expert systems and ai

8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI

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Intelligent behaviour

Learn from experience.

Apply knowledge acquiredfrom experience.

Handle complexsituations.

Solve problems whenimportant information ismissing.

Determine what is

important.

React quickly andcorrectly to a new situation.


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MAJOR BRANCHES OFAI

y Perceptive system

y A system that approximates the way a human sees,hears, and feels objects

y Vision system

y Capture, store, and manipulate visual images andpictures

y Robotics

y Mechanical and computer devices that performtedious tasks with high precision

y

Expert systemy Stores knowledge and makes inferences

y Natural language processing

y Computers understand and react to statements andcommands made in a natural language, such asEnglish.


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Artificial

Intelligence


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OVERVIEWOFEXPERTSYSTEMS

Expert Systems are computer programs that arederived from a branch of computer science researchcalledArtificial Intelligence (AI).

Expert system is a software that uses a knowledgebase of human expertise for problem solving or

clarifying uncertainties where one or more humanexperts would need to be consulted..


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WHAT ANEXPERTSYSTEM CAN DO:

Provide expertise that is expensive or rare

Develop a solution faster than human experts

can

Provide expertise needed at a number of locationsat the same time

Provide a high potential payoff..


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PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF

EXPERT SYSTEM

DIAGONISIS AND TROUBLE SHOOTING

PLANNING AND SCHEDULING

FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING

PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING


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LIMITATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS

Not widely used or tested

Limited to relatively narrow problem

Possibility of error

Cannot refine own knowledge base

Difficult to maintain

May have high development costs

Raise legal and ethical concerns


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KNOWLEDGE BASE

INFERENCE

ENGINE

RULE

FUZZY LOGIC

BACKWARD

CHANING

FORWARD

ENGINE

COMPONENTS OF ANEXPERT SYSTEM


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Knowledge base:The knowledge base of expert systems contains both factual and

heuristic knowledge. Factualknowledge is that knowledge of the task domain that is

widely shared, typically found in textbooks or and commonly agreed upon by those

knowledgeable in the particular field. Heuristic Knowledge refers to experience-based

techniques for problem solving, learning, and discovery . Examples of this method

include an educated guess, an intuitive judgment, or common sense.

Inference Engine: The inference engine is the program that locates the appropriate

knowledge in the knowledge base and provides answers, predictions, and

suggestions in the way a human expert would .

Rule : A conditional statement that links given conditions to actions or

outcomes.

Fuzzy Logic: Fuzzy logic, allow computers to determine the distinctions among data

with shades of gray, similar to the process of human reasoning.

Example: The fuzzy car, manuvers itself by following simple verbal instructions from

its driver.


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Forward chaining: In Forward chaining, the inference engine begins with the

information entered by the user and searches the rule base to arrive at a

conclusion.The strategy is to carry out the action of the rule when a condition is

true.

Backward Chaining: When the conclusion is known (for example, a goal to beachieved) but the path to that conclusion is not known, then reasoning

backwards is called for, and the method is backward chaining.


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PARTICIPANTS IN EXPERT SYSTEMS

DEVELOPMENT AND USE

Domain experty The individual or group whose expertise and

knowledge is captured for use in an expert system

K

nowledge usery The individual or group who uses and benefits fromthe expert system

Knowledge engineery Someone trained or experienced in the design,

development, implementation, and maintenance of anexpert system


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ADVANTAGES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS

Easy to develop and modify

Faster adaptation to changing condition

More efficient and education

Development by knowledge engineers and users


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APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS AND

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Credit granting

Plant layout

Hospitals and medical facilitiesHelp desks and assistance

Employee performance evaluation

Loan analysis

Virus detectionRepair and maintenance

Shipping

Marketing


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THANK YOU

expert systems and ai

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