Eyesight effects• Visual fatigue (temporary)– impaired visual performance– red or sore eyes– headache

• visually a demanding task but:-– no permanent damage caused– no worsening of existing defects

• though they may be brought to light by DSE work

The Eye

Causes of eyesight effects• Staying in position or concentrating for a long

time• poor position of DSE• poor legibility of screen or documents• poor lighting, glare or reflections• drifting, flickering, or jittering image

Anatomy and Physiology and common Musculoskeletal

problems

The Spine

The Spine - Close up

Static PosturesStatic postures exert forces (static loading) on muscles and tendons, which contributes to fatigue.

This occurs because not moving increasesmuscle tension so impedes the flow of blood thatis needed to bring nutrients to the muscles andto carry away the waste products of musclemetabolism.

Static posture Fatigued muscles Injury Pain

The Neck

Neck problemsCommon

conditions• Cervical Spondylosis• Whiplash• Degeneration• Trapped nerve

Main Causes– Trauma e.g. whiplash– Poor posture– Degeneration

Symptoms– Pain local and referred– Spasm– Pins and needles– Headaches– Swelling and heat

Back problemsBack pain is common 80% of adults will suffer with

back pain

Possible conditions

• Slipped disc• Degeneration• Spondylosis• Spondylolisthesis

• Possible Causes• Poor position/posture• Length of time in one• position• Lack of body fitness• Static muscle loading

Back pain

• Spondylolisthesis is the movement of one vertebra in either the foreward or backward direction due to instability.

Back painHow we sit and what we sit on affects the health of the spine

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome• compression of the nerves &

blood vessels can also occur with repetitive activities when the arms are held overhead or extended forward

• the more likely cause is slouching forward and dropping the shoulders

• causing tension in the muscles at the side of the neck & constricting the arteries and nerves.

Epicondylitis• Epicondylitis:- - Tennis elbow (outside)- Golfer’s elbow (inside)• Tennis elbow – Caused due to the over use of the

muscles attached by the common extensor origin to the bones of the elbow

• The area will be painful and tender to touch and movements of the wrist and hand especially when loaded, will be painful.

• Rest and anti inflammatory medication usually reduce the symptoms

• Golfer’s elbow – Similar to tennis elbow however pain and inflammation is experienced on the inner side of the elbow. Pain may spread to the forearm and wrist.

Tenosynovitis and Tendonitis• Tenosynovitis affects the sheath

of tendons and Tendonitis affects the tendon itself:- Caused by overuse or awkward use. Any tendon can be affected however commonly seen in the wrist and hand.

• Symptoms include pain, tenderness and swelling of the affected area and sometimes stiffness of the joint which is moved by the tendon.

• Resting the joint and taking anti inflammatory medication can help to ease the problem area.

Carpal Tunnel SyndromeCarpal Tunnel Syndrome :- Occurs when the median nerve, which runs

from the forearm into the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist.

Symptoms usually start gradually, with frequent burning, tingling, or itchingnumbness in the palm of the hand and the fingers, especially the thumb and

the index and middle fingers. Women more prone than men

Bursitis and Ganglions