eyes on the sky - the royal observatory, edinburghal/eyes-on-the-sky.pdf · • 1m professional...
TRANSCRIPT
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eyes on the sky
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TELESCOPES
•what does a telescope look like ?
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Isaac NewtonIsaac NewtonTelescopeTelescope
La PalmaLa Palma
2.5m aperture2.5m aperture
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Westerbork radio dishWesterbork radio dish
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First ever radio telescope First ever radio telescope
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AXAF X-ray telescopeAXAF X-ray telescope
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X-raysX-rayspass pass throughthroughmostmostthingsthings
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X-ray mirrors are hollow tubes...X-ray mirrors are hollow tubes...
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EGRET EGRET γγ-ray telescope-ray telescope
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HEGRA cosmic-ray telescopeHEGRA cosmic-ray telescope
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telescopetelescope
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telescopetelescope cameracamera
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AMANDA neutrino telescopeAMANDA neutrino telescope
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McMurdo base, South PoleMcMurdo base, South Pole
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AMANDA AMANDA neutrino neutrino telescopetelescope
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The Universe as a telescopeThe Universe as a telescope
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Why is bigger better ?•Terrestrial applications :
magnification•Astronomical applications :
catch more light .... sharper pictures ...
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Bigger is better Bigger is better
• naked eye (6mm)m=6, few thousand local stars
• 8 inch amateur teslecopem=12, nebulae, bright galaxies
• 1m professional telescope m=20, millions of faint galaxies
• 10m new generation telescope m=28, edge of universe
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Isaac NewtonIsaac NewtonTelescopeTelescope(2.5m)(2.5m)
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William Herschel Telescope Dome (4.2m)William Herschel Telescope Dome (4.2m)
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Gemini 8m mirror blankGemini 8m mirror blank
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Gemini North (Hawaii) Feb 27Gemini North (Hawaii) Feb 27thth 1998 1998
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sharpness versus magnification....
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sharpness versus magnification....
blurred picture
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sharpness versus magnification....
blurred picture
magnified blurred picture
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sharpness versus magnification....
blurred picture
sharper picture
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blurring by diffraction
• long wavelengths are more blurred• ==> problem for radio astronomy
• small telescopes blur worse • ==>radio astronomers want ==>radio astronomers want
BIG TELESCOPESBIG TELESCOPESto get sharp picturesto get sharp pictures
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very very fuzzyfuzzypicturespictures
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sharpersharperthan than Hubble Hubble SpaceSpacetelescopetelescope
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blurring by the atmosphere
• visible light is blurred by turbulent air
• ==> big telescopes don’t help !
• solution is to get above the atmosphere ....
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Hubble Space Telescope launch
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Hubble Space Telescope above the Earth
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Palomar on a night with good seeing
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Palomar on a night with good seeing
Hawaii on a night with unnusually good seeing
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Palomar on a night with good seeing
Hawaii on a night with unnusually good seeing
Space TelescopeEVERY night
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blurring by the atmospherePart II
• new technique : “Adaptive Optics”
• .....track wobbling of bright star
• .... wobble optics to correct the distortion
• ==> sharp pictures from the ground==> sharp pictures from the ground
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making a fake bright star by laser...making a fake bright star by laser...
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The hard life of the struggling The hard life of the struggling astronomerastronomer
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...long arduous flights to Honolulu......long arduous flights to Honolulu...
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Sunny La PalmaSunny La Palma
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not quite so sunny after all...not quite so sunny after all...
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driving to work ...driving to work ...
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a slight a slight delay...delay...
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elegant surroundingselegant surroundings
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argue about the data...argue about the data...
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thinking ....thinking ....