exploring the non-functional properties of model...

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Public | © Ericsson AB 2014 | 2014-09-23 |

Exploring the non-functional properties of model transformation techniques used in industry

Ronan Barrett, Ericsson AB

NFP

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Some General Background

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Ericsson in Numbers

110,000 Employees

40% of all Traffic

50 billion

2.5 billion

5th Largest

180 Countries

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Modelling In Ericsson

Business Process

Modelling

Network Modelling

System Modelling

O&M Modelling

Real-Time Modelling

Executable Models

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..... .....

.....

.....

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Some Specific Background

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Modeling Context

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Transformation Styles

Tell me what to do!

Tell me How To Do it!

Declarative Imperative

Hyb

rid ? !

?!

Tell me What & How!

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Transformation Languages Declarative Imperative

Hyb

rid

XSLT QVT

JET

ATL

Template

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Let's Explore Some NFP(s)

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Wanted Position

Identify NFP(s)

Enumerate NFP(s)

Current Position

Improvement Areas

Table of Contents

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NFP

Performance

Scalability

Readability

Usability Maintainability

Testability

Deploy-ability

Identified NFP(s)

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NFP Wanted Position

Code readable/auditable by developers/systems

guys

Bugs fixed quickly and without side-effect

Code base can grow without constant

refactoring

Execution doesn’t consume all resorces as model size gets ”large”

Changes in input model shouldn’t require full re-

transformation

Parallelizable transformation parts should

be executed in parallel

Implementer should *not* have to learn a new obscure language

No developer bottleneck for transformation code Transformation code

should be runnable ”anywhere” with GUI or

without

Transformation code should be 100% verifiable

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Readability

Declarative/Hybrid Imperative

Often succinct Often easy to read

Must know language

Can be verbose Laborious to read

Well known language

?! !

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Readability Issue

System Manager

Read Mapping

Approve Mapping

Transform Code Mapping

?

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Maintainability

Fixes rarely cause refactoring (fast/no

side-effect) Must know language

Fixes often require refactoring (slower/often

side-effects) Well known language

Imperative

?! !

Declarative/Hybrid

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Maintainability Issue

Developer (?!)

Implement Patch (?!)

Implement New feature

(?!) High Efficiency Developer

(!)

Low Efficiency

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Scalability/Performance

?! !

Imperative Declarative/Hybrid

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Scalability/Performance Issues

Parallel execution Incremental execution* Infinite/Event execution

Explicit coding required to achieve similar

execution semantics

Imperative

?! !

Declarative/Hybrid

* Often only the declarative part can be incrementally executed

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Usability

Community Learning Resources

Debugging

IDE Development Environment

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Imperative

Declarative/Hybrid

Usage in Industry

?! !

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Usage Trend

Usa

ge o

f Dec

lara

tive/

Hyb

rid

Time

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Usability Issues

Small community Development bottleneck

Less robust tooling Debugging very difficult

Massive community Easy to outsource Excellent tooling

Debugging not so hard

Imperative

?! !

Declarative/Hybrid

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Deploy-ability

Design-Time

Target (Run-Time)

Continuous Integration

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Deploy-ability Issues

Normally cannot run on target environment

(except XSLT)

Can, in theory, run on all deployment environments

Imperative

?! !

Declarative/Hybrid

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Testability

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Model Comparison

JUnit

Test Models

Golden Model (XML)

Custom DOM Parser

Test Report

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JUnit

Test Models

PRE OCL Evaluator

Test Report

Model Contracts

Post

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Pattern Matching (Assertions)

JUnit

Test Models

OCL Evaluator

Test Report

Assertion

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Testability Issues

Many test models needed for 100% coverage Verification is only as good as the Oracles

Imperative

?! !

Declarative/Hybrid

No code coverage tools

Many code coverage tools

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Summary/Conclusions

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NFP Current Position Code not readable/auditable by many

developers/all systems guys

Bugs are fixed quickly and without side-effect but debugging is often

difficult

Code base grows without constant refactoring

Execution doesn’t consume all resorces as model size gets ”large”

Changes in input model require full re-transformation

Some parallelizable transformation parts can be executed in parallel

Resistance from developers to learn a new

obscure language

Significant developer bottleneck for

transformation code Transformation code cannot be runnable

”anywhere” but can run in GUI or without

Transformation code is 100% verifiable if we write

enough test models

Not Achieved Achieved Partial

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Potential NFP Improvements

Transform code that non techie folks can read

Debuggable transformation code with

proper execution handling

Incremental/Parallel transformation execution

for imperative code

Close the gap betwen imperative and declarative

languages (Java8/Xtend?)

Develop a declarative language that imperative

coders will adopt Transformation code that

runs ”anywhere”

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Questions

exploring the non-functional properties of model...

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