Expressing ActionsExpressing Actions

Subject Pronouns: Subject Pronouns:

Present TensePresent Tense

- AR Verbs- AR Verbs

Subject PronounsSubject Pronouns

SingularSingularYo Yo IITú Tú You You

(fam)(fam)

Usted (Ud) Usted (Ud) You You (form)(form)

Él Él HeHe

Ella Ella SheShe

PluralPluralNosotros (a) Nosotros (a)

WeWeVosotros (a) Vosotros (a)

YouYou {fam/Plural/Spain}{fam/Plural/Spain}

Ustedes (Uds.) Ustedes (Uds.) YouYou (f)(f)

Ellos (a) Ellos (a) TheyThey

Subject PronounsSubject Pronouns

They represent the person or thing that They represent the person or thing that performs performs

the actions in a sentencethe actions in a sentence

Mark Mark he he Marcos Marcos él él Lori Lori she she LoriLori ella ella Mark and Lori Mark and Lori They They Marcos y Lori Marcos y Lori Ellos Ellos Mike y Jeff Mike y Jeff They They Miguel y Jeff Miguel y Jeff Ellos Ellos Ashley and Irina Ashley and Irina They They Ashley e Irina Ashley e Irina Ellas Ellas

In Latin America, the US and In Latin America, the US and Canada, the plural for both Canada, the plural for both ustedusted and and tútú is ustedes. is ustedes.

In In SpainSpain, however, , however, vosotros/vosotrasvosotros/vosotras is the plural of is the plural of tútú, while , while ustedesustedes is used as the is used as the plural of usted exclusively.plural of usted exclusively.

VOSOTROSVOSOTROS

Los verbos infinitivosLos verbos infinitivosInfinitive verbsInfinitive verbs

It indicates the action or state of being, It indicates the action or state of being, with no reference to who or what performs with no reference to who or what performs the action or when it is done. the action or when it is done.

In Spanish all infinitves end in In Spanish all infinitves end in

– –arar, , -er-er, , –ir–ir. . Infinitives in English are indicated by: Infinitives in English are indicated by:

to: to to: to speak, speak, toto eat, eat, toto live. live. -ar-ar: habl: hablarar toto speak speak -er-er: com: comerer toto eat eat -ir-ir: viv: vivirir toto live live

Conjugation Conjugation (conjugación)(conjugación)This verb means to give various forms of

the verb with their corresponding subjects:

I speak, you speak, he/she speaks, All regular verbs in Spanish are conjugated

by adding “personal endings” that reflect the subject doing the action.

Infinitive: Steam: Hablar Habl- Comer Com- Vivir Viv-

Regular –ar endings:Regular –ar endings:-o, -as, -a, -amos, --o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -anáis, -an

SingularSingularYo hablYo habloo

Tú hablTú hablasas

Él hablÉl hablaa

Ella hablElla hablaa

Usted hablUsted hablaa

PluralPluralNosotros(as) Nosotros(as)

hablhablamosamos

Vosotros(as) hablVosotros(as) habláisáis

Ustedes/ellos Ustedes/ellos hablhablanan

Omission of subject Omission of subject pronounspronouns

Subject Pronouns (such as Subject Pronouns (such as yo, tú, Ud., él, yo, tú, Ud., él, ella, nosotros, vosotros, ellos/asella, nosotros, vosotros, ellos/as) are ) are NOTNOT used as frequently in Spanish as they are used as frequently in Spanish as they are in English, and may usually be omitted. in English, and may usually be omitted.

Why?Why?

Because we can find the person (the Because we can find the person (the pronoun) that we are referring to, in the pronoun) that we are referring to, in the conjugation of the verb. conjugation of the verb.

……Let’s see why! Let’s see why! ……

HablarHablar with with subject subject pronounspronouns

Yo Yo hablohablo con la con la profesoraprofesora

TúTú necesitasnecesitas el libro el libro

NosotrosNosotros esperamosesperamos la la claseclase

UstedesUstedes bailanbailan salsa salsa muy bienmuy bien

Él, ella, usted Él, ella, usted cantacanta muy lindo (muy lindo (nicenice))

HablarHablar without without subj. subj. pronounspronouns

HabloHablo con la profesora con la profesora NecesitasNecesitas el libro el libro EsperamosEsperamos la clase la clase Bailan Bailan salsa muy biensalsa muy bien CantaCanta muy lindo ( muy lindo (nicenice))

Negation / NegaciónNegation / Negación

In Spanish the word In Spanish the word NONO is placed is placed before the conjugated verb to before the conjugated verb to make a negative sentence.make a negative sentence.

Ejemplo:Ejemplo:

El estudiante El estudiante NONO HABLAHABLA español español

NONO NECESITONECESITO dinero dinero