explosive destruction technologies summary 23 october 2013
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Presented to: Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission and Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board Presented by: Jeffrey Kiley Risk Management Directorate PEO ACWATRANSCRIPT
Explosive Destruction Technologies Summary
23 October 2013
Presented to:
Kentucky Chemical Demilitarization Citizens’ Advisory Commission and Chemical Destruction Community Advisory Board
Presented by:
Jeffrey KileyRisk Management DirectoratePEO ACWA
A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
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Explosive Destruction TechnologiesSummary
Explosive Destruction System (EDS) Transportable Detonation Chamber (TDC)
Detonation of Ammunition in a Vacuum-Integrated Chamber (DAVINCH)
Static Detonation Chamber (SDC)
A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
BGCAPP
Not all current BGCAPP plant processes meet hold, test, release (HTR) criteria.
Agent/energetic hydrolysates are subject to hold, test and release. Agent vapors are vented from primary treatment processes (i.e.
agent and energetics neutralization reactors) and are processed through an off-gas treatment system (OTM) and multi-bed carbon filtration with monitoring.
The Munitions Demilitarization Building (MDB) is under engineering controls (cascade ventilation and multi-bed carbon filtration with continuous monitoring).
The agent vapors in room air from accessing the munitions and the output of the OTM are not subject to any HTR process. They are exhausted through the MDB carbon filtration system to prevent release from BGCAPP plant.
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SCWO and Liquid Recovery
ResiduesOff-Site Disposal
Meta
l
Gas
EBH Gas
Gas
SCWO and Liquid Recovery
Agent Hydrolysate
Energetics Hydrolysate
BGCAPP Plant Process Flow
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Agent Neutralization System (ANS)
Agent
Agent Contaminated
Metal Parts
Energetics
Energetic Batch Hydrolyzer (EBR)/Energetic Neutralization System(ENS)
Munitions Demilitarization Systems (e.g. Rocket Shear
Machine, Munition Washout
System, etc.)
ResiduesOff-Site Disposal
Treated Metal
Off-Site Recycle/ Disposal
Metal Parts Treater
Thermal Oxidizer, Metal Parts Treater (MPT) Cyclone, MPT Venturi, OTM Scrubber, Carbon Filter Units
Atmosphere
Thermal Oxidizer, MPT Cyclone, MPT Venturi , OTM Scrubber, Carbon Filter Units
EBH Scrubber, Carbon Filter Units
Atmosphere
Atmosphere
Online Agent Monitoring
Monitored for agent prior to transfer out of MDB
Thermal Oxidizer, MPT Cyclone, MPT Venturi , OTM Scrubber, Carbon Filter Units
ENS Gas Atmosphere
MDB Facility
A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
EDS is a trailer-mounted mobilesystem designed to destroy chemical munitions in a safe, environmentally sound manner
Sealed, stainless steel vessel contains the blast, vapor and fragments generated by the process
EDS uses explosive cutting charges to access the munition and destroy its explosive components; the chemical content of the munition is then neutralized by a reagent appropriate to the type of agent present
Agent destruction is confirmed by sampling the residual liquid and air before reopening the vessel; process waste products are removed, packaged and shipped to an approved disposal facility for final disposition
All solid, gas, and liquid streams are monitored for agent prior to release from the EDS chamber. If results are positive, actions may be taken to further treat the chamber. Therefore, the EDS is a hold, test, and release technology for solids, gases, and liquids
Residual liquid and solid residue are disposed off-site in compliance with applicable state and federal regulation
As the BGCAPP plant, the unit is under engineering controls (cascading ventilation & carbon filtration) with monitoring to prevent any inadvertent release of harmful vapors to the environment
The EDS has successfully destroyed ≈560 mustard-filled munitions in the US and United Kingdom
Explosive Destruction System (EDS)
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Explosive Destruction System (EDS) – Process Flow
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Explosive Containment
Vessel
Solid Residue for
Disposal
Donor Charge
Fragment Suppression
System
Reagent
Water
Neutralent for
Treatment
Helium
Carbon Filter
Exhaust Gas
Munition
Monitored for agent to clear all solids, liquids, and gases before release
A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
The SDC is a nearly spherical, armored, high-alloysteel vessel
Chemical munitions are placed in a carrier, conveyed to the top of the vessel and fed into an electrically heated detonation chamber
The high heat (approximately 600°C or 1,100°F) causes the munition munition to either detonate or deflagrate. The chemical agent is pyrolized by the temperatures that exist within the chamber.
Gases generated by the detonation pass to the off-gas treatment system that cleanses the gas of particulate matter, acid gases, and destroys/removes organic contaminants and then be monitored and carbon filtered
The off-gas treatment system operates continuously and gases are treated and released continuously while munitions are processed. Therefore, it does not have a hold, test and release capability for gases
Munition solid waste is held in the chamber at sufficient temperature and time to ensure thermal decontamination of the agent. After discharge from the chamber, the solid wastes are also monitored for agent prior to removal from the unit for disposal.
Similar to the BGCAPP plant, the unit is contained in a structure under engineering controls (cascading ventilation & carbon filtration) with monitoring
The SDC has successfully destroyed mustard-filled munitions in the US (≈2700 @Anniston, AL), and numerous other munitions in Germany, China, and Japan
Static Detonation Chamber (SDC)
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A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
SDC – Off-Gas Treatment / Waste
Off-Gas Treatment May Consist of:– Buffer Tank with cyclone filter capability to capture particulates that are
recycled back into the system– Thermal Oxidizer– Spray Dryer to quickly quench thermal oxidizer exhaust gas to minimize
formation of dioxins and furans– Baghouse Filter to remove dust and absorb acid gases– Additional quench– Acid and Neutral Scrubbers (excess scrubber liquid goes to the spray dryer)– Induced Draft Fans to maintain the OTS below atmospheric pressure– 2 sets of HEPA and Carbon Filters with monitoring
Waste material consists of: scrap metal, buffer tank dust, spray dryer salts, spent bag house adsorbent material, HEPA filters, and activated carbon. The SDC produces no liquid waste; scrap metal has been recycled and salts from the off-gas treatment system are treated and disposed off-site in compliance with applicable state and federal regulations.
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Static Detonation Chamber (SDC) – Process Flow
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SDC FeedMechanism SDC Buffer Tank Thermal
OxidizerSpray Dryer Baghouse
Filter QuenchAcid Scrubber
NeutralScrubber
HEPA &CarbonFilters
Munition
Water
Fuel
Air
ExhaustGas
NaOH
HCl
SolidAdsorbent
CollectionTank
Solids
5X Solids
Salts
SpentAdsorbent
Blower
On-line Agent Monitoring
Monitored for agent prior to disposition
A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction Self contained, totally enclosed system
consisting of a detonation chamber, expansionchamber and emissions control system
Munitions are wrapped in explosive, placed in detonation chamber and detonated. Bags of water
in the chamber absorb blast energy and produce steam which reacts with the chemical agent
Resulting gases are vented to the expansion chamber before release to the emissions control system
In the emissions control system a catalytic oxidation unit oxidizes hydrogen, carbon monoxide and organic vapors before the gas stream is vented through a carbon filter bed and released. The emission control system operates continuously and gases are treated and released in batch process. As there is no capability to reprocess the gas, it cannot be considered a hold, test and release capability.
Chamber is monitored before opening. If munition solid waste is determined to be contaminated, it can be further treated before discharge. Typically, the chamber is opened and a “cleansing” shot of explosive is used to decontaminate the chamber. There is a capability to flush chamber with hot air if needed for decontamination.
Similar to the BGCAPP plant, the unit is contained in a structure under engineering controls (cascading ventilation & carbon filtration) with monitoring
The TDC has successfully destroyed ≈ 250 mustard-filled munitions in the US and United Kingdom and Australia
Transportable Detonation Chamber (TDC)
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A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
TDC – Off-Gas Treatment / Waste
Off Gas Treatment May Consist of:– Reactive bed filter (hydrated lime or sodium bicarbonate)– Porous ceramic filter with lime precoating (collects particulates)– Catalytic oxidizer (CATOX)– Chiller– Two stage carbon adsorption bed with continuous air monitoring
Waste material consists of:– Scrap metal– Pea gravel dust– Spent lime– HEPA Filters– Activated Carbon – Scrap metal and emission control system solid wastes are treated and
disposed of in compliance with applicable federal and state regulations
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A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
Transportable Detonation Chamber (TDC) – Process Flow
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On-line Agent Monitoring
Monitored for agent prior to disposition
A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
DAVINCH technology uses a double-walled steel vacuum detonation chamber and an off-gas system
Chemical munitions are placed in the detonation chamber and destroyed by the detonation of donor explosives surrounding the munitions
Munitions are shattered by the detonation and the agent is destroyed by the shock and heat of the explosion
Off-gas system employs a cold plasma oxidizer which converts carbon monoxide to CO2 The off-gas is monitored for agent at the off-gas retention tank prior to release to the
carbon filters. If off-gas is positive, there is a capability for the off-gas to be rerouted and treated through the off-gas treatment system.
Chamber is monitored before opening. If the residual solid waste is positive, there is no capability to treat it without opening chamber.
Similar to the BGCAPP plant, the unit is contained in a structure under engineering controls (cascading ventilation & carbon filtration) with monitoring
The DAVINCH has successfully destroyed over 6000 munitions (many containing mustard) in Belgium and Japan and over 25,000 munitions in China
DAVINCH (Detonation of Ammunition in a Vacuum-Integrated Chamber)
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A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
DAVINCH – Off-Gas Treatment / Waste
Off-Gas Treatment May Consist of:– Cyclone filter for particulates– Cold plasma oxidizer– Quencher cooler– Condensate Tank– Off-gas Retention Tank (hold, test and release)– Activated Carbon Filter
Waste material consisting of:– Scrap Metal– Condensate and rinse water– HEPA Filters– Activated Carbon– Scrap metal and emission control system solid and liquid wastes would be
treated and disposed of in compliance with applicable federal and state regulations
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A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
DAVINCH (Detonation of Ammunition in a Vacuum-Integrated Chamber) – Process Flow
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Monitored for agent prior to disposition
Monitored for agent prior to release
A Partnership for Safe Chemical Weapons Destruction
Hold, Test, and Release Comparison
BGCAPP SDC TDC DAVINCH EDSLiquid wastes
Held and tested before release
No liquid process wastes
None from process None from process; condensate from off-gas treatment, held and tested before release
Held and tested before release
Solid wastes
Thermally decontaminated; hold and test before release during MPT demonstration period; vapors captured by CFU
Thermally decontaminated; NRT Monitored while being released from chamber; vapors captured by CFU
Held and tested before release; potential for further treatment if testing is positive for contamination; vapors captured by CFU
Held and tested before release;No capability for further treatment if testing is positive for contamination without opening chamber; vapors captured by CFU
Held and tested before release ; vapors captured by CFU
Gaseous wastes
No Hold and Test; Near Real Time (NRT) Monitored while being continuously released through Carbon Filtration Unit (CFU)
No Hold and Test; NRT Monitored while being continuously released through CFU
Held and tested in retention tank before entering OTS; NRT Monitored while being released through CFU; No capability to reprocess if testing is positive for contamination.
Held and tested before being released to CFU; ; design allows for reprocess if testing is positive for contamination.CFU is NRT monitored.
Held and tested in process chamber before release to CFU; CFU is NRT monitored
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