exppyperiences from norway on lng as ship fuel. … · exppyperiences from norway on lng as ship...

Experiences from Norway on LNG as ship fuel.p y pHelsinki 18th November 2011

Ulf T FreudendahlUlf T Freudendahl

Gas fuelled ships- before year 2000p y CNG driven ships in Russia, Netherlands, US, Canada, Australia

Gas engine installations for maritime/ offshore use (mainly FPSOs)Gas engine installations for maritime/ offshore use (mainly FPSOs)

LNG Carriers (dual fuel boilers)

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 2

The technology is available and in use today…gy y


…and there are many confirmed projects in the pipeliney p j p p


LNG fuelled vessels other than LNG Carriers.Ships in operation Confirmed orderbook

Year Type of vessel Owner Class2000 Car/passenger ferr Fjord1 DNV

Year Type of vessel Owner Class2011 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV2000 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV

2003 PSV Simon Møkster DNV2003 PSV Eidesvik DNV2006 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV

2011 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV2011 PSV Solstad Rederi DNV2011 General Cargo Nordnorsk Shipping DNV2012 PSV Olympic Shipping DNV2012 PSV Eidesvik DNV2012 PSV Eidesvik DNV2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV

2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV2008 PSV Eidesvik Shipping DNV2009 PSV Eidesvik Shipping DNV2009 Car/passenger ferry Tide Sjø DNV

2012 Ro-Ro Sea-Cargo DNV2012 Ro-Ro Sea-Cargo DNV2012 High speed RoPax Buquebus DNV2012 PSV Island Offshore DNV2012 PSV Island Offshore DNV

2009 Car/passenger ferry Tide Sjø DNV2009 Car/passenger ferry Tide Sjø DNV2009 Patrol vessel REM DNV2009 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV2010 Patrol vessel REM DNV2010 C / f Fj d1 DNV

2012 PSV REM DNV2013 Ro-Ro Norlines DNV2013 Ro-Ro Norlines DNV2013 Car/passenger ferry Torghatten Nord DNV2013 Car/passenger ferry Torghatten Nord DNV2013 Car/passenger ferry Torghatten Nord DNV2010 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV

2010 Patrol vessel REM DNV2010 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV2010 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV2010 Car/passenger ferry Fosen Namsos Sjø DNV2011 PSV DOF DNV

2013 Car/passenger ferry Torghatten Nord DNV2013 Car/passenger ferry Torghatten Nord DNV2013 RoPax Viking Line LR2013 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. Marine2013 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. Marine

2011 PSV DOF DNVPlanned conversionYear Type of vessel Owner2011 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV2011 Chemical tanker Tarbit Shipping GL2013 RoPax Fjordline DNV

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.

Teknologikonferansen 2011, Ålesund

Henning Mohn 13 October 2011

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2013 RoPax Fjordline DNV

LNG - more than just small scale…j


1 June 2011

LNG fuel

SOx NOxNOx

EU Ports

NOX - 92 %Gas Engine:CO2 - 23 %

SOX - 100 %

Particulate - 100 %


VOPAK Rotterdam

10 January 2011

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Particulate - 100 %

Fuel tanks onboard.

Gas tank Min. the lesser of B/5 and 11,5 m Never less than 760 mm

Top view B

Side view

Min. the lesser of B/15 and 2 mNever less than 760 mm

A shorter distance from ship side or bottom may be accepted after special consideration


Thursday, 09 June 2011

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A shorter distance from ship side or bottom may be accepted after special consideration

Fuel tank location on trucks

Source: VOLVO



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The Glutra gas ferry – full operation since 2000g y p


Tanks in stainless steel containers

Tank location


Viking Energy / Stril Pioneerg gy


OSV “Viking Energy”

Installation of the LNG k

St i l t l i l t d

LNG storage tank

Stainless steel vacuum insulated thermo tank provided by CRYO AB

Volume 220 m3

Design pressure 9 bar

Refuelling 50 – 70 ton LNG every 10th dayday



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LNG as ships fuel

15 November 2010

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LNG fuel for on board power production

Alternative to cold ironing?


VOPAK Rotterdam

10 January 2011

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RoRo vessel on order. IMS yard in India.y

The 132.8 m LNG fuelled Sea-Cargo vessel will be able to carry 5,600 tonnes of cargo, with up to 94 teu of containers on deck5,600 tonnes of cargo, with up to 94 teu of containers on deck an 1,240 lane-metres of ro-ro capability.


VOPAK

05 January 2011

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Source: Rolls Royce

The major shipyards and designers are positioningthemselves for a LNG fuelled future


Norway has a fairly well developed LNG infrastructure.y y p

Fuel availability / infrastructure, “chicken and egg”chicken and egg

Bunkering regulations needed

Technology / cost issues Technology / cost issues specific to each business case

Authorities can incentivise more rapid LNG uptake


1 June 2011

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Small scale LNG distribution in Norwayy


LNG overview

1 October 2010

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LNG as ships fuel

15 November 2010

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VOPAK Rotterdam

10 January 2011

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Ongoing standardization workg g Ship-to-Ship (STS) Gothenburg

- Operating procedures for LNG bunkering from b i P t f G th bbarge in Port of Gothenburg

- Study completed Summer 2010

Bungas- Same scope as STS, but new ship type and new

port; Port of Hamburg- Ongoing

ISO t d d f b k i d d ISO-standard for bunkering procedures and equipment- DNV proposed this scope to ISO committee- Ongoing- Ongoing.


LNG bunkering of passenger vessels

17 March 2011

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LNG is safe

Two main areas of difference from Two main areas of difference from other fuels:- Cryogenic effects

Forms gas clouds- Forms gas clouds

LNG has a strong track record LNG has a strong track record- No significant incidents with ships- Very few incidents on land

This performance is due to:- Stricter requirements- Good safety behaviourGood safety behaviour

LNG success stories in Norway due to Government requirements AND incentives


1 June 2011

2323

LNG success stories in Norway due to Government requirements AND incentives

Main safety challenges using LNG as fuel

Explosion risk- Flammable in range ab. 5-15% mixture in air Ignition source

Oxygen

Rapid phase transition

Natural gas Oxygen

Rapid phase transition Physical or cold explosion – heat from water constitutes 175 deg C temp difference


VOPAK

05 January 2011

24

In service experiencep Running experience after 8.000 hours



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Source: Cimac paper 125, Cimac 2010 BergenNiigata Power Systems

Experiences with LNG?p 20 ships launched over the past 10 years

S 200 000 h f ti l d Some 200 000 hours of operation logged

Qualitative feedback:L t- Less soot

- No SOx, reduced NOx- Less maintenance

Quantitative feedback:- Nothing we are aware of- However; no big incidents are recorded

S l LNG f ll d hi d Th t h l i f d Several LNG fuelled ships are on order. The technology is safe and available.

LNG ships in Norwegian trade qualify for NOx fund support


Teknologikonferansen 2011, Ålesund

Henning Mohn 13 October 2011

LNG ships in Norwegian trade qualify for NOx fund support .

26

SEA-CARGOGas propulsionSea-Cargo revised contract from diesel to gas in May 2008

Gas propulsion

• 2 ships granted support for the additional cost of gas p g pp g

propulsion

• Granted 3,8 and 2,8 million € for reductions of 200 and

146 NO146 tons NOx

• - 92 % NOx, -23 % CO2, zero emissions of SOx &

Particulate

The DNV Baltic Report findingsp g More than 2,000 ships operating at any

time

Annual ship emissions:- SOx: 135 000 tonnes

NOx: 400 000 tonnesKilpilahti (FIN)

Primorsk and St.Petersburg (RUS)

- NOx: 400 000 tonnes- CO2: 19 million tonnes

Ship emissions equals all land-based Tallinn (EST)p qNOx and twice the SOx emissions from Denmark & Sweden combined Gothenburg, SWE

Klaipeda (LIT)

Lübeck and Rostock (GER)Gdansk and Gdynia (POL)

Kaliningrad


VOPAK

05 January 2011

28

The full list of fuel alternatives LNG

Heavy Fuel Oil with exhaust cleaning Heavy Fuel Oil with exhaust cleaning

Distillate fuels

LPG LPG

GTL (incl methanol)

CNG

OilVS CNG

DME

Bi d l h lNatural Gas

VS

Biogas and alcohols

Hydrogen (as energy carrier)

( ) Oth

VS

Battery (as energy carrier)

Nuclear

Other


Marine Fuel Choice under Uncertainty

12 May 2011

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Direction of Fuel Prices….



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LNG can be great from an economic perspective – but price differential is crucial

4 USD/mmbtu

7-8 USD/mmbtu

10-11 USD/mmbtu


1 June 2011

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LNG pricing in Norwayp g y


LNG overview

1 October 2010

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Shale gas – a game changerg g g

Potential shale gas basins

Active exploitation (2010) Source: World Energy Council, US. Dept. of Energy, ‘No Hot Air'


21. November 2011

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Summary.y

Each trade is different – LNG makes sense for many.

Bunkering regulations needed - the industry is now developing practices and standards

Authority support and incentives is necessarry for shifting to clean fuel. LNG is y gone alternative.

LNG is safe We have knowledge to handleLNG is safe. We have knowledge to handle the the risks!


1 June 2011

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Safeguarding life, property g g , p p yand the environment

www dnv comwww.dnv.com


1 June 2011

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