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Expert (nhn mnh vn u) v specialist u c chung ngha l chuyn gia,chuyn vin, nh chuyn khoa trong mt ngnh no m vic hiu bit dohun luyn hay kinh nghim, nhng hai t cng c ngha khc nhau.

Expert: dng ch nh chuyn mn, uyn bc, c uy tn. (Cc i truynhnh thng mi mt expert cho kin v mt vn chuyn mn.)

- Legal experts say the ruling will likely be overturned=Nhng chuyn gia vlut ni rng bn n rt c th s b to trn bc.

- Mrs. T. is known as an expert in Japanese flower arrangement=B T. cbit l mt ngi snh si v ngh thut cm hoa Nht Bn.

- Riders in this film are all expert horsemen=Nhng ngi ci nga ngphim ny u l nhng tay thnh tho.

- A chess expert: mt ngi nh c rt gii [c th thay bng master]

* Expert (tnh t): thnh tho, lo luyn, ti gii

- Expert witness: ngi chuyn mn c to mi m kin thc lm sng tmt kha cnh ca v n

- Expert marksman: tay thin x

- Expert advice: kin chuyn mn

* Danh t l expertise=s hiu bit tinh thng. (Expertise nhn mnh vn

cui): Landing a plane in fog takes a great deal of expertise=H cnh phi ctrong sng m i hi mt k nng thnh tho.

Specialist: chuyn mn, chuyn vin, bc s chuyn ngnh, chc h s quanchuyn mn trong qun i M.

- A telecommunications specialist=Chuyn vin v vin thng

- He is a specialist in Vietnamese literature=ng ta l chuyn gia v vn

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chng Vit.

- Specialist thng dng vi ngha bc s chuyn ngnh.

- A cancer specialist=bc s chuyn khoa v ung th=a specialist in oncology.[Khng dng expert trong trng hp ny.]

* Danh t l specialty:

- Sports medicine is her specialty=Cha cc bnh gy ra v tai nn khi tp ththao l a ht chuyn mn ca b y.

- Is your specialty psychology or sociology?=a ht chuyn mn ca bn ltm l hay x hi?

Lu : Trong cc lp hun luyn v k nng, chng ch certified expert caohn certified specialist. Specialist cn ch mt chc h s quan trong qun iM dnh cho nhng ngi c bn nm i hc.

Chc bn tin b trong vic trau gii Anh ng.

Increase, rise, augment: Increase v augment l ng t thng (regular verbs); rise lng t bt qui tc (rise/rose/risen). Increase v rise cng dng lm noun; danh t caaugment l augmentation.

* Increase: ng ngha vi augment=enlarge (tng ln, tng thm). Augment gc tingPhp augmenter v t ting Latin augmentum, ngha l to increase. C hai va l transitiveverb va l intransitive verb (khng c direct object theo sau)

- Travel increases ones knowledge= i mt ngy ng hc mt sng khn.

- The membership increases 50 percent (becomes larger)=S hi vin tng thm 50%.

* Augment: raise, increase

- The boy augmented (increased) his allowance by mowing lawns=Cu b tng thm tingia nh cho bng cch ct c.

- She taught night classes to augment her income=C y dy ban m tng thm linhun.

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* Rise (intransitive) / raise (transitive: cn c object theo sau)

- Rise up early=dy sm

- Get up: He rose from the chair=Anh ta ng dy

- Mc: The sun rises in the East=Mt tri mc phng ng.

- Tng thm: We have raised the price of bread=Chng ti tng gi bnh m.

Lu : Increase v raise cng ngha l tng thm, nhng n cch dng ca increasev raise trong cu sau y:

- The price of bread has increasedby 10%=Gi bnh m tng ln 10% (increase lintransitive)

- We have increased the price of bread=Chng ti tng gi bnh m (increase ltransitive). Hay c th ni: We have raised the price of bread.

Tm li: Increase, rise v augment c th thay th cho nhau trong ngha tng thm. Nhngrise l intransitive verb. They increased the price=They raised the price=H tng gi.[Khng ni *they rose the price, nhng c th ni: The river has risen=Mc nc sng dng ln (hay: has gone up, has increased)]

Habit: thi quen (xu hay tt)

A Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage ca Bergen and CorneliaEvans (Random House, 1957, p. 124) ch thch v ch habit: Habit appliesmore to the individual and implies that the same action has been repeated so

often that there is a tendency to perform itspontaneous, thi quen c xuhng p dng cho c nhn, v hm cng mt hnh ng c lp li nhiuln khin mang ngha t pht, t , khng b bn ngoi thc y, thnh tnhin. There can be good habits as well as bad habits. Habit l thi quen, c

th xu hay tt. Th d:

- ng ti c thi quen vut ru trong khi ni chuyn=My grandpa has a habitstroking his beard while taking.

- He has a habit of smoking after a meal=Anh c thi quen ht thuc l saukhi n xong.

- Ive got into the habit of turning on the TV as soon as I get home=Ti c

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thi quen m v tuyn truyn hnh ngay khi va v nh.

- I have to admit that I am a creature of habit=Ti phi th nhn l ti lngi m cuc sng hng ngy b thi quen chi phi.

- Habit-forming=(adj) ghin, nghin. Certain drugs can be habit-forming: vith thuc dng hoi thnh nghin.

Habit cng c nhng ngha khc vi routine:

(1) Tt nghin. Many addicts get into petty crime to support theirhabit=Nhiu k nghin phi n trm vt c tin chu cp bnh nghin ca

h.

(2) o ca nh tu: a nuns habit=o chong ca b s.

Tc ng:

- Old habits die hard: tt c hay thi c kh sa.

- Break the habit, kick the habit=b thi quen, b tt ghin. Im trying tobreak the habit of staying up too late=ti ang c b thi quen thc khuyaqu. Shes trying to give up smoking, but cant kick the habit=c ta ang c

b ht thuc nhng khng b c tt ny.

* Tnh t ca habit l habitual=quen thi, thng xuyn.

- A habitual drunkard=ngi thng xuyn say ru.

- Habitu= Khch quen.

* To habituate=luyn cho quen. Habituated to=accustomed to: quen vi.

- The monkeys in the zoo have become habituated to children feedingthem=nhng con kh trong s th quen vi vic tr em cho chng n.

2. Routine (n): vic lm quen, l thng

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- She found it difficult to establish a routine after retirement=B thy kh cth lp c mt l thi mi sau khi v hu.

- Do something as a matter of routine: lm g nh mt chuyn theo l thng.Im making exercise as part of my daily routine=Ti ang tp th thao nhmt phn cng vic u n hng ngy.

- Routine tasks=trch v lm theo l thng. My morning routine is to openmy computer and read the e-mail before meeting with my staff=Theo thngl, ti bt u bui sng bng cch m my vi-tnh, c in th ri hp vi

ban nhn vin.

Routine (adj) cn c ngha hi chn, khng thch th, dull, boring

- Anything new today? No, just the routine work=Hm nay c g l khng?Khng, vn tng y cng vic thng l.

- This type of work rapidly becomes routine=Cng vic ny chng bao lu trthnh t nht.

- The ballet dancers go through a dance routine (n)=v cng nhy ba-l nhytheo nhng iu thng l.

- Routine procedures =th tc theo l thng. The pilots must go through allthe routine procedures before takeoff: phi cng phi kim sot nhng b phntheo trnh t thng l trc khi ct cnh.

Nh vy: habit ch thi quen c th xu hay tt, c tnh cch t pht, ca mtc nhn lm nhiu ln thnh quen. Habit cn c ngha l nghin, hay o nhtu. Cn routine l vic thng l, u n, khng c g khc bit. Routine val danh t va lm tnh t (u n, khng thch th).