expertise in technology and economics integrated development - concepts and some empirical evidence...
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EXPERTISE IN TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS
www.lut.fi
Integrated Development - Concepts and Some Empirical Integrated Development - Concepts and Some Empirical Evidence from European SMEsEvidence from European SMEs
Lassi Linnanen, Irini Voudouris, Ninetta ChaniotouLassi Linnanen, Irini Voudouris, Ninetta Chaniotou
Greening of Industry Network ConferenceGreening of Industry Network ConferenceCardiff, July 2-5, 2006Cardiff, July 2-5, 2006
The Concept of DQE
Design Quality Environment
Functionality Differentiation
HumanCapital
Excellence
Eco-Efficiency
ResponsibleConsumption
Some DQE Principles
For the common good– Open ”source code”– Co-evolutionary approach
Systemic view– Design: product –> system– Quality: product –> excellence– Environment: production –> life cycle
Wide scope of applications– New product development– Product improvement– Operational excellence– Project evaluation
Functionality
1 What are the potential user groups?2 How does the product or service help the user to achieve her objective?3 What can the user do more easily, comfortably or efficiently than
before?4 How does the product or service offer the user diverse experiences?5 How does the product or service increase the user’s level of physical or
mental agility?
6 What is the social significance of the product or service to the user?
Differentiation
7 What is the image of the product or service for the users?
8 Is the product or service of high aesthetic quality?
9 How are the users’ future needs taken into account?
10 What are the main features of the corporate image and reputation?
11 How are specific cultural features taken into account?
Human Capital
12 What is the role of formal and tacit knowledge in the company’s future success?
13 How is staff training organised?
14 How does the company promote life-long learning?
15 What are the values of the company?
16 In what ways are motivation and commitment promoted?
Excellence
17 How does market intelligence drive the company’s development?18 How does the top management participate in the quality management
process?19 How is the improvement of quality linked to the company’s strategy?20 How does the company promote partnerships and the operation of
networks?21 How are the company’s core and support processes defined?22 How does the company innovate?23 How is risk management organised?24 How does the company develop its cost-efficiency?25 How are productivity and results measured?26 How are the best practices known and exploited?
Eco-Efficiency
27 How can the use of hazardous materials be reduced?28 How can recycling of products and materials be
increased?29 How can the products’ life cycle be extended?30 How can the use of materials and energy be made more
effective?31 How are environmental issues integrated in the
company’s decision-making?
Responsible Consumption
32 How can products with a lower impact on the environment be marketed?
33 How can the company promote environmental knowledge for its staff and customers?
34 How can the company reduce the environmental burden in its logistics chain or in its personnel’s travelling?
35 How does the company demonstrate its social responsibility?
Testing of DQE Approach in European SMEs
Survey in 17 SMEs in four European regions
– Achaia / Greece– Anhalt / Germany– Shannon / Ireland– Kainuu / Finland
Included 23 of 35 areas of DQE questionnaire
SectorsTourism 5Crafts 2Food and beverages 5Software 1Instrumentation 2Furniture 1
Employment1-10
810-19 220-30 431-90 3
Variable Averages
Design – definition of objectives 3.82Design – definition of product eff. 3.82Design – definition of user groups 3.76Quality – role of knowledge 3.76Quality – strategy 3.59Design – aesthetic qualities 3.53Quality – market intelligence 3.53Quality – innovation 3.47Design – clear product image 3.47Quality – use of best practice 3.47Design – corporate image 3.41Quality – core processes defined 3.41
Design – future user needs 3.35Environment – recycling 3.26Quality – promotion of motivation 3.24Quality – staff training 3.18Environment – environmental issues 3.13Quality – cost efficiency 3.12Quality – partnerships 3.06Environment – environmental impact 2.93Environment – use of materials 2.89Quality – productivity measures 2.71
Cumulative results
Contribution to Integrated Development
Economic Social Environmental Importance Average
score Importance Average
score Importance Average
score Functionality + *** ++ *** 0 *** Differentiation ++ ** + ** + ** Human resources
++ * ++ * 0 *
Excellence ++ ** 0 ** 0 ** Eco-efficiency + * 0 * ++ * Responsible consumption
0 * + * ++ *
*** high, ** medium, *low
DESIGN
QUALITY
ENVIRONMENT
DIFFERENTIATION:
How can we design
products with longer life cycle?
The integrative element: DESIGN – Differentiation
The integrated approach as we identified it through the project