Exploration By: Your most favorite Western Civ teacher!

When did Europe explore?• 1400 – 1750

Why did the Europeans want to explore?

• Wanted to trade with Asians (spices)

• Renaissance thinkers promoted ideas of discovery

• Churches wanted to expand Christianity and stop Islam

• Arabs had a monopoly

• Need for precious metals

Pepper –India• Cinnamon- Sri Lanka• Ginger, cotton, silk- China• Nutmeg and cloves- East Indies

Europeans running out of gold - need to go and get some more - Asians didn’t need the wood and natural resources Europe had to offer.

Results of Exploration• New Technology

• Exploitation of goods and people

Countries that led…• Portugal

• Spain

Why would these country lead and not others?

Line of Demarcation• Created by the Pope in 1493

• Split the world in the middle of Atlantic Ocean

• Spain would control lands to the West

• Portugal would control lands to the East

Why the Renaissance Encouraged Exploration

• New ideas to explore.

• Idea of personal best.

• Spreading of Christianity.

• Ease of transferring ideas.

T• The Europeans were

dependent on spices

Don’t they taste delicious.

E• Europeans needed to create a direct

connection with Asia

CCompass helped sailors rely upon the stars less, as they

ventured out of coastal waters

• Huge inaccuracies of land placement and structure were made by early cartographers (map makers)

H

NNow the astronomer Ptolemy

created a grid system

O• Oooh a way to reference land masses all

over the world, and is still used today

L• Look out for new triangle shaped sails

and multiple masts that help ships travel faster and further

O• Only now are the ships more

maneuverable with a rudder

G• Gee a new ship was created called the

caravel

Y• Yikes! The caravel now carries weapons

like the rifle and cannon.

Section 2

Overseas Empires

O• Only Spain and Portugal recognized the

Treaty of Tordesillas (divided the world)

•

V• Vasco da Gama’s exploration of India,

increased Portugal’s desire to open up trade

I look like Ian Martel’s dad.

EEstablished Portuguese

control over the Indian Ocean after a bloody battle with the

Muslims – this man was Pedro Cabral

R• Realizing their power, the Portuguese

expanded their control and established trading ports

S• Settlers in Brazil from Portugal’s colonies

grew, tobacco, sugarcane, coffee, cotton (they needed slaves)

EExplorer Cortes landed in

Mexico in 1519 and worked with a native woman to

conquer the Aztecs

A• Aztecs were slaughtered and forced into

slavery

SSpain sent Francisco Pizarro to Peru, Pizarro conquered

the Inca’s

Space

E• Empire of Spain

included North America, South America, and the West Indies

•

M• Monarchs named viceroys (royal

representatives), were sent to rule the lands

P• Priests found missions while farmers

developed plantations

I• I must say that the Native Americans

were treated quite badly by the Spaniards and were killed with diseases. Their death led to the need for slaves.

R• Resources were unavailable in the

Netherlands and they needed to focus on commerce to survive

E• (Dutch) East India Company expanded

trade and ensured close relations between the government and enterprises in Asia

S• Spice Islands were now under Dutch

control as they pushed the Portuguese out of the area

Oops I ran out of letters!

Slave Trade

S• Slaves were needed to work on the

plantations

L• Lots of slaves were traded with the

triangle trade. (Europe, Africa, America)

A• Africa to America was commonly

referred to as the Middle Passage (middle leg of the triangle)

V• Very harsh conditions were faced by the

slaves (small spaces, suffocation, death and disease)

E• Estimated number of enslaved Africans

ranges from 10-24 million.

S• Slave auctions were held and slaves were

forced to be laborers.