f1 - wes (oic) 013011
TRANSCRIPT
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F1 – WES (OIC) 013011===========================
(Secondary Review Material)
(Pang-dagdag Sa Ating Kaalaman)
pages 2 27: COLOR CODED
SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM SOLVING
Pages 28 97: Some QUESTIONS
WITH illustrations and key words
===========================BByy:: CCaapptt.. DDEENNSSAANN
Happy Sailing… Enjoy Reviewing…
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TO FIND DISTANCE BY BOW AND BEAM BEARING:
A ship on course of 253° T at 14 knots. At 2329 a lighthouse wasobserved bearing 282° T. At 2345 the same lighthouse bears 300° T.Find the ship’s distance off the second bearing and when abeam?
1. Find first Angles ―A‖, ―B‖ and ―C‖ :
a.)Co = 253° T b.) Co = 253° T c.) Angle B = 47° RBrg1 = 282° T – Brg2 = 300° T – Angle A = 29° R –
-------------------------- ------------------------- -------------------------A = 29° R B = 47° R Angle C = 18° R
2. Then solve for AB(Distance Run Between 1st & 2nd Observation)
AB = ( Time 2 – Time 1 ) x Speed
= ( 2345 – 2329 ) x 14 knots
= 16 minutes x 14 knots
AB = 3.73 nautical miles
3. Solve for Distance off at second bearing (BC): (By SINE Law)
BC = Sin A x AB / Sin C―Busy SinA AB at SinCha‖
BC = Sin 29° x 3.73 / Sin 18°
BC = 5.9 nautical miles (Distance off at 2nd bearing)
4. Solve for Distance at Abeam (CD) : (By SOH – CAH – TOA)
CD = BC x Sin B
―Si Dee Busy Rin Ba?‖
CD = 5.9 x Sin 47°
CD = 4.3 nautical miles ( Distance at Abeam)
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TO FIND LATITUDE BY MERIDIAN TRANSIT
(UPPER TRANSIT):
What is the latitude of a place where the sun is at the zenith of theobserver at local apparent noon of June 21 or 23?
If the Sun is at the Zenith it means that Altitude( Ho) = 90°- 90°
---------------ZD = 0°
Declination of the Sun on June 21/23 = 23° 27’ N ------------------------
Lat = 23° 27’ N
What is the latitude of a place where the observer is stepping on hisshadow at local apparent noon at March 21 or 23?
NOTE: When the Observer is stepping at his shadow at local apparent noon,
this means that the Sun is exactly at the Zenith, therefore, the
Ho = 90° and ZD = 0°.
ZD = 0°DEC = 0° > > > March 21 or 23
-----------------LAT = 0° or at the Equator
The sun crosses the upper branch of the celestial meridian of theobserver at a position 15º South of his zenith. If the sun’s declinationis 15º S. What is the latitude of the observer?
ZD = 15° SDEC = 15° S (N) >>> (reverse sign; if diff.name – )------------------------LAT = 0° or at the Equator
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TO FIND LATITUDE BY MERIDIAN PASSAGE
(LOWER TRANSIT):
NOTE: Lower Transit means Passage at the Lower Branch of the Meridian.Lower Transit can only be observed when a body is a circumpolar body.
A circumpolar body is a celestial body which does not set but remains abovethe horizon for 24 hours.
LAT = PX + Ho
PX (Polar Distance) = 90° – Declination
RULE: Latitude is named according to the name of Declination.
What is the latitude of a place where the sun is at the horizon atmidnight of June 21?
Declination of Sun on June 21 = 23° 27’ N
Polar Distance (PX) June 21 = 66° 33’ N >>> (90° - Dec) Ho at Horizon = 0° ( - )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------LATITUDE = 66° 33’ N
What is the latitude of a place where the sun is at the horizon atmidnight of December 21 or 23?
Declination of Sun on Dec. 21 or 23 = 23° 27’ S
Polar Distance (PX) Dec21/23 = 66° 33’ S >>> (90° - Dec) Ho at Horizon = 0° ( - )
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------LATITUDE = 66° 33’ S
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Find the Amplitude of a rising body with a Declination of 21º 07.8' N at Latitude 47º 18.6' N.
TO FIND AMPLITUDE (AMP):
Sin AMP = Sin DEC / Cos LAT
= Sin 21° 7.8’ / Cos 47° 18.6’
AMPLITUDE = E 32° 7.1’ N
NOTE: Prefixed ―E‖ >> Body is Rising [―W‖ if Body is Setting]
Suffixed ―N‖ >> Declination is North [―S‖ if DEC is South]
At Latitude 55° 53’N; Long. 130° 18’ W, sun’s Declination is 12° 40’ S. Find True Azimuth (Zn) at sunset.
TO FIND TRUE AZIMUTH (Zn):
1.) First find Amplitude:
Sin AMP = Sin DEC / Cos LAT
= Sin 12° 40’ / Cos 55° 53’
AMPLITUDE = W 23° S
NOTE: Prefixed ―W‖ >> Body is Setting [ ―E‖ if Body is Rising ]
Suffixed ―S‖ >> Declination is South [ ―N‖ if DEC is N ]
2.) Then convert Amplitude to True Azimuth:
To convert AMPLITUDE (AMP) to TRUE AZIMUTH (Zn):
1. E x N > > > 90° – AMP = Zn2. E x S > > > 90° + AMP = Zn3. W x S > > > 270° – AMP = Zn4. W x N > > > 270° + AMP = Zn
In the above example: AMP = W 23° S >> 270° — 23° > > Zn = 247° ( T )
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An observer at Latitude 45° 00’ South took a gyro bearing of the Sunon the horizon and found to be 078°(pgc). The declination of the Sunobtained from the almanac gives 14° 00’ N. Calculate the gyro error.
TO FIND GYRO ERROR (G/E):
Sin AMP = Sin DEC / Cos LAT
= Sin 14° / Cos 45°
AMPLITUDE = E 20° N
NOTE: Prefixed ―E‖ >> Bearing is 078° (pgc) which is Easterly directionand it means that the Body is Rising.
Suffixed ―N‖ >> Declination is North
To convert Amp E 20° N to True Azimuth: 90° – 20° = 070° T
True Bearing = 070° (T) > > Obtained by calculation Gyro Bearing = 078° pgc ( – ) > > Taken by observation ---------------------------------------
Gyro Error = – 8° or 8° W > > If result is ( –), G/E is W ; If (+) G/E is E .
Or you can apply the OLD RULE:
Compass BEST, Error WEST… Compass LEAST, Error EAST
The bearing of a rising sun at Latitude 38° 08' S was 078° 28'. Findthe declination at time of sight.
TO FIND DECLINATION by AMPLITUDE FORMULA:
Sin AMP = Sin DEC / Cos LAT
Sin DEC = Sin AMP x Cos LAT [ Formula 1 ]
Sin DEC = Cos Azimuth x Cos LAT [ Formula 2 ]
Sin DEC = Cos 78° 28’ x Cos 38° 08’
DECLINATION = 9° 03’ N > > > (N since 078° 28’ is towards North orit has a Northerly component)
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You are on a voyage from New York, USA to San Francisco, USA.The distance from pilot to pilot is 5,132 miles. The speed of advanceis 13.5 knots. You estimate 32 hours for bunkering at Colon and 14hours for the Panama Canal transit. If you take departure at 0600hours (ZD +4) on May 16, what is your ETA (ZD +7) at San Francisco?
TO FIND ETA or LZT of ARRIVAL:
a.) By GMT METHOD:
LZT departure = 0600 16th May
ZD departure = (+)4 (W) + >>> [ LEG –: E – / W + ]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GMT departure = 1000 16th May
+ Steaming Time = 2009 15days >>> [ Steam ing Time: always + ] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GMT arrival = 3009 31st May
ZD arrival = (+)7 (W) – >>> [ GEL +: E + / W – ] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------LZT arrival = 2309 31st May
Bunkering = 32 + >>> [ An y Delays: always + ]
Panama Canal Transit = 14 + >>> [ An y Delays: always + ] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LZT arrival = 2109 02nd June
b.) By TIME DIFFERENCE (TD) METHOD:
ZD departure = (+) 4
ZD arrival = (+) 7 ( – ) >>> Note: always subtract ( )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Time Difference = – 3
Steaming Time(D / S) = 2009 15 days >>> 5,132 miles / 13.5 knots
LZT departure = 0600 16th May
Bunkering = 32 + >>> [ An y Delays: always + ]
Panama Canal Transit = 14 + >>> [ An y Delays: always + ]
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
LZT arrival = 2109 02nd June
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c.) By SIMPLE ILLUSTRATION METHOD:
Pt. A >_________________+_________________+____________________<Pt. B NYK Colon Panama Canal Transit SFO(ZD+4) (32h) (14h) (ZD+7)
S.T. = Distance / Speed = 5132 miles / 13.5 knots = 380.148 hrs
0600 May 16 >>>>>> S.T. 15d 20h 09m >>>>>> ?? 2109 June 2 ??
d.) By HOUR CALCULATION METHOD:
Steaming Time = Distance / Speed
= 5,132nm/13.5k >>> 380.148 hrs
Departure Time >>> + 6 hrs
ZD departure >>>> + (+)4
ZD arrival >>>>>>> – (+)7 Note: always (- )
DELAYS: Bunkering >>>>>>> + 32 hrs
P. Canal Transit >>> + 14 hrs-------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL No. of HOURS >>> 429.148 hrs / 24
17.881 days
Departure Date >>> + 16th MAY-------------------------------------------------------------------------
33.881
How many days in MAY??? >>> – 31 days
--------------------------------------------------------------------------2.881 days
ARRIVAL MONTH and DAY!!! >>> – 2nd JUNE-------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.881day x 24
ARRIVAL TIME!!! >>> 2109 hrs
NOTE: If ZD is no t given, just divid e the Long i tude by 15. Take the wholenum ber of h our . A fract ion of 0.5 and above w i l l be considered to the next
ho ur . ( Ex. 4.4 = ZD 4 but 4.5 = ZD 5)
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At Place A, Long. 175° 10.5’ W, the LMT is 16h 02m 03s Dec 3.Find the LMT and date at place B, Long. 32°08’ W.
TO FIND LMT of PLACE B:
(175° 10.5’ – 32° 08’) = 143° 2.5’ E / 15 = 9h 32m 10s ( + )
Dec.3, 16h 02m 03s---------------------------------
25h 34m 13s
Dec.4, 01h 34m 13s
The ZT at place A is 0800. If the Long of A is 49°30’ W, what is the ZTof place B in Long 83°15’ W?
TO FIND ZT of PLACE B:
Long of A = 49° 30’ W / 15 = 3.3 >>> ZD Place A = +3( – )
Long of B = 83° 15’ W / 15 = 5.6 >>> ZD Place B = +6 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time Difference = –3 Hrs
ZT Place A = 0800
Time Difference = – 3 Hrs-------------------------------------
ZT Place B = 0500
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1100
What is the length of the shadow of a man, 6 feet tall, when standingin an open field at local apparent noon of a certain day when thesun’s Declination is about 20º S and his Latitude is 20º S?
TO FIND ZENITH DISTANCE if LATITUDE / DECLINATION are given:
LAT = 20° SDEC = 20° (S) N – >> > (always reverse sign; if same name
------------------ with Lat + but if diff.name – then affix ZD = 0° sign of quantity with greater value)
NOTE: It means that the sun is exactly at the Zenith (directly above yourhead), therefore Zenith Distance (ZD) is zero and no shadow will be seen.
Find the height of the observer in Lat 45º N when he is casting ashadow 10 feet long at local apparent noon on a day when the sundeclination is 20º N.
TO FIND HEIGHT OF OBSERVER:
Lat = 45° N
Dec = 20° (N) S – >>> (always reverse sign; if same name------------------------ with Lat + but if diff. name – then affix
ZD = 25° N sign of quantity with greater value)
– 90°--------------------
Ho = 65°
Height of Observer (Ho) = Tan 65° x 10 feet (shadow)
= 21.25 feet
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1111
THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS are FINDING HOW FAR is theSUN to the ZENITH of OBSERVER or the FINDING the ANGULAR orthe ZENITH DISTANCE:
How far and where will the Sun be from the Zenith of the observer atnoon of June 21 or 23 if the observer is navigating along the Tropicof Cancer?
Tropic of Cancer >>> Lat = 23° 27’ N
June 21 or 23 >>> Dec = 23°27’ N ( – )
-------------------------------------------------------
ZD = 0°
RULE: If LATITUDE of Observer and DECLINATION of the Sun
are of same name, subtract ( – ) and affix the sign of quantity
with greater value; if different name, add ( + ).
What is the angular distance of the sun from the zenith of theobserver at noon of June 21 or 23 if the observer is navigating along
the Tropic of Cancer?
Observer is along Tropic of Cancer = 23° 27’ N
Declination of the Sun on June 21/23 = 23° 27’ N ( – )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Angular Distance = 0°
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1122
How far and where will the sun be from the zenith of the observer atnoon of December 21 or 23 if the observer is navigating along theTropic of Cancer?
Observer is navigating along the Tropic of Cancer = 23° 27’ N
Declination of the Sun on Dec. 21/23 = 23° 27’ S ( + )
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------How far is the Sun to the Observer (ZD) = 46° 54’ South
NOTE: It is named ―South‖ since the Sun is south of the Observer.
How far and where will the sun be from the zenith of observer atnoon of March 21 or 23 when the observer is navigating along theArctic Circle?
Observer is navigating along the Arctic Circle = 66° 33’ N
Declination of the Sun on March 21/23 = 0° N/S (+/ – )------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How far is the Sun to the Observer (ZD) = 66° 33’ South
NOTE: It is named ―South‖ since the Sun is south of the Observer.
What is the angular distance of the sun from the zenith of theobserver at noon of March 21 or 23 when the observer is navigatingalong the Arctic Circle?
Observer is along Arctic Circle = 66° 33’ N
Declination of the Sun on March 21/23 = 0° N/S (+/ – )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Angular Distance = 66° 33’
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1133
What is the difference of latitude between the Antarctic Circle andthe Tropic of Capricorn?
Antarctic Circle >>> LAT = 66° 33’ S
Tropic of Capricorn >>> LAT = 23° 27’ S ( – )
----------------------------------------------------------------------
DLAT = 43° 06’
What is the difference of latitude between the Arctic Circle and theTropic of Cancer ?
Arctic Circle >>> LAT = 66° 33’ N
Tropic of Cancer >>> LAT = 23° 27’ N ( – )-------------------------------------------------------------------
DLAT = 43° 06’
How far (in angular distance) is the Arctic Circle from the NorthPole?
North Pole = 90° 00’ N
Arctic Circle = 66° 33’ N ( – )------------------------------------------
Angular Distance = 23° 27’
How far in angular distance is the Antarctic Circle from the SouthPole?
South Pole = 90° 00’ S
Antarctic Circle = 66° 33’ S ( – )------------------------------------------
Angular Distance = 23° 27’
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1144
A ship sailing eastward crosses the 180th meridian at 1130 ZT ofJune 6. What is the new zone time and date of crossing?
TO FIND ZT and DATE when crossing Equator :
a.) By Formula:
ZD before crossing = – 12 (E) > > > LZT = 1130 June 6TD = 24h or 1d ( –)
-----------------------------------ZD after crossing = + 12 (W) > > > LZT = 1130 June 5
----------------------------------------------
Time Difference (TD) = – 24 hrs < < < ZD dep – ZD arr = ( –12) – (+12)Or 1 day
NOTE: TD is applied between two ZT’s.TD is the difference of two ZD’s.
b.) By Simple Illustration Method:
E Long._______________________(180°)_______________________W Long.
I D L
>>> 1 >> Day >>Less >>> (Easterly Course)
1130 ZT, June6 1130ZT, June5
( Westerly Course) <<< 1 << Day << More <<<
NOTE: Remember the 180th meridian is the I.D.L. (International Date Line) or
I.D.L. means 1 Day Less. In short, crossing the IDL from E to W (eastward),
you subtract 1 day. And crossing from W to E (westward), you add 1 day.
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1155
A ship is in Longitude 137° 45' E, clocks keeping ZT. Find the LMT at1123 ship's time.
TO FIND LMT if LZT or ZT is given:
Long. 137° 45’ E / 15
= 09h 11m (E) > > > Long. in Time (λt) (hh – mm – ss)
= -9 (E) > > > > > > ZD (whole number of hour)
LZT = 1123 (ship’s time) Note: [ L E G – / G E L + ]ZD = 9 (E) – LZT to GMT: E – / W +
-------------------- GMT to LMT: E + / W – GMT = 0223(λt) = 0911 (E) +
----------------------
LMT = 1134
NOTE 1: In converting LZT to LMT or vice versa, you apply Longitude inTime (λt) and ZD but DO NOT interchange them, otherwise you will get a wrong answer. From LZT to GMT or vice versa , you apply ZD. Both LZT andZD with ―Z‖ should go hand in hand. From GMT to LMT or vice versa, youapply, of course Long in Time (λt) at wala ng iba pa.
NOTE 2: Local Zone Time or Zone Time or Local Time is the Standard Timemaintained within a certain zone as designated by Zone Description. Thisstandard time is the time being maintained on board ship and this is whatwe call the Ship’s Time.
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1166
The LMT of sunrise on the standard meridian is 0552H. YourLongitude is 99° 15’ E. What is your ZT of sunrise?
TO FIND LZT or ZT if LMT is given:
Long. 99° 15’ E / 15 = 6h 37m
= 6h 37m (E) > Long. in Time (λt)
= 7 (E) > > > > ZD
LMT sunrise = 0552 λt = 0637 (E) –
------------------------------------ NOTE: LEG – / GEL + GMT sunrise = 2315 LMT to GMT: E – / W +
ZD = 7 (E) + GMT to LZT: E + / W – ------------------------------------LZT sunrise = 0615
The local mean time of sunset at Long. 73° 30' E is 18h 40m 00s.What is the corresponding local zone time of sunset?
TO FIND LZT or ZT if LMT is given:
Long. 73° 30’ E / 15 = 4h 54m
= 4h 54m (E) > Long. in Time(λt)
= 5 (E) > > > > ZD
LMT sunset = 18h 40m 00s
λt = 04h 54m 00s (E) – [LEG – ]------------------------------------GMT sunset = 13h 46m 00s
ZD = 5 (E) + [GEL +] -----------------------------------
LZT sunset = 18h 46m 00s
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1177
The LMT of LAN is 1200H. What will be the zone time of LAN if youare located in Longitude 120° 30’ W?
TO FIND LZT or ZT if LMT is given:
Long. 120° 30’ W / 15 = 08h 02m (W) > Long in Time (λt) = +8 (W) > > > > ZD
LMT LAN = 1200Λt = 0802 (W) +
--------------------------------GMT LAN = 2002
ZD = 8 (W) ---------------------------------LZT LAN = 1202
The zone time of LAN is 1152. Your longitude is 73º 15' E. What timewould you use to enter the Nautical Almanac to determine thedeclination of the Sun at LAN?
TO FIND GMT OF LAN:
Long = 73° 15’ E / 15 = 4h 53m > > > ZD = – 5 (E)
LZT LAN = 1152 Note: [ L E G – ]ZD = 5 (E) – LZT to GMT: E - / W +
----------------------------GMT LAN = 0652
The ZT at Long. 141° 18’ W is 6h 18m 24s. What is the GMT?
TO FIND GMT:
Long = 141° 18’ W / 15 = 9h 25m 12s > > > ZD = + 9 (W)
LZT LAN = 06h 18m 24s Note: [ L E G – ]ZD = 9 (W) + LZT to GMT: E – / W +
-------------------------------------GMT = 15h 18m 24s
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1188
If the Greenwich Hour Angle of the sun at noon of Feb.26 is 356°23.6’. What is the Equation of Time?
TO FIND EQUATION OF TIME (E.T.):
NOTE: If GHA > 180°, then E.T. = (360° - GHA) / 15
If GHA > 180°, then Mean Sun is Ahead, Apparent Sun is Behind, E.T. +
E.T. = (360° - 356° 23.6’) = 3° 36.4’ / 15 = 00h 14m 26s
The GHA of the sun at 1200 GMT was found in the nautical almanacto be 356° 28.4’. What will be the GMT of the meridian passage?
TO FIND GMT at MERIDIAN PASSAGE:
a.) Find first E.T. as above formula:
b.) Then find GMT of MP as below:
GAT = 12h 00m 00s >>> Greenwich Apparent Time
E.T. = 00h 14m 06s + > > > (see above problem) ----------------------------------
GMT = 12h 14m 06s >>> Greenwich Mean Time
Note: If GHA > 180°, then Mean Sun is Ahead, E.T. +
In this problem, GHA = 356° 28.4’ which is more than 180°, therefore,
Mean Sun is Ahead and E.T. is +.
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1199
The GHA of the Sun at 1200h GMT was found in the Almanac to be002° 31.6’. What is the equation of time?
TO FIND EQUATION OF TIME (E.T.):
NOTE: If GHA < 180°, then E.T. = GHA / 15
If GHA < 180°, then Mean Sun is Behind, Apparent Sun is Ahead, E.T. –
E.T. = 002° 31.6’ / 15 = 10m 06s
The GHA of the Sun at 1200h GMT was found to be 002° 31.6’. Whatwill be the GMT of Meridian Passage if your longitude is atGreenwich?
TO FIND GMT at MERIDIAN PASSAGE (MP):
a.) Find first E.T. as above formula:
b.) Then find GMT of MP as below:
GAT = 12h 00m 00s > > > Greenwich Apparent Time
E.T. = 00h 10m 06s – > > > ( see above problem ) -------------------------------------
GMT = 11h 49m 54s
Note: If GHA < 180°, then Mean Sun is Behind, E.T. –
In this problem, GHA = 002° 31.6’ which is less than180°, therefore,
Mean Sun is Behind and E.T. is –.
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2200
The GHA Aries is determined as 348° 16.3’, an observer is located at178° 39.2’ East . The LHA Aries he will use in solving latitude byPolaris is:
TO FIND LHA OF ARIES:
LHA Aries = GHA Aries +/- Long
NOTE: G E L + > > > GHA to LHA: E + / W –
LHA of Aries = 348° 16.3’ + 178° 39.2’ E
= 526° 55.5´ - 360°
LHA of Aries = 166° 55.5’
You depart LAT 50º 06’ N, LONG 153º 06’ E and steam 879 miles oncourse 090º. What is the LONG of arrival?
TO FIND the LONGITUDE of ARRIVAL:
DLO = DEP / Cos LAT LONG departure = 153 °06’ E = 879’ / Cos 50°06’ DLO = 22° 50’ E += 1,370’ / 60 ------------------------------------------------
DLO = 22° 50’ E LONG ar rival = 175° 56’
You depart LAT 25º 54' N, LONG 9º 38' E and steam 592 miles oncourse 270º. What is the LONG of arrival?
TO FIND the LONGITUDE of ARRIVAL:
DLO = DEP / Cos LAT LONG departure = 009° 38’ E = 592’ / Cos 25° 54’ DLO = 10° 58’ W – = 658’ / 60 --------------------------------------------------
DLO = 10° 58’ W LONG arrival = 001° 20’ W
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2211
TO CONVERT GHA to LONGITUDE:
RULE: If GHA > 180°, then Long = 360° – GHA and named East.
If GHA < 180°, then Long = GHA and named West.
What is the geographic longitude of a body whose GHA is 232º 27'?
Long = 360° - 232° 27’ = 127° 33’ E
What is the geographic longitude of a body whose GHA is 215º 15'?
Long = 360° – 215° 15’ = 144° 45’
What is the longitude of the geographical position of a body whoseGHA is 210º 30'?
Long = 360° – 210° 30’ = 149° 30’
TO CONVERT GEOGRAPHIC LONGITUDE to GHA:
RULE: If Longitude is ‖E‖ then GHA = 360° – Longitude
If Longitude is ―W‖ then GHA = Longitude
A position of the Earth has a longitude of 74º 10' E. Its celestialcounterpart would have a ________.
GHA = 360° - 74° 10’ = 285° 50’
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2222
At meridian passage, upper transit, the observer’s latitude wasfound to be 43° 34.7’ N, Dec. is 1° 46.3’ N. Find the observed altitude.
TO FIND OBSERVED ALTITUDE (Ho):
Lat. = 43° 34.7’ N Dec. = 1° 46.3’ (N) S – >>> ( always reverse sign; if diff.name – )
----------------------------ZD = 41° 48.4’ N
– 90° >>> (always – 90° since Ho + ZD = 90°) ---------------------------Ho = 48° 11.6’ N
The distance to the nearest vertex from any point on a great circletrack cannot exceed___________.
The maximum distance from the VERTEX to any point on a GREAT CIRCLETRACK = 5,400 nautical miles > > > 90° x 60
Your vessel is at the equator at midnight on 1 January, and a star isobserved rising. At what time will this same star rise on 1 February,assuming your vessel’s location is still at the equator ?
1 solar day = 24h 00m 00s1 sidereal day = 23h 56m 04s---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Difference = 0h 3m 56s < < <Stars rises late dailyx 31 days < < < < < Jan.1 to Feb.1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total Diff. = 2h 01m 56s
Midnight Jan.1 = 24h 00m 00s ( – )-----------------------------------------------------------The star will rise = 21h 58m 04s on Feb.1
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The propeller of the vessel has a diameter of 20.6 feet and a pitch of 23.4 feet.What would be the apparent slip if the vessel cruised of 538 miles in a 24 hourday (observed distance) at an average RPM of 87?
TO FIND ENGINE SPEED AND SLIP:
E.S. = RPMEngine Speed (E.S.) = RPM x Pitch x 60Min
-----------------------------------6080 > > > Divide by 6080
If Pitch is in Feet= 87 x 23.4 x 60
--------------------------6080
E.S. = 20.09 knots x 24 hours
Engine Distance (E.D.) = 482.16 miles
Observed Speed (O.S.) = 538 miles (O.D.) / 24 hours
O.S. = 22.42 knots
Slip = E.S. – O.S. OR; Slip = E.D. – O.D. ----------------- -------------------
E.S. E.D.
= 20.09 – 22.42 = 482.16 – 538--------------------- --------------------
20.09 482.16
Slip = – 11.% (Ans.) Slip = – 11.6% (Ans.)
A ship’s propeller is 4882 mm diameter with pitch of 4226 mm. The engineRPM is 122. What is the engine speed of this vessel?
Engine Speed (E.S.) = RPM x Pitch x 60
----------------------------1852 > > > Divide by 1852
If Pitch is in mm.= 122 x 4.226 x 60 Convert Pitch
--------------------------- from mm to meter. 1852
E.S. = 16.70 knots (Ans.)
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2244
TO FIND AVERAGE PISTON SPEED
If the piston stroke of a diesel engine is 10 1/2 inches and the speed of
the crankshaft is 720 RPM, what is the average piston speed?
( 10.5 inches ÷ 6) x 720 RPM = 1260 ft/minute
TO FIND AVERAGE PISTON SPEED
What is the average piston speed of a five cylinder low speed engine which has
a bore of 29.5 inches, a stroke of 63 inches, and a rated speed of 123 RPM?
( 63 inches ÷ 6) x 123 RPM = 1291.5 ft/min
To Find Percentage of the Working Pressure
Working pressure of a boiler is 470 psig. The safety valve lifts at 510 psig and
blows down to 480 psig. The blow down is what percentage of the working
pressure?
( 510 – 480 ) ÷ 470 x 100 = 6.4
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2255
FINDING NEW SPEED
A cape size vessel consumes 333 barrels of fuel oil per day while steaming at
15.5 knots. In order to reduce consumption to 176 barrels of fuel oil per day,determine for the maximum speed the vessel can turn.
New Consumption = New Speed^3
---------------------------- ---------------------
Old Consumption Old Speed^3
176 = New Speed^3
-------------------- -----------------------333 15.5^3
176 x 15.5^3
-------------------------- = New Speed^3
333
1968.17^(1/3) = New Speed
12.5 knots = New Speed
FINDING SPEED OF ADVANCE
The pitch of the propeller is 19 feet and the propeller slip is 10 percent. If thepropeller is turning 70 RPM's, what is your speed of advance?
Speed of Advance = RPM x Pitch x 60 x Efficiency
---------------------------------------
6080
= 70 x 19 x 60 x 90%------------------------------
6080
Speed of Advance = 11.81 knots
EEf f f f iicciieennccyy == 110000%% -- SSllii p p == 110000%% -- 1100%%
EEf f f f iicciieennccyy == 9900%%
11996688..1177 R R aaiissee ttoo
11//33r r dd
oor r
ccuu b bee r r oooott oof f 11996688..1177
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2266
What is the natural cosine of the middle latitude between Lat. 20° 14’ N and
Lat. 11° 35’ S?A. 0.99714
B. 0.99715
C. 0.07527
D. 0.99716
Solutions:
* Mid-Lat = ( Lat 1 – Lat 2 ) ÷ 2 >>> If diff. name
*Mid-Lat = ( Lat 1 + Lat 2 ) ÷ 2 >>> If same name
Mid-Lat = ( 20° 14’N – 11° 35’N ) ÷ 2
= 8° 39’ ÷ 2 = 4° 19.5’= natural cosine of 4° 19.5’
= 0.99715 (Ans.)
A ship sailed from Latitude 49° 10’ N to Lat. 25° 10’ N. What is the log secant
of the middle latitude?
A. 10.21887
B. 10.09296C. 10.09861
D. 10.10248
*Mid-Lat = ( Lat 1 + Lat 2 ) ÷ 2 >>> If same name
Mid-Lat = ( 49° 10’N + 25° 10’N ) ÷ 2
= 74° 20’ ÷ 2 = 37° 10’
= 1 ÷ cos 37° 10’ >>> sec = 1 ÷ cos
= log 1.2548917
= 0.09861 + 10 >>> log is always ― +10‖
= 10.09861 (Ans.)
Note: secant = 1 ÷ cosine angle―log‖ is always ― +10‖
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2277
A ship sailed from Lat. 12° 35’ N to Lat. 18° 53’ N. What is the log cosine
of the complementary angle of the middle latitude?
*Mid-Lat = ( Lat 1 + Lat 2 ) ÷ 2 >>> If same name
= (12° 35’ N + 18° 53’ S ) ÷ 2
= 31° 28’ ÷ 2 = 15° 44’
= 90° - 15° 44’ = 74° 16’ (Complementary )
= log cos 74° 16’
= - 0.56677 + 10
= 9.43323 (Ans.)
A ship sailed from Lat. 49° 10’ N to Lat. 25° 10’ N. What is the log cosine of
the middle latitude?
A. 9.96073
B. 9.90139
C. 9.90704
D. 9.99054
*Mid-Lat = ( Lat 1 + Lat 2 ) ÷ 2 >>> If same name
= ( 49° 10’ N + 25° 10’ N ) ÷ 2
= 74° 20’ ÷ 2 = 37° 10’
= log Cos 37° 10’
= - 0.09861 + 10
= 9.90139 (Ans.)
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APPARENT MOTION OF THE SUN IN THE ECLIPTIC
( See F1 Book page NA – 23 )
DATE >>> Sign of Constellation >>> Position of Sun > Declination
March21 >>> First Point of Aries > Vernal Equinox > 0° inc. to max North
June21 >>> First Point of Cancer > Summer Solstice > 23°27’ North
Sept.23 >>> First Point of Libra > Autumnal Equinox > 0° inc. to max South
Dec.22 >>> First Point of Capricorn > Winter Solstice > 23°27’ South
Solstices and Equinoxes
Because Earth orbits the Sun, we see different constellations throughout the year. And
the Sun (if it were visible at night) appears to move through a stationary starry
background. The Sun's apparent (True Sun) path through the stars, over the course
of one year, forms a circle called the ecliptic . Twice each year, the Sun's path crosses the
celestial equator (or the Equinoctial = path of the Fictitious Sun) (Earth's
equator projected onto the sky). At these times, night and day are of equal length. These
dates are called equinoxes -- the Latin word for "equal night." Solstices -- Latin for
"standing Sun" -- occur when the Sun is at its highest point above the celestial equator
(summer solstice, the longest day of the year) and the lowest point below it (winter
solstice, the shortest day of the year )
“EQUINOX” = meaning “EQUAL NIGHTS” There are 2 Equinoxes (Vernal and Autumnal). During these dates,
the Declination of SUN is 0 degrees. Every place on earth has equal length of
daytime and night time.
“SOLSTICE” = meaning “ SUN STAND STILL.”
There are 2 Solstices (Summer and Winter). During these dates, the SUN has
reached its maximum declination 23° 27’ North and South. The length of day time
and night time is not equal. Longer nights are experienced in one place while shorter
days in another or vice versa.
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The vernal equinox in the celestial sphere is where the sun
declination is:
0° increasing to
maximum north
The autumnal equinox is the point in the celestial sphere where
the sun declination is ___________.
0° increasing to
maximum south
When the sun is at the winter solstice its declination is ________.A. north and increasing to maximum
B. north and decreasing to 0°
C. south and increasing to maximum
D. south and decreasing to 0°
south anddecreasing to 0°
The summer solstice is the position of the sun on or about : June 21
The winter solstice is the position of the sun on or about :A. March 21
B. Sept 21
C. Dec. 21
D. June 21
Dec. 21
Capricorn is the point of:
A. vernal equinox
B. winter solstice
C. autumnal equinoxD. summer solstice
winter solstice
During the month of October the Sun declination is ____________.
A. south and decreasing
B. north and increasing
C. north and decreasing
D. south and increasing
south and
increasing
Vernal Equinox is also known as ______.
A. First Point of Libra
B. First Point of Cancer
C. First Point of Capricorn
D. First Point of Aries
First Point of Aries
The hour circle that passes through the First Point of Aries is
known as the _______________.
A. Circle of Equal SHA
B. Solsticial Colure
C. Vernal Equinoctial Circle
D. Equinoctial Colure
Equinoctial Colure
Libra is the point of:
A. winter solstice
B. autumnal equinox
C. vernal equinox
D. summer solstice
autumnal equinox
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The points of intersection of the ecliptic and the celestial equator
are called _______.
A. Equinoxes
B. Solstices
C. Equinoctial colure
D. Solsticial colure
Equinoxes
When the sun is at the summer solstice its declination is:
A. south and increasing to maximum
B. north and increasing to maximum
C. south and decreasing to 0º
D. north and decreasing to 0º
north and
decreasing to 0°
Cancer is the point of: summer solstice
The maximum difference between mean time and apparent time
is :
about 16 minutes
The sidereal day begins when the___________. first point of Aries is
over the upper
branch of the
reference meridian
What is the average speed of movement of a hurricane prior to
recurvature?A. 10 to 12 knots
B. 6 to 8 knots
C. 4 to 6 knots
D. 15 to 20 knots
NOTE: hurricane prior (before) to recurvature
10 to 12 knots
What is the average speed of the movement of a hurricane
following the recurvature of its track?
NOTE : hurricane following (after) the recurvature
20 to 30 knots
Recurvature of hurricane’s track usually results in the
forward speed ________.
Increasing
When the air is saturated, the relative humidity is said to be : 100%
At the surface, the standard atmospheric pressure is ______
hectopascal(hPa).
NOTE: 1 mb = 1 hPa
1013.2
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The standard sea level pressure of the atmosphere is _____
A. 1013.25 millibars of mercury
B. 1013.52 millibars of mercury
C. 1012.35 millibars of mercury
D. 1012.35 millibars of mercury
1013.25 millibars of
mercury
You are on course 138° T. To check the latitude of your vesselyou should observe a celestial body on which bearing?
A. 270
B. 000
C. 318
D. 138
To check Latitude: either 000°(North) or 180°(South) no
matter the course is.
000
You are on course 061˚ T. To check the longitude of your vessel
you should observe a celestial body on which bearing?
A. 000°
B. 090°
C. 180°
D. 061°
To check Longitude: either 090°(East) or 270°(West) no
matter the course is.
090 °
You are on course 146° T. To check the speed of your vessel you
should observe a celestial body on which bearing?
A. 146
B. 056
C. 000
D. 090
To check Speed: same or reciprocal to course +/-180°
= 146° same as course>>> 146°
146
You are on course 042˚T. To check the course of your vessel you
should observe a celestial body on which bearing?
A. 090°
B. 132°
C. 180°
D. 222°
To check Course: course +/- 90° (Port or Stbd beam)
= 42° + 90° = 132°
132
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As radiant energy from the sun arrives at the earth, how many
percent is absorbed by the atmosphere?
A. 29%
B. 19%
C. 24%
D. 52%
NOTE: absorbed by the atmosphere = 19%
absorbed by the surface of the earth = 52%
reflected back into space = 29%
Memory Aid: In 1952, you are 29 years old.
19%
As radiant energy from the sun arrives at the earth, how manypercent is absorbed by the earth?
A. 29%
B. 19%
C. 24%
D. 52%
52%
As radiant energy from the sun arrives at the earth, how many
percent is reflected back by the earth and the atmosphere?
A. 24%B. 19%
C. 52%
D. 29%
29%
TYPES OF CLOUD AND ITS ALTITUDE:
1. High Clouds ---------------- Above 20,000 Feet(All Clouds with “CIRRUS” Ex. Cirrus, Cirrocumulus and Cirrostratus)
2. Middle Clouds ---- Between 6,500 and 20,000 Feet
(All Clouds with “ALTO” Ex. Altocumulus and Altostratus)
3. Low Clouds ------------------ Below 6,500 Feet
(Any other Cloud without “Cirrus” or “Alto” Ex. Cumulus, Stratus, Stratocumulus,
Nimbostratus, Cumulonimbus)
( See F1 Book page METEO – 3 and METEO – 4 )
___________ may form when air moves across the surface of the
earth that is forced to ascend over a hill or mountain and
thus cools adiabatically.
clouds
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Collections of water droplets or ice crystals, or combination
of these two states of water suspended in the atmosphere are
called:
clouds
Consist of innumerable tiny droplets of water, or ice
crystals formed by condensation of water vapor around
microscopic particles in the air.A. Fog
B. Precipitation
C. Drizzle
D. Clouds
clouds
Cirrus and cirrostratus belong to the ______
A. high clouds
B. middle clouds
C. low clouds
D. stratosphere
NOTE: Clouds with “CIRRUS” = high clouds
Clouds with “ALTO” = middle clouds
Clouds without “CIRRUS” and “ALTO” = low clouds
high clouds
Which clouds are arranged from the highest to the lowest in the
sky?
Cirrostratus,
altostratus andstratus
Altocumulus and altostratus belong to the _____. middle clouds
Cumulus and cumulonimbus belong to the _____.
A. middle clouds
B. ionosphereC. low clouds
D. high clouds
low clouds
High clouds have a mean lower level above ______.
A. 20,000 ft
B. 25,000 ft
C. 30,000 ft
D. 40,000 ft
20,000 ft
Middle clouds have a mean level ______. between 6,500 ft
and 20,000 ft
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Low clouds have a mean level of less than ______.
A. 3,500 ft
B. 4,500 ft
C. 5,000 ft
D. 6,500 ft
6,500 ft
Which cloud type is normally associated with thunderstorms? Cumulonimbus
This is a deviation error caused by the miscalculation of
azimuth or by physical misalignments rather than magnetic
effects of soft iron.
A. A error
B. B error
C. C error
D. E error
A - error
______ results from both the fore-and-aft permanent
magnetic field across the compass.
A. D error
B. A error
C. B error
D. C error
B - error
_____ results from the athwartship permanent magnetic
field across the compass.
A. D error
B. A error
C. B error
D. C error
C - error
This error is due only to induction in the symmetricalarrangements of horizontal soft iron.
A. D error
B. A error
C. B error
D. C error
D - error
This error is caused by induction in theunsymmetricalarrangements of horizontal soft iron.
A. B error
B. C error
C. E error
D. D error
E - error
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EARTH SYSTEMLine p-p’ = parallel or parallel of latitude
Line E-Q = Equator
Angle Q-p’ = Latitude Angle Np-p’ = Co-latitude
Line Np-X-Sp = Meridian
A line on Earth parallel to the equator is a ______________.
A. small circle
B. gnomonic curve
C. meridianD. great circle
small circle
This is the angular distance from a primary great circle or plane
measured north or south through 90°.
latitude
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3366
In the Celestial Equator system of coordinates, when the body’s
diurnal circle coincides with the celestial equator, the meridional
zenith distance is equal to the _____.
A. Azimuth of the body
B. Declination of the body
C. Altitude of the body
D. latitude of the observer
latitude of the
observer
The intercepted arc along the observer’s celestial meridian
between the celestial horizon and the elevated pole is equal to
the:
A. Azimuth of the body
B. latitude of the observer
C. polar distance
D. altitude of the body
latitude of the
observer
The Tropic of Cancer is a ____________. parallel of latitude
The Tropic of Capricorn is a _______________.
A. meridian
B. parallel of latitude
C. longitudeD. latitude
parallel of latitude
If the altitude of the elevated pole is 90 degrees, the ___.
A. Latitude of the observer is at the pole
B. Polar distance is also 90 degrees
C. Declination is indeterminate
D. Polar distance equals the declination
Latitude of the
observer is at the
pole
A parallel of latitude other than the equator is a ____________.
A. great circle
B. gnomonic curve
C. small circle
D. loxodromic curve
small circle
In the Celestial Equator System of coordinates, when the body’s
diurnal circle coincides with the celestial equator, the altitude
during upper transit will be equal to the:
A. Azimuth
B. Latitude
C. Declination
D. co-Latitude
co-Latitude
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A plane that cuts the Earth’s surface at any angle and passes
through the center will always form________.
A. a small circle
B. a meridian
C. a great circle
D. the equator
A great circle
A plane that cuts the Earth surface at any angle and passes
through the center will always form ________________.
A. a loxodromic curve
B. a meridian
C. the equator
D. a small circle
a meridian
The value of the intercepted arc of a meridian between the
elevated pole and the observer’s zenith is known as ____.
A. Co-latitude
B. Meridian angle
C. Polar distance
D. Zenith distance
co-Latitude
The distance between any two meridians measured along a
parallel of latitude:A. decreases as DLO increases
B. decreases with increased latitude
C. increases in north latitude and decreases in south latitude
D. increases with increased latitude
decreases with
increased latitude
The distance between any two meridians measured along a
parallel of latitude and expressed in miles is
the________________.A. difference in longitude
B. meridian angle
C. departure
D. mid-longitude
departure
This is the celestial pole below the horizon of opposite name of the
latitude or the elevated pole.
A. Depressed pole
B. Nadir
C. Circumpolar pole
D. Centripetal pole
depressed pole
Plane that cuts the Earth surface and passes through the poles will
always form ____________.
a meridian
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A plane that cuts the Earth’s surface at any angle and passes
through the center will always form ________.
a great circle
The rhumbline distance is the same as the great circle distance in
which of the following?
A. Course 180° T when you cross the equatorB. Course 090° T in high latitudes
C. Course 045° T in low latitudes
D. The rhumbline distance is always longer than the great circle
distance
Course 180° T when
you cross the
equator
A great circle track provides the maximum saving in distance
on_______________.
easterly courses in
high latitudes
Which of the following is a characteristic of a rhumb line?
A. It plots as a straight line on a Lambert conformal chart
B. It cuts each meridian at the same angle
C. The course angle constantly changes to form the loxodromic
curve.
D. It is shortest distance between two points on the Earth
It cuts each
meridian at the
same angle
Each great circle on the Earth has a length of ________:
NOTE: 360° x 60 = 21,600 miles
21,600 miles
The distance to the nearest vertex from any point on a great circle
track cannot exceed ___________.
NOTE: 90° x 60 = 5,400 miles
5400 nautical miles
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CELESTIAL EQUATOR or
EQUINOCTIAL SYSTEM
Line d-d' = parallel of declination is a small circle.
Line Q-Q’ = celestial equator (equinoctial) is a great circle.
Parallel of declination is also known as the diurnal circle which is the
daily path of a celestial body.
Angle Q’- d’ = Declination
Angle Pn – d’ and Angle Ps – d’ = Co-declination or the Polar Distance
Line Pn-X-Ps = Hour Circles or Celestial meridians
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4400
All of the following arcs or angles can be measured in the Horizon
system of coordinates EXCEPT ______.
A. Amplitude
B. Declination
C. Altitude
D. Azimuth
Declination
What is a parallel of declination? A small circle on
the celestial sphere
parallel to the
celestial equator
In the celestial equator system of coordinates, latitude is
comparable to _________.
Declination
The GP of a body for a high altitude sight is determined from the
Greenwich hour angle and the ________.
declination
The angular distance measured along the hour circle to the diurnal
circle of the celestial point is known as:
A. Diurnal Angle
B. Hour angle of the point
C. Parallel of declination
D. Declination of the point
Declination of the
point
What is the equivalent of the meridians in the celestial system of
coordinates?
Hour circles
The angle measured from the elevated pole along the hour circle
to the diurnal circle passing by the body is called:
Polar Distance
What is the equivalent of the co-altitude in the celestial equator
system of coordinates?
Polar distance
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HORIZON SYSTEM
Line h-h' = Parallel of altitude or altitude circle
Line Hn-Hs = Celestial horizon
Angle Hs- h’ = Altitude
Angle Z – h’ = Co-altitude or the Zenith Distance
Line Z-X-Na = Vertical Circle
NOTE: A small circle on the celestial sphere parallel to the horizon connecting all points of
equal altitude. Also known as almucantar; altitude circle or parallel of altitude. Two stars
which have the same almucantar have the same altitude.
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A body at the observer’s zenith will have a/an ____.
A. Azimuth of 090
B. Altitude of 90°
C. Declination of 90°
D. Amplitude of 45
Altitude of 90°
In the horizon system of coordinates, latitude is equivalentto______.
Altitude
In the horizon system of coordinate, longitude is equivalent to
_______.
Azimuth angle
The radius of the almucantar is equal to the ______.
A. co-altitudeB. amplitude
C. altitude
D. declination
co-altitude
The radius of a circle of equal altitude of a body is equal to the
_________________.
A. Co-altitude of the body
B. altitude of the body
C. co-declination of the bodyD. polar distance
Co-altitude of the
body
The intercepted arc of a vertical circle between the celestial
horizon and the almucantar is called the _____.
A. Rational horizon
B. Amplitude of the celestial body
C. Altitude circle of the body
D. Altitude of the celestial body
Altitude of the
celestial body
The horizontal direction of a celestial point from a terrestrial point
expressed as the angular distance from a reference direction is
called ______ :
A. hour angle
B. right ascension
C. azimuth
D. bearing
azimuth
The intercepted arc of the horizon between the principal vertical
circle and the vertical circle passing through the body when rising
or setting is called _____.
A. amplitude
B. azimuth
C. zenith distance
D. altitude
azimuth
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4433
When the azimuth is measured from north or south and labeled
accordingly, it is called:
azimuth angle
In working out a local apparent noon sight for your latitude, you
subtract the Ho from 90°. The 90° represents the angular distance
from _____________________.
your horizon to
your zenith
The DLAT between the geographic position of a celestial body and
your position, at the time of upper transit, is represented by
________.
Zenith distance
The radius of a circle of equal altitude of a body is equal to:
A. geographical positionB. declination
C. polar distance
D. zenith distance
zenith distance
When the azimuth is measured from east or west and labeled
accordingly, it is called:
A. azimuth angle
B. hour angle
C. amplitudeD. bearing
amplitude
The rudder is hard over, full ahead in shallow water. How much
lift force remains when the engine is stopped?
about 10 %
The rudder is hard over, full ahead in deep water. How much lift
force remains when the engine stopped?
About 20%
When a conventional rudder is put hard over it creates a lift force
and a drag force. When the ship has started to turn, how much lift
force do you think remains if the rudder-angle is decreased to 20
degrees from hard over position (35 degrees)?
about 80 %
The pivoting point of a vessel going ahead is __________. about one-third of
the vessel's length
from the bow
The wind blowing up on an incline as a result of surface heating is
______.
NOTE: Anabatic = Up
Katabatic = Down
anabatic wind
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NOTE: “ HELION ” refers to the SUN
“GEE” refers to the MOON
PERI is NearPERI = near (PERInear = Sobrang Lapit)
PeriHelion = earth Near the Sun >>> January
PeriGee = earth Near the Moon
AP is Away or Far
AP = far (APfar = Sobrang Layo)
ApHelion = earth Away or Far from the Sun >>> July
ApoGee = earth Away or Far from the Moon
The Earth is closest to the sun in what month?
A. July
B. October
C. AprilD. January
January
The sun is at Perihelion during month of ______________.
A. July
B. October
C. April
D. January
January
In each planet’s orbit, the point nearest the sun is called:
A. perigee
B. apogee
C. perihelion
D. aphelion
perihelion
The sun is closest to the earth in what month?
A. April
B. October
C. January
D. July
January
The Earth is farthest from the sun in what month?
A. July
B. October
C. April
D. January
July
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The sun is at Aphelion during the month of :
A. July
B. October
C. April
D. January
July
The visible diameter of the sun as seen from the Earth duringaphelion is _____.
A. 31.5’
B. 36.0’
C. 32.0’
D. 32.6’
31.5’
The visible diameter of the sun as seen from the Earth during
perihelion is _____.A. 32.6’
B. 32.0’
C. 31.5’
D. 30.0’
32.6’
The Sun at the maximum declination north would be
approximately at ________________.
A. first point of AriesB. autumnal equinox
C. perihelion
D. aphelion
aphelion
The period of the Earth revolution from perihelion to perihelion is
the ____________.
anomalistic year
In a moon’s orbit, the point nearest the sun is called:
A. apogee
B. perigee
C. aphelion
D. perihelion
perigee
In a moon’s orbit, the point farthest from the sun is called:
A. apogee
B. perigee
C. aphelion
D. perihelion
apogee
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The Moon appears larger in diameter at the zenith than when near
the horizon. What is this called?
A. Horizontal Parallax
B. Libration
C. Augmentation
D. Parallax in altitude
Augmentation
What is the term used to identify the violent intense cold wind
laden with snow mostly or entirely picked up from the ground?
A. cold front
B. foehn
C. fall wind
D. blizzard
blizzard
As the propeller turns, voids are formed on the trailing and leading
edges of the propeller blades causing a loss of propulsiveefficiency, pitting of the blades, and vibration. These voids are
known as __________.
cavitation
TIDES and CURRENTS
≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈ (c ) Level of water
(b) to ( c ) = ( e ) Height of Tide
__________________________ (b)Tidal Datum or Chart sounding Datum
( a) to (b) = ( d) Charted Depth
======================== (a) Sea bed or Sea bottom
( See F1 Book page TC – 4 )
The height of the tide is the ______________. difference between
the depth of the
water and areatidal datum
All depths indicated on charts are reckoned from some selected
levels of the water called______.
A. chart sounding datum
B. chart datum
C. mean high water
D. mean low water
chart sounding
datum
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Neap tides occurs only________________.
A. when the Moon is at quadrature
B. when the Sun, Moon and Earth are in line
C. at approximately 28-day intervals
D. at new or full moon
when the Moon is
at quadrature
Spring tides occur_________________.
A. when the Sun and Moon are at approximately 90-deg. to
each other as seen from the Earth
B. at the start of spring, when the Sun is nearly over the
equator
C. when the Sun, Moon and Earth are nearly in line, in any
order
D. only when the Sun and Moon are on the same side of the
earth and nearly in line
when the Sun,
Moon and Earth are
nearly in line, in any
order
The velocity of a rotary tidal current will be decreased when the
Moon is ______________.
at apogee
Mean low water is the average height of_________________.
A. high waters and low waters
B. all low watersC. the lower of the two daily tides
D. the surface of the sea
all low waters
When the moon is new or full, what type of tide occurs? Spring
Current refers to the _____________________. horizontal
movement of thewater
The movement of water away from shore or downstream is called
a (n) ______________.
ebb current
In some river mouths and estuaries the incoming high-tide wave
crest overtakes the preceding low-tide trough. This results in a wall
of water proceeding upstream, and is called a___________.
A. bore
B. seiche
C. boundary wave
D. surge
bore
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This is the high tide wave that abruptly move up to the river of
peculiar configuration or location and may present hazards to
shipping.
bore
This term refers to a heavenly body which has two meridian
passages one above and one below the elevated pole.
A. Bi-polar
B. Circumpolar
C. Elevated Pole
D. Center polar
circumpolar
What usually accompanies high pressure areas?
A. Humid sticky weatherB. Cool fog
C. Clear cool weather
D. Precipitation
NOTE: “HIGH PRESSURE AREAS” = areas of good weather
Clear cool weather
The average long term meteorological condition of a place or
region is called _____.
A. meteorological condition
B. climatic condition
C. climate
D. weather
climate
In reading a weather map, high winds will be indicated by ______.
NOTE: Closely spaced or steep pressure gradient means
high or strong winds.
Closely spaced
pressure gradient
lines
The dense black cumulonimbus clouds surrounding the eye of a
hurricane are called:
cloud walls
The Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (I.T.C.Z.) is generally
associated with :
Cloudy and
showery weather
Chart intended for inshore coastwise navigation where the course
may lie inside outlying reefs and shoals, for entering and leaving
harbour is called _______.
A. sailing chart
B. general chart
C. harbour chart
D. coastal chart
coast chart
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FRONTAL SYSTEM
-RED HALF CIRCLES = WARM FRONT
-BLUE TRIANGLES = COLD FRONT
-ALTERNATE PURPLE TRIANGLES AND HALF CIRCLES =
OCCLUDED FRONT
-cold air displaces warm air = cold front-warm air displaces cold air = warm front
-cold front overtaking warm front = occluded front
A boundary between two masses is a _______________.
A. front
B. isobar
C. lapse rate
D. continent
front
What is TRUE about a front?
A. There are abrupt pressure differences across a front.
B. It is a boundary between two air masses.
C. All of these
D. There are temperature differences on opposite sides of a
front.
All of these
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An air mass is termed warm if:
A. it originated in a low pressure area
B. it originated in a high pressure area
C. it is above 70º F
D. the ground over which it moves is cooler than the mass
the ground over
which it moves is
cooler than the
mass
This is an extensive body of air with fairly uniform (horizontal)
physical properties, especially temperature and humidity.
A. Pressure gradient
B. Cold front
C. Warm front
D. Air mass
air mass
The low pressure enclosed by one or more isobars is called: Frontal depression
The resultant of the commencement of the air when it forces its
way to the cold air:
frontal depression
On a weather map, warm fronts are drawn as ____________.
A. a solid red line
B. a solid purple line
C. a solid blue lineD. a solid band of red and blue line
a solid red line
On a weather map, a stationary front is represented as _________.
A. blue lines
B. alternating red and blue lines with circles and triangles
C. alternating red and blue lines with half circles and triangles
D. red lines
alternating red and
blue lines with half
circles and triangles
On a weather map, warm fronts are drawn as _________.
A. a solid red line with half circles
B. a solid red line with triangles
C. a solid blue line with half circles
D. a solid blue line with triangles
a solid red line with
half circles
This term is applied to the closing of the isobars at a front which
means that the activity at the front is increasing with a deepening
of the depression or more likely the formation of a secondary
depression.
A. Secondary depression
B. Photogenesis
C. Frontolysis
D. Frontogenesis
Frontogenesis
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This term is applied to spreading of the isotherms at a front, which
means that the front is less active and the depression will be
filling.
Frontolysis
Frontolysis occurs when ___________. the isobars are
cyclonic
This term is applied to spreading of the isotherms at a front, which
means that the front is less active and the depression will be
filling.
A. Secondary depression
B. Photogenesis
C. Frontolysis
D. Frontogenesis
Frontolysis
In the Northern hemisphere, gusty winds shifting clockwise, a
rapid drop in temperature, thunderstorms or rain squalls. In
summer ( frequent rain/snow squalls in winter) then a rise in
pressure followed by clearing skies, indicate the passage of a (n) :
NOTE: Descriptions during the passage of a cold front are
somewhat BIGLA!!! Or PANGGULAT!!! Like gusty winds, rapiddrop, thunderstorm, etc… Then after passage of cold front,
generally comes good weather, gaganda na ang panahon like…
rise in pressure followed by clearing skies…
Cold front
After a cold front passes the barometric pressure usually ____.
A. remains the same
B. fluctuates
C. remains the same, with clouds forming rapidly
D. rises, often quite rapidly, with clearing skies
rises, often quite
rapidly, with
clearing skies
Squall lines with an almost unbroken line of threatening black
clouds and sharp changes in wind direction, generally a/an _____.
A. fast-moving cold front
B. slow-moving warm front
C. stationary front
D. occluded front
Note: Description of cold fronts: Brief, short, sudden, sharp…
fast-moving cold
front
When cold air displaces warm air you have a/an:
NOTE: cold air displaces warm air = cold front
warm air displaces cold air = warm front
cold front overtaking warm front = occluded front
cold front
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Which weather change accompanies the passage of a cold front in
the Northern Hemisphere?
A line of
cumulonimbus
clouds
In the northern hemisphere, wind is veering sharply to the west or
northwest with increasing velocity are indications that a ______.
cold front has
passed
An occluded front is usually caused by a ______.
NOTE: cold air displaces warm air = cold front
warm air displaces cold air = warm front
cold front overtaking warm front = occluded front
cold front
overtaking a warm
front
On a weather map, the half circles in a stationary front are
pointing towards _____.
A. low pressure area
B. high pressure area
C. warmer air
D. colder air
colder air
The movement of a cyclone tends to be: Parallel to theisobars in their
warm sectors
After the passage of a cold front, the barometric pressure: rises, and the
temperature drops
What happens to the pressure and wind as the cold front passes
the place of the observer?
A. Pressure rises and wind become gusty
B. Pressure drops and wind calms
C. Pressure drops and wind calms
D. Pressure drops and wind become steady
Pressure rises andwind become gusty
As a cold front passes an observer, pressure _______.
A. drops and winds become variable
B. rises and winds become variable
C. rises and winds become gusty
D. drop and winds become gusty
rises and winds
become variable
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The first indications a mariner will have of the approach of a
warm front will be:
A. large cumulonimbus (thunderclouds) building up
B. high cirrus clouds gradually changing to cirrostratus and
then to altostratus
C. low dark clouds accompanied by intermittent rain
D. fog caused by the warm air passing over the cooler water
high cirrus clouds
gradually changing
to cirrostratus and
then to altostratus
Clouds appearing in the following order: cirrus, cirrostratus,
altostratus, status, and nimbostratus usually indicate the approach
of a (n) ______________.
A. occluded front
B. warm front
C. cold front
D. medium front
warm front
Which of the following is a characteristic of the weather preceding
an approaching warm front?
A. decreasing relative humidity
B. clearing skies
C. steadily falling barometric pressure
D. gusty winds
NOTE: On the other hand, an approaching warm front means bad
weather is coming…
steadily falling
barometric
pressure
Steady precipitation is a typical of __________. A warm front
weather condition
On a weather map, triangles are pointing toward the _______.
A. warmer air
B. colder air
C. high pressure area
D. low pressure area
warmer air
A warm front marks the region _________________: where a warm air is
replacing cold air
On the approach of a warm front, barometric pressure usually :
A. falls
B. remains steady
C. is uncertain
D. rises
falls
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Which of the following is typical of warm front weather
conditions?
A. scattered cumulus clouds
B. a wind shift from southwest to northwest
C. steady precipitation
D. a steady barometer
steady precipitation
The slope of a warm front is about: 1 mile vertically to
150 miles
horizontally
The final stage of the development of a cyclone is called a (n)
__________.
Occluded front
This is a kind of front which appears on weather maps as a solid
purple line with at alternating triangles and half circles.
occluded front
In the last stages of the extra-tropical cyclone, the closing of its
warm sector by an overtaking cold front which races about the
system’s center is called:
Occlusion
A stationary front is a ______________.
I. cold front
II. Warm front
Either I or II
In the Southern Hemisphere, the westerlies blow throughout the
year steadily approaching that of the trade winds. These are called
the ______.
A. roaring forties
B. prevailing westerlies
C. horse latitudes
D. polar winds
roaring forties
______ refers to any change of permanent magnet or soft iron
correctors to reduce normal compass errors.
A. compass correction
B. compass adjustment and compensation
C. compass adjustment
D. compass compensation
compass
adjustment
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When a vessel’s degaussing coils are energized, the magnetic field
of the vessel is completely altered. This introduces large deviations
in the magnetic compasses. This is then removed by introducing at
the magnetic compass an equal and opposite force with energized
coils by a process known:
A. Compass adjustment
B. Compass compensationC. Degaussing compensation
D. Deviation adjustment
Compass
compensation
The term used to identify the semi-circular deviation which is
proportional to the cosine of the compass heading, where it is
maximum on the North or South and zero on East or West heading
is:
NOTE: Sine of compass heading = Coefficient B
Cosine of compass heading = Coefficient C
Sine Twice of compass heading = Coefficient D
Cosine Twice of compass heading = Coefficient E
Coefficient “C”
What is the semi-circular deviation which is proportional to the
sine of the compass heading?
Coefficient B
A relatively low pressure neck between two cyclones is called
______.
col
What causes an air particle to be deflected to the right of its line of
motion in the North Hemisphere and to the left of its line of
motion in the South Hemisphere?
Coriolis Force
What is the apparent force that causes a deflection of ocean
current to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to left in the
Southern hemisphere?
Coriolis force
WIND CIRCULATION:
“ NLCC” >>> N.H. > L.P. > Counter Clockwise Inward
N.H. > H.P. > Clockwise Outward
S.H. > L.P. > Clockwise Inward
S.H. > H.P. > Counter Clockwise Outward
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What is the wind circulation around a high pressure (H.P.) center
in the S. Hemisphere(S.H.)?
Counterclockwise
and moving
outwards from the
high
Present weather is sunny with a steady barometer. A low swell approaches your vessel from the south with crests passing at
relatively long periods of about four per minute. This usually
indicates __________.
a tropical cyclonesouth of your vessel
What classification of tropical cyclone would have closed isobars,
counter clockwise rotary circulation, and sustained winds between
34 and 63 knots?
A tropical storm
Which condition exists in the eye of a hurricane?
A. Wind rapidly changing in direction
B. Towering cumulonimbus clouds
C. A temperature much lower than that outside the eye
D. An extremely low barometric pressure
An extremely low
barometric
pressure
This is the angle, which the wind makes with the isobars. angle of indraught
A relatively thin shell of air, water vapor, and suspended
particulates surrounding the earth is called _____.
A. stratosphere
B. troposphere
C. ionosphere
D. atmosphere
atmosphere
In weather analysis, the approach of a storm is through
observation of wind, waves, swell and the ______.
A. storm surge
B. atmospheric pressure
C. storm tide
D. storm wave
atmospheric
pressure
The principal guide to the state of the atmosphere at any given
time is the ______.
atmospheric
pressure
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The inner cloud bands of a hurricane, when viewed from a
distance, form a mass of dense, black cumulonimbus clouds called
the ______________.
bar of the storm
Atmospheric pressure is measured by a _____.
A. hygrometerB. barometer
C. aneroid barometer
D. mercurial barometer
barometer
The daily recurring pattern of pressure changes most noticeable in
low latitudes is the __________.
diurnal variation of
pressure
What do the numbers on isobars indicate? barometric
pressure
This is the outward force from the center of high or low pressure.
A. foehn wind force
B. gradient force
C. coriolis force
D. cyclostrophic force
cyclostrophic force
Which star is at the head of the Northern Cross?
A. Alioth
B. Alkaid
C. Denebola
D. Deneb
Deneb
One of the two pointers in the Ursa Minor pointing to Polaris is:
A. Alphecca
B. Alioth
C. Kochab
D. Dubhe
NOTE: Ursa MINOR = Kochab
Ursa MAJOR = Dubhe
Kochab
One of the two stars pointing to Polaris in the Ursa Major is:
a. Dubhe
b. Kochab
c. Alphecca
d. Alioth
Dubhe
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One of the stars pointing to the Southern Cross is the:
A. Canopus
B. Procyon
C. Hadar
D. Rigel
Hadar
Northern lights are also called _______.
NOTE: “AURORA” means Light
BOREALIS refers to North
AUSTRALIS refers to South
Hence, Aurora Borealis is Northern Light
Aurora Australis is Southern Light
aurora borealis
A complex mirage due to objects generally magnified and
distorted is ______.
fata morgana
This is a complex mirage characterized by marked distortion on
objects, magnified and at times, even multiplied generally in the
vertical and even appeared towering.
A. superior mirage
B. inferior mirage
C. fata morgana
D. spectrum
fata morgana
A circular band of the sky extending 8 degrees on each side of theecliptic is called:
A. constellation
B. zodiac
C. solstice
D. zodiacal belt
zodiac
A faint glow observed extending upward along the ecliptic before
sunrise and after sunset is called ______.A. gegenschein
B. halo
C. corona
D. zodiacal light
zodiacal light
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This is a faint cone of light which extends upward from the horizon
along the ecliptic after sunset or before sunrise
A. gegenschein
B. counterglow
C. zodiacal light
D. twilight
zodiacal light
The angle between the magnetic meridian and the axis of a
compass card expressed in degrees east or west to indicate to
indicate which direction is the compass card offset from the
magnetic north is called ______.
A. magnetic dip
B. deviation angle
C. deviation
D. variation
deviation
What is the most elusive factor of a magnetic compass which
change with every direction given to the ships heading?
A. compass error
B. course error
C. deviation
D. variation
deviation
Pressure Gradient is a _______________.
A. difference in pressure in unit distance measured at right
angles to the isobars
B. Line joining places having equal pressure
C. Kind of gradient wind
D. Daily change in barometric pressure
difference inpressure in unit
distance measured
at right angles to
the isobars
This is the term used to identify the instance when an electronic
wave is partially obstructed from two different places.
A. refraction
B. ionization
C. diffraction
D. interference
diffraction
It is the angle between the grid and magnetic meridian at anyplace.
A. Deviation
B. grivation
C. inclination
D. dip
NOTE: GRID Variation or Grivation
Dip (but correctanswer should be
grivation)
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What procedure do you use when placing lines from two different
vessels on the same bollard?
Dipping the eye
In evening observations, the first stars to be observed are those
with azimuth in what quadrant?
NOTE: Either evening or morning observations:
the first stars to be observed = Eastern
the last stars to be observed = Western
Eastern
The path of the sun appears to take among the stars due to the
annual revolution of the earth in its orbit is called ______.
A. declinationB. elliptic
C. ecliptic
D. diurnal circle
ecliptic
At meridian passage, the bearing of the body will be:
A. South
B. North
C. neither North nor SouthD. either North or South
either North or
South
The difference between local apparent time (LAT) and local mean
time (LMT) is indicated by the_______.
A. zone description
B. longitude in time units
C. difference of longitude between the local and central
meridian in time unitsD. equation of time
equation of time
A group of stars close together forming a striking
configuration such as a person or animal is called _________.
Constellation
A large group of stars revolving around a center is known
as a :
A. Universe
B. Constellation
C. Star Clouds
D. Galaxy
Galaxy
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A vast collection cluster of stars and clouds of gas is called:
A. Universe
B. Constellation
C. Star Clouds
D. Galaxy
Galaxy
Milky Way is a term associated with ___________.
A. Universe
B. Constellation
C. Star Clouds
D. Galaxy
Galaxy
A cloudy patch of matter in the heavens within the galaxy of
which the sun is a part is called:
A. Globular cluster
B. Galactic nebula
C. Super nova
D. Extra galactic nebula
Galactic Nebula
A cloudy patch of matter in the heavens outside the galaxy iscalled _____.
A. Open cluster
B. Gegenschein
C. Extragalactic nebula
D. Nova star
Extragalactic nebula
In the Horizon system of coordinates, the arc of the horizon
measured from the East point of the horizon in a direction
towards the Principal Vertical circle through the North Celestial
Pole will give an amplitude in which quadrant?
A. Third Quadrant
B. Fourth Quadrant
C. First QuadrantD. Second Quadrant
First Quadrant
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MAJOR CIRCLES OF EARTH MARKED BY THE PATH OF THE SUN
NORTH POLE ------- 90° 00’ N
North F r igid Zone
ARCTIC CIRCLE ----------------------------------- 66° 33’ N
North Temperate Zone
TROPIC OF CANCER-------------------------------------------------23° 27’ N
North Torr id Zone
EQUATOR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0° 00’
South Torr id Zone
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN ------------------------------------------23° 27’ S
South Temperate Zone
ANTARCTIC CIRCLE ----------------------------66° 33’ S
South Fr igid Zone
SOUTH POLE--------- 90° 00’ S
NOTE: There are instances that the Latitude of Tropic of Cancer or Tropic ofCapricorn appears to be 23°26’ N or S.
The areas inside the polar circles are called ______.
A. polar circles
B. torrid zone
C. temperate zone
D. frigid zone
frigid zone
Places situated in Lat 30° N are within the:
A. North Frigid Zone
B. limits of the polar circles
C. North Temperate Zone
D. Torrid Zone
North Temperate
Zone
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Places situated in Lat 30° N are within the _____________. North Temperate
Zone
The Arctic Circle marks the___________________.
A. southern limit of the north temperate zone
B. the southern limit of the south temperate zoneC. northern limit of the north temperate zone or southern limit
of the north frigid zone
D. northern limit of the south temperate zone
northern limit of
the north
temperate zone orsouthern limit of
the north frigid
zone
The Antarctic circle marks the________________________.
A. southern limit of the south temperate zone
B. northern limit of the south temperate zone
C. southern limit of the north temperate zoneD. northern limit of the north temperate zone
northern limit of
the south
temperate zone
The tropic of Capricorn marks the _____________________. northern limit of
the south
temperate zone
The Arctic Circle marks the________________. southern limit ofthe north frigid
zone
The regions between the frigid zones and the torrid zones are
called ______.
A. polar regions
B. temperate zones
C. Antarctic regionsD. Arctic regions
temperate zones
Everywhere between the parallels of about 23° 26’ North and 23°
26’ South, the Sun is directly overhead during the year. This area is
called the:
A. temperate zone
B. torrid zone
C. polar circles
D. frigid zone
torrid zone
The tropic of Capricorn marks the southern limit of the : Torrid Zone
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It is the atmosphere in the vicinity of a low pressure area = cycloneNOTE: “CYCLONE” = Low Pressure (Bad weather)
“ANTI-CYCLONE” = High Pressure (Good Weather)
(ANTI means opposite)
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The navigable semi-circle of a storm in the Northern hemisphere is
that area of the storm measured __________.
NOTE: “N-D-R” >>>>>> N.H. >> Dangerous >> Right
N.H. >> Navigable >> Left
S.H. >> Dangerous >> LeftS.H. >> Navigable >> Right
Storm Path
↖
Navigable ↖ Dangerous
Semi-circle ↖ Semi-circle
↖
Storm Track
From the direction
of the storm
movement
counterclockwise
The typhoon track is the line which a typhoon :
NOTE: Typhoon PATH = forecasted to pass “dadaanan pa lang”
Typhoon TRACK = already passed “nadaanan na!”
Has already passed
The typhoon path is the line in which a typhoon : Is forecasted topass
The dangerous semi-circle of a typhoon in the Northern
Hemisphere is the area:
to the right of the
storm track
The navigable semicircle of a typhoon in the SouthernHemisphere is the area:
to the right of thestorm track
You are attempting to locate your position with reference to a
hurricane center in the Northern Hemisphere. If the wind
direction remains steady, but with diminishing velocity, you are
most likely.
NOTE:
1. wind direction remains steady, but with diminishing
velocity = on the storm track behind the center
2. wind direction remains steady, but with increasing
velocity = on the storm path ahead
3. wind is veering = dangerous semi-circle
4. wind is backing = navigable semi-circle
on the storm track
behind the center
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It is the atmosphere in the vicinity of a low pressure area.
NOTE: “CYCLONE” = Low Pressure (Bad weather)
“ANTI-CYCLONE” = High Pressure (Good Weather)
(ANTI means opposite)
cyclone
Which of the following conditions does not indicate an
approaching tropical storm?
A. Halos about the sun or moon
B. Long high swells
C. Decrease in wind velocity
D. Cirrus clouds
Decrease in wind
velocity
In the Northern Hemisphere, the largest waves or swells created
by a typhoon or hurricane will be located:
Forward and to the
right of its course
What kind of conditions would your observe as the eye of a storm
passes over your vessel position?
A. Flat calm seas, heavy rain, light winds and an extremely low
barometerB. Huge waves approaching from all directions, clearing skies,
light winds and an extremely low barometer.
C. Huge waves approaching from all directions, clearing skies,
light winds and high pressure
D. Flat calm seas, heavy rain, light winds and high pressure
Huge waves
approaching from
all directions,
clearing skies, lightwinds and an
extremely low
barometer
A wind speed of 63 knots and above in the Beaufort scale
indicates:
Hurricane
A hurricane moving northeast out of the Gulf passes west of your
position. You could expect all of the following EXCEPT _______?
Light showers
What kind of pressure systems travel in easterly waves? Low pressure
In the relatively calm area near the hurricane center, the seas
are___________.
A. calm
B. mountainous and confused
C. mountainous but fairly regular as far as direction is
concerned
D. moderate but easily navigated
mountainous and
confused
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The edge of a hurricane has overtaken your vessel in the Gulf of
Mexico, and the northwest wind of a few hours ago has shifted to
the west. This is an indication that you are located in the
__________.
Navigable
semicircle
If you are in the Northern Hemisphere and experience backingwinds in a tropical cyclone, you are in the ________.
navigable semi-circle
The largest waves or swells created by a typhoon or hurricane will
be located:
A. In the southeast quadrant of the storm
B. Directly behind the storm center
C. Behind and to the left of its courseD. forward and to the right of its course
forward and to the
right of its course
What is the usual characteristic of anticyclones?
NOTE:
“ANTI-CYCLONE” = High Pressure (Good Weather)
(ANTI means opposite)
Dry fair weather
Anticyclones are usually characterized by _____________. Dry, fair weather
A tropical wave is usually preceded by _________.
A. heavy rain
B.
heavy seas
C. good weather
D. tropical storms
good weather
The direction of surface wind is: From high pressure
toward low
pressure deflected
by the earth’s
rotation
If an extremely cold air from shore passes over warmer water,
what would occur?
frost smoke
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A belt of low pressure at the earth’s surface near the equator is
called _____.
A. meteorological equator
B. equatorial doldrums
C. doldrums
D. equatorial belt
doldrums
The diurnal pressure variation is most noticeable in the
_________.
A. doldrums
B. horse latitudes
C. roaring forties
D. polar regions
doldrums
Where is the diurnal pressure variation most noticeable?
A. doldrums
B. horse latitudes
C. roaring forties
D. polar regions
Doldrums
Which of the following will act to dissipate fog?
A. Rain that is warmer than air
B. Upwelling cold water
C. Down slope motion of an air mass along a coast
D. Advection of warm air over a colder surface
Down slope motion
of an air mass alonga coast
Frost smoke will occur when ___________.
A. extremely cold air from shore passes over warmer waterB. warm dry air from shore passes over cooler water
C. cold ocean water evaporates into warm water
D. cool rain passes through a warm air mass
extremely cold air
from shore passes
over warmer water
A tropical wave is located 200 miles due west of your position,
which is north of the equator. Where will the wave be located 24
hours later?
A. farther away to the west
B. farther away to the east
C. closer and to the east
D. farther away to the west
farther away to the
west
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The air temperature is dropping and is approaching the dew point.
Which type of weather should be forecasted?
fog
Which is TRUE about Light Lists?
A. furnishes complete information about navigation lights and
other navigational aidsB. replace charts and sailing directions
C. they do not supplement but replaces charts and sailing
directions
D. determine the characteristics of all navigational aids
furnishes complete
information about
navigation lightsand other
navigational aids
Chart intended for coastwise navigation outside of outlying reefs
and shoals is called______.
A. sailing chart
B. general chart
C. harbour chart
D. coastal chart
general chart
Chart with a natural scale of 1:180,000 is classified as a:
A. sailing chartB. general chart
C. harbour chart
D. coastal chart
General chart
When land is within sight, navigating on coastwise outside outlying
danger such as reefs and shoals, which nautical chart is to be
used?
A. coastal chart
B. sailing chart
C. harbor chart
D. general chart
general chart
What of the following describes the forecast for the next 24 hours
of wind, weather, and visibility for each coastal area and the latest
report from coastal stations?
A. Coastal weather report
B. Coastal
C. General synopsis
D. Coastal warnings
General synopsis
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A projection where points on the earth are transferred directly to
a plane and the origin of the projecting rays is the center of the
earth is called _______.
A. Stereographic
B. poluclonic
C. gnomonicD. orthographic
gnomonic
A projection where the plane is tangent to the earth and points
are projected geometrically from the center of the earth is called
______.
Gnomonic
This is a type of perspective azimuthal projection in which pointson the surface of a sphere are conceived as projected by radial
from the center to the tangent plane.
A. azimuthal projection
B. stereographic projection
C. conic projection
D. gnomonic projection
gnomonicprojection
A low HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision) number such as
2 indicates a ____.
A. good signal quality
B. poor signal quality
C. poor fix
D. good fix
good fix
During sunset, the refraction of light from the sun passing thru the
atmosphere is called:
green flash
What type of day mark (IALA-B) is used to mark the port side of
the channel when entering from sea?
A. Green square
B. Black and white diamond
C. red triangle
D. Red and white octagon
Green square
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Often expressed in time units, it is the arc between the hour circle
of the apparent sun and the lower branch of the Greenwich
meridian.
A. Local Apparent Time
B. Right Ascension
C. Greenwich Apparent TimeD. Greenwich Mean Time
Greenwich
Apparent Time
What is the equivalent of the longitudes in the celestial system of
coordinates?
Greenwich Hour
Angle
The error in a compass which indicates the direction in which the
axis of the compass is offset from true north is the ____.
A. compass error
B. deviation
C. gyro error
D. magnetic compass error
gyro error
If the isobars are curved, the wind blowing is called _____.
A. geostophotic windB. pressure gradient wind
C. gradient wind
D. geostropic wind
gradient wind
If the isobars are straight, the wind is called geostrophic and if it
curved it is called:
gradient wind
The greater the pressure difference between a high and a low
pressure center, the _______________.
Greater the force of
the wind will be
What kind of weather would you expect to accompany the
passage of a tropical wave?
A. dense fog
B. a tropical stormC. good weather
D. heavy rain and cloudiness
heavy rain and
cloudiness
Which factor is/are used in the charted information of a
lighthouse?
Height and intensity
of the light
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Geographical range of a light depends upon the:
A. height of the light
B. height of both the light and the observer
C. the visibility at the time
D. height of the observer
height of both the
light and the
observer
The difference in apparent position as viewed from the Earth and
the sun is known as _____.
A. Heliocentric parallax
B. Horizontal parallax
C. Geocentric parallax
D. Parallax in Altitude
NOTE: “HELION” also refers to the Sun.
Heliocentric
parallax
The diurnal pressure variation is commonly observed on the area
of:
A. roaring forties
B. doldrums
C. polar regions
D. horse latitude
horse latitude
Along the poleward side of each trade wind belt and
approximately with the belt of high pressure in each hemisphere is
a region with weak pressure gradients and correspondingly with
light, variable winds. These winds are called the ______.
A. trade winds
B. polar winds
C. horse latitudes
D. prevailing westerlies
horse latitudes
_______ is a measure of the atmosphere’s vapor content.
A. humidity
B. hygrometer
C. psychrometer
D. relative humidity
humidity
Which condition will occur after a cold front passes? Humidity decreases
A swift current occurring in a narrow passage connection large
bodies of water, which is produced by the continuously changing
difference in height of tide at the two ends of the passage, is called
a:
hydraulic current
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The scale on the chart is given as 1:5,000,000. This means that: I inch is equal to
5,000,000 inches on
the earth surface
When the radar waves are trapped in the atmosphere, which of
the following occurs?
A. increase of radar range
B. decrease of radar range
C. loss of energy to the radio waves
D. radar energy remained unchanged
increase of radar
range
The change in the length of the day becomes greater as latitude
increases because of the_________.
A. decreasing distance relative to the equator
B. increased obliquity of the Suns diurnal circle
C. path of the ecliptic relative to the equator
D. changing distance between the Earth and the Sun
increased obliquity
of the Suns diurnalcircle
Chart information details to be used in ECDIS should be the latest
edition of information originated by a government authorizedhydrographic office and conform to the standards of (the) :
International
HydrographicOrganization
The area in low latitudes in which the trade winds of the Northern
and Southern hemispheres converge is called:
Inter-tropical
Convergence Zone
The normal variation between the actual depth of water and theindicated depth on an electronic depth sounder due to water
conditions is on the side of safety. This would NOT be true in a
case when the water____________________.
A. is fresh
B. has high salinity
C. is extremely cold
D. is unusually warm
is extremely cold
An amplitude of the Sun in high latitudes___________.
A. is most accurate before sunset
B. should only be observed when the Sun lower limb is above
the horizon
C. is most accurate after sunset
D. is most accurate when the Sun center is observed on the
visible horizon
is most accurate
when the Sun
center is observed
on the visible
horizon
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The prefix “ISO” means “EQUAL” or the same.
ISOBAR = EQUAL PRESSURE
ISALLOBAR = EQUAL CHANGE OF PRESSUREISOHYET = EQUAL RAINFALL
ISODYNAMIC = EQUAL MAGNETIC INTENSITY
ISOHALINE = EQUAL SALINITY
ISOHEL = EQUAL SUNSHINE
ISOTHERM = EQUAL TEMPERATURE
At some distance above the earth’s surface, the wind tends toblow along lines connecting points of equal pressure called:
A. gradient force
B. doldrums
C. isobars
D. pressure gradient
siobars
Isallobar is a ________________.
A. line joining places having equal pressure
B. line joining places having an equal change of pressure C. line joining places having an equal height above sea level.
D. line joining places having equal temperature
NOTE: ISOBAR = PRESSURE
ISALLOBAR = CHANGE OF PRESSURE
line joining places
having an equal
change of pressure
A line connecting points of equal magnetic intensity.
A. isogram lineB. isoclinic line
C. isogonic line
D. isodynamic line
isodynamic line
Isohyet is a ________________.
A. line joining places having equal rainfall
B. line joining places having equal sunshine
C. line joining places having equal barometric pressureD. line joining places having equal temperature
line joining places
having equal
rainfall
Isohaline is a _____________________.
A. line joining places having equal salinity
B. line joining places having equal sunshine
C. line joining places having equal rainfall
D. line joining places having equal barometric pressure
line joining places
having equal
salinity
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Isohel is a ________________.
A. line joining places of equal sunshine
B. line joining places of equal rainfall
C. line joining places of equal barometric pressure
D. line joining places of equal temperature
line joining places
of equal sunshine
The line joining all places having the same temperature on
weather maps is called :
isotherm
On an isomagnetic chart, the agonic line indicates the _________. Points where there
is no variation
One of the advantages of a gyro compass over the magneticcompass is:
A. it does not seek the magnetic meridian
B. its directive force never change
C. it is run by electricity
D. its accuracy is unaffected by latitude
it does not seek themagnetic meridian
What do you call the current which is similar to the Gulf Stream
predominantly flows on north-north-easterly direction?
Kuroshio current
The trade winds is the wind you are likely to encounter in the
North Atlantic between:
Lat 5° and 30°
In the Buoyage system, this aids to indicate the sides of a
navigable channel, marks junctions and bifurcations in channels
and also marks the general safe centerline of wide bodies of
water.
A. cardinal system
B. separation scheme
C. lateral system
D. traffic flow system
NOTE: “LATERAL” refers to side.
lateral system
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A spherical buoy may be:
A. numbered
B. lettered
C. all of these
D. lighted
NOTE: Any buoy which can be placed at the center or middle of a
channel is “LETTERED”. Like a spherical buoy which implies a safe
water mark. Also for a preferred channel buoy, it is “LETTERED”.
For lateral marks, they are “NUMBERED”.
lettered
What is the phase of the moon when it rises about midnight and
sets at about noon?
A. Last quarterB. Full moon
C. First quarter
D. New moon
Last quarter
An irregularity in the motion of the Earth due to the disturbing
effect of other celestial bodies, principally the moon is called :
A. aberration
B. nutationC. augmentation
D. lunar pertuberance
NOTE: “LUNAR” refers to the moon.
lunar pertuberance
An instrument for indicating a horizontal difference relative to the
earth depending upon the magnetic attraction of the earth is
called :
A. gyroscopic deviceB. magnetic device
C. magnetic compass
D. gyro compass
magnetic compass
Deviation and variation are applied to the :
A. true north
B. magnetic north
C. gyro compassD. magnetic compass
magnetic compass
What is the angle the magnetic north measured clockwise to the
direction of the object being measured?
magnetic course or
bearing
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Deviation is caused by ___________. magnetic influence
inherent to that
particular vessel
It is the direction of the horizontal component of the earthmagnetic field running towards the north magnetic pole.
magnetic meridian
In what direction is the magnetic compass pointing if it is
influenced by the earth’s magnetic field and is free from the
magnetic influence of surrounding structures?
magnetic north
Variation in a compass is caused by____________.A. magnetism within the vessel
B. lack of oil in the compass bearings
C. magnetism from the earth magnetic field
D. worn gears in the compass housing
magnetism fromthe earth magnetic
field
Compass deviation is caused by__________.
A. misalignment of the compass
B. magnetism within the vesselC. a dirty compass housing
D. magnetism from the earth magnetic field
magnetism within
the vessel
All of the following arcs or angles can be measured in the Horizon
system of coordinates EXCEPT ______.
A. Co-altitude
B. Rising Amplitude
C. True AzimuthD. Meridian angle
Meridian angle
The difference in degrees between the GHA of the body and the
longitude of the observer is the _________.
Meridian angle
Climate is prevalent ________ condition of a place or region. Meteorological
The term gegenschein is associated with ________________.
A. stars
B. moon
C. planets
D. meteors
meteors
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Zodiacal light is related to _____________. meteors
A Pulse length is expressed in: micro-seconds
Asteroids lie chiefly between Mars and Jupiter and are considered _____.
A. Minor Planets
B. Inferior Planets
C. Outer Planets
D. Inner Planets
Minor Planets
What do you call the type of tide where the presence of a diurnal
wave is conspicuous by a large inequality in the heights of eitherthe two high tides or two low tides usually occurring each tidal
day?
mixed tides
A seasonal wind blowing from a large land mass to the ocean in
winter and in the opposite direction in summer is :
Monsoon
The Earth is the primary of the ______________.A. Moon
B. Venus
C. Sun
D. Jupiter
Note: Sun is the primary of Earth
Moon
Tropic tides are caused by the________________.
A. Moon being at perigee
B. Sun and Moon both being near 0-deg. declination
C. Moon crossing the equator
D. Moon being at its maximum declination
Moon being at its
maximumdeclination
To warp a vessel means to __________.
NOTE: “WARPING” means hauling lines by the use of winches.
move the vessel by
hauling on lines
____________ is a maritime radio warning system consisting of a
series of coast stations transmitting radio teletype safety
messages.
A. Digital Selective Calling (DSC)
B. AMVER
C. Maritime Safety Information (MSI)
D. NAVTEX
NAVTEX
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A wind speed of between 28 to 33 knots is called __________ in
the Beaufort scale?
Use Formula: v = 1.63 x B.Force^1.5
= 1.63 x 7^1.5
v = 30 knots (between 28 to 33 knots)
Near gale or force 7
Refraction is greatest when the celestial body is ________. Near the horizon
You are in the Northern Hemisphere and a tropical wave is located
east of your position. Where will the wave be located 12 hours
later:
Nearby to the east
In the Horizon System of coordinates, the arc of the horizon
measured from the West point of the horizon in a direction
towards the Principal Vertical circle through the North celestial
Pole will give an amplitude in which quadrant?
A. Fourth Quadrant
B. Second Quadrant
C. First QuadrantD. Third Quadrant
Fourth Quadrant
The horizontal intensity’s component along a geographic or true
meridian is the:
North component
What is the horizontal intensity component along a geographic or
true meridian?
North component
In magnetism, what is the region in which the lines of force leave
the iron?
North pole
If your weather bulletin shows the center of a low pressure area to
be 100 miles due east of your position, what winds can you expect
in the northern hemisphere?A. north to northwest
B. east to southeast
C. east to northeast
D. south to southeast
north to northwest
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According to Buys Ballot Law, when an observer in the Northern
Hemisphere (N.H.)experiences a northwest wind, the center of the
low pressure(L.P.) is located to the ____ .
Buys Ballot’s Law: ―N-L- R‖ > Facing the Wind: N.H >> L.P. to the Right
N.H. >> H.P. to the LeftS.H. >> L.P. to the LeftS.H. >> H.P. to the Right
Low Pressure is somewhat or slightly behind.High Pressure is somewhat or slightly ahead.
northeast
How would the pressure gradient between the horse latitudes and
doldrums run?
north-south
The pressure gradient between the horse latitudes and doldrums
runs _________ :
A. northwest-southwest
B. northeast-southeast
C. east-west
D. north-south
north-south
This is a rocky crag or small mountain projecting from and
surrounded by glacier or ice sheet.
A. Nunatak
B. Rime
C. Nilas
D. Sastrugi
Nunatak
What type projection is formed if a plane is tangent to the earth,and the points:
Oblique gnomonic
The celestial sphere as seen by an observer at Lat 30°N is called
the :
A. quadrantal sphere
B. oblique sphere
C. right sphere
D. parallel sphere
oblique sphere
The suns changing declination is caused by the :
A. earth rotation
B. obliquity of the ecliptic
C. precession of the equinoxes
D. earth annual revolution around the sun
obliquity of the
ecliptic
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Tropical cyclones do not form within 5° of the Equator because: of negligible
Coriolis force
Clouds may form when air moves across the surface of the earth
that is forced to ascend over a hill or mountain and thus cools
adiabatically are called ______.
orographic
This is the type of rain that falls on the weather side of a mountain
ranges and give some of the heaviest rain known:
orographic rain
A projections where points on the earth are transferred directly to
a plane and the projecting lines are parallel to each other is called :
Orthographic
This is an azimuthal type of projection, in which the projection
lines emanating from a point at infinity are perpendicular to a
tangent plane.
A. gnomonic chart
B. stereographic projection
C. orthographic projection
D. polyconic projection
orthographic
projection
In making compass adjustments at sea, which international flag
signal is hoisted?
A. Bravo
B. Quebec Oscar
C. Alpha
D. Oscar Quebec
Oscar Quebec
What are slightly curved lines between the low and adjacent high? parallel isobars
The celestial sphere as seen by an observer at the geographical
poles is called the:
A. quadrantal sphere
B. oblique sphere
C. right sphere
D. parallel sphere
parallel sphere
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At meridian transit, the diagram used by a navigator to illustrate
the angles involved is based on the________.
A. celestial equator as observed from above the south celestial
pole
B. plane of the Greenwich meridian
C. plane of the observers meridian
D. celestial equator as observed from above the south celestialpole
plane of the
observers meridian
The deposit on the earth’s surface of water in liquid or solid state
or a combination of both is called ______.
NOTE: The following are kind of precipitation:
1. rain
2. hail (with ice pellets)3. drizzle
4. snow
5. sleet (combination of rain and snow)
precipitation
Any or all forms of water particles whether liquid or solid that fall
from the atmosphere and reach the ground is _____.
A. rain
B. precipitationC. sleet
D. snow
precipitation
Pressure gradient is a measure of ______________. pressure difference
over horizontal
distance
A change in pressure with horizontal distance is called ____.
A. isobaric pressure
B. isobaric gradient
C. pressure gradient
D. pressure gradient force
pressure gradient
A resultant force of high and low pressure is: Pressure gradient
force
The change of pressure with distance, the change of atmospheric
pressure per unit horizontal distance, measured along a normal to
the isobars is ______.
pressure gradient
force
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The atmospheric pressure change is termed ______. pressure tendency
On the poleward side of the high pressure belt in both
hemispheres, the atmospheric pressure again diminishes. The
wind in motion moves towards the poles and diverted by theearth’s rotation toward the east. This wind system is called
_______.
prevailing
westerlies
What is the airflow along the poleward side of the high pressure
belt in each hemisphere diverted by the earth rotation towards
the east?
Prevailing
westerlies
MARINE SEXTANT
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One complete turn of the drum of the sextant moves the index
arm ________ along the arc.
A. 1/10th of a degree
B. 1 second of arc
C. 1 minute of arc
D. 1 degree
1 degree
When the faces of the sextant shade glasses and mirrors are not
parallel, the error is called:
A. graduation error
B. centering error
C. index error
D. prismatic error
prismatic error
The principle of a sextant is that, when a plane surface reflects a
light ray, the angle of reflection equals the angle of :
A. plane surface
B. light ray
C. the body
D. incidence
incidence
The movable arm of the sextant is the:A. release vernier
B. micrometer drum
C. tangent screw
D. index arm
index arm
The error remaining in the sextant after the navigator has
removed side error, perpendicularity error and collimation error is:
index error
Which of the following is a non-adjustable sextant error?
A. prismatic error
B. all of these
C. centering error
D. graduation error
all of these
Which of the following is adjustable sextant error?
A. perpendicularity error
B. all of these
C. index error
D. side error
all of these
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The use of a marine sextant is/are:
A. measure vertical angles to find the range of an object of
known height
B. measure the altitudes of celestial bodies above the visible
horizon
C. measures the angle between two points by bringing them
into coincidenceD. all of these
all of these
What happens because of augmentation?
A. The horizon appears elevated when observing a bright Sun
or Moon at low altitudes
B. The Moon appears larger at the full Moon
C. The Moon appears larger as the elevation increases
D. The Sun appears larger when viewed against the darkerbackground of the horizon
The Moon appears
larger as the
elevation increases
A phase correction is applied to ________. Planets
The bulletin issued by NMC for the period stated that includes the
anticipated wind, visibility, weather and wave condition.
Prognosis
Which deviation change signs approximately each90 degrees
change of headings caused by induced magnetism in horizontal
soft iron?
NOTE: Quadrantal deviation = 90 degrees change of headings
Semi-circular deviation = 180 degrees change of headings
Residual deviation = what remains (residue)
“QUADrant” = 90° ( ¼ of 360°)
“SEMI-circular” = 180° (1/2 of 360°)
Quadrantal
deviation
Day marks (IALA-A) marking the starboard side of the channel
when going towards the sea are _____________.
red squares
It is the deviation of a magnetic compass after adjustment orcompensation.
A. coefficient deviation
B. residual deviation
C. magnetic deviation
D. dip
residual deviation
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The elongated area of high pressure extending outwards from an
anticyclone area is called _________.
NOTE: ridge = high (take note both have “ i ”)
trough = low ( take note both have “ o ”)
ridge
In the Northern hemisphere, the earth’s rotation is affecting the
direction of the current by deflecting the set, or direction of flow
towards the :
Right
The celestial sphere as seen by an observer at the equator is called
the :
A. quadrantal sphereB. oblique sphere
C. right sphere
D. parallel sphere
right sphere
The force that causes the axis of a spinning gyro to turn in a
direction 90° away from the applied force is:
A. Spin
B. Rigidity
C. Friction
D. Torque
Rigidity
Which of the following is a basic property of the gyro compass
which is similar to the gyroscopic inertia?
A. Torque
B. Rigidity in space
C. Precession
D. Ballistic
Rigidity in space
The chart indicates an isolated rock named using vertical letters.
This means the:,
Rock is dry at high
water
This is a swell wave emanating from distant storms whichcontinue their progress across the oceans till they reach shallow
water when they abruptly steepen, increase in height and sweep
to the shore.
rollers
Diurnal aberration is due to _______________. rotation of the
Earth on its axis
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Which instrument is the most useful in forecasting fog?
A. barometer
B. sling psychrometer
C. pyrometer
D. anemometer
sling psychrometer
According to Buys Ballot law, when an observer in the northern
hemisphere experiences a northeast wind the center of low
pressure is located to the __________.
A. west-southwest
B. east-northeast
C. east-southeast
D. south-southeast
south-southeast
According to Buys Ballot Law, when an observer in the southern
hemisphere experiences a northwest wind, the center of the low
pressure is located to the______.
A. west-southwest
B. east-northeast
C. east-southeast
D. south-southwest
south-southwest
If a weather bulletin shows the center of a low pressure system to
be 100 miles due east of you, what winds can you expect in the
southern hemisphere?
south-
southwesterly
Which condition exists at the summer solstice in the Northern
Hemisphere?
A. The Southern Hemisphere is having winterB. The Northern Hemisphere is having short days and long
nights
C. The north polar regions are in continual darkness
D. The Sun shines equally on both hemisphere
The Southern
Hemisphere is
having winter
The area of lowest pressure along a line with minimum cyclonic
curvature in the isobars on surface charts is called :
through
A cold front moving in from the northwest can produce________.
A. thunderstorms, hail, and then rapid clearing
B. increasing cloud cover lasting for several days
C. lengthy wet weather
D. low ceilings with thick cirrus clouds
Thunderstorms,
hail, and then rapid
clearing
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Which of the following weather disturbances is classified by from
and intensity and which does not have closed isobars?
Tropical
disturbance
Low pressure disturbances, which travel along the inter-tropical
convergence zone, are called__________.
A. tidal wavesB. tropical storms
C. tropical waves
D. permanent waves
tropical waves
The state of the atmosphere with respect to temperature,
humidity, precipitation, visibility, cloudiness, and other factors is
called ______.
weather
The usual sequence of directions in which a tropical cyclone moves
in the Southern Hemisphere is ________________.
southwest, south
and southeast
In the doldrums, you will NOT have _________________. Steep pressure
gradients
A projection where points on the earth are transferred directly to
a plane and the origin of the projecting rays is the point opposite
the plane point of tangency is called______.
stereographic
A wind speed of between 48 to 55 knots is called _________in the
Beaufort scale?
Use the Formula: v(wind velocity or speed) = 1.63 x B.Force^1.5
v = 1.63 x 10^1.5
v = 52 knots
52 knots is under Beaufort Force 10
Storm or force 10
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LAYERS of Atmosphere (SPHERE)*UPPER LAYERS (PAUSE)
( Takot-Sa-Mrs-Tayo-Eh! )
EXOSPHERE
THERMOPAUSE
THERMOSPHERE
MESOPAUSE
MESOSPHERE
STRATOPAUSE
STRATOSPHERE
TROPOPAUSE
TROPOSPHERE
===================Earth Surface====================
On top of the tropopause is the layer ______.
A. stratosphere
B. troposphere
C. ionosphere
D. strata
stratosphere
The top of the troposphere is marked by a transition layer called:
A. tropopauseB. ionosphere
C. stratosphere
D. troposphere limit
tropopause
As altitude increases, air pressure decreases due to decreased
weight of air above. More than of the air is concentrated within a
layer called _____.
troposphere
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PHASES OF THE MOON AS SEEN FROM THE EARTH
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What is the phase of the moon when it rises and sets with the
sun?
A. Full moon
B. New moon
C. Last quarter
D. First quarter
New moon
What is the phase of the moon when it rises during sunrise?
A. Full moon
B. New moon
C. Third Quarter
D. First Quarter
New moon
The same side of the moon is always turned towards the Earthbecause _______.
NOTE:
The rotation of the moon, or the time it takes to rotate on
its axis exactly once, is 27.321662 days.
The orbital period, or the time the moon takes to
complete one full orbit (revolution) around the Earth is
27.321662 days.
Because these two times are so close, the Moon appears
to us on Earth to always show its one face. We see the
same side of the moon and never get to view the far side
from Earth.
the period ofrotation is equal to
the period of
revolution
The moon is rising while sun is setting. What is the approximatephase of the moon?
A. first quarter…rise about n/n and sets about m/n
B. new moon….rise and set with the sun or in conjunction
C. last quarter…rises about m/n and set about n/n
D. full moon…rise w/ sunset and set w/ sunrise or in opposition
Full moon
What is the phase of the moon when it rises about sunset?
A. first quarterB. new moon
C. last quarter
D. full moon
full moon
When the moon is in conjunction, the moon phase is : New moon
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When the moon is in inferior conjunction the moon phase new moon
The moon will wax from________________.
A. last quarter to new moon
B. new moon to first quarter
C. first quarter to last quarterD. full moon to last quarter
new moon to first
quarter
The moon will wane from____________.
A. New Moon to Full Moon
B. First Quarter to Full Moon
C. New Moon to First Quarter ….moon will wax
D. Full Moon to Last Quarter
Full Moon to Last
Quarter
The moon is at first quarter. What kind of eclipse is possible to
occur?
A. annular eclipse
B. solar eclipse
C. lunar eclipse
D. no eclipse
NOTE: ECLIPSE may only occur during NEW MOON (Solar eclipse)or FULL MOON (lunar eclipse). No Eclipse will occur when moon is
at first quarter or last quarter.
no eclipse
The moon is at the last quarter. What kind of eclipse is possible to
occur?
A. annular eclipse
B. solar eclipse
C. lunar eclipseD. no eclipse
no eclipse
When the moon is at New Moon its elongation is __________.
A. zero
B. 30º
C. 90º
D. 180º
zero
What is the phase of the moon when it rises about noon and sets
about midnight?
A. first quarter…rise about n/n and sets about m/n
B. new moon….rise and set with the sun or in conjunction
C. last quarter…rises about m/n and set about n/n
D. full moon…..rise w/ sunset and set w/ sunrise or in
opposition
First quarter
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When the moon is at opposition, the phase of the moon is :
A. New moon
B. Full moon
C. Last quarter
D. First quarter
Full moon
“SOLARSME” : SOLAR ECLIPSE >> SUN – MOON - EARTH
SOLAR ECLIPSE IS ONLY POSSIBLE AT NEW MOON OR AT CONJUNCTION
The prefix “CON” means “together”. Therefore, the word “CONJUNCTION”
means the MOON is together or same side with the SUN. Just like the words
CONVENTION or CONFERENCE or CONGREGATION which means group of
people gathered together… or in simple dialect “AMPALAYA CON CARNE”
(bitter lemon with meat) or “MAIS CON YELO” (corn with ice) pag natunaw
“MAIS CON TUBIG” na lang hehehe!
When two celestial bodies are in “CONJUNCTION”, they have no angulardifference or no time difference, in short, they are equal.
The new Moon cannot be seen because the Moon is : between the Earth
and the Sun
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There are two conditions that must be fulfilled at the same time in
order for a solar eclipse to occur. One condition is that the moon
must be at one of the nodes and the other is________.
A. the moon must be at new moon
B. the moon must be at first quarter
C. the moon must be at full moon
D. the moon must be at last quarter
the moon must be
at new moon
“LUNARSEM” : LUNAR ECLIPSE >> SUN – EARTH - MOON
LUNAR ECLIPSE IS ONLY POSSIBLE AT FULL MOON OR AT OPPOSITION.
“OPPOSITION” literally means on the opposite side or they are not inCONJUNCTION. In this case, the MOON is on the opposite side of the SUN.
When two celestial bodies are on “OPPOSITION”, they have an angular
difference of 180 degrees or time difference of 12 hours.
There are two conditions that must be fulfilled at the same time in
order for a lunar eclipse to occur. One condition is that the moon
must be at one of the nodes and the other is_____.
A. the moon must be at new moon
B. the moon must be at first quarter
C. the moon must be at full moon
D. the moon must be at last quarter
the moon must be
at full moon
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When the moon’s R.A. is 12 hours different with that of the sun,
the moon is said to be at:
A. apogee
B. opposition
C. conjunction
D. perihelion
opposition
When the moon sets during sunrise, it is at _____.
A. conjunction
B. New moon
C. First Quarter
D. Opposition
Opposition
The sun rises exactly at the time when the moon is setting. The
moon is at :
A. conjunction
B. twilight
C. OppositionD. New moon
Opposition
If the moon reaches a point wherein it is completely illuminated, it
is at:
A. conjunction
B. First QuarterC. Opposition
D. New moon
Opposition
If the age of the moon is approximately 14 &1/2 days, it is said to
be at:
Opposition
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NOTE : ANNULAR ECLIPSE is ONLY POSSIBLE when the MOON is between
the EARTH and th e SUN or at CONJUNCTION . An annular ecl ipse occurswhen the Sun and Moon are exact ly in l ine, bu t the apparent s ize of
the Moon is sm al ler than that of the Sun. Hence the Sun app ears as a
very br ight r ing, or annulus , surroun ding the out l ine of the Moon .
Annular eclipse occurs when the ________________.
A. the moon is between the earth and the sun
B. the earth is between the moon and the sun
C. the sun is west of the moon
D. the moon is 6 hours ahead of the sun
the moon is
between the earth
and the sun
Annular eclipse usually occur when the moon is at or
near____________.
A. perigee
B. apogee
C. new moon
D. first quarter
apogee
Annular eclipse occurs because_____________.
A. the moon is at perigee
B. the moon is at first quarter
C. the moon shadow is turned away from the earth
D. the moon shadow cannot reach the earth
the moon shadow
cannot reach the
earth
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The full moon nearest the autumnal equinox is called the_______.
A. harvest moon
B. hunter moon
C. equinoctial moon
D. autumnal moon
NOTE: HARVEST MOON is the brightest full moon in the N.H. and
this occurs during autumn which is a harvest time and used by
farmers to harvest their farms.
harvest moon
What happens because of augmentation?
A. The horizon appears elevated when observing a bright
Sun or Moon at low altitudes
B. The Moon appears larger at the full MoonC. The Moon appears larger as the elevation increases
D. The Sun appears larger when viewed against the darker
background of the horizon
The Moon appears
larger as the
elevation increases
What are the relative positions of the sun, the earth, and a planet when the planet is at
inferior conjunction? = The planet is between the earth and the sun.
NOTE: “INFERIOR CONJUNTION” AND “SUPERIOR CONJUNCTION” IS ONLY POSSIBLE FOR
INFERIOR PLANETS ( For MERCURY and VENUS only!)
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Inferior conjunction is possible for___________.
A. Mercury
B. Mars
C. Jupiter
D. Saturn
NOTE: The terms “Superior Conjunction and Inferior Conjunction”are only possible for Mercury and Venus (Inferior planets).
The terms “Conjunction and Opposition” are only possible
for Mars, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Jupiter (Superior Planets)
Mercury
After Venus passes the point of greatest elongation east in its
orbit, the first position in which the elongation will be zero is
____________.A. opposition
B. inferior conjunction
C. conjunction
D. superior conjunction
inferior conjunction
When the sun is between the Earth and Planet Venus, Venus is
said to be at ______.
A. east quadratureB. west quadrature
C. superior conjunction
D. inferior conjunction
superior
conjunction
Retrograde motion is possible only for _______________.
A. Superior planets
B. Inferior planets
C. MoonD. Stars
Superior planets
Elongation becomes zero at________________.
A. east quadrature
B. Opposition
C. west quadrature
D. inferior conjunction
inferior conjunction
When the planet Mars is at opposition it will rise ____________.
A. at about moon
B. when the sun rises
C. at about midnight
D. when the sun sets
when the sun sets
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Venus attains maximum brilliance about five weeks before and
after _________.
A. greatest eastern elongation
B. inferior conjunction
C. superior conjunction
D. greatest western elongation
inferior conjunction
When planet Venus is between the Earth and Sun, Venus is said to
be at __________.
A. east quadrature
B. Opposition
C. west quadrature
D. inferior conjunction
inferior conjunction
As the inferior planet moves along its orbit from superior
conjunction to inferior conjunction its elongation________.
A. decreases
B. increases
C. is maximum
D. does not change
increases
This is a planetary configuration where two heavenly bodies have
their longitudes and right ascension are the same.A. Conjunction
B. quadrature
C. opposition
D. eclipse
Conjunction
The planet Mars will be at its brightest at :
A. conjunction
B. west quadratureC. opposition
D. east quadrature
Opposition
The superior planets are brightest and closest to the earth at :
A. inferior conjunction
B. west quadrature
C. opposition
D. east quadrature
opposition
In what planetary configuration should Venus be situated if it is an
evening star?
A. at superior conjunction
B. at opposition
C. between inferior conjunction and greatest elongation east
D. between inferior conjunction and greatest elongation west
between inferior
conjunction and
greatest elongation
west
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Superior conjunction is possible for___________.
A. Mercury
B. Mars
C. Jupiter
D. Saturn
Mercury
Conjunction is NOT possible for ___________.
A. Jupiter
B. Saturn
C. Venus
D. Mars
Venus
Why planet Venus not visible at midnight in any latitude? Because:
A. it is a superior planetB. its greatest elongation is only 46°
C. it is a morning star
D. its radius vector is longer than that of the Earth
its greatest
elongation is only46°
Inferior conjunction is possible for ____________.
A. Venus
B. Mars
C. JupiterD. Saturn
Venus
Which of the planet in the solar system has almost the same size
as the earth?
A. Mars
B. Pluto
C. Neptune
D. Venus
Venus
Which two planets are inside the orbit of the earth?
NOTE: Inside the orbit of the earth = Inferior Planets
Outside the orbit of the earth = Superior Planets
Mercury and Venus
As observed from the Earth, the angle between lines from the
Earth to the Sun.
A. opposition
B. quadrature
C. elongation
D. conjunction
elongation
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The angle between the lines connecting the Sun and the Earth
and between the inferior planet and the Earth is called the planet
_______.
Elongation
The largest of the known planets is :
A. VenusB. Jupiter
C. Pluto
D. Neptune
Jupiter
Retrograde motion is possible only for__________.
A. Mercury
B. Venus
C. EarthD. Mars
NOTE: “RETRO” means backward. The apparent motion of
celestial bodies is easterly. Therefore, retrograde motion, is
westerly. This is only possible for superior planets, meaning those
planets outside the orbit of the earth like Mars.
Mars
Retrograde motion is the __________.A. movement of the celestial north pole in an elliptical pattern
in space
B. movement of the points of intersection of the planes of the
ecliptic and the equator
C. movement of a superior planet in its orbit about the sun
D. apparent westerly motion of a planet with respect to the
stars
apparent westerlymotion of a planet
with respect to the
stars
The planet Mars will not be visible ___________. at or near
conjunction
The longest elongation of Planet Venus (expressed in time units) is
about _______.
3 hours
When Venus disappears in the sky, it can be presumed to be at or
near ________.
A. greatest eastern elongation
B. west quadrature
C. inferior or superior conjunction
D. greatest western elongation
inferior or superior
conjunction
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O-011810
The vernal equinox in the celestial sphere is where the sun
declination is:
0º increasing to
maximum north
The autumnal equinox is the point in the celestial sphere
where the sun declination is___________.
0º increasing to
maximum south
The Autumnal equinox is the point where the Sun is at: 0° declination going to
southerly declinations
The First point of Aries is the point where the Sun is at: 0° declination going to
northerly declinations
Libra is the point of: autumnal equinox
The declination of the sun was at its maximum what do you
call the position or point on the celestial sphere
Solstice
During the month of October the sun’s declination is: South and increasing
The winter solstice is the position of the sun on or about : Dec. 21
The summer solstice is the position of the sun on or about: June 21
When the sun is at the winter solstice its declination is : south and decreasing to
0º
When the sun is at the summer solstice its declination is
__________.
north and decreasing to
0º
Navigationally, the Vernal Equinox is also the: First Point of Aries
Cancer is the point of: summer solstice
If the declination of the sun is 0º what do you call the
position or point on the celestial sphere?
Equinox
Vernal Equinox is also known as ______. First Point of Aries
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When the sun is at summer solstice its declination is: maximum north
During the month of October the Sun’s declination is: south and increasing
One complete turn of the drum of the sextant moves the
index arm _____ along the arc.
1 degree
The DGPS provides accuracy within a range of _______. 10 meters
What is the average speed of movement of a hurricane
prior to recurvature?
10 to 12 knots
When using GPS (Global Positioning System) you mayexpect your position to be accurate 95% of the time to
within _____.
10 to 20 meters
The GPS provides 95% accuracy within a range of ______. 100 meters
The standard sea level pressure of the atmosphere is _____ 1013.25 millibars of
mercury
The sun is the central body of the solar system. It moves in
the direction of Vega at:
12 miles per second
A GPS satellite transmits a signal thru the second carrier
on:
1227.60 MHz
A GPS satellite transmits a signal thru the first carrier on
___.
1575.42 MHz
Of the 57 navigational stars tabulated in the Nautical
Almanac, how many are of the first magnitude?
19
An important lunar cycle affecting the tidal cycle is called
the nodal period. How long is this cycle?
A. 19 years C. 6 years
B. 19 years D. 16 years
19 years
If a sound signal is emitted from the oscillator of a
fathometer, and two seconds elapse before the returning
signal is picked up what depth of water is indicated?
24 fathoms
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The Master issues a night order in the Night Order Book.
It is valid for:
24-hour period
As radiant energy from the sun arrives at the earth, how
many percent is absorbed by the atmosphere?
19%
As radiant energy from the sun arrives at the earth, how
many percent is absorbed by the surface of the earth?
52%
As radiant energy from the sun arrives at the earth, how
many percent is reflected back into space?
29%
The standard sea level pressure of the atmosphere is _____. 29.92 inches
Speed adjustment on the Master Gyro should be made
within _______ knots.
A. 3 C. 7
B. 5 D. 10
3
When using GPS, how many position lines are required for
a 2D (dimensional) fix?
3
The tabulation data in the Nautical Almanac is for: 3 days
A sidereal day is shorter than a solar day by about _____. 3 mins and 56 secs
The GPS provides 99.99% accuracy within a range of
______.
300 meters
The Sun at the maximum declination north would be
approximately at ________________.
“ HELION ” refers to the SUN
AP is Away or Far. PERI is Near
ApHelion is earth Away or Far from the Sun >>> July
PeriHelion is earth Near the Sun >>> January
Aphelion
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In each planet’s orbit, the point nearest the sun is called: Perihelion
The visible diameter of the sun as seen from the Earth
during aphelion is_____.
31.5
The visible diameter of the sun as seen from the Earthduring perihelion is _____.
32.6
The Earth is closest to the sun in what month? January
The sun is at Perihelion during month of ______________. January
The sun is closest to the earth in what month? January
The Earth is farthest from the sun in what month? July
The sun is at Aphelion during the month of ________. July
Of the 57 navigational stars tabulated in the NauticalAlmanac, how many are of the second magnitude? 38
When using GPS, how many position lines are required for
a 3D (dimensional) fix that takes into account altitude?
4
The speed of sound in water is approximately ____. 4.5 times its speed in air
MAJOR CIRCLES OF EARTH MARKED BY THE PATH OF THE SUN
NORTH POLE ------------------- 90° 00’ N
North Frigid Zone
ARCTIC CIRCLE ------------------ 66° 33’ N
North Temperate Zone
TROPIC OF CANCER ---------------23° 27’ N
North Torrid Zone
EQUATOR -------------------- 0° 00’ South Torrid Zone
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN -----------23° 27’ S
South Temperate Zone
ANTARCTIC CIRCLE ---------------66° 33’ S
South Frigid Zone
SOUTH POLE -------------------- 90° 00’ S
NOTE: There are instances that the Latitude of Tropic of Cancer or Tropic of
Capricorn appears to be 23°26’ N or S.
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Everywhere between the parallels of about 23° 26’ North
and 23° 26’ South, the Sun is directly overhead during the
year. This area is called the:
torrid zone
If you are at the Arctic Circle what is your latitude? 66º 33' North
If you are in the Antarctic Circle what is your latitude? 66º 33' South
The tropic of Capricorn marks the southern limit of the : Torrid Zone
The regions between the frigid zones and the torrid zones
are called ______.
temperate zones
The areas inside the polar circles are called ______. frigid zone
The Arctic Circle marks the________________. southern limit of the
north frigid zone
The Tropic of Cancer is a____________. parallel of latitude
The Tropic of Capricorn is a _______________. parallel of latitude
The Arctic Circle marks the ___________________. northern limit of the
north temperate zone
The Antarctic circle marks the _________________. northern limit of thesouth temperate zone
Places situated in Lat 30° N are within the __________. North Temperate Zone
The tropic of Capricorn marks the _______________. northern limit of the
south temperate zone
Following a ship routing system, an initial route
recommendation is issued to a ship:
48 to 72 hours prior to
sailing
Which belt of latitude do tropical cyclones form?
A. 5 to 15 degrees C. 15 to 30 degrees
B. 30 to 45 degrees D. 45 to 60 degrees
5 to 15 degrees
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NAVTEX operates in a medium frequency of _____. 518 kHz
The inclination of the plane of the moon orbit with the
plane of the ecliptic is about______.
5º
What is the bearing in points that is used to determine thevortex of a low pressure area when the atmospheric
pressure is 20 hPa below the mean pressure?
8 points
The sun’s diameter is about: 866,000 miles
Tables of tidal stream information are given for certain
reference denoted by:
A. a diamond shape with a letter inside
B. dotted circle with a plus sign inside
C. an arrow indicating rate of flood
D. a circle with an arrow inside
a diamond shape with a
letter inside
Which weather change accompanies the passage of a cold
front in the Northern Hemisphere?
A line of
cumulonimbus clouds
Which instrument is the most useful in forecasting fog?
NOTE: “PSYCHROMETER” is an instrument used to
find relative humidity. It is a combined Dry Bulb and Wet
Bulb Thermometer.
a sling psychrometer
What is a parallel of declination? A small circle on thecelestial sphere parallel
to the celestial equator
On a weather map, warm fronts are drawn as _________. a solid red line
On a weather map, warm fronts are drawn as _________. a solid red line with half
circles
A steady precipitation is typical of:
A. a warm front weather condition
B. high pressure conditions
C. coming cold weather conditions
D. scattered cumulus clouds
a warm front weather
condition
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The maximum difference between mean time and
apparent time is_______________.
about 16 minutes
All echo-sounders can measure the _____. actual depth of water
below keel
What should you apply to a fathometer reading to
determine the depth of water?
Add the draft of the
vessel
______________ is a recommendation for slowing or
increasing the ship’s speed as much as practicable intended
to avoid or limit the effect of adverse weather conditions.
adjustment of SOA
This is a fog resulting primarily from the movement of
warm, humid air over a cold surface, or the movement of
very cold air over a relatively warm water surface.
advection fog
Lines on the magnetic chart where the variation is zero
wherein the magnetic meridian and the true meridian
coincides are called _______.
A. agonic linesB. lines of equal magnetic force
C. lines of equal dip
D. lines of equal magnetism
NOTE: Zero Variation >>> Agonic
Equal Variation >>> ISOgonic
Zero Magnetic Dip >>> Aclinic
Equal Magnetic Dip >>> ISOclinic
Zero = with prefix “A”
Equal = with prefix “ISO”
agonic lines
As the South Equatorial Current approaches the east coast
of Africa, it divides with the main part flowing south to form
the warm _______.
A. Agulhas Current C. Benguela Current
B. Canary Current D. Sahara Current
Agulhas Current
Storms that enter the Great Lakes Basin from the west and
northwest in October are the products of pressure systems
known as _______.
A. Alberta Lows C. Westerners
B. Fata Morgana D. Polar Highs
Alberta Lows
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Mean low water is the average height of _______.
A. all low waters
B. high waters and low waters
C. the surface of the sea
D. the lower of the two daily tides
NOTE: The other word for “MEAN” is Average.
all low waters
On a weather map, a stationary front is represented as : alternating red and blue
lines with half circles and
triangles
An azimuth determined by solution of the navigational
triangle with altitude, declination and latitude, it is called :
altitude azimuth
A body at the observer’s zenith will have a/an ____. Altitude of 90°
The error in refraction increases as the _______.
A. altitude of the body decreases
B. humidity decreasesC. horizontal parallax decreases
D. observer’s eye increases
altitude of the body
decreases
The intercepted arc of a vertical circle between the celestial
horizon and the almucantar is called the _____.
Altitude of the celestial
body
When the azimuth is measured from east or west and
labeled accordingly, it is called:
amplitude
With respect to failure warnings and status indications,
GPS receivers should provide, at a minimum, _____.
an alarm if a new
position has not been
calculated within the last
two seconds
Which condition exists in the eye of a hurricane? An extremely low
barometric pressure
This is the angle, which the wind makes with the isobars. angle of indraught
The magnetic flux lines enter the surface of the earth at
different angles to the horizontal, at different magnetic
Latitudes. This angle is called ______.
angle of magnetic dip
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When the moon is at apogee, _______ occurs.
A. apogean tide C. lagging tide
B. priming tide D. semi-diurnal range
apogean tide
In a moon’s orbit, the point farthest from the sun is called:
NOTE: “GEE” also refers to the MOON.
APO means Away or Far
PERI means Near
apogee
The GHA tabulated in the Nautical Almanac is for the:
A. apparent sun C. true sun
B. mean sun D. mean and apparent sun
apparent sun
When the time is based on the movement of the visible Sun
along the ecliptic the time is known as __________.
apparent time
______ is the vector sum of the true wind and the reciprocal
of the vessel’s course and speed vector.
apparent wind
The velocity of a rotary tidal current will be decreasedwhen the Moon is______________.
at apogee
The planet Mars will not be visible___________. at or near conjunction
The Moon appears larger in diameter at the zenith than
when near the horizon. What is this called?
Augmentation
Luminous phenomena due to electrical charges in the
atmosphere is called _______.
A. aurora C. aureole
B. corona borealis D. corona
NOTE: “AURORA” means Light
BOREALIS refers to North
AUSTRALIS refers to South
Hence, Aurora Borealis is Northern Light
Aurora Australis is Southern Light
Aurora
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The southern lights are also called _______.
A. Aurora Australis C. Aurora
B. Aurora Borealis D. Corona
Aurora Australis
Northern lights are also called _______.
A. aurora borealis C. aurora australis
B. corona D. aurora
aurora borealis
The horizontal direction of a celestial point from a
terrestrial point expressed as the angular distance from a
reference direction is called ______
Azimuth
In weather analysis, the approach of a storm is through
observation of wind, waves, swell and the ______.
atmospheric pressure
The intercepted arc of the horizon between the principal
vertical circle and the vertical circle passing through the
body when rising or setting is called_____.
azimuth
When the azimuth is measured from north or south andlabeled accordingly, it is called:
azimuth angle
This is a deviation error caused by the miscalculation of
azimuth or by physical misalignments rather than magnetic
effects of soft iron.
A error
______ results from both the fore-and-aft permanent
magnetic field across the compass.
B error
_____ results from the athwartship permanent magnetic
field across the compass.
C error
This error is due only to induction in the symmetrical
arrangements of horizontal soft iron.
D error
This error is caused by induction in the unsymmetrical
arrangements of horizontal soft iron.
E error
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Waves reflected from obstruction, running seaward are
called _______.
A. backwash C. barrier wave
B. surf D. bluff
Backwash
A wedge of water building up between the bow and nearerbank which forces the bow out and away describes:
A. bank cushion C. combined effect
B. bank suction D. bend effect
bank cushion
The inner cloud bands in a hurricane viewed from a distance
from a mass of dense black cumulonimbus clouds is called
the:
A. bar of the storm C. funnel
B. eye of the storm D. tower of the storm
bar of the storm
_______ is a local strong wind carrying damp snow or sleet
and spray that freezes upon contact with objects.
A. barber C. katabatic wind
B. abroholos D. anabatic wind
Barber
Ice without snow cover is called _______.
A. bare C. shiny
B. plain D. slip
Bare
Atmospheric pressure is measured by a _____. Barometer
What do the numbers on isobars indicate? barometric pressure
Very Low Frequencies used by Omega is ______. Between 10 to 14 kHz.
This is the current which generally flow northward along the
west coast of Africa.
A. Benguela current C. Brazilian current
B. African current D. North Atlantic current
Benguela current
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______ consist of innumerable tiny droplets of water, or
ice crystals formed by condensation of water vapor
around microscopic particles in the air.
TYPES OF CLOUD AND ITS ALTITUDE:
1. High Clouds ---------------- Above 20,000 Feet
(All Clouds with “CIRRUS” Ex. Cirrus,
Cirrocumulus and Cirrostratus)
2. Middle Clouds ---- Between 6,500 and 20,000 Feet
(All Clouds with “ALTO” Ex. Altocumulus and
Altostratus)
3. Low Clouds ------------------ Below 6,500 Feet
(Any other Cloud without “Cirrus or Alto” Ex. Cumulus,
Stratus, Stratocumulus, Nimbostratus, Cumulonimbus)
( See F1 Book page METEO – 3 and METEO – 4 )
Clouds
High clouds have a mean lower level above ______. 20,000 ft
Middle clouds have a mean level ______. between 6,500 ft and
20,000 ft
Low clouds have a mean level of less than ______. 6,500 ft
Cirrus and cirrostratus belong to the ______ high clouds
Altocumulus and altostratus belong to the _____. middle clouds
Cumulus and cumulonimbus belong to the _____. low clouds
High clouds, composed of small white flakes or scaly
globular masses, and often banded together to form a
“mackerel sky”, would be classified as ________.
A. cirrus
B. cirrocumulusC. altocumulus
D. cumulonimbus
Cirrocumulus
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The form of cloud often known as “mackerel sky” which is
generally associated with fair weather is ________.
A. nimbostratus
B. stratus
C. cirrocumulus
D. cumulonimbus
Cirrocumulus
The thin, whitish, high clouds composed of ice crystals,
popularly known as “mare’s tails” are ________.
A. cirrostratus
B. cirrocumulus
C. cumulonimbus
D. nimbostratus
Cirrostratus
Which cloud commonly produces a halo about the Sun or
Moon?
A. Cirrostratus
B. Cirrocumulus
C. Altostratus
D. Altocumulus
Cirrostratus
Clouds commonly produce a halo form, thin and whitish
high clouds:
A. Altostratus
B. Altocumulus
C. Cirrocumulus
D. Cirrostratus
Cirrostratus
From those listed, which is the highest cloud?
A. Altocumulus
B. Cirrus
C. Stratus
D. Cumulus
Cirrus
A cloud of marked vertical development (often anvil-
shaped) would be classified as ________.
A. cirrus
B. cirrocumulus
C. altocumulus
D. cumulonimbus
Cumulonimbus
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Towering Clouds Cumulonimbus
What are the typical thunder shower clouds that appears
in great masses in the form of mountains or towers?
A. CumulonimbusB. Nimbostratus
C. Nimbus
D. Cumulus
Cumulonimbus
Thunder clouds Cumulonimbus
The tabulated times of sunrise, sunset, moonrise andmoonset are based: between latitudes 72degrees North and 60
degrees South
Kuroshio current is also known as:
A. Black Stream C. Tsushima Current
B. Tsurumi Current D. Tsunami Current
Black Stream
What is the term used to identify the violent intense cold
wind laden with snow mostly or entirely picked up from the
ground?
blizzard
By Convention, the earth’s north magnetic pole is colored:
A. blue C. red
B. black D. green
NOTE: North Pole South Pole
MAGNET Red Blue
EARTH Blue Red
Just Remember: MAGNET – North - Red
( See F1 Book page MC – 3)
Blue
By convention, the south seeking ends of a compass
magnets are colored _______.
A. blue C. white
B. red D. black
Blue
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On weather maps, cold front is colored:
A. blue C. purple
B. red D. green
Blue
When a light is first seen on the horizon it will disappear
again if the eye is immediately lowered several feet. Whenthe eye is raised is immediately lowered several feet.
When the eye is raised to its former height the light will
again be visible. This process is called:
bobbing a light
When an observer sees a light and reduces his height, the
light disappears; when the observer goes to his original
height, the light appears. This is called:
bobbing a light
In some river mouths and estuaries the incoming high-tide
wave crest overtakes the preceding low-tide trough. This
results in a wall of water proceeding upstream, and is
called a _______.
A. bore C. boundary wave
B. seiche D. surge
Bore
This is high tide wave that abruptly move up to the river of
peculiar configuration or location and may present hazards
to shipping.
A. bore C. boggies
B. eddies D. backwash
Bore
In shallow water, waves too steep to be stable, causing the
crests to move forward faster than the rest of the wave are
called:
A. breakers C. white caps
B. rollers D. surfers
Breakers
The northeast monsoon in the Philippines is called _______.
A. Briza C. BoraB. Habagat D. Buru
Briza
This is a relatively cold current flowing along the northwest
coast of Africa.
A. Canary current C. Ahlean current
B. Morrocan current D. African current
Canary current
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The azimuth of the sun is best taken at the: center of the sun
What publication contains information regarding the
dangers to navigation in the English Channel?
Channel Pilot Guide
Which Chapter of the Planning Guide describesrecommended steamship routes?
Chapter 4
A conventional representation usually on a plane surface
of all or part of the physical features of the earth surface
intended primarily for navigation is called ______.
chart
All depths indicated on charts are reckoned from some
selected levels of the water called______.
chart sounding datum
This term refers to a heavenly body which has two meridian
passages one above and one below the elevated pole.
circumpolar
A convenient way of keeping a record of updated latest
correction of chart is:
Chart/Publication
Correction Record Card
System
The average long term meteorological condition of a place
or region is called _____.
climate
WIND CIRCULATION:
“ NLCC” >>> N.H. > L.P. > Counter Clockwise
N.H. > H.P. > Clockwise
S.H. > L.P. > Clockwise
S.H. > H.P. > Counter Clockwise
Low Pressure (L.P.) > Inward
High Pressure (H.P.) > Outward
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The circulation around a Low Pressure (L.P.) center in the
Northern Hemisphere (N.H.) is:
A. Counterclockwise
B. Variable
C. Clockwise
D. Anticyclone
Counterclockwise
The wind circulation around a high pressure center in the
northern hemisphere is:
A. clockwise moving outward from high
B. counterclockwise and moving outward from the high
C. clockwise and moving towards the high
D. counterclockwise and moving towards the high
clockwise moving
outward from high
The wind circulation around a low pressure area in theNorthern Hemisphere is:
A. clockwise outward C. counterclockwise inward
B. clockwise inward D. counterclockwise outward
Counter clockwise andinward
The flow of air around an anticyclone in the Southern
Hemisphere is:
A. clockwise and outwardC. counterclockwise and inward
B. clockwise and inward
D. counterclockwise and outward
Counter clockwise and
outward
What is the wind circulation around a high pressure center
in the N. hemisphere?
A. Counterclockwise and moving outwards from the highB. Counterclockwise and moving outward from high
C. Clockwise and moving outwards from the high
D. Clockwise and moving towards from the high
Clockwise and moving
outwards from the high
The wind circulation around a high pressure area in the
Southern Hemisphere is:
A. counterclockwise outward C. clockwise outward
B. counterclockwise inward D. clockwise inward
counterclockwise
outward
In the Northern Hemisphere, an area of counterclockwise
wind circulation surrounded by higher pressure is a:
A. Low pressure C. Warm front
B. High pressure D. Cold front
Low pressure
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The dense black cumulonimbus clouds surrounding the eye
of a hurricane are called:
cloud walls
The inter-tropical convergence zone is generally associated
with _______.
A. cloudy skies and showersB. very hot and dry weather
C. clear skies and sunny weather
D. windy and humid air
cloudy skies and showers
The radius of the almucantar is equal to the ______. co-altitude
Chart intended for inshore coastwise navigation where the
course may lie inside outlying reefs and shoals, for
entering and leaving harbours is called _______.
coast chart
You are entering a harbor for the first time which of the
publications would
Coast pilot
The Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) contain
information on all of
Coastal features
_______ is a relatively low pressure neck between two
cyclones.
A. col C. wedge
B. through D. ridge
Col
In the Celestial Equator System of coordinates, when thebody’s diurnal circle coincides with the celestial equator,
the altitude during upper transit will be equal to the:
co-Latitude
The value of the intercepted arc of a meridian between the
elevated pole and the observer’s zenith is known as ____.
co-Latitude
On weather maps, blue color indicates:
A. cold front C. occluded front
B. warm front D. stationary front
cold front
In the northern hemisphere, winds veering sharply to the
west or northwest with increasing velocity are indications
that a:
cold front has passed
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An occluded front is usually caused by a ______. cold front overtaking a
warm front
On a weather map, the half circles in a stationary front are
pointing towards _____.
colder air
______ refers to any change of permanent magnet or soft
iron correctors to reduce normal compass errors.
compass adjustment
Deviation is eliminated as nearly as practicable by:
A. compass adjustment C. compass weighing
B. degaussing D. compass compensation
compass adjustment
The method used when finding the compass error when the
compass bearing of a body is observed at the moment of
rising or setting?
A. Compass error by amplitude
B. Compass error by azimuth angle
C. Compass error by azimuth
D. Compass error by true bearing
Compass error by
amplitude
The ratio expressed in tenths describing the mean areal
density of ice in a given area is called _______.
A. concentration C. ablation
B. okta D. accumulation
Concentration
Which of the following statements is TRUE? consult the chart for
the location and lightcharacteristics of all
navigational aids;
consult the Light Lists
for their detailed
description
Which type of GPS receiver has at least four channels to
process information from several satellites simultaneously?
Continuous
Ascending and descending air masses with different
temperature is part of an important heat transmitting
process in our atmosphere called ________.
Convection
______ diverts the air from a direct path between high and
low pressure areas.
Coriolis force
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_______ are colored rings around the sun or moon covered
by a thin cloud.
A. corona C. aureole
B. halo D. aurora borealis
Corona
When the sun or moon is seen through altostratus cloudsand appears surrounded by a glow of light, this glow is
called:
A. corona C. halo
B. aurora D. parantiselene
Corona
The relative motion line, when extended past the
represented position of the observer’s ship, shows:
CPA
What type of cloud formation would you expect to see to the
west of an approaching tropical wave?
cumulus cloud lined up
in rows extending in a
northeast to southwest
direction
It is the atmosphere in the vicinity of a low pressure area. cyclone
This is an outside force from the center of high or low
pressure:
A. cyclostrophic forces C. pressure gradient force
B. geostrophic force D. coriolis force
cyclostrophic forces
A good chart can be distinguished from indifferent one by:
A. date of correction C. its edition
B. date of printing D. date of survey
date of correction
The angular distance measured along the hour circle to the
diurnal circle of the celestial point is known as:
Declination of the point
Which of the following conditions does not indicate an
approaching tropical storm?
A. Decrease in wind velocity
B. Cirrus clouds
C. Halos about the sun or moon
D. Long, high swells
Decrease in wind velocity
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Satellites are located within the confines of:
A. deep space C. the inner space
B. the outer space D. the universe
deep space
Which star is at the head of the Northern Cross? Deneb
The distance between any two meridians measured along
a parallel of latitude and expressed in miles is the
_______.
Departure
This is the celestial pole below the horizon of opposite
name of the latitude.
depressed pole
The recording fathometer produces a graphic record of the: depth underneath the
keel against a time base
The primary use of apparent time in marine navigation is
to________.
determine the time of
meridian transit
The angle between the magnetic meridian and the axis of acompass card expressed in degrees east or west to indicate
to indicate which direction is the compass card offset from
the magnetic north is called ______.
deviation
What is the most elusive factor of a magnetic compass
which change with every direction given to the ships
heading?
Deviation
The highest level of commercial navigational accuracy is
provided by________.
DGPS, within a coverage
area
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The height of the tide is the _______.
A. difference between the depth of the water and area’s tidal
datum
B. depth of water at specific time due to tidal effect
C. difference between the depth of the water and high water
tidal level
D. difference between the depth of the water at high tide and
the depth of the water at low tide
≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈ (c ) Level of water
(b) to ( c ) = ( e ) Height of Tide
___________________ (b) Tidal Datum or Chart Datum
( a) to (b) = ( d) Charted Depth
================== (a) Sea bed or bottom
( See F1 Book page TC – 4 )
difference between the
depth of the water and
area’s tidal datum
The range of the tide is the _______.
A. difference between the heights of high and low tide
B. distance the tide moves out from the shore
C. duration of time between high and low tide
D. maximum depth of the water at high tide
≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈ (b) High Water or High Tide
( a ) to ( b ) = Range of Tide
≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈ (a) Low Water or Low Tide
difference between the
heights of high and low
tide
The distance between the surface of the water and the tidaldatum is the:
A. height of tide C. range of tide
B. chartered depth D. actual water depth
height of tide
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What is the definition of height of tide?
A. The vertical distance from tidal datum to the level
B. The vertical difference between the heights of low and
high water
C. The vertical difference between a datum plane and the
ocean bottom
D. The vertical distance from the surface of the water to
the ocean floor
The vertical distance
from tidal datum to the
level
“Stand” of the tide is that time when _______.
A. the vertical rise or fall of the tide has stopped
B. slack water occurs
C. tidal current is at a maximum
D. the actual depth of the water equals the chartered depth
the vertical rise or fall of
the tide has stopped
Pressure Gradient is a _______________. difference in pressure
in unit distance
measured at right
angles to the isobars
In a _______ mode of Omega, the receiver measures the
distance between it and two or more transmitting stationsto determine lines of position.
direct range
What will cause a variable error in the gyro? Dirty mercury and
points
Swell is the rise and fall of the ocean’s surface due to:
A. distant winds C. fetch
B. local storms D. the pull of the Moon
distant winds
______ is an underway adjustment in track and is intended
to avoid or limit the effect of adverse weather conditions.
diversion
A belt of low pressure at the earth’s surface near the
equator is called _____.
Doldrums
The diurnal pressure variation is most noticeable in the
_____.
doldrums
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Where is the diurnal pressure variation most noticeable?
A. Doldrums C. Polar regions
B. Horse latitude D. Roaring forties
Doldrums
During the middle of the high water period, there is often
slight fall, the effect of which is to create a longer period ofstand at high water and is called:
A. double high water tide C. perigean tide
B. apogean tide D. bore
double high water tide
Which of the following will act to dissipate fog? Downslope motion of an
air mass along a coast
One of the two stars pointing to Polaris in the Ursa Major
is:
Dubhe
In the orthographic projection of the horizon system of
coordinates, when the body rises to the left of the Prime
Vertical (PV), the amplitude is named _____.
E: N
In the orthographic projection of the horizon system of
coordinates, when the body rises to the right of the Prime
Vertical (PV), the amplitude is named:
E: S
What are the relative positions of the Sun, the Earth, and a
planet when the planet is at opposition?
A. Earth is between the Sun and the Planet
B. Sun is between the Earth and the PlanetC. Planet is between the Earth and the Sun
D. The Planet, the Sun and the Earth are not in line
Earth is between the Sun
and the Planet
The movement of water away from shore or downstream is
called a(n):
A. ebb current C. flood current
B. reversing current D. slack current
ebb current
When using a recording depth finder in the open ocean,
what phenomena is most likely to produce a continuous
trace that may not be from the actual ocean bottom?
Echoes from a deep
scattering layer
The path of the sun appears to take among the stars due to
the annual revolution of the earth in its orbit is called:
ecliptic
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At meridian passage, the bearing of the body will be: either North or South
The difference between local apparent time (LAT) and local
mean time (LMT) is indicated by the_______.
equation of time
The sun crosses the upper branch of the celestial meridianof the observer at a position 15º South of his zenith. If the
sun declination is 15º S. What is the latitude of the
observer?
Equator
The hour circle that passes through the First Point of
Aries is known as the _______________.
Equinoctial Colure
The points of intersection of the ecliptic and the celestial
equator are called_______.
Equinoxes
A cloudy patch of matter in the heavens outside the galaxy
is called _____.
Extragalactic nebula
Frost smoke will occur when ___________. extremely cold air from
shore passes overwarmer water
The cumulonimbus cloud which is dense and dark
surrounding the typhoon is called _______.
A. eye C. spiral bands
B. cyclonic spiral D. funnel clouds
Eye
On the approach of a warm front, barometric pressure
usually ______.
falls
A tropical wave is located 200 miles due west of your
position, which is north of the equator. Where will the
wave be located 24 hours later?
farther away to the
west
Ice which is attached to the ground is called ________.
A. fast ice C. icelands
B. ground ice D. growler
fast ice
The speed of sound through ocean water is nearly always
____.
faster than the speed of
calibration for the
fathometer
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Squall lines with an almost unbroken line of threatening
black clouds and sharp changes in wind direction, generally
a/an __________.
fast-moving cold front
_______ is the identification of complex mirage due to
objects generally magnified and distorted.
A. fata morgana C. inferior mirage
B. spectrum mirage D. superior mirage
fata morgana
This is a complex mirage characterized by marked
distortion on objects, magnified and at times, even
multiplied generally in the vertical and even appeared
towering.
fata morgana
The original date of issue of a new chart is shown on top
center margin written with ______.
first edition
The sidereal day begins when the___________. first point of Aries is
over the upper branch of
the reference meridian
In the Horizon system of coordinates, the arc of the horizon
measured from the East point of the horizon in a direction
towards the Principal Vertical circle through the North
Celestial Pole will give an amplitude in which quadrant?
First Quadrant
In the Horizon System of coordinates, the arc of the horizon
measured from the West point of the horizon in a direction
towards the Principal Vertical circle through the North
Celestial Pole will give an amplitude in which quadrant?
Fourth Quadrant
What is the phase of the moon when it rises about noon and
sets about midnight?
First quarter
What describes an accurate position that is NOT based on
any prior position?
fix
When adjusting a compass with induced magnetism in
vertical soft iron, which corrects this coefficient of the
deviation?
A. Flinder’s bar C. heeling magnet
B. quadrantal spheres D. bar magnets in the binnacle
Flinder’s bar
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What kind of component is Parameter P?
A. fore and aft component C. vertical component
B. athwartship component D. horizontal component
fore and aft component
Which can be set while the vessel is heading magnetic east
or west?
A. fore and aft magnets C. heeling magnet
B. quadrantal spheres D. athwartship magnets
fore and aft magnets
The largest waves or swells created by a typhoon or
hurricane will be located:
forward and to the right
of its course
Which theoretical minimum number of measurements from
satellites does a GPS receiver need in order to provide an
exact three-dimensional position?
Four
A boundary between two masses is a _______________. front
This is the resultant of the commencement of the air when it
forces its way to the cold air.
A. frontal depression C. quasi-frontal
B. occluded front D. cyclonic front
frontal depression
What would occur when an extremely cold air from shore
passes over warmer water?
A. frost smoke C. convection fog
B. advection fog D. ground fog
frost smoke
The moon is rising while sun is setting. What is the
approximate phase of the moon?
Full moon
What is the phase of the moon when it rises about sunset? full moon
When the moon is at opposition, the phase of the moon is: Full moon
The moon will wane from____________. Full Moon to Last
Quarter
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Which is TRUE about Light Lists? furnishes complete
information about
navigation lights and
other navigational aids
A cloudy patch of matter in the heavens within the galaxy
of which the sun is a part is called:
Galactic Nebula
A vast collection cluster of stars and clouds of gas is called: Galaxy
Milky Way is a term associated with___________. Galaxy
Chart intended for coastwise navigation outside of
outlying reefs and shoals is called______.
general chart
Dashed lines in TSS, precautionary areas, two-way routes
and deep water routes are _______.
A. general maritime limits
B. limits of precautionary area
C. limits of fishing area
D. limits of recommended route
general maritime limits
The difference in apparent position as observed from the
surface of the Earth and the center of the Earth is ______.
Geocentric Parallax
If the surface of the spheroid is altered so as to be
everywhere perpendicular to the direction of gravity, the
Earth is considered a/an _____.
geoid
You plot a fix using three lines of position and find they
intersect in a triangle. The actual position of the vessel is
the :
geometric center of the
triangle
If the isobars are straight, the wind blowing is called : geostrophic wind
If the isobars are curve, the wind blowing is called : gradient wind
A position of the Earth has a longitude of 74º 10' E. Its
celestial counterpart would have a ________.
GHA of 285º 50'
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What part of the gyro compass is use to support the
gyroscope in such a manner that it remains horizontal even
when the support is tilted?
A. Gimbals C. South component
B. East component D. West component
Gimbals
The proximity of pack ice may be indicated by _______.
A. glare on clouds on the horizon
B. changes in seawater salinity
C. changes in air temperature
D. cooling of sea water
glare on clouds on the
horizon
GPS means ________. Global PositioningSystem
A projection where points on the earth are transferred
directly to a plane and the origin of the projecting rays is
the center of the earth is called _______.
gnomonic
Which statement is TRUE with respect to ship handling in
ice?
A. go astern with extreme care with rudder amidships
B. never go astern because it might damage the propeller
C. approach ice at moderate speed to reduce impact
D. navigate in zigzag to crack the ice
go astern with extreme
care with rudderamidships
A low HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision) number
such as 2 indicates a ____.
good fix
A tropical wave is usually preceded by _________. good weather
Often expressed in time units, it is the arc between the hour
circle of the apparent sun and the lower branch of the
Greenwich meridian.
Greenwich Apparent
Time
The geographical position (GP) of a celestial body is
determined from its declination and the _______.
A. Greenwich Hour Angle C. right ascension
B. sidereal hour angle D. observe altitude
Greenwich Hour Angle
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A strong northeast wind of the central Mediterranean is
called _______.
A. Gregale C. Scirocco
B. Mistral D. Harmattan
KEY WORD: Centrale >>> Gregale
Gregale
The error in a compass which indicates the direction in
which the axis of the compass is offset from true north is the
____.
gyro error
A compass which is north-seeking depends upon
gyroscopic inertia, gyroscopic precession, the earth’s
rotation, and gravity is ______.
gyrocompass
An automatic device for steering a vessel by means of
control signals received from a gyro compass is called
_____.
gyropilot
A rapidly rotating mass free to move about one or both
axes perpendicular to the axis of rotation and to eachother is called ______.
gyroscope
The horizontal rotation of the spin axis of a gyroscope
about the vertical axis is called:
gyroscopic drift
The property of a gyroscope of resisting any force which
tends to change its axis of rotation is called _____.
gyroscopic inertia
One of the stars pointing to the Southern Cross is the: Hadar
The full moon nearest the autumnal equinox is
called____________.
Harvest moon
The typhoon track is the line which a typhoon _______.
A. has already passed C. will definitely pass
B. is forecasted to pass D. has stayed stationary
has already passed
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Spring tides are tides that _______.
A. have lows lower than normal highs higher than normal
B. have lows higher than normal and highs lower than normalC. are unpredictable
D. occur in the spring of the year
have lows lower than
normal highs higher
than normal
Deviation changes with a change in _______.
A. heading C. longitude
B. latitude D. sea conditions
Heading
The compass deviation changes as the vessel changes :
A. heading C. geographical position
B. speed D. longitude
Heading
The vessel’s direction pointed at anytime is called _______.
A. heading C. track line
B. course D. course over ground
Heading
What kind of weather would you expect to accompany the
passage of a tropical wave?
heavy rain and
cloudiness
This is a permanent magnet placed vertically in a tube
under the center of the magnetic compass:
A. heeling magnet C. fore and aft magnet
B. athwartship magnet D. flinders bar
heeling magnet
_______ is a compass corrector that cannot be et on a
heading of magnetic east or west.
A. heeling magnets C. Flinder’s bar
B. fore and aft tray D. fore and aft magnets
heeling magnets
Geographical range of a light depends upon the? height of both the light
and the observer
The difference in apparent position as viewed from the
Earth and the sun is known as _____.
Heliocentric parallax
The first indications a mariner will have of the approach of
a warm front will be:
high cirrus clouds
gradually changing to
cirrostratus and then to
altostratus
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Conditions for crossing a bar would be best at:
A. high water slack C. low water slack
B. high water ebb D. low water ebb
high water slack
When the pressure gradient is closely spaced, it means that
you expect to encounter:
A. high winds C. calm and smooth weather
B. overcast skies D. fog or heavy rainfall
high winds
When navigating using GPS, what is an indicator of the
geometry of the satellites that your receiver is locked
onto?
Horizontal Dilution of
Precision
Current refers to the _______.
A. horizontal movement of the water
B. vertical movement of the water
C. density changes in the water
D. none of these
horizontal movement of
the water
What describes an ebb current?
A. Horizontal movement of the water away from the land
following high tide
B. Horizontal movement of the water away from the land
following low tide
C. Horizontal movement of the water toward the land
following the low tide
D. Horizontal movement of the water toward the land
following the high tide
Horizontal movement ofthe water away from the
land following high tide
The diurnal pressure variation is commonly observed on
the area of:
horse latitude
Along the pole ward side of each trade wind belt and
approximately with the belt of high pressure in each
hemisphere is a region with weak pressure gradients and
correspondingly with light, variable winds. These windsare called the ______.
horse latitudes
The area of high pressure with weak pressure gradients and
light variable winds on the pole side of the trade wind belt is
called _______.
A. horse latitudes C. doldrums
B. geostropic winds D. prevailing westerlies
horse latitudes
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The region of calms and variable winds coinciding with the
subtropical high pressure belts on the pole ward side is
called _______.
A. horse latitudes C. doldrums
B. polar belt D. polar region
horse latitudes
The region of high pressure extending around the earth is
called _______.
A. horse latitudes C. troposphere
B. prevailing westerlies D. doldrums
horse latitudes
What kind of conditions would your observe as the eye of a
storm passes over your vessel’s position?
Huge waves approaching
from all directions,clearing skies, light
winds and an extremely
low barometer.
_______ is a measure of the atmosphere’s vapor content. humidity
Which condition will occur after a cold front passes? Humidity decreases
A swift current occurring in a narrow passage connecting
two large bodies of water, which is produced by the
continuous changing difference in height of tide at the end of
passage is called a:
A. hydraulic current C. rectilinear current
B. rotary current D. harmonic current
hydraulic current
Tides at the two ends of a strait are seldom in phase or
equal in range and the current is generated largely by the
continuously changing difference in height of water at the
two ends called _______.
A. hydraulic current C. resultant current
B. differential current D. semi-diurnal current
hydraulic current
In a _______ mode of Omega, the receiver measures the
difference in phase between two transmitters.
Hyperbolic
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Which of the following is TRUE?
I. Coriolis force tends to divert air toward the right in the
Northern HemisphereII. Coriolis Force tends to divert air toward the left in the
Southern HemisphereIII. Coriolis Force tends to divert air toward the left in the
Northern Hemisphere, to the right in the SouthernHemisphere
I & II
Which of the following can be measured from the Horizon
System of Coordinates?
I. Zenith Distance
II. Amplitude
III. Co-altitude
I, II, III
Which statement is true when operating in area where sea
ice and iceberg are present?
A. Icebergs may travel in direction very different from sea
ice
B. Both icebergs and sea ice move in same direction and
same speed
C. Icebergs and sea ice move in same direction but ofdifferent speed
D. Icebergs and sea ice move in same direction but iceberg
slower due its volume
Icebergs may travel in
direction very different
from sea ice
Sidereal time is NOT used____________. in sight reduction of
planet observation
The diurnal variation of pressure is most noticeable: in the doldrums
In a tropical cyclone, in the Northern Hemisphere, a vessel
hove to with the wind shifting counterclockwise would be:
A. in the navigable semicircle
B. ahead to the storm center
C. in the dangerous semicircle
D. directly in the approach path of the storm
in the navigable
semicircle
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Where is the vessel located in a tropical cyclone in the S.
Hemisphere if a vessel hove to with the wind shifting
clockwise?
A. In the navigable semicircle
B. Directly behind the storm center
C. Ahead of the storm center
D. In the dangerous semi circle
In the navigable
semicircle
In the Southern Hemisphere, a vessel hove to with the wind
shifting clockwise would be _______.
A. in the navigable semi-circle C. ahead of the storm track
B. in the dangerous semi-circle D. behind the storm center
in the navigable semi-
circle
The principle of a sextant is that, when a plane surface
reflects a light ray, the angle of reflection equals the angle
of:
incidence
The movable arm of the sextant is the: index arm
The error remaining in the sextant after the navigator has
removed side error perpendicularity error and collimationerror is:
index error
Which of the four adjustable errors in the sextant is the
principal cause of index error?
A. index mirror and horizon glass not parallel
B. index mirror not perpendicular to the frame
C. horizon glass not perpendicular to the frame
D. telescope not parallel to the frame
index mirror and
horizon glass not
parallel
Magnetism under the influence of an external field is called:
A. induced magnetism C. residual magnetism
B. permanent magnetism D. sub-permanent magnetism
induced magnetism
Elongation becomes zero at ________________. inferior conjunction
In low latitudes, trade winds converge in an area called :
A. Inter tropical convergence zone
B. temperature zone
C. inter tropical divergence zone
D. torrid zone
Inter tropical
convergence zone
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Trade winds converge in an area in low latitudes called :
A. inter tropical convergence zone
B. inter tropical divergence zone
C. torrid zone
D. temperate zone
Inter tropical
convergence zone
The normal variation between the actual depth of waterand the indicated depth on an electronic depth sounder due
to water conditions is on the side of safety. This would NOT
be true in a case when the water______________.
is extremely cold
At some distance above the earth’s surface, the wind tends
to blow along lines connecting points of equal pressure
called:
Isobars
The line joining all places having the same temperature on
weather maps is called:
A. isotherm C. isallobars
B. isobars D. col
Isotherm
Reasons for correcting compass are the following
EXCEPT:
it is more comfortable
to use a correctedcompass in bad
weather
Which statement concerning GPS is TRUE? It may be suspended
without warning
The steepness of a cold front depends on_____________. its velocity
The largest of the known planets is ______. Jupiter
This is a fast moving current of air with strong lateral and
shears which is located immediately below the troposphere is
called _______.
A. jet stream C. warm front
B. cold front D. cold front
jet stream
One of the two pointers in the Ursa Minor pointing to
Polaris is:
Kochab
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What do you call the current which is similar to the gulf
stream predominantly flows on north-north-easterly
direction?
A. Kuroshio current C. Benguela current
B. California current D. Oyasho Current
Kuroshio current
What is the phase of the moon when it rises about midnight
and sets at about noon?
Last quarter
The process of changing solid to liquid state is called :
A. latent heat of fusion
B. latent heat of sublimation
C. latent heat of accumulationD. latent heat of vaporization
latent heat of fusion
The process of changing solid state to vapor state is called :
A. latent heat of sublimation C. latent heat of accumulation
B. latent heat of fusion D. latent heat of vaporization
latent heat of
sublimation
The change from liquid to vapor requires:
A. latent heat of vaporization C. latent heat of depositionB. latent heat of sublimation D. latent heat of fusion
latent heat ofvaporization
The amplitude will be numerically equal to the declination
only when _____.
Latitude is zero
What line of position can you derive foremost duringmeridian passage?
latitude line
In the Celestial Equator system of coordinates, when the
body’s diurnal circle coincides with the celestial equator,
the meridional zenith distance is equal to the _____.
latitude of the observer
The intercepted arc along the observer’s celestial meridian
between the celestial horizon and the elevated pole is equal
to the:
latitude of the observer
If the altitude of the elevated pole is 90 degrees, the ______. Latitude of the observer
is at the pole
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The earth’s rotation affects the direction of the current in
the Southern Hemisphere by deflecting the set towards the :
A. left C. center
B. right D. outside
Left
Local sidereal time is equal to the_________. LHA of Aries
T-shaped dashes in areas to be avoided and defined ends of
inshore traffic zones are _______.
A. limits of restricted areas
B. limits of recommended track
C. limits of inshore traffic
D. limits of recommended route
KEYWORD: T-shaped >>> restricTed areas
limits of restricted
areas
Isallobar is a ________________. line joining places having
an equal change of
pressure
The line connecting Vernal Equinox to Autumnal Equinoxis called:
Line of equinoxes
The angle at the pole between the body’s hour circle and
the observer’s lower meridian:
LMT
The data for sunrise and sunset in the Nautical Almanac is
given in ______.
LMT
The time of meridian passage in the Nautical Almanac is
given in:
A. LMT C. LAN
B. GMT D. ZT
LMT
Your vessel is an ice-reinforced about to enter pack ice. You
should _______.
A. look for areas of rotten ice and enter the edge perpendicularly
B. take maximum advantage of coastal leads caused byoffshore winds
C. trim to an even keel or slightly down by the bowD. enter the pack ice on the windward side
look for areas of rotten
ice and enter the edge
perpendicularly
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114400
_______ is a glow observed from a light below the horizon or
hidden by obstacles.
A. loom C. corona
B. halo D. aurora borealis
Loom
The accuracy of Loran position is within ______. 0.25 nautical miles
_______ is a hyperbolic system of navigation using a long
range medium frequency.
Loran A
_______ is a hyperbolic system of navigation using a long
range low frequency.
Loran C
What kind of pressure system travel in tropical waves? low pressure
Your vessel goes aground in soft mud. You would have the
best chance of refloating it on the next tide if it grounded at:
A. low water spring C. low water neap
B. high water neap D. high water spring
low water spring
New edition is marked on the chart ________. lower left hand corner
When a first edition of a chart is printed, the original date
of issue of a new chart
lower left hand corner
The revision date of a chart is printed on what area of the
chart?
lower-left corner
What is the maximum range at which an observer sees a
light under existing visibility conditions?
luminous range
An irregularity in the motion of the Earth due to the
disturbing effect of other celestial bodies, principally the
moon is called ______.
NOTE: “ LUNAR” refers to the MOON
lunar pertuberance
An instrument for indicating a horizontal difference
relative to the earth depending upon the magnetic
attraction of the earth is called ______.
magnetic compass
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Deviation and variation are applied to the _____. magnetic compass
The curve that passes thru the places of zero DIP and
WITHOUT inclination on the compass needle is called
________.
A. magnetic equator C. magnetic north
B. magnetic meridian D. magnetic field
magnetic equator
This phenomenon occurs when a stream of charged particles
around the nucleus of an atom is called:
A. magnetism C. magnetic charges
B. electron D. magnetic disturbance
Magnetism
Variation in a compass is caused by____________. magnetism from the
earth magnetic field
Compass deviation is caused by__________. magnetism within the
vessel
A conventional representation usually on a plane surface
of all or part of the physical features of the earth surfaceis called _______.
Map
A conventional representation usually on a plane surface
of all or part of the physical features of the earth surface
intended primarily for marine navigation is called :
marine chart
During meridian passage, the LHA and meridian angle of
the body is zero. What is its altitude?
maximum altitude
The reference datum used in determining the heights of land
features on most charts:
A. mean high water C. mean sea level
B. mean low water D. half-tide level
mean high water
The average height of all low waters at a given place is called
_______.
A. mean low water C. mean lower low water
B. low water datum D. tropic lower low water
mean low water
The correction table for GHA of planets is based upon the: mean rate of the sun
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The average height of the surface of the sea for all stages of
the tide over a 19 year period is called _______.
A. mean sea level C. mean high water
B. mean low water D. half-tide level
mean sea level
The GMT in the Nautical Almanac is based on the referencepoint of:
A. mean sun C. apparent sun
B. true sun D. mean and apparent sun
mean sun
A conic projection upon a plane, the cylinder conceived as
being tangent along the equator is a _______.
mercator
Superior conjunction is possible for___________. Mercury
Which two planets are inside the orbit of the earth? Mercury and Venus
The term “gegenschein” is associated with_________. meteors
Zodiacal light is related to_____________. meteors
A Pulse length is expressed in: micro-seconds
Asteroids lie chiefly between Mars and Jupiter and are
considered _____.
Minor Planets
What do you call the type of tide where the presence of a
diurnal wave is conspicuous by a large inequality in the
heights of either the two high tides or two low tides usually
occurring each tidal day?
mixed tides
The process in which an air mass changes in temperature
and or moisture characteristics is called:
Modification
This is a seasonal wind blowing from a large land mass to
the ocean in winter and in the opposite direction in summer:
A. Monsoon C. Gradient
B. Front D. Climate
Monsoon
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114444
When planning and conducting a voyage, the navigator uses
many information sources that includes the following
EXCEPT:
navigational charts
Prior to getting the ship underway, the navigator should
make a/an:
navigational check list
____________ is a maritime radio warning system
consisting of a series of coast stations transmitting radio
teletype safety messages .
NAVTEX
When the moon is at first quarter or third quarter phase,
what type of tides will occur?
A. neap C. perigean
B. spring D. apogean
Neap
The west wind drift is located _______.
A. near 60 deg S C. between Greenland and Europe
B. near 5 deg S D. on the Equatorial Current
near 60 deg S
Tropical cyclone does not occur in the doldrums due to:
A. negligible coriolis force C. lack of frontal areasB. always with high humidity D. due to high temperature
negligible coriolis force
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
I. The body rises at the Prime Vertical when the Declination
is greater than the Latitude and same namesII. The body will set at the Prime vertical when the Latitude
is numerically equal to declination and same names
neither I and II
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
I. Meridian Passage of the sun occurs before 1200 LMT
if mean sun is ahead of apparent sun.
II. Meridian Passage of the sun occurs after 1200 LMT ifapparent sun is ahead of the mean sun.
Neither I nor II
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
I. Night is longer than day when the sun’s declination is
numerically equal and same name as your latitude
II. Day is longer than night when the sun’s declination is
north and you are in south Latitude.
Neither I nor II
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114455
Ship A observed in his radar ship B on her own portside to
be on a collision course on a dense for, which ship has the
right of way?
A. neither of the ships C. ship B
B. ship A D. both ships
neither of the ships
Ship A observed in his radar ship B on her own starboard
side to be on a collision course, on a dense fog, which ship
has the right of way?
A. neither of the two vessels
B. Ship A
C. Ship B
D. both ships
neither of the two vessels
At the time of printing, correction are too numerous
making previous printing obsolete, a printing is made
called______.
new edition
What is the phase of the moon when it rises and sets with
the sun?
New moon
What is the phase of the moon when it rises during sunrise? New moon
What is the phase of the moon when it seems to rise and
set with the sun?
new moon
When the moon is in conjunction, the moon phase is : New moon
When the moon is in inferior conjunction the moon phase
is:
new moon
The moon will wax from : New Moon to First
Quarter
The maximum distance at which a light can be seen in
weather conditions where the visibility is 10 miles is
known as:
nominal range
Which current flows westward in the general area of the
northeast trades.
A. North Equatorial Current C. Davidson CurrentB. Cape Horn Current D. Labrador Current
North Equatorial
Current
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114466
If your weather bulletin shows the center of a low pressure
area to be 100 miles due east of your position, what winds
can you expect in the northern hemisphere?
north to northwest
According to Buys Ballot Law, when an observer in the
Northern Hemisphere experiences a northwest wind, the
center of the low pressure is located to the ____ .
northeast
The prevailing winds from approximately 5 deg N to 30 deg
N are the _______.
A. northeast trade winds C. southeast trade windsB. prevailing westerlies D. doldrums
northeast trade winds
Because of the low temperatures near the geographical
poles of the earth, the surface pressure tends to remain
higher than in surrounding regions since cold air is denser
than warm air. Consequently, winds blow outward from
the poles called:
northeasterlies in the
Arctic
The Humboldt current flows:
A. northerly C. easterlyB. southerly D. westerly
Northerly
If the gyro compass is operating properly, the rotor shaft is
aligned to:
A. North-South C. Vertical
B. East-West D. Horizontal
North-South
The pressure gradient between the horse latitudes and
doldrums runs _________:
north-south
The southeast trade winds blow toward _______.
A. northwest C. south
B. southeast D. northeast
Northwest
_______ is the least signal or complete absence of signal
where this varies with direction.
A. null C. out of range
B. blind spot D. 180 deg out of phase
Null
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114477
Sailing Directions contain: numbered sections along
a coast or through a
strait
This is a rocky crag or small mountain projecting from and
surrounded by glacier or ice sheet.
A. Nunatak C. Nilas
B. Rime D. Sastrugi
Nunatak
The sun changing declination is caused by: obliquity of the ecliptic
On weather maps, purple color indicates:
A. occluded front C. cold front
B. stationary front D. warm front
occluded front
This is a kind of front which appears on weather maps as
a solid purple line with at alternating triangles and half
circles.
occluded front
What cyclone is in its final stage of development?
A. occluded front C. anticyclone
B. polar cyclone D. tornado
occluded front
In the last stages of extratropical cyclone, the closing of its
warm sector by an overtaking cold front which races about
the system’s center is called _______.
A. occlusion C. frontogenesisB. frontolysis D. through
Occlusion
Tropical cyclones do not form within 5° of the Equator
because _____________.
of negligible Coriolis
force
_______ is a radio navigation system which operates in the
very low frequency.
Omega
The navigational triangle is NOT formed when the body is: on the observer’s
meridian
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114488
If the vessel is in the dangerous semi-circle in the Southern
Hemisphere, the best action is to have the wind _______.
A. on the port bow and make as much headway as possibleB. on the starboard bow and make as much headway as possible
C. on the port quarter and make as much headway as possibleD. on the starboard quarter and make as much headway as
possible
on the port bow and
make as much headway
as possible
If the vessel is in the dangerous semi-circle in the Northern
Hemisphere, the best action is to have the wind _______.
A. on the starboard bow and make as much headway as possible
B. on the port bow and make as much headway as possibleC. on the starboard quarter and make as much headway as
possibleD. on the port quarter and make as much headway as possible
on the starboard bow
and make as much
headway as possible
If the vessel is in the navigable semi-circle in the Northern
Hemisphere, the best action is to have the wind _______.
A. on the starboard quarter and make as much headway as
possible
B. on the port quarter and make as much headway as possible
C. on the starboard bow and make as much headway as possibleD. on the port bow and make as much headway as possible
on the starboard quarter
and make as much
headway as possible
You are attempting to locate your position with reference to
a hurricane center in the Northern Hemisphere. If the wind
direction remains steady, but with diminishing velocity, you
are most likely.
on the storm track
behind the center
A tide is called diurnal when _______.
A. only one high and one low water occur during a lunar day
B. the high tide is higher and the low tide is lower than usual
C. the high tide and low tide are exactly six hours apartD. two high tides occur during a lunar day
only one high and one
low water occur during a
lunar day
After passing the First Quarter phase, the moon becomes
full moon at _____.
Opposition
If the age of the moon is approximately 14 &1/2 days, it is
said to be at:
opposition
If the moon reaches a point wherein it is completely
illuminated, it is at:
Opposition
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114499
The sun rises exactly at the time when the moon is setting.
The moon is at _____.
Opposition
The superior planets are brightest and closest to the earth
at_____________.
Opposition
When the moon sets during sunrise, it is at _____. Opposition
When the moon’s R.A. is 12 hours different with that of
the sun, the moon is said to be at:
opposition
This is the type of rain that falls on the weather side of a
mountain ranges and give some of the heaviest rain known:
NOTE: “ORO” refers to Mountain
orographic rain
In making compass adjustments at sea, which international
flag signal is hoisted?
Oscar Quebec
The altitude correction that compensates for the equivalentreading to the center of the earth is:
A. parallax C. index
B. dip D. semi-diameter
Parallax
_______ is a form of halo consisting of an image of the sun at
the same altitude and some distance from it.
A. parhelion C. anthelionB. paranthelion D. anti-helion
anthelion
When the moon is at perigee, _______ occurs.
A. perigean tide C. lagging tide
B. priming tide D. semi-diurnal range
perigean tide
In a moon’s orbit, the point nearest the sun is called: Perigee
A ship has a ______ magnetism. permanent magnetism
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115500
The ratio of the strength of the magnetic field inside the
metal to the strength of the external field is:
A. permeability C. coercivity
B. retentivity D. remanence
Permeability
A pulse feature designed to eliminate sky wave is ______. phase coding
The sun’s surface is called ______. photosphere
Which of the following should be consulted to obtain
information about
Pilot chart
The SOA chosen for each track leg in voyage planning is
the:
PIM speed
The Sailing Directions are published in the Enroute format
and the _____.
Planning Guide
Which of the following statements is TRUE? Planning Guides are
relatively permanent
The best position of the bow of the vessel when you are
maneuvering on ice and intend to stop in ice close inshore is:
A. pointing to seaward C. pointing to the ridge
B. pointing to inwards D. pointing to shore
pointing to seaward
In voyage planning, PIM means: points of intendedmovement
The angle measured from the elevated pole along the hour
circle to the diurnal circle passing by the body is called:
Polar Distance
Any piece of metal on becoming magnetized will develop
regions of concentrated magnetism called ______.
Poles
Along the coast of Australia, a current called Darwin
current flows:
A. poleward C. northward
B. eastward D. westward
poleward
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115511
In order for the gyro to have its North-South axis maintain
its position in line with the Meridian, it must be capable of:
Precession
The reaction of a gyro compass to an applied force is
called:
A. precession C. gyroscopic inertiaB. counter effect D. gravity effect
Precession
This is the property of a gyroscope of resisting any force
which tends to change its axis of rotation.
Precession
Any or all forms of water particles whether liquid or solid
that fall from the atmosphere and reach the ground is
_____.
precipitation
Military users use the ______ which provides extremely
accurate positioning.
Precise Positioning
System
Pressure gradient is a measure of ______________. pressure difference over
horizontal distance
A change in pressure with horizontal distance is called
____.
pressure gradient
On the poleward side of the high pressure belt in both
hemispheres, the atmospheric pressure again diminishes.
The wind in motion moves towards the poles and diverted
by the earth’s rotation toward the east. This wind system
is called _______.
prevailing westerlies
What is the airflow along the poleward side of the high
pressure belt in each hemisphere diverted by the earth’s
rotation towards the East?
A. Prevailing westerlies C. Geostrophic winds
B. Doldrums D. Horse latitude
Prevailing westerlies
The charts _______ reflects the latest Notice to Mariners
used to update the chart.
print date
When the faces of the sextant shade glasses and mirrors
are not parallel, the error is called:
prismatic error
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115522
____________ in GPS is the true distance between the
satellite and the plus an offset due to frequency error of the
user’s clock.
pseudorange
The characteristics on which range resolution depends is: Pulse length
Occluded front is colored _______.
A. purple C. red
B. blue D. green
Purple
On weather maps, occluded front is colored:
A. purple C. blue
B. red D. green
purple
The 8-mm radar uses the: Q-Band
Which deviation change signs approximately each 90
degrees change of headings caused by induced magnetism
in horizontal soft iron?
Quadrantal deviation
This is a gyro error caused by the rolling of the vessel
whose effect can reach a maximum on inter-cardinal
heading:
A. quadrantal error C. damping error
B. ballistic error D. tilting error
quadrantal error
The component of space motion in the line of sight iscalled _____.
Radial motion
A type of deformed ice formed by one piece of ice
overriding another.
rafted ice
Spoking would be indicated on the radar receiver by: Random, pie-shaped
wedges on the PPI
If the rotor on a gyro is turning in the wrong direction it
will cause the gyro to:
Read reciprocal
directions
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115544
The ratio of the pressure of water vapor present in the
atmosphere to the saturation vapor pressure at the same
temperature is called ______.
relative humidity
It is the deviation of a magnetic compass after adjustment
or compensation.
residual deviation
The remaining value that cannot be eliminated in deviation
is called:
A. residual deviation C. minimal deviation
B. constant deviation D. all of these
residual deviation
After attempting to neutralize magnetism of the vessel, the
remaining is called _______.
A. residual magnetism C. sub-permanent magnetismB. sub-permanent magnetism D. permanent magnetism
residual magnetism
A print which does not supersede a current edition is
called _______.
revised print
The elongated area of high pressure extending outwards
from an anticyclone area is called _______.
A. ridge C. through
B. col D. doldrums
ridge
The earth’s rotation affects the direction of the current in
the Northern Hemisphere by deflecting the set towards the
_______.
A. right C. center
B. left D. lower latitude
right
The date of a revised print is on the charts ______. right of the edition date
As a cold front passes an observer, pressure _______. rises and winds become
variable
After a cold front passes the barometric pressure usually
____.
rises, often quite
rapidly, with clearing
skies
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115555
In the Southern Hemisphere, the westerlies blow
throughout the year steadily approaching that of the trade
winds. These are called the ______.
roaring forties
This is a swell wave emanating from distant storms which
continue their progress across the oceans till they reach
shallow water when they abruptly steepen, increase in heightand sweep to the shore.
A. rollers C. surf
B. tidal wave D. tsunami
rollers
Diurnal aberration is due to_______________. rotation of the Earth on
its axis
What is a region between two highs and two lows?
A. Saddle C. V-shaped low
B. Secondary law D. Parallel isobars
Saddle
Charts used for planning , fixing position at sea on a long
voyage are called _______.
sailing charts
Which nautical publication gives an information if there
will be a chance to meet an iceberg during the course of the
voyage.
A. sailing directions C. pilot chart
B. coast pilot D. coastal chart
sailing directions
A 10-cm radar uses the: S-Band
This is the result when the sea is warm compared with the
air which flows over the surface of the sea.
sea smoke
Which feature, when set to zero, might allow a GPS unit
to have an accuracy equivalent to Precise Positioning
Service receiver capability?
Selective Availability
Which feature, when set to zero, might allow a GPS unit
to have an accuracy equivalent to Precise Positioning
Service receiver capability?
Selective Availability
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115566
With regard to GPS, a civilian receiver may be capable of
achieving the same accuracy as a military receiver
when________.
selective availability is
set to zero
The class of tide that prevails in the greatest number of
important harbors on the Atlantic Coast is:
A. semi-diurnal C. mixed
B. interval D. diurnal
semi-diurnal
When there are small differences between the heights of
two successive high tides or two low tides, in a tidal day,
the tides are called _______.
A. semi-diurnal C. solarB. diurnal D. mixed
semi-diurnal
The radar control that reduces weak echoes out to a limited
distance from the ship is the _______.
sensitivity time control
The radar control used to reduce sea return at close ranges
is the __________.
sensitivity time control
A tint, 3 mm wide in TSS and between TSS and inshore
traffic is _______.
A. separation line C. boundary line
B. limit line D. demarcation line
separation line
A tint, any shape in TSS and between TSS and inshore
traffic is _______.
A. separation zone C. boundary zone
B. limit zone D. demarcation zone
separation zone
Which of the following will not contribute to the
commercial GPS receiver position error?
Ship's speed
The celestial coordinate of a star that is relatively constant in
value is the:
A. Sidereal hour angle C. Greenwich Hour Angle
B. Local hour angle D. Meridian angle
Sidereal hour angle
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115577
What do you call the snow and rain falling together, frozen
consisting of transparent, rounded, hard rain-drop sized
grain of ice?
A. sleet C. frozen drizzle
B. hail D. frost
sleet
Which instrument is the most useful in forecasting fog? sling psychromotor
A line on Earth parallel to the equator is a __________. small circle
A parallel of latitude other than the equator is a ______. small circle
The earth receives 1,360 watts per square meter of the
solar energy. This is called:
A. solar constant C. solar wave
B. solar energy D. radiation
solar constant
The sun continuously emits charge particles called _____. solar wind
An electronic depth finder operates on the principle that
____.
sound waves travel at a
constant speed through
water
In the area of prevailing westerlies, and ocean current that
generally flows in the easterly direction to a point west of
Cape of Good Hope is called _______.
A. South Atlantic Current C. South American CurrentB. North Atlantic Current D. Argentinian Current
South Atlantic Current
Tropical storms occur in all oceans EXCEPT in the:
A. South Atlantic Ocean C. Western South Pacific Ocean
B. South Indian Ocean D. Arabian Sea
South Atlantic Ocean
_______ flows westward in the general direction of the
southeast trades.
A. South Equatorial Current C. Davidson Current
B. Cape Horn Current D. Labrador Current
South Equatorial
Current
In magnetism, it is the region in which the lines of force
enter the iron.
south pole
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115588
Because of the low temperatures near the geographical
poles of the earth, the surface pressure tends to remain
higher than in surrounding regions since cold air is denser
than warm air. Consequently, winds blow outward from
the poles called:
southeasterlies in the
Antarctic
According to Buys Ballot law, when an observer in thenorthern hemisphere experiences a northeast wind the
center of low pressure is located to the __________.
south-southeast
According to Buys Ballot Law, when an observer in the
southern hemisphere experiences a northwest wind, the
center of the low pressure is located to the______.
south-southwest
If a weather bulletin shows the center of a low pressure
system to be 100 miles due east of you, what winds can
you expect in the southern hemisphere?
south-southwesterly
Kamchatka current flows:
A. southward C. westward
B. northward D. eastward
southward
The usual sequence of directions in which a tropical cyclone
moves in the Southern Hemisphere is ________________.
southwest, south and
southeast
In which direction does the Brazil Current flows?
A. southwesterly C. southerly
B. northwesterly D. northerly
southwesterly
Most GPS receivers use the Doppler shift of the carrier
phase to compute ____.
Speed
_______ is the gyro compass error introduced by the ship’s
forward motion along its track.
A. speed error C. track line error
B. latitude error D. deflection error
speed error
In voyage planning SOA means: speed of advance
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115599
When the moon is new or full, what type of tides occur?
A. Spring C. Diurnal
B. Neap D. Apogean
Spring
Temperature decreases with height called _____. standard lapse rate
These are stars in the galaxy that tend to congregate in
groups arranged in long spiral arms.
Star clouds
In the Nautical Almanac, are tabulated GHA of both the
sun and Aries, and also the declination of ______.
stars 57
On weather maps, alternate red and blue color indicates:
A. stationary front C. cold front
B. occluded front D. warm front
stationary front
Which of the following is a characteristic of the weather
preceding an approaching warm front?
steadily falling
barometric pressure
Which of the following is typical of warm front weather
conditions?
steady precipitation
Monsoons are characterized by _______.
A. steady winds that reverse direction semi-annually
B. light, variable winds with little or no humidity
C. strong, gusty winds
D. strong, cyclonic winds
steady winds that
reverse direction semi-
annually
A projection where points on the earth are transferred
directly to a plane and the origin of the projecting rays is
the point opposite the plane point of tangency is
called______.
stereographic
It is a single crest wave and has no period or wavelength
called:
A. storm surge C. swell
B. tsunami D. ripples
storm surge
Fetch is the _____________. stretch of water over
which wave-forming
wind blows
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116600
When solid particles is changed to water vapor, the process
is:
A. sublimation C. vaporization
B. condensation D. convection
sublimation
If a layer of cold, moist air over rides a shallow layer ofwarm, dry air, which of the following may occur?
Sub-refraction
_______ is a squall with violent thunder, lightning, and
rain, which blows at night in the Malacca Straits especially
during the southwest monsoon.
A. Sumatra C. Malaccan
B. Javaean D. Taku
Sumatra
The star nearest to the earth is:
A. sun C. Sirius
B. Vega D. Altair
sun
The path followed by the sun towards Vega is called : Sun’s way
Azimuth of the sun for compass error is best taken at: sun's low altitude
An upper layer of warm, dry air over a surface layer of a
cold, moist air causes which of the following?
Super-refraction
It is a motion with a period intermediate between that of the
ordinary wind wave and that of the tide:
A. surge C. swell
B. bore D. seiche
surge
The sequence of tropical cyclone in the Southern
Hemisphere is:
A. SW, S and SE C. N, NW and E
B. NW, W and S D. W, NW and N
SW, S and SE
This is wave motion caused by meteorological disturbance
which persists after the disturbance has move away.
A. swell C. seiches
B. surge D. sea current
swell
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116611
This is the gyro compass error applicable in which
damping is accompanied by offsetting the point of
application of the force from a mercury ballistic.
A. tangent latitude error C. ballistic error
B. damping error D. quadrantal error
tangent latitude error
Fog forms when the air: Temperature equals or is
below the dew point
temperature
The line separating the illuminated and darkened portions
of the moon is called:
Terminator
If it is impossible to avoid a hurricane in the Northern
Hemisphere, the most favorable place to be when storm
passes is in ____________.
that half of the storm
lying to the left of the
storm path
Little or no change in the barometric reading over a twelve
hour period indicates________.
that present weather
conditions will continue
Planetary aberration is due in part, to______________. the body orbital motionduring the time required
for its light to reach the
earth
The diurnal inequality of the tides is caused by _______.
A. the declination of the moon
B. changing the weather conditions
C. the Moon being at apogeeD. the Moon being at perigee
the declination of the
moon
Fog forms when the air temperature is at or below: The dew point
The longitude of the GP of a celestial body will be East if : The Greenwich Hour
Angle is more than 180
What happens because of augmentation? The Moon appears
larger as the elevation
increases
Who has the con while navigating when the Master is on
the bridge?
the OIC
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116622
Which of the following statements is TRUE? the OIC must never
leave his post in the
bridge if not properly
relieved
The same side of the moon is always turned towards the
Earth because_______.
the period of rotation is
equal to the period ofrevolution
What are the relative positions of the Sun, the earth, and a
planet when the planet is at inferior conjunction?
A. the Planet is between the Earth and the Sun
B. the Sun is between the earth and the Planet
C. the Earth is between the Planet and the SunD. the Planet is between the Earth and Mercury
the Planet is between
the Earth and the Sun
The gyro compass has the least directional power at the : the sensitive element
The term “velocity of escape” means____________. the speed at which the
molecules of the gas
making up the
atmosphere shouldattain in order to
overcome the force of
gravity
If the Earth’s rotation were stopped, which of the following
conditions will happen?
The sun will rise from
the West and sets to the
East due to revolution
Apparent time is based on______________. the visible sun moving
along the ecliptic
The area of lowest pressure along a line with minimum
cyclonic curvature in the isobars on surface charts is called:
A. trough C. wedge
B. ridge D. low pressure
trough
The lowest intervening part of the wave is called :
A. trough C. fetch
B. crest D. range
trough
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116633
A cold front moving in from the northwest can produce : Thunderstorms, hail,
and then rapid clearing
_______ is a periodic motion of the sea due to gravitational
forces of various celestial bodies.
A. tidal phenomenon C. tidal currentB. tidal effect D. tidal stream
tidal phenomenon
An azimuth determined by solution of the navigational
triangle with meridian angle, declination and altitude, it is
called _________________.
time and altitude
azimuth
An azimuth determined by solution of the navigational
triangle with meridian angle, declination and latitude, it is
called ____________________.
time azimuth
The equation of time measures the___________. time between the passage
of the mean sun and the
apparent sun over a
meridian
When the equation of time is taken from the Nautical
Almanac for use in celestial navigation, it is used to
determine _______.
time of local apparent
noon
You are steaming west in the North Atlantic in an extra-
tropical cyclonic storm, and the wind, and the wind is
dead ahead. According to Buy Ballots Law, the center of
the law pressure lies _________.
to the north of you
A dangerous semi-circle in the Northern Hemisphere is that
area of the storm:
A. to the right of the storm track
B. between the ship’s heading and the eye
C. to the left of the storm track
D. between the ship’s heading and the left of the storm
to the right of the storm
track
In the Southern Hemisphere, the navigable semi-circle is:
A. to the right of the storm track
B. in the dangerous semi-circle
C. ahead of the storm track
D. behind the storm center
to the right of the
storm track
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The navigable semicircle of a typhoon in the Southern
Hemisphere is the area:
to the right of the
storm track
Original date of issue of a new chart is shown at the : top center margin
The strength of the field at any point, measured in adirection parallel to the field is called _______.
A. total intensity C. horizontal intensity
B. parallel intensity D. vertical intensity
total intensity
This is the belt of light and variable winds and fine clear
weather marking the central regions of the sub-tropical
high pressure belt.
trade wind belt
The winds blowing consistently from the horse latitudes to
the doldrums are called _______.
A. trade winds C. roaring forties
B. polar easterlies D. prevailing westerlies
trade winds
The winds that has the greatest effect on the set, drift, anddepth of the equatorial currents are the:
A. trade winds C. prevailing westerlies
B. doldrums D. equatorial winds
trade winds
Winds that blow from the belts of high pressure towards
the equatorial belts of low pressure are the ______.
trade winds
A device which converts electrical energy into sound energy
and vice versa is called:
transducer
In modern fathometers the sonic sound waves are produced
electrically by means of a/an____.
transducer
When the Moon’s declination is maximum north, which of
the following will occur?
A. Tropic tides
B. Higher high tides & lower low tides
C. Mixed-type tides
D. Equatorial tides
Tropic tides
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Which of the following weather disturbances is classified by
from and intensity and which does not have closed isobars?
Tropical disturbance
Low pressure disturbances, which travel along the inter-
tropical convergence zone, are called__________.
tropical waves
The velocity of the apparent wind can be less than the true
wind and from the same direction, if certain conditions are
present. One condition is that the ___________.
true wind from dead
astern
The velocity of the apparent wind can be more than the
true wind, and come from the same direction, if certain
conditions are present. One condition is that the ______.
true wind must be from
dead ahead
A strong tidal wave is called _______.
A. tsunami C. cyclonic wave
B. tsurami D. tsushima
tsunami
When operated over a muddy bottom, a fathometer may
indicate _____
two depth reading
Which factor has the greatest effect on the amount of gain
required to obtain a fathometer reading?
Type of bottom
If a navigational computer is not available for constructing
a track in voyage planning, the easiest method is the:
use of gnomonic chart to
plot a great circle route
The angle between the magnetic and geographic meridiansat any place east or west to indicate the direction of
magnetic north from the true north is called :
variation
Conjunction is not possible for ___________. Venus
Inferior conjunction is possible for ____________. Venus
Which of the planet in the Solar System has almost the same
size as the Earth?
A. Venus C. Pluto
B. Neptune D. Mars
Venus
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What is the point on the track of a tropical cyclone where
the curvature is greatest?
A. vertex C. vortex
B. trough D. eye
vertex
What does the term “tide” refer to?
A. Vertical movement of the water
B. Horizontal movement of the water
C. Mixing tendency of the water
D. Salinity constant of the water
Vertical movement of thewater
The extreme horizontal distance at which prominent objects
can be seen and identified by the unaided eye.
visibility
Clouds appearing in the following order: cirrus,
cirrostratus, altostratus, status, and nimbostratus usually
indicate the approach of a (n) ______________.
warm front
If the cloud is observed to appear in the following order:
cirrus, cirrostratus, altostratus stratus and nimbostratus,
this would indicate the approach of a/an:
A. warm front C. occluded front
B. cold front D. thunderstorm
warm front
On weather maps, red color indicates:
A. warm front C. occluded front
B. cold front D. stationary front
warm front
Fog is most commonly associated with a (an). Warm front at night
On a weather map, triangles are pointing toward the : warmer air
On mid-ocean waters, the height of a wind-generated wave
is not affected by the:
water depth exceeding
100 feet
Fog is most commonly associated with a/an: water front at night
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A small whirling storm over the ocean or inland waters and
is like a funnel-shaped cloud dropping to the ocean is called
_______.
A. waterspout C. depression
B. whirlwind D. tornado
waterspout
This is the vertical distance between the trough and the
crest.
A. wave height C. wave range
B. altitude D. wave length
wave height
This is the vertical distance between the trough and the
crest.
wave height
A Loran receiver’s major advantage is its ability to store : waypoints
The state of the atmosphere with respect to temperature,
humidity, precipitation, visibility, cloudiness, and other
factors is called ______.
weather
Which gyro pilot adjustment is set to zero except when it
is desirable to allow the ship to respond to the temporary
action of heavy seas?
weather adjustment
______ is a transmission sent to the ship advising the
master of expected adverse conditions, duration and
geographic extent.
weather advisory
Charts through Notice To Mariners are updated: Weekly
Light Lists through Notice To Mariners are updated: weekly
Notice To Mariners is published: weekly
The Local Notice to Mariners is usually published _____. weekly
Because of the earth rotation, the moving air is deflected
toward the ______.
west
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The North Equatorial Current flows to the _______.
A. west C. northeast
B. east D. southwest
west
In the middle latitudes, wind travels generally from:
A. west to east C. south to north
B. north to south D. east to west
west to east
Current that flows easterly around Antarctica is termed as
_______.
A. West wind drift C. Antarctic Current
B. Falkland Current D. Gulf Stream
West wind drift
In the Antarctic the circulation is generally from west to east
in a broad, slow-moving current extending completely
around Antarctica, this is called the _______.
A. West Wind Drift C. East Wind Drift
B. Circumpolar Wind Drift D. Antarctica Current
West Wind Drift
The precession of the equinoxes occurs in a(n) _______.
A. westerly direction C. easterly direction
B. northerly direction D. southerly direction
westerly direction
Agulhas current generally flows:
A. westward C. eastward
B. northward D. southward
westward
Neap tides occur only _______.
A. when the Moon is at quadrature
B. at a new or full moon
C. when the Sun, Moon and Earth are in line
D. at approximately 28-day intervals
when the Moon is at
quadrature
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Priming of the tides occurs _______.
A. when the Moon is between new and first quarter and
between third quarter and new
B. at times of new and full Moon
C. when the Earth, Moon and Sun are lying approximately
on the same line
D. when the Moon is between first quarter and full and
between third quarter and new
when the Moon is
between new and first
quarter and between
third quarter and new
Spring tides occur _______.
A. when the Sun, Moon and Earth are nearly in line, in any
order
B. at the start of spring, when the Sun is nearly over the
equatorC. only when the Sun and Moon are on the same side of the
earth and nearly in line
D. when the Sun and Moon are at approximately 90-deg. to
each other as seen from the Earth
when the Sun, Moon and
Earth are nearly in line,
in any order
In a river subject to tidal currents, the best time to dock a
ship without the assistance of tugs is____________.
when there is a head
current
A warm front marks the region _________________. where a warm air is
replacing cold air
Two generating forces of ocean currents are:
A. wind and density differences
B. water depth and ocean contour
C. density and water depth
D. temperature and salinity
wind and density
differences
The wind in the dangerous semi-circle of a tropical cyclone
is higher in velocity due to the:
A. wind circulation and forward motion of the storm
B. extension of the low pressure ridge
C. direction of circulation and pressure gradient
D. recurvature effect
wind circulation and
forward motion of the
storm
The wind velocity is higher in the dangerous semi-circle of a
tropical cyclone because of the _______.
A. wind circulation and forward motion of the storm
B. extension of the low pressure ridge
C. direction of circulation and pressure gradient
D. recurvature effect
wind circulation and
forward motion of the
storm
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The apparent wind speed can be zero only when two
conditions are present. One condition is that the true
_____________.
wind speed equals the
ship speed
Capricorn is the point of: winter solstice
What publication contains information about the port
facilities in Cadiz, Spain?
World Port Index
The difference of latitude between the GP and your position,
at the time when the celestial body is on the meridian, is
represented by:
A. zenith distance C. altitude
B. co-latitude D. declination
zenith distance
When the moon is at New Moon its elongation is ______. zero
A circular band of the sky extending 8 degrees on each side
of the ecliptic is called:
zodiac
A faint glow observed extending upward along the ecliptic
before sunrise and after sunset is called ______.
zodiacal light
This is a faint cone of light which extends upward from the
horizon along the ecliptic after sunset or before sunrise.
zodiacal light
You are using a racetrack turn to recover a man
overboard. The vessel is first steadied when how manydegrees away from the original heading?
A. 60° to 70° C. 135°
B. 90° D. 180°
180°
In a racetrack turn, to recover a man overboard, the vessel
is steadied for the SECOND time after a turn of how many
degrees from the original heading?
A. 60° C. 180°
B. 135° D. 360°
360°
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The axis of precession describes an angle of inclination as
the earth moves towards the direction of star VEGA,
caused by a force which tends to rotate the earth axis
perpendicular to plane of the ecliptic. This physical
character has a cycle of:
41,000 years
Tropical cyclones normally form within which of the
following belts of latitude?
A. 5° to 15°
B. 15° to 30°
C. 30° to 45°
D. 45° to 60°
5° to 15°
In the Celestial Equator System of coordinates, when the
body is along the Pn-Ps line, therefore the Meridian Angle
is:
90°
Which of the following should NOT be used as an indicator
that ice may be nearby?
A. a dark appearance of the sky
B. A gradual drop in sea water temperature to below 32° FC. A yellowish glare in the skyD. The presence of seals or certain type birds
a dark appearance of
the sky
The Coordinator Surface Search (CSS) in a SAR situation
should display by night:
a distinctive signal
promulgated by the
CSS
What is an “Anticyclone”?
A. A system of high atmospheric pressureB. A system of low atmospheric pressure
C. A secondary depression in the rear of a low pressuresystem
D. It is the correct meteorological name for atyphoon/hurricane
NOTE: “CYCLONE” = Low Pressure
“ANTI-CYCLONE” = High Pressure
(ANTI means opposite)
A system of high
atmospheric pressure
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What classification of tropical cyclone would have closed
isobars, counter clockwise rotary circulation, and sustained
winds between 34 and 63 knots?
A. A tropical disturbance
B. A tropical depression
C. A tropical storm
D. A hurricane
A tropical storm
What level of development of a tropical cyclone has a
hundred mile radius of circulation, gale force winds, less
than 990 millibars of pressure and vertically formed
cumulonimbus clouds?
A. A tropical disturbance
B. A tropical depressionC. A tropical storm
D. A typhoon
A tropical storm
As the South Equatorial Current approaches the East
Coast of Africa, it divides with the main part flowing South
to form the warm:
A. Agulhas currentB. Benguela current
C. Canary current
D. Madagascar current
Agulhas current
What will occur when relating to humidity at 100%? AIR is saturated or
there will be RAIN
Major category(ies) of NAVTEX is/are _______.
A. all of these
B. meteorological warnings
C. meteorological forecasts
D. navigational warnings
all of these
Fog is formed when:
A. all of these conditions are correct
B. the moisture in the air condenses into small droplets
C. air is cooled to its dew point
D. the base of a cloud is on the ground
all of these conditionsare correct
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A stationary front on a weather chart is colored:
A. red
B. alternating red and blue
C. purple
D. blue
alternating red and blue
Which of the following when subtracted from 90 ° will give
the radius of almucantar?
Altitude
It is a small circle parallel to the sensible horizon and
passes through the body.
Altitude circle
What can you find in the last pages of the NAUTICAL
Almanac?
A. altitude corrections for sun, stars and planet
B. altitude correction of Mercury and Venus
C. altitude correction of the moon
D. dip table
altitude correction of
the moon
A body at the observer’s zenith will have a/an: Altitude of 90°
The angular distance between the prime vertical and the
hour circle of the body with prefix sign is otherwise known
as:
Amplitude
It is the angular distance between the prime vertical and
the sun during rising and setting.
Amplitude
With respect to failure warnings and status indications,
GPS receivers should provide, at a minimum:
an alarm if a new
position has not been
calculated within the
last two seconds
A submerged ice attached to the bottom irrespective of the
nature of its formation is called:
A. anchor ice
B. iceberg
C. compact ice
D. polynya
anchor ice
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The optical principle of a marine sextant is when a ray of
light is reflected from a plane surface, the angle of
reflection is equal to the_________.
Angle of incidence
What is Right Ascension? angular distance of a
celestial body east ofAries
It is the altitude of the centre of a heavenly body when
measured from the sensible horizon.
Apparent altitude
A relatively thin shell of air, water vapor, and suspended
particulates surrounding the earth is called:
A. Stratosphere C. Troposphere
B. Ionosphere D. Atmosphere
Atmosphere
The intercepted arc of the horizon between the principal
vertical circle and the vertical circle passing through the
body when rising or setting is called:
Azimuth
It is the arc of the horizon measured either clockwise or
counter clockwise through 180º starting at the North point
of the horizon in the North latitude and the South point of
the horizon the South latitude
Azimuth angle
Developed with tangent plane. With the result that bearing
of a point from the centre are correctly represented.
Azimuthal projection
The inner cloud bands of a hurricane, when viewed from a
distance, form a mass of dense, black cumulonimbus clouds
called the ________.
A. bar of the storm
B. eye of the storm
C. funnel
D. front
bar of the storm
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This is a local strong wind carrying damp snow or sleet and
spray that freezes upon contact with objects:
A. barber
B. katabatic wind
C. anabatic wind
D. abroholos
Barber
The passing of a low pressure system can be determined by
periodically checking the____________.
A. Barometer C. hygrometer
B. thermometer D. anemometer
Barometer
Which do the numbers on isobars indicate?
A. barometric pressure C. rain in inches
B. temperature D. wind speed
barometric pressure
Parallax is caused by : Being on the surface of
the earth rather at its
center
On a voyage from Cape Town to London, the favorable
ocean current off the coast of Africa is the:
A. Canary current
B. Agulhas current
C. Benguela current
D. South Atlantic current
Benguela current
Which current would you encounter on a direct passage
from London, England to Cape Town, South Africa?
A. Falkland current
B. Norway current
C. Brazil current
D. Benguela current
Benguela current
A cold front on a weather chart is colored:
A. blue
B. purple
C. red
D. alternating red and blue
Blue
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If Declination plus the latitude equals 90° and of the same
names, the:
A. Body passes exactly at the zenith of the observer
B. Body does not rise anymore
C. Body is exactly to the horizon at upper transit
D. Body is tangent to the horizon at lower transit
Body is tangent to the
horizon at lower transit
What current flows southward along the west coast of the
United States and causes extensive fog in that area?
A. Davidson Current
B. North Pacific Current
C. Alaska Current
D. California Current
California Current
Chart legends which indicate a conspicuous landmark are
printed in:
capital letters
The imaginary sphere of infinite radius with the earth at its
centre.
Celestial sphere
Zenith is the point on the ___________ vertically overhead
of the observer.
celestial sphere
Equinoctial is formed by projecting the earth’s equator to
the:
celestial sphere
The imaginary sphere of infinite radius with the earth at its
center.
Celestial sphere
A sextant error where the pivot of the index bar is not at
the center of the arc.
Centering error
Chart symbols and abbreviations are shown in _______. Chart No.1
Earth’s representation on a surface either plane or curved
according to a definite plan.
Chart projection
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In the Northern Hemisphere, the major ocean currents
tend to flow:
A. clockwise around the North Atlantic and North Pacific
oceans
B. clockwise or counter-clockwise depending on whether it
is a warm or a cold current
C. counter-clockwise except in the Gulf Stream
D. counter-clockwise around the North Atlantic and North
Pacific Oceans
clockwise around the
North Atlantic and
North Pacific oceans
The radius of the almucantar is equal to the: co-altitude or zenith
distance
You are entering a harbor for the first time, which of the
publications would you consult?
Coast pilot
Neck of low pressure between two highs. Col
In the celestial equator system of coordinates, when the
body’s diurnal circle coincides with the celestial equator,
the altitude during upper transit will be equal to the:
Co-latitude
When cold air displaces warm air you have a (n) _______.
A. cold front
B. occluded front
C. stationary front
D. warm front
cold front
An occluded front is usually caused by a: cold front overtaking a
warm front
A sextant error when the axis of the telescope is not parallel
to the plane of the instrument.
Collimation error
________ is a sailing in which you take a parallel sailing to
limit the altitude of your track.
composite sailing
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117788
The heat transfer from particle to particle is known as:
A. radiation
B. conduction
C. convection
D. induction
Conduction
Developed on a tangent or secant cones or cones. Conic projection
When the air is warmed, it tends to rise. This heat transfer
is called:
A. Advection C. Convection
B. Conduction D. Radiation
Convection
Ascending and descending air masses with different
temperature is part of an important heat transmitting
process in our atmosphere called ____.
A. Convection C. conduction
B. radiation D. barometric inversion
Convection
The direction in which a vessel is steered is the course the
path actually followed is the:
Course over the ground
What do you call the relatively low pressure area which is
generally circular.
A. Anticyclone C. Col
B. Cyclone D. Squall
Cyclone
It is developed on a tangent cylinder, which is then spread
out to form a plane.
Cylindrical projection
A good chart can be distinguished from indifferent one by: date of correction
The angular distance of a celestial body north or south of
the celestial equator measured along the hour circle of the
body is known as:
Declination
The polar distance of the body is said to be equal to 090º
when
Declination of the body
is 0º
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117799
“Ease the rudder” means to: Decrease the rudder
angle
The highest level of commercial navigational accuracy is
provided by ____.
DGPS, within a
coverage area
It is the angle between the horizontal plane through
observer’s eye.
Dip
This is the correction to the sextant altitude applied to the
visible horizon to obtain the sensible horizon.
Dip
The daily path of a celestial body that is parallel to the
equinoctial.
Diurnal circle
Katabatic wind blows:
A. Up an incline due to surface heating
B. In a circular pattern
C. Down an incline due to cooling of airD. Horizontally between a high and a low pressure area
NOTE: Katabatic = Down
Anabatic = Up
Down an incline due to
cooling of air
This is the wind blowing up on an incline as a result of
surface heating.
A. anabatic wind C. katabatic wind
B. foehn D. fall wind
anabatic wind
What kind of wind which blows up an incline usually as a
result of surface heating?
A. Katabatic wind
B. FoehnC. Fall wind
D. Anabatic wind
Anabatic wind
PrimE vertical: E/W (East/West)
PrinNcipal vertical circle: N/S (North/South)
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118800
In mid-oceans, the characteristics of a wave are determined
by three factors. What is NOT one of these factors?
A. effect of the moon’s gravity
B. fetch
C. wind velocity
D. length of time the wind is blowing
effect of the moon’s
gravity
If a celestial body is at your meridian the azimuth is: Either North or South
The hour cycle that passes through the First Point of Aries
is known as the:
equinoctial colure
It is the term used when the ecliptic intersects the celestial
equator.
Equinoxes
The points of intersection of the ecliptic and the celestial
equator are called_______.
Equinoxes
In the orthographic projection of the horizon system ofcoordinates, when the body rises to the left of the Prime
Vertical (PV), the amplitude is named.
E-N
In the orthographic projection of the horizon system of
coordinates, when the body rises to the right of the Prime
Vertical (PV), the amplitude is named:
E-S
Salinity in the Mediterranean is increased by: Evaporation
You are proceeding to the area of reported distress. When
you arrive at the reported position, the vessel in distress is
not sighted. What type of search should be conducted?
A. Sector search
B. Expanding square
C. Track crawl
D. Parallel track search
Expanding square
At the top of the center of the chart is the date of ______. first edition of the chart
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What describes an accurate position that is not based on
any prior position?
A. Dead-reckoning position
B. Estimated position
C. Fix
D. Running fix
Fix
The height of a wave is the vertical distance:
A. from the still water plane to the crest
B. from the still water plane to the trough
C. from the crest to trough
D. between the water levels at one quarter of wave’s
length
from the crest to trough
Which of the following would occur when an extremely cold
air from shore passes over warmer water?
A. Advection fog C. Convection fog
B. Frost smoke D. Land breeze
Frost smoke
Chart with a natural scale of 1:180,000 is classified as a: General chart
________ are intended for coastwise navigation outside of
outlying reefs and shoals.
general charts
What distance of visibility is that which light may be seen in
clear weather computed in nautical miles for a height of the
observer’s eye of 15 feet above sea level?
A. Visible range
B. Geographical range
C. Computed range
D. Luminous range
Geographical range
It is the angular distance measured from the Greenwich
meridian to the body.
GHA
A projection where points on the earth are transferred
directly to a plane and the origin of the projecting rays is
the center of the earth is called:
gnomonic
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Which is commonly used for planning great circle track? gnomonic chart
Which chart is commonly used for planning great circle
track?
gnomonic chart
All lines represent a great circle tracks on a chart. Gnomonic projection
It is based on a plane tangent at one point. Gnomonic projection
All parallels except the equator appear as curved lines. Gnomonic projection
The projection in which the meridians appear as straight
lines converging toward the nearer pole is called _______.
gnomonic projection
Which of the following statements is TRUE with respect to
ship handling procedures in ice?
A. Never go “full astern” at any time while in ice
B. Go astern in ice with extreme care-always with rudderamidships
C. Enter ice at medium speeds to reduce impact
D. The presence of a snow cover on the ice assists a
vessel’s progress through an ice field
Go astern in ice with
extreme care-always
with rudder amidships
A low HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision) number
such as 2 indicates a:
good fix
Which is NOT a contributing cause of ocean currents?
A. surface winds
B. density differences in water
C. underwater topography
D. gravitational effects of celestial bodies
gravitational effects of
celestial bodies
It is a circle on the surface of the sphere, where plane
passes through the center of the sphere.
Great circle
_____________ involves a solution of courses, distances,
and points along a track between two points.
great circle sailing
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118833
An ocean current that generally flows along the coast of
Florida towards the North Atlantic is called:
A. Gulf Stream
B. Guinea Current
C. North Stream
D. Florida Current
Gulf Stream
________ are intended for navigation and anchorage in
harbor and small waterways.
harbor charts
A great circle through the celestial poles and a point or
body on the celestial sphere
Hour circle
Vertical circle is to the horizon system, what Great circle is
for celestial equator system of coordinates?
Hour circle
The hillock of a broken ice is:
A. floe
B. hummock
C. moraine
D. nunatak
Hummock
Which of the following can be measured from the Horizon
System of Coordinates?
I. Zenith distance
II. Amplitude
III. Co-altitude
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. II only
D. I, II and III
I, II and III
This is composed of ice crystals and reduces visibility.
A. haze
B. ice fog
C. sleet
D. frost
ice fog
It is the sextant error when the horizon and index mirror
are not parallel.
Index error
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118844
You plot a fix in three lines of position and find they
intersect in a triangle, this actual position of the vessel:
A. Is outside of the triangle
B. May be anywhere in a triangle
C. May be inside or outside of the triangle
D. Is the geometric center of the triangle
Is the geometric center
of the triangle
The current that, in many respects, is similar to the Gulf
Stream is the:
A. Kuroshio
B. Oyashio
C. California current
D. Benguela current
Kuroshio
Which current is “warm” based on the latitude in which it
originates and on the effect it has on climates?
A. Kuroshio current
B. Peru current
C. Benguela current
D. California current
Kuroshio current
The cold ocean current which meets the warm Gulf Stream
between latitudes 40° and 43° N to form the “cold wall” is
called the _________.
A. North Cape current
B. Greenland current
C. Labrador current
D. North Atlantic current
Labrador current
Which current is responsible for the movement of the
icebergs into the North Atlantic shipping lanes?
A. Iceland current
B. Labrador current
C. Baltic current
D. Baffin current
Labrador current
It is a conic projection chart features straight lines, which
closely approximates a great circle.
Lambert conformal
It is the practical charts used in very high latitudes. Lambert conformal
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It is a conic projection with two standard parallels.
Developed on a cone which intersects the sphere or
spheroids at two standard parallels.
Lambert conformal
projection
In the daily pages of the Nautical Almanac, a circle with the
right hand side fully shaded indicates:
Last quarter
The amplitude will be numerically equal to the declination
only when:
Latitude is zero
If the altitude of the elevated pole is 90 degrees, the: Latitude of the observer
is at the pole
It is the angular distance measured westerly from the
observer’s meridian to the hour circle passing through the
body.
LHA
It is the angular distance measured from the local celestial
meridian westward through 360º .
LHA
What do you call the line connecting perihelion and the
aphelion?
Line of apsides
For sunrise and sunset in the Nautical Almanac given. . . LMT
In the lower right hand column of the daily pages of theAlmanac, the time of Meridian Passage (M.P.) is given in:
LMT
This cannot be used as a standard time since it differs from
every meridian. Its principal use in rising, setting and
twilight tables.
LMT
In the time diagram, the time-arc of the celestial equatorbetween the hour circle of the vernal equinox to the
observer’s Meridian is called:
Local Sidereal Time
New edition on the chart is found on the: Lower left hand corner
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When a first edition of a chart is printed, the original date
of issue of a new chart is shown at the top center margin
and;
lower left hand corner
The revision date of a chart is printed on what area of the
chart?
lower-left corner
During meridian passage, the LHA and meridian angle of
the body is zero. What is its altitude?
Maximum altitude
The length of a wave is the length:
A. of the wave’s crest B. of the wave’s trough
C. measured from crest to trough
D. measured from crest to crest
measured from crest to
crest
It is a cylindrical projection. Mercator chart
It is a conformal map projection. Mercator projection
A cartographer cannot transfer a sphere to a flat surface
without distortion, he must project the surface of a sphere
onto a plane surface. An example of this projection is that
the cylinder tangent along the Equator called :
Mercator projection
________________ is similar to plane sailing but usesmeridional difference and difference in longitude in place
of difference of latitude and departure.
Mercator sailing
The angle measured from the observer’s meridian either
eastward or westward to the body and named East if rising
and West if setting.
Meridian angle
________ uses the mean latitude for converting departure
to difference of longitude when the course is not due east or
west.
middle latitude sailing
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Small “v” in the nautical almanac.
A. Moon
B. Stars
C. Sun
D. Sun/Moon
Moon
________ represents part of the spherical earth on a plane
surface.
nautical chart
What is the phase of the moon when it rises during sunrise? New moon
The maximum distance that a light be seen when theweather is clear is called:
A. nominal range C. geographic range
B. luminous range D. computed range
nominal range
When the Gulf stream decreases speed until it becomes
slow, it is called:
A. Florida Current
B. North Atlantic Current
C. Labrador Current
D. Norwegian Current
North Atlantic Current
Sailing Directions contain: numbered sections
along a coast or through
a strait
What type of projection is formed if a plane is tangent to
the earth, and the points are geometrically form the center
of the Earth?
Oblique gnomonic
A cyclone in its final stage of development is called a (n) :
A. tornadoB. anticyclone
C. occluded cyclone or occluded front
D. polar cyclone
occluded cyclone or
occluded front
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Tropical cyclones do not form within 5° of the Equator
because :
A. there are no fronts in that area
B. it is too hot
C. it is too humid
D. of negligible Coriolis force
of negligible Coriolis
force
The navigational triangle is NOT formed when the body is: on the observer’s
meridian
If the GHA of the moon differs by 180° by that of the sun,
it said to be at:
NOTE: OPPOSITION means 180 degrees difference or
exactly opposite
Opposition
If the moon reaches a point wherein it is completely
illuminated, it is at:
Opposition
The sun rises exactly at the time when the moon is setting.
The moon is at__________.
Opposition
After passing the first Quarter phase, the moon become full
moon at:
Opposition
If the age of the moon is approximately 14 & 1/2 days, it issaid to be at: Opposition
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Ice
Navigation Center?
A. Schedule Coast Guard ice reconnaissance
B. Keep abreast of merchant vessel movement
C. Keep abreast of Coast Guard icebreaker movement
D. Organize and equip the Ice Patrol
Organize and equip the
Ice Patrol
If terrestrial points are projected geometrically from
infinity to a tangent plane, the projection is called :
orthographic projection
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Emanating from a point at infinity, are perpendicular to a
tangent plane.
Orthographic
projection
Projecting lines are parallel to each other. Orthographic
projection
Cold water flowing southward through the western part of
the Bering Sea between Alaska and Siberia is joined by
water circulating counter-clockwise in the Bearing Sea to
form the:
A. Alaska current
B. Kuroshio current
C. Subartic current
D. Oyashio current
Oyashio current
These are circular pieces of ice called:
A. ice cake
B. frazil ice
C. pancake ice
D. ice floes
pancake ice
This correction is not applicable when taking the sight of
the star.
Parallax
What correction to the altitude of the moon but not to the
altitude of the sun is taken from the daily pages of the
almanac?
A. Refraction
B. Parallax
C. Coriolis
D. Semi-diameter
Parallax
_________ is the interconversion of departure and
difference of longitude when a vessel is proceeding due east
or west.
parallel sailing
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What is the search pattern system called using more than
one ship?
A. Parallel System
B. Cross System
C. Circle System
D. Triangle System
Parallel System
It is the sextant error on the index mirror when not
perpendicular to the plane of the instrument.
Perpendicularity error
Which of the following should be consulted to obtain
information about the general current circulation in the
North Atlantic Ocean?
Pilot chart
_______ solves problems involving a single course and
distance, difference of latitude
plane sailing
Water in the air, except:
A. Water vapor
B. Water droplet
C. Ice particle
D. Plasma
Plasma
It is the distance measured from the hour circle from the
elevated pole to the body.
Polar distance
Are the points on the sphere which are 90º removed from
all points on the great circle.
Poles of great circle
Suitable for marine surveying. Polyconic Chart
Distance is measured by parallel lines. Polyconic chart
Developed on a series of tangent cones, which is then spread
out to form a plane.
Polyconic projection
Series of cones tangent at selected parallels. Polyconic projection
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The great circle that passes through the Zenith and Nadir Prime vertical
Vertical circle with passes through the East and west point
of the horizon
PrimE vertical circle
An occluded front on a weather chart is colored:
A. red
B. red and blue
C. purple
D. blue
Purple
What will act to dissipate Fog?A. convection
B. evaporation
C. radiation
D. conduction
Radiation
A warm front on a weather chart is colored:
A. purple
B. blue
C. alternating red and blue
D. red
Red
This is the result when the rays of light passes from one
medium to another of different density
Refraction
The angular distance measured from vernal equinox
eastward and usually expressed in unit of time
Right ascension (RA)
It is the angular distance measured easterly from the first
point of Aries to the body.
Right ascension (RA)
This is a swell wave emanating from distant storms which
continue their progress across the oceans till they reach
shallow water when they abruptly steepen, increase in
height and sweep to the shore.
A. rollers C. surf
B. tidal wave D. tsunami
rollers
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The smallest scale chart used for planning, fixing position
at sea and for plotting the dead reckoning while proceeding
on a long voyage is the _____.
sailing chart
Which nautical publication gives an information if there
will be a chance to meet an iceberg during the course of thevoyage?
sailing directions
The ratio of a given distance on the chart to the actual
distance it represents on the earth
Scale
While you are on watch, you learn that a crewman has not
been seen on board for the past three hours. What type ofturn is best in this man overboard situation?
A. Round C. Racetrack
B. Scharnow D. Single turn 180 degrees
Scharnow
The most probable position of the search target at a given
time taking into consideration the effect of DRIFT since the
initial position of the incident was established.
Search Datum
Any circle which passes through the poles of another great
circle
Secondary great circle
A man was sighted as he fell overboard. After completing a
Williamson turn, the man is not sighted. What type of
search should be conducted?
A. Expanding circle
B. Sector search
C. Parallel track pattern
D. Datum-drift search
Sector search
Which feature, when set to zero, might allow a GPS unit to
have an accuracy equivalent to Precise Positioning Service
receiver capability?
Selective Availability
It is the angle actually measured between the body and the
visible horizon
Sextant altitude
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It is the angular distance measured from the first point of
Aries to the star.
SHA
Angle at the pole measured from 000º to 360º westward
from the meridian of the star.
SHA
It is the sextant error if the horizon mirror is not
perpendicular to the plane of the instrument
Side error
The scale is correct along any meridian Simple conic projection
Any circle on the surface of the sphere which does not passthrough the centre of sphere and therefore does not divide
the sphere into two equal halves
Small circle
Which current would you encounter on a direct passage
from South Africa to Argentina, South America?
A. South Atlantic Current
B. AgulhasC. South Equatorial
D. Guinea
South Atlantic Current
An ocean current that generally flows in the easterly
direction to a point west of Cape of Good in the arc of
prevailing westerlies is called:
A. South Atlantic Current
B. South American Current
C. North Atlantic Current
D. Argentinian Current
South Atlantic Current
The usual sequence of directions in which a tropical cyclone
moves in the Southern Hemisphere is _______.
A. northwest, west, and south
B. southwest, south and southeastC. north, northwest and east
D. west, northwest and north
southwest, south and
southeast
________ results from projecting points on the surface of
the Earth onto a tangent plane, from a point on the surface
of the Earth opposite the point of tangency.
stereographic
projection
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Radial lines from any point on the surface to a plane to the
antipode of the point of the projection.
Stereographic
projection
Projecting rays is the point opposite the planes point of
tangency.
Stereographic
projection
The horizontal area covered by cyclonic condition is the:
A. stormy area
B. vertex
C. storm field
D. vortex
storm field
On top of the tropopause is the layer ______. stratosphere
Layer between thermosphere and exosphere. Thermopause
The layer of the atmosphere between the troposphere and
the stratosphere is the:
A. Stratopause C. Exosphere
B. Mesopause D. Tropopause
Tropopause
The top of the troposphere is marked by a transition layer
called:
tropopause
A layer in the atmosphere with a negligible quantity of gas,whose temperature increases with increase in height.
A. thermosphere C. stratosphere
B. ionosphere D. mesosphere
thermosphere
As altitude increases, air pressure decreases due to
decreased weight of air above. More than of the air is
concentrated within a layer called _____.
troposphere
The layer of the atmosphere above the stratosphere is
called:
mesosphere
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Fetch is the:
A. distance a wave travels between formation and decay
B. stretch of water over which a wave forming wind blowsC. time in seconds required for two crests to pass a given
pointD. measurement of a wave steepness
stretch of water over
which a wave forming
wind blows
A sea breeze is a wind:
A. That blows towards the sea at night
B. That blows towards an island during the day
C. Caused by cold air descending a coastal incline
D. Caused by the distant approach of a hurricane
That blows towards an
island during the day
What wind results from a land mass cooling more quickly
at night than the adjacent water area?
A. Coastal breeze
B. Sea breeze
C. Land breeze
D. Mistral
Land breeze
The Geographical longitude of the body will be numerically
equal to the Meridian angle only when:
the body is setting
The Coordinator Surface Search in a SAR situation should
display by day:
A. The code flags FR
B. Code flag Quebec over a black ballC. A black ball over a black diamond shape
D. Two black diamond shapes in a vertical line
The code flags FR
If the altitude of the elevated pole is 90°, therefore:
A. The Polar distance is also 90°
B. The Declination is indeterminate
C. The latitude of the observer is at the poleD. The Polar distance equals the declination
The latitude of the
observer is at the pole
The ecliptic is: the path the Sun
appears to take among
the stars
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What are the relative positions of the Sun, the Earth and a
Planet when the planet is at inferior conjunction?
the Planet is between
the Earth and the Sun
Which of the following is NOT an indication that pack ice
may be nearby?
A. The presence of icebergs
B. Ice blink
C. Absence of wave motion
D. Sighting a walrus in the Arctic
The presence of
icebergs
Your ship is navigating independently in heavy ice when it
becomes beset. Which of the following statements is NOT
true?
A. The vessel will most likely require an icebreaker to free
her
B. The vessel may be able to free herself by pumping
ballast from side to side
C. The propeller is more susceptible to ice damage when
turning slowly than when stopped
D. It is advisable to clear the rudder area of ice by using
ahead turns before backing down
The propeller is more
susceptible to ice
damage when turning
slowly than when
stopped
The date of the chart-Nautical charts bear three dates
which are important to persons using them. The first
edition date (month year) printed centrally in the upper
margin.
This issue contains all
up to date which are
hand corrected in the
old issues.
The date of the chart-Nautical charts bear three dates
which are important to persons using them. The firstedition date (month year) printed centrally in the upper
margin.
This issue contains all
up to date which arehand corrected in the
old issues.
The path of intended travel between three or more points is
the:
Track
________ combines plane sailing solutions when there aretwo or more courses and determines the equivalent course
and distance made good by a vessel steaming along a series
of rhumblines.
traverse sailing
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The angular distance of the body above the rational
horizon. An arc of the vertical circle which passes through
the body contained between the rational horizon and the
body is called:
True altitude
What are leaning type of letters in Nautical charts usedfor? underwater and floatingfeatures
One of the factors which affects the circulation of ocean
current is:
A. Humidity C. Vessel traffic
B. Varying densities of water D. The jet stream
Varying densities of
water
This is defined as the speed the molecules making up the
atmosphere in order to overcome the force of gravity.
velocity of escape