explanation for the semantic web
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Explanation for the Semantic WebRakebul Hasan
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 2
Explanation in the Semantic Web
What’s been done (existing work)
What’s ahead (perspective)
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What is explanation and why do we need it?
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 4
Tim Berners-Lee was born in Londonhttp://www.academiawiki.com/
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 5
Tim Berners-Lee was born in Londonhttp://www.academiawiki.com/
London is in Englandhttp://www.geolocationwiki.com/
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 6
Tim Berners-Lee was born in Londonhttp://www.academiawiki.com/
London is in Englandhttp://www.geolocationwiki.com/
Computer Scientists are Scientistshttp://www.vocabularywiki.com/
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 7
Tim Berners-Lee was born in Londonhttp://www.academiawiki.com/
London is in Englandhttp://www.geolocationwiki.com/
Computer Scientists are Scientistshttp://www.vocabularywiki.com/
Tim Berners-Lee is a Computer Scientisthttp://www.academiawiki.com/
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 8
Tim Berners-Lee was born in Londonhttp://www.academiawiki.com/
London is in Englandhttp://www.geolocationwiki.com/
Computer Scientists are Scientistshttp://www.vocabularywiki.com/
Tim Berners-Lee is a Computer Scientisthttp://www.academiawiki.com/
England is part of United Kingdomhttp://www.geolocationwiki.com/
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 9
Tim Berners-Lee was born in Londonhttp://www.academiawiki.com/
London is in Englandhttp://www.geolocationwiki.com/
Computer Scientists are Scientistshttp://www.vocabularywiki.com/
Tim Berners-Lee is a Computer Scientisthttp://www.academiawiki.com/
England is part of United Kingdomhttp://www.geolocationwiki.com/
TimBernersLee
London
England
birthPlace
isPartOf
UnitedKingdom
isPartOf
ComputerScientist
Scientistrdfs:subClassOf
rdf:type
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TimBernersLee
London
England
birthPlace
isPartOf
UnitedKingdom
isPartOf
ComputerScientist
Scientistrdfs:subClassOf
rdf:type
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 11
TimBernersLee
London
England
birthPlace
isPartOf
UnitedKingdom
isPartOf
ComputerScientist
Scientist
rdfs:subClassOfrdf:type
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 12
TimBernersLee
London
England
birthPlace
isPartOf
UnitedKingdom
isPartOf
ComputerScientist
Scientist
rdfs:subClassOfrdf:type
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 13
TimBernersLee
London
England
birthPlace
isPartOf
UnitedKingdom
isPartOf
ComputerScientist
Scientist
rdfs:subClassOfrdf:type
rdf:type
isPartOf
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 14
TimBernersLee
London
England
birthPlace
isPartOf
UnitedKingdom
isPartOf
ComputerScientist
Scientist
rdfs:subClassOfrdf:type
rdf:type
isPartOf
birthPlace birthPlace
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TimBernersLee
London
England
birthPlace
isPartOf
UnitedKingdom
isPartOf
ComputerScientist
Scientist
rdfs:subClassOfrdf:type
rdf:type
isPartOf
birthPlace birthPlace
Scientists born in United Kingdom?
Answer: Tim Berners-Lee
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Tim Berners-Lee is a Scientist
Tim Berners-Lee was born in United Kingdom
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 17
Computer Scientists are Scientistshttp://www.vocabularywiki.com/
Tim Berners-Lee is a Computer Scientisthttp://www.academiawiki.com/
England is part of United Kingdomhttp://www.geolocationwiki.com/
Tim Berners-Lee is a Scientist
Tim Berners-Lee was born in United Kingdom
Tim Berners-Lee was born in England
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 18
Tim Berners-Lee was born in Londonhttp://www.academiawiki.com/
London is in Englandhttp://www.geolocationwiki.com/
Computer Scientists are Scientistshttp://www.vocabularywiki.com/
Tim Berners-Lee is a Computer Scientisthttp://www.academiawiki.com/
England is part of United Kingdomhttp://www.geolocationwiki.com/
Tim Berners-Lee is a Scientist
Tim Berners-Lee was born in United Kingdom
Tim Berners-Lee was born in England
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 19
“Oh, yeah?” button to support users in assessing the
reliability of information encountered on the Web
- Tim Berners-Lee
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What’s been done
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What is explained?
Who are the targets?
How explanations are presented?
What is explained?
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• Information manipulation steps
•Information manipulation operations
• Proof tree of derivations
• Provenance information such as How, When, Who,
Where
Target
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• Human users
•Natural language explanation
•Graphical explanation
• Software agents
•Machine readable descriptions
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How explanations are presented?
How explanations are represented for machines?
How human users interact with explanations?
Trust
Presentation
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WIQA [Bizer, 2007]
Presentation
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KiWi [Kotowski and Bry, 2010]
Presentation
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KiWi [Kotowski and Bry, 2010]
Presentation
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 28
Explaining entailments in OWL ontologies [Horridge et al., 2008]
Presentation
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Inference Web [McGuinness et al. (a), 2003] [McGuinness et al. (b), 2006] [McGuinness et al. (c), 2008]
Presentation
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EASD/KOIOS [Forcher et al., 2010]
Presentation
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 31
EASD/KOIOS [Forcher et al., 2010]
Metadata representation
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• Proof trees for answers
• Operations used to compute answers
• Different types of provenance information
• Models for how explanations should be presented to
human users
• Trust related information
Metadata representation
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• Proof Markup Language (PML) Ontology
•Proof interlingua
•Justifications: information manipulation steps and
operations
•Provenance information
•Trust information
Metadata representation
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Metadata representation
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Accountability In RDF (AIR) [Kagal et al., 2011]
Metadata representation
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• KOIOS
•KOIOS Process Language (KPL) for describing the
behavior of KOIOS problem solver
•The Mathematical Graph Language (MGL) for
transforming the process model to a graph based view.
•VGL for describing the visualization model
Metadata representation
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EXPL: WIQA describes its explanation trees (parts and
subparts of an explanation) using the Explanation
(EXPL) Vocabulary
Interaction
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• Navigation
• Follow-up
Interaction
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 39
Interaction
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Trust
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• Inference Web
•PML Trust vocabulary
•Trust explanation
Trust
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What’s ahead
Infrastructure
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• Accommodating common data publishing principle
•Publishing explanation metadata along with data
using linked data principles
• Addressing heterogeneous and distributed nature of the
Web promoting interoperability
•W3C PROV-DM data model as an interchange data
model
Target
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• Level of user expertise should be taken into account
while providing explanation
•User profiling
What is explained?
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• Semantic Web applications use distributed
interconnected data in their reasoning process
•Explaining network of data used in the reasoning
process, flow of information
• How explanations exposing problem solving methods
influence security and confidentiality?
Metadata representation
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• Blank nodes are not good
• Granularity
• Provenance
• Interoperability
Metadata representation
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r4ta:Justification
prov:Trace
prov:Account
prov:ProvenanceContainer
prov:Entity
r4ta:Assertion
r4ta:InferredAssertion
r4ta:DirectAssertion
r4ta:InferenceRule
prov:Plan
r4ta:inferredByRule
prov:hadPlan
prov:Activityr4ta:justifies
prov:traceTo
prov:qualifiedTrace
r4ta:antecedent prov:specializationOf
Presentation
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• User expertise
•What’s useful and what’s overwhelming?
•Context-aware data consumption
Presentation
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Summarization
Presentation
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Summarization
Interaction
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• What kind of interactions are useful need to be
understood
• How to interact established trust?
Trust
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• How explanation influence trust in the Semantic Web?
• How to capture established trust and reason over it?
• Explaining trust itself
Trust
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“If someone trusts a large company such as IBM, and IBM
brands other companies as ethical, then the person will
trust those companies, too”
– Tim Berners-Lee,
Weaving the Web
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<geo:london> <voc:isPartOf> <geo:England>.<geo:london> <rdfs:label> “London”@en.<geo:london> <voc:population> “7825200”^^xsd:integer.<geo:london> <voc:lat> “51.50853”^^xsd:decimal.<geo:london> <voc:long> “-0.12574”^^xsd:decimal.
geo:about_london
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<geo:london> <voc:isPartOf> <geo:England>.<geo:london> <rdfs:label> “London”@en.<geo:london> <voc:population> “7825200”^^xsd:integer.<geo:london> <voc:lat> “51.50853”^^xsd:decimal.<geo:london> <voc:long> “-0.12574”^^xsd:decimal.
geo:about_london
trust
endorses
04/09/2023Wimmics Seminar - 58
<geo:london> <voc:isPartOf> <geo:England>.<geo:london> <rdfs:label> “London”@en.<geo:london> <voc:population> “7825200”^^xsd:integer.<geo:london> <voc:lat> “51.50853”^^xsd:decimal.<geo:london> <voc:long> “-0.12574”^^xsd:decimal.
geo:about_london
trust
endorses
• Explicit endorsements• Incoming links: owl:sameAs
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<geo:london> <voc:isPartOf> <geo:England>.<geo:london> <rdfs:label> “London”@en.<geo:london> <voc:population> “7825200”^^xsd:integer.<geo:london> <voc:lat> “51.50853”^^xsd:decimal.<geo:london> <voc:long> “-0.12574”^^xsd:decimal.
geo:about_london
trust
endorses
• Explicit endorsements• Incoming links: owl:sameAs
• Explanation of trust and endorsement network
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Please see the research report RR-7974 for the list of references:
http://hal.inria.fr/hal-00702277
Thank you