FROM WAR TO PEACEChapter 18 section 4

BURNSIDE GETS THE COMMAND

After the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg, Maryland), Lincoln fired general George McClellan for refusing to attack Lee’s retreating Confederate army. Lincoln gave command to General Ambrose. E. Burnside.

In December 1862, Lee defeated Burnside’s forces at Fredericksburg, Virginia.

UNION GENERAL GEORGE MCCLELLAN

UNION GENERAL AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE

CONFEDERATE GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE

BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG, VIRGINIA

BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG, VIRGINIA

BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE

Union General Joseph Hooker was stopped by Lee’s force at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia, in May, 1863. The greatest loss to the South at Chancellorsville was the death of General Stonewall Jackson, Lee’s “right arm”. Jackson was accidentally shot by his own men.

UNION GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER

CHANCELLORSVILLE, VIRGINIA

CONFEDERATE GENERAL STONEWALL JACKSON

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG (PENNSYLVANIA)

The Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania(Union victory) was the turning point in the war because from then on General Lee fought a defensive war on southern soil. It lasted from July 1-4, 1863.

The casualties of Gettysburg were staggering. 23,000 for the Union and 28,000 for the Confederacy. A national cemetery was created for soldiers who died at Gettysburg. At the dedication ceremony on Nov. 19,1863, President Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address. (270 words-lasted 2 minutes)

GETTYSBURG JULY 1-4, 1863

GETTYSBURG ( DEVIL’S DEN)

DEVIL’S DEN ( LITTLE ROUND TOP )

GETTYSBURG TODAY-CEMETERY HILL

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS NOV. 19,1863

LINCOLN AT GETTYSBURG

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS

BATTLE OF VICKSBURG

Grant finally conquered Vicksburg, (Mississippi). It started May 22,1863 and the Confederates surrendered to Grant July 4, 1863. Vicksburg was the key to the Mississippi River.

Then Grant captured Chattanooga, (Tennessee) a key railroad center in November 23-25, 1863.

VICKSBURG

VICKSBURG

SIEGE AT VICKSBURG

SHERMAN’S MARCH TO ATLANTA

Grant ordered General William Tecumseh Sherman to invade Georgia and take Atlanta, while Grant would lead the army of the Potomac to capture Confederate capital, Richmond, Virginia.

Sherman waged total war. He burned down Atlanta and carried out devastating march across Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina.

Total war- war against armies and also against a people’s resources and will to fight

UNION GENERAL WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN

BATTLE OF PETERSBURG (VIRGINIA)

For nine months, Grant’s forces battered Lee’s defenses at Petersburg, Virginia, the gateway to the Confederate capital, Richmond, Virginia. They finally broke through on April 1, 1865. Two days later, Union troops marched into Richmond.

PETERSBURG

PETERSBURG

PETERSBURG

PETERSBURG

PETERSBURG

LEE FLEES RICHMOND

Lee fled Richmond with 30,000 soldiers. Grant followed. Other Union forces cut off Lee’s escape route. Outnumbered and surrounded, Lee decided that further fighting would be useless.

LEE SURRENDERS AT APPOMATTOX

On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. The designated spot was the Mc Lean house. Grant offered generous terms to the Confederate troops. Lee’s troops could go home if they promised to fight no more. All soldiers could keep their own horses. Grant also provided food for Lee’s starving troops.

The last Confederate general to surrender was General Stand Watie of the Cherokee Nation.

On May 10, 1865 Jefferson Davis was captured.

The war was over. ( over 620,000 Confederate and Union soldiers dead.)

UNION SOLDIERS AT APPOMATTOX

THE MCLEAN HOME

MCLEAN HOME

LEE AT APPOMATTOX

LEE’S SURRENDER TO GRANT

CONFEDERATE GENERAL STAND WATIE