extraction of pure elements from nature
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Extraction of Pure Elements from Nature. Which elements are easy?. Easy elements are gases that exist in the elemental form. N 2 , O 2 , noble gases Obtained by distillation of cooled, liquified air. Preview. Extraction of Metals. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Extraction of Pure Elements from Nature
Which elements are easy?
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Easy elements are gases that exist in the elemental form
N2, O2, noble gases
Obtained by distillation of cooled, liquified air.
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Preview
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Extraction of Metals
All metals exist as cations in chemical compounds in the crust. Key: reducing the cations to the neutral metal.
Example: Fe2O3 has Fe3+ ions. To obtain Fe metal, need to add 3 electrons to each Fe3+ ion.
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What we’ll find.
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Review of Thermodynamic Control of Reactions
is negative, then the reaction is favored
o o o
o
G H T S
If G
Enthalpy: H depends on bond strengthreactions favored by negative H (which is forming stronger bonds)
Entropy: S depends on randomness (disorder)reactions favored by positive S
(increasing disorder, particularly formation of gases)
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Consider the decomposition of Fe2O3
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Consider the decomposition of Fe2O3
Reaction with C:
C(s) 0 5.6
CO2(g) -393.5 213 -394.4
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Consider the decomposition of HgO
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Aluminum Production
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Gold
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