exploring closure mechanisms causing the operator hierarchy
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Exploring closure mechanisms causing the operator hierarchy. Dr. dr. Gerard Jagers op Akkerhuis Wageningen University ECCO lecture 13 May 2011, Brussels The lecture discusses how step by step the organization of matter has climbed the ‘ladder’ from fundamental particles to animals - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Exploring closure mechanisms causing the operator hierarchy
Dr. dr. Gerard Jagers op AkkerhuisWageningen University
ECCO lecture 13 May 2011, Brussels
The lecture discusses how step by step the organization of matter has climbed the ‘ladder’ from
fundamental particles to animals
The sequence is explained in detail in pp. 39-57 of my thesis:
http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/2066/82605/1/82605
Overview:
• Introduction to hierarchy in nature• Natural hierarchy is not ‘linear’• Three dimensions for hierarchy
• A step by step analysis of the emergence of particle complexity
• From fundamental particles to the cell
The well-known “general system hierarchy” is linear
Three rankings of complexity are mixed
Organelles
Organs
Tissues
Organ systems
Complex molecules
Population
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Molecules
Atoms
Cells
Organisms
Fundamental particles
Cells with nucleus
Multicellulars
?
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Organ systems
Population
(Organisms)
Organelles
Organs
Tissues
Complex molecules
Molecules
Atoms
Cells
Fundamental particles
But its logic is not strict all the way up
•1. internal differentiation
•2. Interactions (abstract “levels”)
•3. Particles and organisms of different complexity levelsP
art
ofC
ontr
ibut
ing
to
How?
Deliberate application of the three types of complexity ranking (used as dimensions for hierarchy)
Can things be organized more naturally?
Dimension 2: internal differentiation
Dimension 1:
operators
(particles/organisms)
Dimension 3: interaction systems
Sometimes, interactions create the first-next possible, new type of closure.Example: multicellularity
Sometimes, internal differentiation creates the first-next possible, new type of closure.Example: endosymbiont cells
The environment offers pressures and scaffolds
An operator itself offers the context
An operator can gain complexity in its interior
An operator can create systems of interacting operators
This can be repeated..
Or, … an operator can create the next operator….
next closure
And so forth…next operator
The following offers a step by step analysis of the emergence-ladder
of complex ‘particles’ (from quarks to animals)
1st closure dimension: THE INTERFACE
superstrings
The formation of the superstrings can be regarded as the first major transition….
emergent cyclic property of superstrings:
production-absorption cycle of small stringsinterior
exterior
interface: limits the system, creates/mediates interior and exterior
Major Transition:
A closure or combination of closures that creates a system showing a new (unprecedented) closure dimension
2nd closure dimension: THE HYPERCYCLErecurring 1st closure dimension: THE INTERFACE
the quark-gluon plasmaquark confinement due to lower temperature/density
The creation of the quark-gluon plasma can be regarded as the second major transition…..
3rd closure dimension: THE MULTI-STAGE
the quark-gluon hypercycle
and the quark confinement
produce the hadron
which can be regarded as the third major transition….
multi-stage: unifies units with the same closure dimension by means of interface interactions
emergent cyclic property of hadrons:
production-absorption cycle of pions (O-O-O) -> (O-O)
recurring closure dimension: THE HYPERCYCLErecurring closure dimension: THE INTERFACE
the atom nucleusthe electron shell
two hadron-pion cycles make a second order cycle: a hypercycle
4th closure dimension: hypercycle mediating interface
the nucleus captures an electron shell
hereby creating the atom
which can be regarded as the 4th major transition….
interface mediates nucleus-world interactions
substrate
product
recurring closure dimension: THE MULTI-STAGErecurring closure dimension: THE HYPERCYCLErecurring closure dimension: THE INTERFACE
the autocatalytic setthe cell membranethe multi-atomthe atom
atoms show next closure via interface interactions
emergent cyclic property of multi-atoms:
catalytic cycle
two catalytic cycles make a second order cycle: a hypercycle
5th closure dimension: structural copying of information
The catalytic hypercycle and membrane
create the cell
which can be regarded as the 5th major transition….
Elaboration
The reasoning can be continued for higher level operators
Thank you for your attention.
Gerard Jagers op Akkerhuis
(This file was originally made for the EVO-DEVO conference in Paris 2008)