exploring wind energy
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Exploring Wind Energy. What Makes Wind. Global Wind Patterns. History of Wind Energy. 5000 BC Sailboats used on the Nile indicate the power of wind. 500-900 AD First windmills developed in Persia. 1300 AD First horizontal-axis windmills in Europe. 1850s Daniel Halladay and - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Exploring Wind Energy
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What Makes Wind
Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Global Wind Patterns
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
History of Wind Energy5000 BC
Sailboats used on the Nile indicate the
power of wind
500-900 ADFirst windmills developed in
Persia
1300 ADFirst horizontal-axiswindmills in Europe
1850sDaniel Halladay andJohn Burnham build Halladay Windmill;
start US Wind Engine Company
Late 1880sThomas O. Perryconducted 5,000
wind experiments;starts Aermotor Company
1888Charles F. Brush used windmill to
generate electricityin Cleveland, OH
Early 1900sWindmills in CA
pumped saltwaterto evaporate ponds
1941In VT, Grandpa’s
Knob turbinesupplies power to town during WWII
1979First wind turbinerated over 1 MWbegan operating
1985CA wind capacity
exceeded 1,000 MW
1993US WindPower developed
first commercial variable-speed wind turbine
2004Electricity from wind generation
costs 3 to 4.5 cents per kWh
2013Wind power provided
over 17% of renewableenergy used in US
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Why Wind Energy?• Clean, zero emissions
• NOx, SO2, CO, CO2• Air quality, water quality• Climate change
• Reduce fossil fuel dependence• Energy independence• Domestic energy—national
security• Renewable
• No fuel-price volatility
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Renewable Electric Capacity Worldwide
US DOE, EERE 2015 Renewable Energy Data Book
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
US Electricity Generation from Non-Hydro Renewables
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20150
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
Wind Solar PV
Solar Thermal Waste
Geothermal Wood
Mill
ion
kilo
watt
-hou
rs
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Top Wind Power Producing States, 2015Rank State Million kWh Rank State Million kWh
1 Texas 44,959 14 New York 3,956
2 Iowa 17,878 15 Wyoming 3,768
3 Oklahoma 14,018 16 Pennsylvania 3,352
4 California 12,228 17 Nebraska 3,154
5 Kansas 10,927 18 South Dakota 2,481
6 Illinois 10,733 19 Idaho 2,457
7 Minnesota 9,797 20 New Mexico 2,067
8 Colorado 7,441 21 Montana 1,962
9 Washington 7,101 22 Wisconsin 1,641
10 Oregon 6,675 23 West Virginia 1,376
11 North Dakota 6,530 24 Maine 1,273
12 Michigan 4,778 25 Ohio 1,206
13 Indiana 4,516
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Annual Installed U.S. Wind Power Capacity
AWEA U.S. Wind Industry Annual Market Report Year Ending 2016
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Installed Wind Capacities |1999-Present
1999 Total: 2,500 MW As of 10/17/2017 Total: 84,407 MW
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Wind Energy Potential by State
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
U.S. Wind Resource Map
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Transmission Challenges
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
China Leads the World in Wind CapacitySource: Global W
ind Energy Council
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Why Such Growth? …costs are low!• Increased Turbine Size• R&D Advances• Manufacturing Improvements
197940
cents/kWh
20004-6
cents/kWh
20043-4.5
cents/kWh
2011Less than 5 cents/kWh
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Modern Wind TurbinesTurbines can be categorized into two classes based on the orientation of the rotor.
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Vertical-Axis TurbinesAdvantages• Omni-directional
• accepts wind from any direction
• Components can be mounted at ground level• ease of service• lighter weight towers
• Can theoretically use less materials to capture the same amount of wind
Disadvantages• Rotors generally near ground
where wind is poorer• Centrifugal force stresses blades• Poor self-starting capabilities• Requires support at top of
turbine rotor• Requires entire rotor to be
removed to replace bearings• Overall poor performance and
reliability
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Horizontal-Axis Wind TurbinesSmall (<10 kW)• Homes• Farms• Remote Applications (e.g.,
water pumping, Telecom sites, ice making)
Large (250 kW-2+ MW)• Central Station Wind Farms• Distributed Power• Schools
Intermediate(10-250 kW)• Village Power• Hybrid Systems• Distributed Power
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Large Wind TurbinesCommon Utility-Scale Turbines
• 328’ base to blade• Each blade is 112’• 200 tons total• Foundation 20’ deep• Rated at 1.5-2 megawatts• Supply about 500 homes
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Wind Turbine Components
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How a Wind Turbine Operates
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Installation of Wind Turbines
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Wind Turbine Perspective
Nacelle56 tons
Tower3 sections
Workers Blade112’ long
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Wind Farms
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Offshore Wind Farms
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Residential Wind Systems and Net Metering
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
Potential Impacts and Issues • Property Values• Noise• Visual Impact• Land Use• Wildlife Impact
Properly siting a wind turbine can mitigate many of these issues.
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Impacts of Wind Power: Noise
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Wildlife Impacts
Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
For More InformationThe NEED Project
• www.need.org• [email protected]• 1-800-875-5029
Energy Information Administration
• U.S. Department of Energy• www.eia.gov
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Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project
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