Extended Summary: Media Bias Characterization in Brazilian Presidential Elections

Allan SalesLeandro BalbyAdriano Veloso

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Media Bias Example

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TV Globo and Record TV announcing the brazilian president receptioning in Israel

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“While receiving Bolsonaro, Israeli first minister is also facing corruption charges”

Framing effect

Record TV TV Globo

“Jair Bolsonaro was received in the airport by the Israeli first minister, that, in 10 years, only repeated the gesture to four other heads of state.”

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People’s opinions might change based on how information is presented to them

Why should I care?

Context

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News Dataset

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News Outlet Year #News/year Total

FolhaSP

2010 11.895

41.3392014 11.816

2018 17.628

Estadão

2010 10.072

52.2382014 8.717

2018 33.449

VEJA

2010 2.778

16.9022014 6.226

2018 7.898

Carta Capital

2010 1.264

4.6512014 997

2018 2.390

Bias Indicators

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Coverage

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Definition

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Coverage Bias (CB):

● Actual Coverage Rate (ACR)○ Number of news (intuition)

● Expected Coverage Rate (ECR)○ Average number of news per news outlet (intuition)

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Results

Candidates that made to the 2° round

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Candidates that made to the 2° round

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Candidates that made to the 2° round

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Association

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Word Embedding Association Test

Based on Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Unveils unconscious associations we make between concepts

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Word Embedding Association Test - Define Targets and Attributes

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Word Embedding Association Test - Define Words

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Word Embedding Association Test - Measure Distance

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Word Embedding Association Test - Associate Targets to Attributes

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Targets and Attributes

Targets:

● Candidatures - 2018○ Haddad, Bolsonaro, Ciro,

Marina

● Candidatures - 2014○ Dilma, Aécio, Marina

● Candidatures - 2010○ Dilma, Serra, Marina

Attributes:

● Social○ Immoral x Moral○ Terrible x Great○ Acceptable x Unacceptable

● Economic○ Development x Stagnation○ Deficit x Surplus

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Word Embedding Association Test - Instantiation

Association Results

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Results - Splitted by news outlet and election year

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Results - Example

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Results - 2018 - Negativity associated to Bolsonaro

Subjectivity

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Are we reading a fact or someone’s opinion about a fact?

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Subjectivity Dimensions*

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● Argumentation: related to argumentative discourse;○ Ex.: at least, moreover.

● Presupposition: previous assumption of something;○ Ex.: guess, admit.

● Sentiment: emotional speech;○ Ex.: calm down, stressful.

● Valoration: related to intensification of something;○ Ex.: hugely, better.

● Modalization: indicates an established position on something or someone.○ Ex.: undeniable, unquestionable.

* (AMORIM; CANÇADO; VELOSO, 2018)

Subjectivity Computation

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Subjectivity Results

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Results

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Results - Most Subjective

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Final Remarks

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Final Remarks

Methodology for investigating Media Bias

Carta Capital and VEJA corroborate with common sense

Portuguese corpora!

Media Bias Characterization in Brazilian Presidential Elections

Allan SalesLeandro BalbyAdriano Veloso

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