Exploring Display Techniques for Mobile Collaborative Learning in Developing Regions

MohitJainEdCutrell

JeremyBirnholtzRavin Balakrishnan

UniversityofToronto

MicrosoftResearchIndia

CornellUniversity

UniversityofToronto

Current State

Image Courtesy: Joyojeet Pal

Current State

Image Courtesy: Bill Thies

Approaches to Technology in Education

[1] Outdoorcomputerkiosks,supportingthegoalofself-learning

[2]E-LearningMaterialswithapedagogicalfocus

[4] Usingmultiplemice toimpart

healthcarelearning

[3] Impartingeducationusinggamesoninexpensivecellphones

Requirements

• Inexpensive(Project#1,2,3,4)• Plug-and-Play(Project#1,2,3,4)• Scalable(Project#1,2,3,4)• EnforceCollaboration(Project#4)• Mobility(Project#3)• Notrestrictingtheplaybehaviour(Project#3)

[1]Hole-in-the-WallEducationLtd.(2001)[2]Azim Premji Foundation(2001)[3]MILLEE.Kam,M.,etal.(2004) [4]MultipleMice.Pawar,U.S.(2007)

Cellphone

Projector

Joysticks

SDG Single Display

Groupware

1

N

Cellphone

CellphonesN

MDG Multiple Display

Groupware

Research Questions

• Whatkindofcommunicationoccurs,bothasindividualandasteamsinthetwodisplayconditions,anddoesthathaveanyimpactonlearning?

• Howdoesthestudentplaybehaviour differinthetwodisplayconditions?

Design: Collaborative BoggleTM

Design: Collaborative BoggleTM

• School1:CLT– 4weeks{2weeksformalstudy}

– 8participants(1female)

• School2:CHI– 5weeks{3weeksformalstudy}

– 34participants(16females)– forinitial4weeks

– 16participants(10females)– forthelastweek

• WithinSubjectsDesignwithMatched-Groups

Participants

• Week1: - EnglishProficiencyTest- black-boardBoggleTM- black-boardCollaborativeBoggleTM

Methodology

• Week1: - EnglishProficiencyTest- black-boardBoggleTM

- black-boardCollaborativeBoggleTM

• Week2: - SDGandMDGgame-playapproaches- HCIissues{observedandfixed}

- Pre-testforWeek3

• Week3onwards: - M,T,W,Th:Game-play- F:Image-wordAssociationPre-

PostTest,Interviews

Methodology

Results: Pre-Post Tests

>SDG

Game Score per day, Collaboration

MDG

>SDG MDG

MDG

Physical+Verbal Fight

Taking control of other’s device

>SDG MDG

Complaint, Learning-based>SDG MDG

MDG

Mobility<SDG MDG

MDG

“like a laptop”“Screen is good, more viewable and clear”, “Small screen”“perfect aiming in phone”

“like a gun”, “like remote control”“Big-bright screen”, “distorted screen”“Its easier as joystick needs to be moved, not pressed. There is something in

centre, and we can move Left, Right, Up or Down”“joystick not so accurate”

“I like to spell, spelling is good”“stars and rocket going up is really good”“I love to compete… winning is good”“… nothing specific about the game, I just like playing with my friends”

SDG

MDG

GAME

• Classroomvs.Field

• Communication

• Game-play

Discussion

• Includingpassiveonlookers

• Competitionvs.Collaborationvs.Competition+Collaboration game

• Truly-mobile,role-playinggamesforMDG

Future Work

Thank YOU