ls lo deal wi lh soinel ] r ing

b) l{ilch these vords/phrases to thc prepositiurs nr thclvord map. I here is someftncs morc than onc possible

! o l , o l % . f i o I n q e . ) B o o d l q na regllar basis touch average common contact

c) $brh iD pairs. Look at the phrases fron! 7b) in blue inrhc afliclc. \vhat docs cnch phnsr neanl

Help with Vocabulary

@ u1 * , " r . i " , - , . { , r . . D , \ , , . . $1 , . r \uL , l , r \ (written and give reasons.

b) Tell thc class three Lhings that youagreed on.

sy ;;,r &",';" "i ""a,h"i"!hat w€ tend to be tool n8 for

i is someone who rs loyatand . . ,: / . . . ' ' ' ' * . . ' .* . . . .

d) Check n1 p l 1 7

1 C Favourite sayings VocabuLary sayingsj iaiomsReaL worLd erplaining andparaphr.singReview preposiuons and phrases

QUICK REVIIW .. .Write five sentences using phrases with ir, on andoutotWork in pairs. Say one of your sentences butdon't say the preposition(s). Your partner says thesentence with the correct preposition(s): A / m...good terns... nyinlaws. B I m on good termswith

a ) \ 4 a r ( h t h c I i r . r h J l f o f . a ) i n g . l - d r o r h . r lendings a)-h).

c) ic,thurg g,tt1ed.i) loudrr than \or.ls

t) ctrLL ot a nolchill

G)

W*[\Noo k (

hro"F

lf yau fly with the crcws,yau get shat with the crcws.

1 RoDrc wasnt - ---\ a) belore mourh.2 Dorlt makc a \ b) builL rn a da)l

6 lnglge brain7 Noihitig !cnture.l,

b) \\brk in pairs. Compare an$v€rs. what do) o u r h i n k r h . . a ) i n g . r r ( d n l ( h c c l . i np 1 1 7 .

c) Choose a saling from your country ltowuould you e).plain what it means to a British

a) l-isten io l'ive peoplc talknrg aboutsa)ings that the,v likc. Put the saynrgs inpicturcs 1 ll in the order thcy talk nbout them.

b) \\brk in pairs. Try to Dratch the satings to

r lbu shouldni wona abont rhings that might ornrighr not happen in rhe tutur..

2 l t \ imporrant ro .hoose rh. r ighr person for rhcrighl aclivii-x

3 t t ! po in l lcss donrg sornclh ing voursc l f i fvoukno\ somcone !v |o can c lo i I lor vou

a I l lou . r i ! wi lh ! bad cro$d, Ion l l be j l rdgedllrc srnif \'al !s rhe cro\rd.

s i f ) . , donr o l l people enoLrgl mone.- ro do a. iob. )ou \or l ger rhe besr pcrson.

c) Listen again. Chcck y

d) $i)rk in pairs. $1 ch ()1 the sa) irgs in 1a)aDd 2a) do yotr like the best and whyl Tell tlre

r - . \a"a Le* cross that b dge

when we cone to it.

1C Real Worlcl

@ a) ri in lne gaps with h.lt or whi.ft.sinpl),4tlsL?basicall)' means .

ADcl illthis/thal ne:ns is ...I nican by thal is ...

Bv I mean. . .I 'm t r ) ing to say is . . .

b) Fill in dre gaps with these words.

that sirnply other way

1 To pur it2 is ro sa): ..3 Or to lur it aDothcr4 In ivor . ls , . . .

c) Look at R1.4, p148. List€n agair andDotice how the speakers explah andparaphrase their ideas.d) check in t ili!f,:j pl1e.

.. \!'hen \\.e neecl to clariq: simplit) or cxplainsomedring se have aLreadt sai.l. ve oft€nuse phuses vhich si$ial tl) thc listener tliaLwe are gonrg to sa,v the samc thing agaiD in

123

56

a) Fill in the gaps with one ivord.Then natch r-6 with endings a)-0.

r Wiet l'rn tryiDg to sav is rvc should2 S|cs qujre a closed person. What I mean

rhlt is you can never t€ll3 There are roadvorks on the nororr!a),.

basjcall)'neansa This is a diffi.ult situatur. by

s W'e Lrrgenllv need to reducc our costs.ln orher

6 lL's a hard-clrivc back up s,vstern, or top t i r . . .

a) $,har she s rhurking.b) you h.rvc to allow an extra hour for

d it ensures ihar )ou son't lose rlut! on

d) cross that brjdge Nhen {e coDe to it.e) to think about ir rnore careliLl)lf) we have ro nrake some people reclun.lant.

b) work nr pairs. Take tlrns to say ac o r n p l c t e . t n r r ' n r . l r o m 4 a l . D o \ o r h a \ c r h ,

@ a \uu are aoi A ru nla\ a.ramc crl lrJ 8l, l / . l i .r€, , ro- r $ o r c a m r p l a \ i r F r h c g a m e a I d a r r . u t r I h ( , j I c * r i o r F .

1 What is the gane about?2 What does cach persoD on the fiist teanr have io dol3 what does the second tean have to do?

b) Work in paiE. Which do you think is the tme delinitionof the Australian expression 'She'll be apples'?

c) :: lr:li Listen and check.

$brk in two groups. Group A, try to guess the meannE ofidioms I 3. Group B, try to guess the meaning of idions a){).

1 rave about sornetbingGroup Ba) be up Io. soncthiDgb) tllk shopc) call it a day

@ C-"p e ' p108. Group B : p]l] Follos the instructions.

- t - , , , , . 4 l ,l8 , a) Renlace. f ie .$ordr in bold wirh 6, r i l l in r l , ( eap\ .wi rhrhr ' ( , 'nr ( r @) t h , 'urc rhc roncrr prcpo. i r ion. .

rhe\c $ordvpnm\e\ . u \c rnecorecr form ofthe verb. ;::;.,:,j! Use the Past simple or dr€ r NIy sister ancl I dont hale nuch

PreseDt Perfect. There is-bave-a-row bicker overhear sometimes more than one z t.rn o,/out o/very good rennscome into contact with chai possible answer' wirh all my neighbours.buu in The flar above miner.t"5bee4 3 My brorhers dog is complerel)

(be) empiy eler stuce I on/autaf caitrolr Do ),ou often hear peopie ar€drs 1 (nove) in six a She lives in thar area our o//,

in publicl havt galow months ago. But a lew peopLe necessit)', not because she2 Do you lhink it'.s rude t. 1 (see) ir recentll likes ir.

interrupt when soneone! And lhree more peoPle s Are you slill orl1, touch wilhLalkins? 1 (already come) to your ex-girllrjend?

3 Do you ever talk in a ftiendly see it this morning. I 6 lt ma\. seem hard no$! butand informal rvay ro stranger I (bump into) one of our o/i, the long run you llwhen youre on public tunspo ? them as I xas Sojng out. Sh€ see the benefits

4 D u \ o t ( r o $ d _ ' , o , , t l , ' \ o " / \ o r k i n D u b " i.on, ,nu. , l l t arsuc abotr r . ' ; i ; ; i , ' i " " vr r ' ipp,r . r r ' @ t omphrc rhc 'e 'd \ in8< wiLh oncunimpor lanl lh ings: t rn unl r l o$ 'hc

s Do )'ou mcet and commnnicate (a1va)'s preter) s'orking abroad l Rome $asrl builr iD awith many English speaking but she ' (recentlvpeople olra day-to clay basis? otfer) a grealiob here '{n)NaI z once bLtrtn r\LE

6 Have you ever accidcntally this is the first tjme shehearil people talking about you 1 (rry) to buy a flat. I , ^.,'""' -.... . louderor a person you knol\.? hope she gets it. Then alter she than xor.ts.

b) work in pairs. rake rurns ro ask li,;;" ;;; ;;.,.'.til:,:',,:.]'" " .oji,#l*";.: ,.:;.:;

'"and an\$cr qucsrn'n< l-6 in la).

,l - 5 Nothnig ventured, nothing

1 Review Language Summary'1, p117

dll Re-rite these sentences tothoos( rhe be*r enJine. a) or b). V --- ,- ; -- --- ; --- - . , ; - - i - , ,; __; _ - 9' emphasise the words in bold 6 krrer... rnan never.l o r c a c h * n r e n c e . s r a n i n s q i r h r h c q o r d .I Did yotr go ro ro.L te.r i rah bra(kei<.2 Hav€ you be€n ro anv rock 1 tamleryclose to my old€r

Itstivals sisrd. 1 t he Derson )4 in rh. lJ. l i$ m.nl \ ' r , ̂ " ̂ " . .^" ,^,"^ , , - , , . , , , . '^ . .

:';;:T::."'- ,?#,T.'"'il:fi:." @Ma This morniry 1y1',,

th")'.1t.1) , , ,, , : a) TicL the things you can do

. t t ' . e . . r . . t ' " " . . t , o " ' r n . r \ {€$ L ' r ! . ' l n n ' i h , l l r ! i n r n g l i . r r .

job. a Shet tred be'alse sh€didnl go ro b€d urr i l : car desc oe di i le,er lwdvs of

. , .1 ) a.m. (The reason) : communicat ing.rn( loDI didnl starl ex€rcising

5 r r€ad thee of his books ;;; , ;;;;;; iii : I :iY:::1i,":,.: Fesenl and the past6 rv€ r€ad {o.' of his books . ;:;;;'.;;;;;;;;i..; ,,,r

: usins a varietv oftime expressionsa) last sumner. 7 tr reall, annovs me whtn : tcan understand an artic e in whichtheb) dunng th€ last few weeks. peopte calk during a film i wriler expresses a specific point ol view

7 wher l'ye sold my ca. - lY'U i lcan use various structures to emphasse" *rr.r, i ".ra -r.1. 3lul ie $abroughrtrnin : important or new iniormation."l Lii".t "*-p*t. **p-,. scorland (ft)

lcan use c rcurnlocul on and paraphrasnglo clarf] whai I rnean.

b) What do you need to study again?see co-nou @l[!1.

b) l just used public transport.

Accurate WritingcoNNEcTING WoRDS: additionSPELLINC: hornoPhones

FiI nr the gaps with these conncctirg {ords/phrases.Sometimes there is morc than one possible answer{ffipprro.

also aswel t whatsmorc besides too not only

5he! becn runnnrg the companv since r\_o\.embcrShc'.s gor thr.e children ro look lftcr,{ 1 , , . , . . . o r . \ , r . r r \ l , 1 , r , . . " rThc problcnr w. ver. ser vas exrrernel) di*lculi Io

\ . L l ' , l I J \ r ' L h i r , l . d . lThe ira$ic is r,rall) heal at rhis rirnc ol da): Theroads are extrenreh icr: so bc carefulThe lillage is remote but totall,v inaccessible

trp ct'** tt* -**t spellins. ffi$RB prre. @ cnlole.c rtro r.ror.r-cRADABLE ADIFCT vEs; ADvERBs

a) Find and correct one mistake in each sentence.Sonetimes thefe is more than one possible answer

p 1 2 1 .

r l h . ! r B . r s l , - r \ . . . , . . 1 h i , , . o , r u , i - g r \ r . 9 .concert next nonth.

2 lll love to go and se€ rhat shoq'who everlone!talklDg about.

3 That! the ca[6 at vhere we mel ]ast rime.4 Have you met the wonan her daughler babisits for us?s Do )ou kno! the man q'hose his house \as broken

6 I'n1 meetiDg MicluelJones who isJoining our tinn

7 I didnt buy his Latest book, IhaI was unusual tor me.

b) In which of the corected sentences can therelative pronoun be leli out?

( hoo.c rhe (orrecr aJ iecr i re lor rarh adrerb.They may both be possible. ' rpl20.

suE I saw a progmmme on crocodilcs lan night. Ii $as\ery 1 i nte re sti ng /fasci nai ng.

BEN l'd be absolutely ,rcared/terified ill sa$, anesuE Me roo. What I was.xldemely 3amazetl/surprised

b) is how fast the). cal ruD.

caRL Ar€ you going to th€ conce( lonighr?KEN No, it! really ady'tculrlLrpoJsirle lbr lne ro get ro

CARL I could give )'ou a lift.KEN Thats very kind, but lm also fairly stiredl5harered

so I'll gile it a niss, I think.

Preview 2@ *rut,ur.rorrrt

6 I hrlen1 gol .rnv change on meo$e nre nroncy l ronr las i I imc.

I think it! lie. brodler whoselLvho'r Lhe difticuh unciD that faniil):hn not cntirel).con'inccd therellhey'rc up for fie

ue miitht o/'ve forgottcrl mv urbiLe nunberit:s not uusuaL for lou ta liorycr you rc/yau owtr

\\t rnrst makc sur€ that the,! chcck iD theyielthelr

3

a) Read the extmct from a stuclenti rvorh. Correctthe underlined mistahes using connecling ivords oIaddition. There is more than one possible answer

b) Find and correct five common spelling mistakes.

l'v€ 9ol tuo {'te^dr itr pa'4.ddr url(o I've beetr f€dllydose to lor urclL ol my life. WL,+ | like r\os+ aboal+he$ is h,ur k^d thly a/e. 1A!.!s!1, I cah t/d, thehcou^plgtely - tl€/e +[e l.ihd o{ pople yol{eelyoucanplorc ap ot dtry ti$e o{1ke day d^a Ngh1 if yoa rc€d*o talk about you're problem.

tl,.ey're nnuaes are J-'ss and olivid. l ie u^igla* o+ losrcohlocl fbr o wkile bdt ohe{ u€ see eack othe/ h s !si{u€'ve ̂ ever beeh opa,.t. l+'s Jess urkose n^y oldestfried - ',re ohly n^et 0livid Llhetr we w€̂ + +o college btr+oll+l"ree of us luve a[,roys 90+ o^ really $rell to9e1l!€rl*tunE ure're very sqpo'.tiv-' 10 €d.[o+L!r,dlso adl'm d!te/$i^ed h€v€r io lose codact urtt[tku i^re

@ vrne+rivo aro rasr lenrrcrcrrs

23

5

8

Fill in the gaps with the corect form of these verbs.t t€ \€r l 'Fi f lg rc.g. Br ir i , rg) or a pa.r pdrr ic i f le ,c g.wntfen). pI22.

Jljgh+en writ€ leave spoil bore open buitd try

r \ \ . f o u n J r h . o , " . p c . n e i \ r ' g d u l n r r h . lfijghte4inq..People early should do so \'ery quiedynespit" very hdct, I didnr finish lhe job.She canl resist her grandchjldren.\ , c o r J n t s r J , h e m . u " l r h r - q i r . h r . l o r

The castle, tu the tenrh centurt', isjusr roundthe corDer irom {'here we're staying.That repo , bv Ted, is on m) desk.Karen was soon out of her inind by th.