extension pesticide label exercise

Pesticide LabelExerciseA Supplement forPesticide Applicators

Understanding The Details

Extension is a Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and the United States Department of Agriculture.

University of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension educational programs abide with the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and the United States Department of Agriculture.

EXTENSION®

®

2 © The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved.

Label Exercise Questions

Instructions

Complete the questions using the label for Milestone herbicide included in this exercise. These herbicide label ques-tions are not specific to the Milestone herbicide label and can be applied to any label of your choosing. So, for further prac-tice reading pesticide labels, choose another label and complete the questions. For more information on pesticide safety refer to the other publications in your folder.

1. What is the signal word on this label and what does it indicate?

2. What should you do if the concentrated product comes in contact with your skin or clothing?

3. List the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that must be worn when applying and/or handling this product.

4. Under what weather conditions is unwanted spray drift least likely to occur?

5. What potential hazards to the environment exist when using this pesticide?

6. What are the storage requirements for this product?

7. How do the empty pesticide containers need to be cleaned and disposed?

8. What measures can an applicator make with their equipment to minimize spray drift?

9. List the different methods of application that can be used.

10. What pest(s) does this product aim to control? List at least three pests controlled.

11. Describe the sites where this pesticide can be used. List two sites that are allowed by this label and one site that is not allowed.

© The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved. 3

12. What problems may arise from feeding cattle hay that has been treated with Milestone?

13. What does the label say about the development of plant populations resistant to this herbicide mode of action?

14. What are 4 things that an applicator still can do to help reduce the chance of resistance developing in a weed popula-tion?

1.

2.

3.

4.

15. What is another opportunity an applicator has to help reduce the development of resistant populations? Hint: See the Group Box on the top of page 2 of the Milestone label.

16. The label offers many suggestions for avoiding spray drift when using ground equipment. List one suggestion that you currently follow for your present pesticide applications.

List one suggestion that you will consider using.

See Educator for Answer Key.

© The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved. 52 SpecimenLabelRevised08-10-10

Not For Sale, Distribution, or Use in New York State.

GROUP 4 HERBICIDE ActiveIngredient: Triisopropanolammoniumsaltof2-pyridine carboxylic acid, 4-amino-3,6-dichloro-�� 40�6%OtherIngredients�� 59�4%Total�� 100�0% AcidEquivalent:aminopyralid(2-pyridinecarboxylicacid, 4-amino-3,6-dichloro-)-21�1%-2lb/gal EPAReg�No�62719-519

Keep Out of Reach of Children

CAUTION Agricultural Use RequirementsUsethisproductonlyinaccordancewithitslabelingandwiththeWorkerProtectionStandard,40CFRpart170�Refertolabelbookletunder"AgriculturalUseRequirements"inthe"DirectionsforUse"sectionforinformationaboutthisstandard�

Refer to inside of label booklet for Directions for Use. Notice: Readtheentirelabel�Useonlyaccordingtolabeldirections�Before using this product, read Warranty Disclaimer, Inherent Risks of Use, and Limitation of Remedies at end of label booklet. If terms are unacceptable, return at once unopened. Incaseofemergencyendangeringhealthortheenvironmentinvolvingthisproduct,call1-800-992-5994� AgriculturalChemical:Donotshiporstorewithfood,feeds,drugsorclothing� Container Use Directions

Precautionary Statements

Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals

CAUTION Causes Moderate Eye Irritation Avoid contact with eyes or clothing.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Applicators and other handlers must wear: · Long-sleevedshirtandlongpants· Shoesplussocks Followmanufacturer'sinstructionsforcleaning/maintainingPPE�Ifnosuchinstructionsforwashables,usedetergentandhotwater�KeepandwashPPEseparatelyfromotherlaundry�

User Safety RecommendationsUsersshould:· Washhandsbeforeeating,drinking,chewinggum,usingtobaccoor

usingthetoilet�· Removeclothingimmediatelyifpesticidegetsinside�Thenwash

thoroughlyandputoncleanclothing�

First AidIf in eyes:Holdeyeopenandrinseslowlyandgentlywithwaterfor15-20minutes�Removecontactlenses,ifpresent,afterthefirst5minutes,thencontinuerinsing�Callapoisoncontrolcenterordoctorfortreatmentadvice� Havetheproductcontainerorlabelwithyouwhencallingapoisoncontrolcenterordoctororgoingfortreatment�Youmayalsocontact1-800-992-5994foremergencymedicaltreatmentinformation�

Environmental HazardsDonotapplydirectlytowater,toareaswheresurfacewaterispresentortointertidalareasbelowthemeanhighwatermark�Donotcontaminatewaterwhendisposingofequipmentwashwaterorrinsate�

Directions for UseItisaviolationofFederallawtousethisproductinamannerinconsistentwithitslabeling�ReadallDirectionsforUsecarefullybeforeapplying� Donotapplythisproductinawaythatwillcontactworkersorotherpersons,eitherdirectlyorthroughdrift�Onlyprotectedhandlersmaybeintheareaduringapplication�ForanyrequirementsspecifictoyourStateorTribe,consulttheagencyresponsibleforpesticideregulation� Not For Sale, Distribution, or Use in New York State.

Agricultural Use Requirements UsethisproductonlyinaccordancewithitslabelingandwiththeWorkerProtectionStandard,40CFRpart170�ThisStandardcontainsrequirementsfortheprotectionofagriculturalworkersonfarms,forests,nurseries,andgreenhouses,andhandlersofagriculturalpesticides�Itcontainsrequirementsfortraining,decontamination,notification,andemergencyassistance�ItalsocontainsspecificinstructionsandexceptionspertainingtothestatementsonthislabelaboutPersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)andrestricted-entryinterval�TherequirementsinthisboxonlyapplytousesofthisproductthatarecoveredbytheWorkerProtectionStandard� Donotenterorallowworkerentryintotreatedareasduringtherestrictedentryinterval(REI)of48hours� PPErequiredforearlyentrytotreatedareasthatispermittedundertheWorkerProtectionStandardandthatinvolvescontactwithanythingthathasbeentreated,suchasplants,soil,orwater,is:· Coveralls· Chemical-resistantglovesmadeofanywaterproofmaterialas

polyethyleneorpolyvinylchloride· Shoesplussocks

Non-Agricultural Use RequirementsTherequirementsinthisboxapplytousesofthisproductthatareNOTwithinthescopeoftheWorkerProtectionStandardforAgriculturalPesticides(40CFRPart170)�TheWPSdoesnotpertaintonon-agriculturaluseonsites,suchas,rangeland,permanentgrasspastures,ornon-cropland�SeetheAgriculturalUseRequirementssectionbelowforinformationwheretheWPSapplies� Entry Restrictions for Non-WPS Uses:Forapplicationsonrangelandandpermanentgrasspastures(notharvestedforhay)andnon-croplandareas,donotenterorallowworkerentryintotreatedareasuntilsprayshavedried�

Storage and DisposalDonotcontaminatewater,food,feedorfertilizerbystorageordisposal�Opendumpingisprohibited�Pesticide Storage:Ifthisproductisexposedtosubfreezingtemperatures,theactiveingredientmaycrystallizeandsettleoutofsolution�Undertheseconditionstheproductshouldbewarmedtoatleast40°Fandagitatedwelltodissolveanycrystallizedactiveingredientpriortouse�Pesticide Disposal:Wastesresultingfromtheuseofthisproductmaybedisposedofonsiteoratanapprovedwastedisposalfacility� Nonrefillable containers 5 gallons or less:Container Handling:Nonrefillablecontainer�Donotreuseorrefillthiscontainer�Offerforrecyclingifavailable,orpunctureanddisposeofinasanitarylandfill,orbyincineration,orbyotherproceduresallowedbystateandlocalauthorities�Triplerinseorpressurerinsecontainer(orequivalent)promptlyafteremptying�Triple rinseasfollows:Emptytheremainingcontentsintoapplicationequipmentoramixtankanddrainfor10secondsaftertheflowbeginstodrip�Fillthecontainer1/4fullwithwaterandrecap�Shakefor10seconds�Pourrinsateintoapplicationequipmentoramixtankorstorerinsateforlateruseordisposal�Drainfor10secondsaftertheflowbeginstodrip�Repeatthisproceduretwomoretimes�Pressure rinseasfollows:Emptytheremainingcontentsintoapplicationequipmentoramixtankandcontinuetodrainfor10secondsaftertheflowbeginstodrip�Holdcontainerupsidedownoverapplicationequipmentormixtankandcontinuetodrainfor10secondsaftertheflowbeginstodrip�Holdcontainerupsidedownoverapplicationequipmentormixtankorcollectrinsateforlateruseor

Specimen Label Revised 08-10-10

6 © The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved.3 SpecimenLabelRevised08-10-10

Storage and Disposal (Cont.)disposal�Insertpressurerinsingnozzleinthesideofthecontainer,andrinseatabout40psiforatleast30seconds�Drainfor10secondsafterthefiowbeginstodrip� Re�llable containers larger than 5 gallons:Container Handling:Reflllablecontainer�Reflllthiscontainerwithpesticideonly�Donotreusethiscontainerforanyotherpurpose�Cleaningthecontainerbeforeflnaldisposalistheresponsibilityofthepersondisposingofthecontainer�Cleaningbeforereflllingistheresponsibilityofthereflller�Tocleanthecontainerbeforeflnaldisposal,emptytheremainingcontentsfromthiscontainerintoapplicationequipmentoramixtank�Fillthecontainerabout10%fullwithwater�Agitatevigorouslyorrecirculatewaterwiththepumpfortwominutes�Pourorpumprinsateintoapplicationequipmentorrinsatecollectionsystem�Repeatthisrinsingproceduretwomoretimes� Nonre�llable containers larger than 5 gallons:Container Handling:Nonreflllablecontainer�Donotreuseorreflllthiscontainer�Offerforrecyclingifavailable,orpunctureanddisposeofinasanitarylandflll,orbyincineration,orbyotherproceduresallowedbystateandlocalauthorities�Triplerinseorpressurerinsecontainer(orequivalent)promptlyafteremptying�Triple rinseasfollows:Emptytheremainingcontentsintoapplicationequipmentoramixtank�Fillthecontainer1/4fullwithwater�Replaceandtightenclosures�Tipcontaineronitssideandrollitbackandforth,ensuringatleastonecompleterevolution,for30seconds�Standthecontaineronitsendandtipitbackandforthseveraltimes�Turnthecontaineroverontoitsotherendandtipitbackandforthseveraltimes�Emptytherinsateintoapplicationequipmentoramixtankorstorerinsateforlateruseordisposal�Repeatthisproceduretwomoretimes�Pressure rinseasfollows:Emptytheremainingcontentsintoapplicationequipmentoramixtankandcontinuetodrainfor10secondsafterthefiowbeginstodrip�Holdcontainerupsidedownoverapplicationequipmentormixtankandcontinuetodrainfor10secondsafterthefiowbeginstodrip�Holdcontainerupsidedownoverapplicationequipmentormixtankorcollectrinsateforlateruseordisposal�Insertpressurerinsingnozzleinthesideofthecontainer,andrinseatabout40psiforatleast30seconds�Drainfor10secondsafterthefiowbeginstodrip�

Milestone®specialtyherbicidemaybeappliedbyaerialorgroundequipmenttocontrolssusceptiblebroadleafweedsandcertainwoodyplants,includinginvasiveandnoxiousweedsonrangeland,permanentgrasspastures,CRPacres,non-croplandareas(suchasroadsides),non-irrigationditchbanks,naturalareas(suchaswildlifemanagementareas,wildlifeopenings,wildlifehabitats,recreationareas,campgrounds,trailheadsandtrails),andgrazedareasinandaroundthesesiteswithoutinjurytomostgrasses� Itispermissibletotreatnon-irrigationditchbanks,seasonallydrywetlands(suchasfioodplains,deltas,marshes,swamps,orbogs)andtransitionalareasbetweenuplandandlowlandsites�Milestonecanbeusedtothewatersedge�Donotapplydirectlytowaterandtakeprecautionstominimizespraydriftontowater� Resistance Management Guidelines · Developmentofplantpopulationsresistanttothisherbicidemode

ofactionisusuallynotaproblemonrangeland,permanentgrasspastures,ConservationReserveProgram(CRP),ornon-croplandsitessincethesesitesreceiveinfrequentpesticideapplications�

· Incroplands,useaneffectiveintegratedpestmanagement(IPM)program,integratingtillageorothermechanicalmethods,croprotationorotherculturalcontrolmethodsintoweedcontrolprogramswheneverpractical�

· Similarlookingbiotypesofagivenweedspeciesoccurringinatreatedareamayvaryintheirsusceptibilitytoaherbicide�Applicationofaherbicidebelowitslabeledratemayallowmoretolerantweedstosurviveandashifttomoretolerantbiotypeswithinthetreatedarea�

· Whereidentifled,spreadingofresistantweedstootherfleldsmaybepreventedbycleaningharvestingandtillageequipmentbeforemovingtootherareasandbyplantingweed-freeseed�

· Contactyourextensionspecialist,certifledcropconsultant,orDowAgroSciencesrepresentativeforthelatestresistancemanagementinformation�

Use Precautions and Restrictions

Consult with a Dow AgroSciences representative if you do not understand the “Use Precautions and Restrictions.” Call (1-800-263-1196) for more information.

Maximum Application Rate: Onalllabeledusesitesdonotbroadcastapplymorethan7fiozperacreofMilestoneperyear�ThetotalamountofMilestoneappliedbroadcast,asare-treatment,and/orspottreatmentcannotexceed7fiozperacreperyear�Spottreatmentsmaybeappliedatanequivalentbroadcastrateofupto0�22lbacidequivalent(14fiozofMilestone)peracreperannualgrowingseason;however,notmorethan50%ofanacremaybetreatedatthatrate�Donotapplymorethanatotalof0�11lbacidequivalent(7fiozperacreofMilestoneperannualgrowingseasonasaresultofbroadcast,spotorrepeatapplications� · Avoiding Injury to Non-Target Plants:Donotaeriallyapply

Milestonewithin50feetofaborderdownwind(inthedirectionofwindmovement),orallowspraydrifttocomeincontactwith,anybroadleafcroporotherdesirablebroadleafplants,including,butnotlimitedto,alfalfa,cotton,drybeans,fiowers,grapes,lettuce,potatoes,radishes,soybeans,sugarbeets,sunfiowers,tobacco,tomatoesorotherbroadleaforvegetablecrop,fruittrees,ornamentalplants,orsoilwheresensitivecropsaregrowingorwillbeplanted�Avoidapplicationunderconditionsthatmayallowspraydriftbecauseverysmallquantitiesofspraymayseriouslyinjuresusceptiblecrops�Readandconsiderthe"PrecautionsforAvoidingSprayDriftandSprayDriftAdvisory"attheendofthislabeltohelpminimizethepotentialforspraydrift�

· Milestone is highly active against many broadleaf plant species.Donotusethisproductonareaswherelossofbroadleafplants,includinglegumes,cannotbetolerated�

· Do not use on grasses grown for hay intended for export.· Do not use on grasses grown for seed production.· Chemigation: Donotapplythisproductthroughanytypeof

irrigationsystem�· Do not contaminate water intended for irrigation or domestic

purposes.Donottreatinsidebanksorbottomsofirrigationditches,eitherdryorcontainingwater,orotherchannelsthatcarrywaterthatmaybeusedforirrigationordomesticpurposes�

· Donotapplythisproductonresidentialorcommerciallawnsorornamentalplantings�

· TreesadjacenttoorinatreatedcanoccasionallybeaffectedbyrootuptakeofMilestone�DonotapplyMilestonewithintherootzoneofdesirabletreesunlesssuchinjurycanbetolerated�Usespecialcautionnearroses,andleguminoustreessuchaslocusts,redbud,mimosa,andcaragana�

· Seeding grasses:- Preemergence:Milestonemaybeappliedinthespringor

earlysummer,dependingonthetargetweedspecies,andgrassplantedinthefallwhenconditionsarefavorableforgrassestablishment�

- Postemergence:Duringtheseasonofestablishment,Milestoneshouldbeappliedonlyafterperennialgrassesarewellestablished(havedevelopedagoodsecondaryrootsystemandshowgoodvigor�MostperennialgrassesaretoleranttoMilestoneatthisstageofdevelopment�Milestonemaysuppresscertainestablishedgrasses,suchassmoothbromegrass(Bromus inermis),especiallywhenplantsarestressedbyadverseenvironmentalconditions�Plantsshouldrecoverfromthistransientsuppressionwiththeonsetofenvironmentalconditionsfavorabletograssgrowthanduponreleasefromweedcompetition�

· Seeding Legumes: Donotplantforagelegumesuntilasoilbioassayhasbeenconductedtodetermineifaminopyralidconcentrationremaininginthesoilwilladverselyaffectthelegumeestablishment�

· Grazing and Haying Restrictions: TherearenorestrictionsongrazingorgrasshayharvestfollowingapplicationofMilestoneatlabeledrates�Cuttinghaytoosoonaftersprayingweedswillreduceweedcontrol�Wait14daysafterherbicideapplicationtocutgrasshaytoallowherbicidetowork�DonottransfergrazinganimalsfromareastreatedwithMilestonetoareaswheresensitivebroadleafcropsoccurwithoutflrstallowing3daysofgrazingonanuntreatedpasture�Otherwise,urineandmanuremaycontainenoughaminopyralidtocauseinjurytosensitivebroadleafplants�

· Grazing Poisonous Plants: Herbicideapplicationmayincreasepalatabilityofcertainpoisonousplants�Donotgrazetreatedareasuntilpoisonousplantsaredryandnolongerpalatabletolivestock�

· Plant Residues or Manure: ♦ Donotuseaminopyralid-treatedplantresidues,includinghay

orstrawfromtreatedareas,ormanurefromanimalsthathavegrazedforageoreatenhayharvestedfromtreatedareaswithintheprevious3days,incompostormulchthatwillbeappliedtoareaswherecommerciallygrownmushroomsorsusceptiblebroadleafplantsmaybegrown�

♦ Donotspreadmanurefromanimalsthathavegrazedorconsumedforageoreatenhayfromtreatedareaswithintheprevious3daysonlandusedforgrowingsusceptiblebroadleafcrops�


© The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved. 74 SpecimenLabelRevised08-10-10

♦ Manurefromanimalsthathavegrazedforageoreatenhayharvestedfromaminopyralid-treatedareaswithintheprevious3daysmayonlybeusedonpasturegrasses,grassgrownforseed,andwheat�

♦ Donotplantabroadleafcropinfieldstreatedinthepreviousyearwithmanurefromanimalsthathavegrazedforageoreatenhayharvestedfromaminopyralid-treatedareasuntilanadequatelysensitivefieldbioassayisconductedtodeterminethattheaminopyralidconcentrationinthesoilisatlevelthatisnotinjurioustothecroptobeplanted�

♦ Topromoteherbicidedecomposition,plantresiduesshouldbeevenlyincorporatedinthesurfacesoilorburned�Breakdownofaminopyralidinplantresiduesormanureismorerapidunderwarm,moistsoilconditionsandmaybeenhancedbysupplementalirrigation�

· Crop Rotation: Donotrotatetoanycropfromrangeland,permanentpastureorCRPacreswithinoneyearfollowingtreatment�Donotplantabroadleafcropuntilanadequatelysensitivefieldbioassayshowsthatthelevelofaminopyralidpresentinthesoilwillnotadverselyaffectthatbroadleafcrop�

Field Bioassay Instructions: Infieldspreviouslytreatedwiththisproduct,plantshorttestrowsoftheintendedrotationalcropacrosstheoriginaldirectionofapplicationinamannertosamplevariabilityinfieldconditionssuchassoiltexture,soilorganicmatter,soilpH,rainfallpatternordrainage�Thefieldbioassaycanbeinitiatedatanytimebetweenharvestofthetreatedcropandtheplantingoftheintendedrotationalcrop�Observethetestcropforsymptomsofherbicidalactivity,suchaspoorstand(effectonseedgermination),chlorosis(yellowing),andnecrosis(deadleavesorshoots),orstunting(reducedgrowth)�Ifherbicidalsymptomsdonotoccur,thetestcropcanbegrown�Ifthereisapparentherbicidalactivity,donotplantthefieldtotheintendedrotationalcrop;plantonlytowheat,foragegrasses,nativegrassesorgrassesgrownforhay�

Sprayer Clean-Out InstructionsIt is recommended to use separate spray equipment on highly sensitive crops such as tobacco, soybeans, peanuts and tomatoes. DonotusesprayequipmentusedtoapplyMilestoneforotherapplicationstolandplantedto,ortobeplantedto,broadleafplantsunlessithasbeendeterminedthatallresiduesofthisherbicidehasbeenremovedbythoroughcleaningofequipment� EquipmentusedtoapplyMilestoneshouldbethoroughlycleanedbeforereusingtoapplyanyotherchemicalsasfollows:1� Rinseandflushapplicationequipmentthoroughlyafteruse�

Disposeofrinsewaterinnon-croplandareaawayfromwatersupplies�

2� Rinseasecondtime,adding1quartofhouseholdammoniaortankcleaningagentforevery25gallonsofwater�Circulatethesolutionthroughtheentiresystemsothatallinternalsurfacesarecontacted(15to20minutes)�Letthesolutionstandforseveralhours,preferablyovernight�

3� Flushthesolutionoutofthespraytankthroughtheboom�4� Rinsethesystemtwicewithcleanwater,recirculatingand

drainingeachtime�5� Spraynozzlesandscreensshouldberemovedandcleaned

separately�

· Donotapplythisproductwithmistblowersystemsthatdeliververyfinespraydroplets�Useofmistblowerequipmentcanreducecontrolachievedwiththeherbicideandincreasespraydriftpotential�

Application Methods ApplythespecifiedrateofMilestoneasacoarselow-pressurespray�Donotapplythisproductwithmistblowersystemsthatdeliververyfinespraydroplets�Sprayvolumeshouldbesufficienttouniformlycoverfoliage�Increasesprayvolumetoensurethoroughanduniformcoveragewhentargetvegetationistalland/ordense�Toenhancefoliagewettingandcoverage,anapprovednon-ionicagriculturalsurfactantmaybeaddedtothespraymixtureasspecifiedbythesurfactantlabel� Ground Broadcast Application:Highersprayvolumes(greaterthan10gallonsperacre)generallyprovidebettercoverageandbettercontrol,particularlyindenseand/ortallfoliage� Aerial Broadcast Application:Donotapplylessthan2gallonsperacretotalsprayvolume�Fivegallonsperacreorgreaterwillgenerallyprovidebettercoverageandbettercontrol,particularlyindenseand/ortallfoliage� High-Volume Foliar Application: Highvolumefoliartreatmentsmaybeappliedatratesequivalenttobroadcastuptoamaximumof7flozperacreperannualgrowingseason�Usesufficientsprayvolumetothoroughlyanduniformlywetfoliageandstems� Spot Application:Spottreatmentsmaybeappliedatanequivalentbroadcastrateofupto0�22lbacidequivalent(14flozofMilestone)peracreperannualgrowingseason;however,notmorethan50%ofanacremaybetreatedatthatrate�Donotapplymorethanatotalof0�11lbacidequivalent(7flozperacreofMilestoneperannualgrowingseasonasaresultofbroadcast,spotorrepeatapplications�)Sprayvolumeshouldbesufficienttothoroughlyanduniformlywetweedfoliage,butnottothepointofrunoff�Repeattreatmentsmaybemade,butthetotalamountofMilestoneappliedmustnotexceed7flozperacreperyear�Topreventmisapplication,spottreatmentsshouldbeappliedwithacalibratedsprayer� Note:Table1belowshowsmixesforvarioussprayeroutputsingallonsperacre(GPA)�

Table 1:AmountofMilestone(inmL)tomixin1 gallon of water

Gallons per acre Milestone amount (in mL) to mix with various application rates

GPA 5 fl oz/a 7 fl oz/a 14 fl oz/a

20 7�5 10�5 21�0

30 5�0 7�0 14�0

40 3�8 5�3 10�5

50 3�0 4�2 8�4

60 2�5 3�5 7�0

70 2�1 3�0 6�0

80 1�9 2�6 5�3

90 1�7 2�3 4�7

100 1�5 2�1 4�2

Useasyringetomeasurecc

Conversions:1tsp=5mL 30ml=1fluidounce 1cc=1mL3tsp=1Tbsp 2Tbsp=1fluidounce Table 2:Applicationratesinthetablebelowarebasedontreatinganareaof1000sqft�Anareaof1000sqftisabout10�5by10�5yardsinsize�MixtheamountofMilestone(flozormilliliters)correspondingtothedesiredbroadcastratein0�5to2�5gallonsofwater,dependinguponthesprayvolumerequiredtotreat1000sqft�Adeliveryvolumeof0�5to2�5gallonsper1000sqftisequivalentto22to109gallonsperacre�

Table2:AmountofMilestoneper1000sqfttoEqualBroadcastRate

Amount of Milestone per 1000 sq ft to Equal Broadcast Rate

Broadcast Rate(fl oz/acre)

Amount of Milestone per 1000 sq ft

(fl oz) (Milliliters)

3 0�069 2

5 0�115 3�4

7 0�161 4�8 Note:1fluidounce(floz)=29�6milliliters(mL)=2tablespoons=6teaspoons



Specimen Label Revised 08-10-105 SpecimenLabelRevised08-10-10

Table3:WeedsControlledNote:Numbersinparentheses(-)refertospecificusedirectionsforaparticularweedsspecies�

Common Name Scientific NameRate Range(fl oz/acre) Life Cycle Plant Family

amaranth,spiny Amaranthus spinosus 4to7 annual Amaranthaceae

bedstraw Galium spp. 4to7 perennial Rubiaceae

beggarticks Bidens spp. 4to7 annual Asteracea

broomweed,annual Amphiachyris dracunculoides 4to7 annual Asteraceae

burdock,common*,** Arctium minus 4to7 biennial Asteraceae

buttercup,hairy* Ranunculus sardous 4to7 annual Ranunculaceae

buttercup,tall*,* Ranunculus acris 4to7 perennial Ranunculaceae

camelthorn Alhagi pseudalhagi 5to7 perennial Fabaceae

chamomile,scentless Matricaria inodora 4to7 annual Asteraceae

chicory* Cichorium intybus 4to6 perennial Asteraceae

chickweed Stellaria media 7 annual Caryophyllaceae

cinquefoil,sulfur(1)*,** Potentilla recta 4to7 perennial Rosaceae

cocklebur Xanthium strumarium 3to5 annual Asteraceae

To calculate the amount of Milestone for areas larger than 1000 sq ft:Multiplythetablevalue(flozormilliliters)bytheareatobetreatedin"thousands"ofsquarefeet�Forexample,iftheareatobetreatedis3500sqft,multiplythetablevalueby3�5(3500sqftdividedby1000sqft=3�5)�

Mixing Instructions Mixing with Water:Topreparethespray,addabouthalftherequiredamountofwaterinthespraytank�Then,withagitation,addthespecifiedamountofMilestoneandotherregisteredtankmixherbicides�Finally,withcontinuedagitation,addtherestofthewaterandadditivessuchassurfactantsordriftcontrolanddepositionaids� Addition of Surfactants or Adjuvants on All Labled Use Sites:Theadditionofahighqualitynon-ionicsurfactant(ofatleast80%activeingredient)at0�25to0�5%volumepervolume(1to2quartsper100gallonsofspray)isrecommendedtoenhanceherbicideactivityunderadverseenvironmentalconditions(suchas,hightemperature,lowrelativehumidity,droughtconditions,dustyplantsurfaces)orwhenweedsareheavilypubescentormoremature� Tank Mixing with Other Herbicides:Milestoneatratesofupto7flozperacremaybemixedwithlabeledratesofotherherbicidesregisteredforapplicationonalllabeledusesites�Milestonemaybeappliedintankmixcombinationwithlabeledratesofotherherbicidesprovided:(1)thetankmixproductislabeledforthetimingandmethodofapplicationfortheusesitetobetreatedand(2)mixingisnotprohibitedbythelabeloftheregisteredtankmixedproducts,and(3)thatthetankmixcombinationisphysicallycompatible(seetankmixcompatibilitytestingbelow)�Whentankmixing,useonlyinaccordancewiththerestrictions,precautionsandlimitationsontherespectiveproductlabels� · Readcarefullyandfollowallapplicableusedirections,precautions,

andlimitationsontherespectiveproductlabels�· Donotexceedspecifiedapplicationrates�Ifproductscontaining

thesameactiveingredientaremixed,donotexceedthemaximumallowableactiveingredientuserates�

· Fordirectinjectionorothersprayequipmentwheretheproductformulationswillbemixedinundilutedform,specialcareshouldbetakentoensuretankmixcompatibility�

· Alwaysperformajartesttoensurethecompatibilityofproductstobeusedintankmixture�

Tank Mix Compatibility Testing:PerformajartestpriortomixinginaspraytanktoensurecompatibilityofMilestoneandotherpesticidesorcarriers�Useaclearglassjarwithlidandmixingredientsinthesameorderandproportionsaswillbeusedinthespraytank�Themixtureiscompatibleifthematerialsmixreadilywhenthejarisinvertedseveraltimes�Themixtureshouldremainstableafterstandingfor1/2houror,ifseparationoccurs,shouldreadilyremixifagitated�Anincompatiblemixtureisindicatedbyseparationintodistinctlayersthatdonotreadilyremixwhenagitatedand/orthepresenceofflakes,precipitates,gels,orheavyoilyfilminthejar�Useofanappropriatecompatibilityaidmayresolvemixincompatibility�Ifthemixtureisincompatibledonotusethattankmixpartnerintankmixtures� Mixing with Sprayable Liquid Fertilizer Solutions: Milestoneisusuallycompatiblewithliquidfertilizersolutions�ItisanticipatedthatMilestonewillnotrequireacompatibilityagentformixingwithfertilizers;however,acompatibilitytest(jartest)shouldbemadepriortomixing�Jartestsareparticularlyimportantwhenanewbatchoffertilizerorpesticideisused,whenwatersourceschange,orwhentankmixtureingredientsor

concentrationsarechanged�Compatibilitymaybedeterminedbymixingthespraycomponentsinthedesiredorderandproportionsinaclearglassjarbeforelargescalemixingofspraycomponentsinthespraytank� Note:Thelowerthetemperatureoftheliquidfertilizer,thegreaterthelikelihoodofmixingproblems�UseofacompatibilityaidmayberequiredifMilestoneismixedwitha2,4-D-containingproductandliquidfertilizer�Mixing Milestone and 2,4-D in N-P or N-P-K liquid fertilizer solutions is more difficult than mixing with straight nitrogen fertilizer and should not be attempted without first conducting a successful compatibility jar test.Agitationinthespraytankmustbevigoroustobecomparablewithjartestagitation�Applythespraymixturethesamedayitispreparedwhilemaintainingcontinuousagitation�Rinsethespraytankthoroughlyafteruse� Note:Foliar-appliedliquidfertilizersthemselvescancauseyellowingofthefoliageofforagegrassesandothervegetation�

Use Rates and Timing Milestonemaybeappliedpostemergenceasabroadcastsprayorasaspotapplicationtocontrolweedsincluding,butnotlimitedto,thoselistedonthislabel�Whenaraterangeisgivenusethehigherratetocontrolweedsatadvancedgrowthstages,orunderlessthanfavorablegrowingconditions,orforlongerresidualcontrol�Bestresultsareobtainedwhensprayvolumeissufficienttoprovideuniformcoverageoftreatedweeds�ForoptimumuptakeandtranslocationofMilestone,avoidmowing,haying,shredding,burningorsoildisturbanceintreatedareasforatleast14daysfollowingapplication� Milestonealsoprovidespreemergencecontrolofemergingseedlingsofsusceptibleweeds,andre-growthofcertainperennialweedsfollowingapplication�Preventingestablishmentofweedswilldependuponapplicationrate,seasonofapplication,andenvironmentalconditionsafterapplication� Milestonecanprovidelong-termcontrolofsusceptibleweeds�Thelengthofcontrolisdependentupontheapplicationrate,conditionandgrowthstageoftargetweeds,environmentalconditionsatandfollowingapplication,andthedensityandvigorofcompetingdesirablevegetation�Long-termweedcontrolismosteffectivewheregrassvegetationisallowedtorecoverfromovergrazing,drought,etc�,andcompetewithweeds� Milestonecanbeanimportantcomponentofintegratedvegetationmanagementprogramsdesignedtorenovateorrestoredesiredplantcommunities�TomaximizeandextendthebenefitsofweedcontrolprovidedbyMilestone,itisimportantthatothervegetationmanagementpractices,includingpropergrazingmanagement,biologicalcontrolagents,replanting,fertilization,prescribedfire,etc�,beusedinappropriatesequencesandcombinationstofurtheralleviatetheadverseeffectsofweedsondesirableplantspeciesandtopromotedevelopmentofdesiredplantcommunities�Agriculturalandnaturalresourcesspecialistswithfederalandstategovernmentagenciescanprovideguidanceonbestmanagementpracticesanddevelopmentofintegratedvegetationmanagementprograms� Weeds Controlled ThefollowingweedswillbecontrolledwiththeratesofMilestoneindicatedbelow(table3)�Forbestresults,mostweedsshouldbetreatedwhentheyareactivelygrowingandunderconditionsfavorableforgrowth�Useahigherrateintheraterangewhengrowingconditionsarelessthanfavorableorwhenweedfoliageistallanddense,orwhenresidualcontrolisdesired�Milestonealsoprovidespreemergencecontrolofgerminatingseedsorseedlingsofsusceptibleweedsfollowingapplication�



6 SpecimenLabelRevised08-10-10

Common Name Scientific NameRate Range(fl oz/acre) Life Cycle Plant Family

clover Trifolium spp. 5to7 perennial Fabaceae

croton,tropic Croton glandulosus 3to5 annual Euphorbiaceae

crownvetch Securigera varia 5to7 perennial Fabaceae

cudweed,purple Gamochaeta purpurea 4to7 annual Asteraceae

daisy,oxeye(1)*,** Leucanthemum vulgare 4to7 perennial Asteraceae

dock,curly* Rumex crispus 4to7 perennial Polygonaceae

eveningprimrose,cutleaf Oenothera laciniata 4to7 annual Onagraceae

fiddleneck,common Amsinckiaintermedia 7 annual Boraginaceae

fireweed Epilobium angustifolium 5to7 perennial Onagraceae

fleabane,flax-leaf Conyza bonariensis 4to7 annual Asteraceae

hawkweed,orange(2)*,** Hieracium aurantiacum 4to7 perennial Asteraceae

hawkweed,yellow(2)*,** Hieracium caespitosum 4to7 perennial Asteraceae

henbit* Lamium amplexicaule 5to7 annual/biennial Lamiaceae

horsenettle,Carolina** Solanum carolinense 4to7 perennial Solanaceae

horseweed(marestail) Conyza canadensis 4to7 annual Asteraceae

ironweed,tall Vernonia gigantea 5to7 perennial Asteraceae

ironweed,western Vernonia baldwinii 7 perennial Asteraceae

knapweed,diffuse(3)*,** Centaurea diffusa 5to7 biennial/perennial Asteraceae

knapweed,Russian(4)*,** Acroptilon repens 5to7 perennial Asteraceae

knapweed,spotted(3)*,** Centaurea stoebe 5to7 biennial/perennial Asteraceae

knapweeds Centaurea spp. 5to7 biennial/perennial Asteraceae

kudzu*,** Pueraria montana 7 perennial Fabaceae

lady’sthumb* Polygonum persicaria 3to5 annual Polygonaceae

lambsquarters Chenopodium album 5to7 annual Chenopodiaceae

locust,black Robinia pseudoacacia 7 woodyperennial Fabaceae

locust,honey Gleditsia triacanthos 7 woodyperennial Fabaceae

mayweed,scentless* Tripleurospermum perforata 4to7 annual Asteraceae

mayweed,stinking*,** Anthemis cotula 7 annual Asteraceae

medic,black* Medicago lupulina 4to7 perennial Fabaceae

mimosa Albizia julibrissin 7 woodyperennial Fabaceae

mullein(5) Verbascum spp. 7 biennial Scrophulariaceae

oxtongue,bristly Picris echioides 5to7 biennial Asteraceae

ragweed,common** Ambrosia artemisiifolia 3to5 annual Asteraceae

ragweed,western Ambrosia psilostachya 4to7 perennial Asteraceae

ragwort,tansy*,** Senecio jacobaea 5to7 perennial Asteraceae

redbud Cercis Canadensis 7 woodyperennial Fabaceae

rushskeletonweed Chondrilla juncea 5to7 perennial Asteraceae

smartweed,Pennsylvania Polygonum pensylvanicum 3to5 annual Polygonaceae

sneezeweed,bitter Helenium amarum 4to7 annual Asteraceae

sodaapple,tropical(6)*,** Solanum viarum 5to7 perennial Solanaceae

sowthistle,perennial*,** Sonchus arvensis 3to5 perennial Asteraceae

spanishneedles Bidens bipinnata 4to7 annual Asteraceae

St�Johnswort,common Hypericum perforatum 5to7 perennial Clusiaceae

star-thistle,Malta(7)*,** Centaurea melitensis 3to5 annual Asteraceae

starthirstle,purple(7)*�** Centaurea calcitrapa 3to5 biennial Asteraceae

starthistle,yellow(7)*,** Centaurea solstitialis 3to5 annual Asteraceae

sunflower,common Helianthus annuus 4to7 annual Asteraceae

teasel Dipsacus spp. 4to7 biennial Dipsacaceae

thistle,artichoke Cynara cardunculus 5to7 perennial Asteracea

thistle,bull(8)*,** Cirsium vulgare 3to5 biennial Asteraceae

thistle,Canada(9)*,** Cirsium arvense 5to7 perennial Asteraceae

thistle,woollydistaff Carthamus lanatus 4to7 annual Asteraceae

thistle,Italian Carduus pycnocephalus 7 annual Asteraceae

thistle,musk(8)*,** Carduus nutans 3to5 biennial Asteraceae

thistle,plumeless(8)*,** Carduus acanthoides 3to5 biennial Asteraceae

thistle,Scotch*,** Onopordum acanthium 5to7 biennial Asteracea

Table3:WeedsControlled(Cont�)

10 © The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved.7 SpecimenLabelRevised08-10-10

*�InvasiveplantsareintroducedspeciesthatareindicatedtobeinvasiveintheUSDA-NRCS,PLANTSDatabase(http://plants�usda�gov/index�html)�**�Plantsdesignatedasnoxiousweedsinatleastonestate(PLANTS

Database,USDA-NRCS,http://plants�usda�gov/index�html)�

(1) Sulfur cinquefoil or oxeye daisy: ApplyMilestoneat4to6fiozperacretoplantsintheprebudstageofdevelopment�

(2) Orange or yellow hawkweeds:ApplyMilestoneat4to7fiozperacretoplantsintheboltingstageofdevelopment�

(3) Diffuse and spotted knapweeds:ApplyMilestoneat5to7fiozperacrewhenplantsareactivelygrowingwiththeoptimumtimeofapplicationoccurringfromrosettetotheboltingstagesofdevelopmentorinthefall�Plantswillbecontrolledbymid-summerandfallapplicationseventhoughplantsmaynotshowanychangesinformorstaturetheyearofapplication�

(4) Russian knapweed:ApplyMilestoneat5to7fiozperacretoplantsinthespringandsummertoplantsfromearlybudtofioweringstageandtodormantplantsinthefall�

(5) Mullein:Applytotherosettestage(6) Tropical soda apple:ApplyMilestoneat5to7fiozperacreat

anygrowthstage,butapplicationbyfioweringwillreduceseedproductionpotential�

(7) Malta, purple, and Yellow starthistle:ApplyMilestoneat3to5fiozperacretoplantsattherosettethroughboltinggrowthstages�

(8) Bull, musk, and plumeless thistles:ApplyMilestoneat3to5fiozperacreinthespringandearlysummertorosetteorboltingplantsorinthefalltoseedlingsandrosettes�Applyat4to5fiozwhenplantsareatthelateboltthroughearlyfioweringgrowthstages�2,4-Dat1lbae/acreshouldbetank-mixedwithMilestonestartingatthelatebudstages

(9) Canada thistle:ApplyMilestoneat5to7fiozperacreeitherinthespringtoplantsintheprebudtoearlybudgrowthstage–thegoalistoinsureallplantshaveemerged�Applicationsarealsoeffectiveinthefallbeforeakillingfrost�

(10) Absinth wormwood: Apply6to7fiozperacrebeforewormwoodis12inchestall�WhenapplyingbyaironCRP,coverageisimportantandaminimumof3GPAisspecifled�Removeoldduffandlitterbyflreormowingforbestresults

Precautions for Avoiding Spray Drift Avoidapplicationunderconditionsthatmayallowspraydriftbecauseverysmallquantitiesofspray,whichmaynotbevisible,mayinjuresusceptiblecrops�Thisproductshouldbeappliedonlywhenthepotentialfordrifttoadjacentsensitiveareas(e�g�,residentialareas,bodiesofwater,non-targetcropsandotherplants)isminimal(e�g�,whenwindisblowingawayfromthesensitiveareas�Adriftcontrolaidmaybeaddedtothespraysolutiontofurtherreducethepotentialfordrift�Ifadriftcontrolaidisused,followtheusedirectionsandprecautionsonthemanufacturer'slabel�DonotuseathickeningagentwithMicrofoil,Thru-Valvebooms,orotherspraydeliverysystemsthatcannotaccommodatethickenedspraysolutions� Ground Equipment: Withgroundequipmentspraydriftcanbelessenedbykeepingthesprayboomaslowaspossible;byapplying10gallonsormoreofsprayperacre;bykeepingtheoperatingspraypressuresatthemanufacturer'sspecifledminimumpressuresforthespeciflcnozzletypeused(lowpressurenozzlesareavailablefromsprayequipmentmanufacturers);andbysprayingwhenthewindvelocityislow(followstateregulations)�Avoidcalmconditionswhichmaybeconducivetothermalinversions�Directspraysnohigherthanthetopsoftargetvegetationandkeepspraypressureslowenoughtoprovidecoarsespraydropletstominimizedrift� Aerial Application: Avoidspraydriftattheapplicationsite�Theinteractionofmanyequipment-and-weather-relatedfactorsdeterminethepotentialforspraydrift�Usersareresponsibleforconsideringallthesefactorswhenmakingdecisions� Thefollowingdriftmanagementrequirementsmustbefollowedtoavoidoff-targetdriftmovementfromaerialapplications: 1� Thedistanceoftheoutermostoperatingnozzlesontheboommust

notexceed75%ofwingspanor85%ofrotordiameter�2� Nozzlesshouldbepointedbackwardparallelwiththeairstreamornot

pointeddownwardsmorethan45degrees�

Stateregulationsmustbefollowed� TheapplicatorshouldbefamiliarwithandtakeintoaccounttheinformationcoveredinthefollowingAerial Drift Reduction Advisory�Thisinformationisadvisoryinnatureanddoesnotsupersedemandatorylabelrequirements�

Aerial Drift Reduction Advisory Information on Droplet Size: Themosteffectivewaytoreducedriftpotentialistoapplylargedroplets�Thebestdriftmanagementstrategyistoapplythelargestdropletsthatprovidesufflcientcoverageandcontrol�Applyinglargerdropletsreducesdriftpotential,butwillnotpreventdriftifapplicationsaremadeimproperly,orunderunfavorableenvironmentalconditions(seeWind,TemperatureandHumidity,andTemperatureInversions)� Controlling Droplet Size:· Volume-Usehighfiowratenozzlestoapplythehighestpractical

sprayvolume�Nozzleswithhigherratedfiowsproducelargerdroplets�· Pressure-Donotexceedthenozzlemanufacturer’sspecifled

pressures�Formanynozzletypeslowerpressureproduceslargerdroplets�Whenhigherfiowratesareneeded,usehigherfiowratenozzlesinsteadofincreasingpressure�

· Number of Nozzles-Usetheminimumnumberofnozzlesthatwillprovideuniformcoverage�

· Nozzle Orientation-Orientnozzlessothatthesprayisreleasedparalleltotheairstreamtoproducelargerdropletsthanotherorientations�Signiflcantdefiectionfromhorizontalwillreducedropletsizeandincreasedriftpotential�

· Nozzle Type-Useanozzletypethatisdesignedfortheintendedapplication�Withmostnozzletypes,narrowersprayanglesproducelargerdroplets�Considerusinglow-driftnozzles�Solidstreamnozzlesorientedstraightbackproducethelargestdropletsandthelowestdrift�

Boom Length: Thedistanceoftheoutermostoperatingnozzlesontheboommustnotexceed75%ofwingspanor85%ofrotordiameter� Application Height:Applicationsshouldnotbemadeataheightgreaterthan10feetabovethetopofthelargestplantsunlessagreaterheightisrequiredforaircraftsafety�Makingapplicationsatthelowestheightthatissafereducesexposureofdropletstoevaporationandwind� Swath Adjustment:Whenapplicationsaremadewithacrosswind,theswathwillbedisplaceddownwind�Therefore,ontheupanddownwindedgesofthefleld,theapplicatormustcompensateforthisdisplacementbyadjustingthepathoftheaircraftupwind�Swathadjustmentdistanceshouldincrease,withincreasingdriftpotential(higherwind,smallerdrops,etc�)� Wind:Driftpotentialislowestbetweenwindspeedsof2to10mph�However,manyfactors,includingdropletsizeandequipmenttypedeterminedriftpotentialatanygivenspeed�Applicationshouldbeavoidedbelow2mphduetovariablewinddirectionandhighinversionpotential�Note:Localterrainsuchasvalleysandravinescaninfiuencewindpatterns�Everyapplicatorshouldbefamiliarwithlocalwindpatternsandhowtheyaffectspraydrift� Temperature and Humidity:Whenmakingapplicationsinlowrelativehumidity,setupequipmenttoproducelargerdropletstocompensateforevaporation�Dropletevaporationismostseverewhenconditionsarebothhotanddry� Temperature Inversions:Applicationsshouldnotoccurduringalocal,lowleveltemperatureinversionbecausedriftpotentialishigh�Temperatureinversionsrestrictverticalairmixing,whichcausessmallsuspendeddropletstoremaininaconcentratedcloud�Thiscloudcanmoveinunpredictabledirectionsduetothelightvariablewindscommonduringinversions�Temperatureinversionsarecharacterizedbyincreasingtemperatureswithaltitudeandarecommononnightswithlimitedcloudcoverandlighttonowind�Theybegintoformasthesunsetsandoftencontinueintothemorning�Theirpresencecanbeindicatedbygroundfog;however,iffogisnotpresent,inversionscanalsobeidentifledbythemovementofthesmokefromagroundsourceoranaircraftsmokegenerator�Smokethatlayersandmoveslaterallyinaconcentratedcloud(underlowwindconditions)indicatesaninversion,whilesmokethatmovesupwardandrapidlydissipatesindicatesgoodverticalairmixing�

Table3:WeedsControlled(Cont�)

Common Name Scientiflc NameRate Range(fi oz/acre) Life Cycle Plant Family

vetch Vicia spp. 3to7 perennial Fabaceae

wisteria Wisteria brachybotris 7 woodyperennial Fabaceae

wormwood,absinth(10)*,** Artemisia absinthium 6to7 perennial Asteraceae

yarrow,common Achillea millefolium 7 perennial Asteraceae



Specimen Label Revised 08-10-108 SpecimenLabelRevised08-10-10

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