explaining gender differences in charitable giving: the dutch case
DESCRIPTION
Presentation at ARNOVA Conference. Indianapolis (USA), November 15, 2012.TRANSCRIPT
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Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case
Arjen de Wit and René BekkersCenter for Philanthropic Studies
VU University Amsterdam
ARNOVA 2012 Annual ConferenceNovember 15, Indianapolis
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Gender Differences in Giving
• Gender and charitable giving: mixed results• No gender differences?• Men give higher amounts?• Recent studies in US/UK: women more likely
to give and give higher amounts• How about the Netherlands?
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Different Context: the Netherlands
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Different Context: the Netherlands
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Different Context: the Netherlands
• Relatively high number of women in labor force
• Relatively high number of part-time workers• Relatively extensive social programs
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Gender Differences: Why?
• Values• Costs• Solicitation• Reputation
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Gender Differences: Why?
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Data
• Giving in the Netherlands Panel Study (GINPS) 2010
• N = 1,692• Households, both couples and singles
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% donating50
60
70
80
90
10093
89
FemalesMales
The Dutch Case: More Women Give…
*
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...More Frequently…
No. of donations in 20090
2
4
6
8
10
1210,7
8,1
FemalesMales
*
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…But Lower Amounts In Total...
Total amount donated in 20090
50
100
150
200
250
300
216,42
264,14
FemalesMales
*
(donors only)
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…And Lower Amounts Per Donation.
Amount donated per donation act0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
7,81
13,11
FemalesMales
(donors only)
*
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Why Do More Women Give?
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Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
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Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
Why Do More Women Give?
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
*
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Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
*
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
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Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
*
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
![Page 18: Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042715/559c351b1a28ab551a8b45de/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
*
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
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Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
*
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
![Page 20: Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042715/559c351b1a28ab551a8b45de/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
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Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
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Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
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Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
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Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
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Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
**
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
![Page 26: Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042715/559c351b1a28ab551a8b45de/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donatingFemale Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
** *
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Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
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Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
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Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
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Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
*
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Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
*
*
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Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
*
**
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*
Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
*
** *
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Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
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Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
![Page 36: Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042715/559c351b1a28ab551a8b45de/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
![Page 37: Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042715/559c351b1a28ab551a8b45de/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
* *
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
![Page 38: Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042715/559c351b1a28ab551a8b45de/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
* * *
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
![Page 39: Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042715/559c351b1a28ab551a8b45de/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
* * *
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
![Page 40: Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042715/559c351b1a28ab551a8b45de/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
* * *
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
![Page 41: Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042715/559c351b1a28ab551a8b45de/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Conclusions
• Prosocial motives fully explain why women are more likely to give
• Men give higher amounts, especially when prosocial motives are taken into account
• Costs can explain this
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Conclusions
• Prosocial motives fully explain why women are more likely to give
• Men give higher amounts, especially when prosocial motives are taken into account
• Costs can explain this.
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Conclusions
• Prosocial motives fully explain why women are more likely to give
• Men give higher amounts, especially when prosocial motives are taken into account
• Costs can explain this..
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Conclusions
• Prosocial motives fully explain why women are more likely to give
• Men give higher amounts, especially when prosocial motives are taken into account
• Costs can explain this...
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Conclusions
• Prosocial motives fully explain why women are more likely to give
• Men give higher amounts, especially when prosocial motives are taken into account
• Costs can explain this... partly
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Conclusions