experimental earthquake engineering research in lnec · seismic engineering research...
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SERIESSEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES
FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
FP7- INFRASTRUCTURES-2008-1
SP4-Capacities
Experimental Earthquake
Engineering Research in LNECEngineering Research in LNEC
P. Candeias, A. Campos Costa, Ema Coelho
Earthquake Engineering Division - NESDE
National Laboratory for Civil engineering – LNEC, Lisbon
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept 2., 2010
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
LNEC/NESDE Main activities
• Seismic action characterization studies, seismic hazard and seismic risk
• Seismic assessment of structures and study of techniques for seismic protection and rehabilitation
• Support to the development of seismic codes
• Technical and scientific support to National Authorities
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
• Dynamic characterisation studies (in-situ Ambient Vibration Tests)
• Experimental research. Exploitation of the LNEC seismic testing facility (since 1995)
▫ European research projects (4th, 5th, 6th and 7th Framework Programmes of the EU)
▫ National research projects (FCT)
▫ LNEC funding
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
LNEC/NESDE STAFFResearch staff
• 3 senior researchers (2 civil engineers, 1 mechanical)
• 2 young researchers (geophysicists)
• 1 post-doc grant-holder (civil engineer)
• 3 research trainees (civil engineers), 2 PhD students, 1 MSc student
• 1 grant-holder, post-graduate and MSc student (civil engineer)
• temporary collaborators (exchange students, EU and National)
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
Technical staff (support to research activity)
• 2 1st class technicians (information systems and experimental activity)
• 4 lab technicians grant-holders, graduate students in civil engineering
Administrative staff
• 1 administrative
Support from Geotechnics Department and Scientific Instrumentation Centre
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Experimental activity – EU projects
• ECOEST II – 1996-1999 – 5 User Groups
• NEFOREEE – 2001-2005
• ECOLEADER – 2002-2005 – 4 User Groups
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
• ECOLEADER – 2002-2005 – 4 User Groups
• SPEAR – 2002-2005
• PRECAST EC8 – 2003-2006
• SAFECAST – Started 2009
• SERIES – Started 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Experimental activity – National/LNEC
projects
• COMREHAB – 2000-2001
• MITRIS – 1999-2004
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
• MITRIS – 1999-2004
• FCT Stone Masonry – 2005-2008
• TLD – 2007/2009
• UMinho/LNEC Stone Masonry – 2008/2009
• QREN Reinforced Masonry – 2008/2009
• FCT Masonry enclosures – 2009/2010
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
LNEC seismic testing facility
• Main characteristics:
� Area ≈≈≈≈ 450m2
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
� Ceiling height 10m
� Movable height 8m
� Travelling crane 400kN
� Access gates 4.5m
http://www.lnec.pt/organizacao/de/nesde/
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
LNEC seismic testing facility
� Large 3D shaking table
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
� Large 3D shaking table
� Small 1D shaking table
�Reaction wall (in preparation)
http://www.lnec.pt/organizacao/de/nesde/
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
� Max payload 40 ton
� Surface 4.6m by 5.6m
LNEC seismic testing facility
3D shake table
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
� Three independent orthogonal axes
� Displacements actively controlled
� Rotations passively restrained
� Frequency range from 0.1Hz up to 40Hz
http://www.lnec.pt/organizacao/de/nesde/
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
LNEC seismic testing facility
1D shake table
� Max payload 6 tonnes
� Surface 3.2m by 2.2m
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
� Single horizontal/vertical axis
� Displacement actively controlled
� Frequency range from 0.1Hz up to 25Hz
http://www.lnec.pt/organizacao/de/nesde/
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Instrumentation
� Accelerometers
� Displacement Transducers
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
� Load Cells
� Strain Gauges
� Cameras for Test Documentation
� Cameras for Data Acquisition (planned for 2010, SERIES, NA1)
http://www.lnec.pt/organizacao/de/nesde/
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Signal Processing and Analysis Software
• Software LNEC-SPA
▫ Signal Generation
▫ Data acquisition
▫ Signal Processing
▫ System identification
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
▫ Visualization
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Other experimental activities• In-Situ Ambient Vibration Tests (OMA)
▫ Output-only identification methods implemented in LNEC-SPA:
� Averaged Normalized Power Spectral Density (ANPSD)
� Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD)
� Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD)
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
� Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD)
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Performance Based Earthquake
Engineering (PBEE) - Concepts
• Seismic hazard levels
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
Tr = 72 years
Tr = 475 years
Tr = 2475 years
• Structural/non-structural performance levels
• Performance objectives
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Case study #1:
Portuguese House of Parliament
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
� Goals of the Project:�Vulnerability assessment of the building
�Possible strengthening solutions
� Permanent monitoring system
� Emergency planning for disaster scenarios (evacuation plan)
Methodology:
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
�Methodology:�Dynamic characterization tests
�Numerical modeling (Dynamic and static non-linear models)
�Masonry characterization tests:
�Flat jack tests
�Ultrasonic and mechanical pulse velocity tests
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Cloister
Passos Perdidos Hall
SenateAmphitheatre
NobleStaircase
AssemblyAmphitheatre
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
Office andMeeting RoomsLibrary
Noble Room
Main Entranceand Lobby
Amphitheatre
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
� Structural Characteristics:
�Geometry
� Length/Height ratio ≈ 4-5 (high stiffness)
�Materials
� Masonry walls, mainly tmax
=2.20m
� Wood pavements and roof trusses
≈6
5m
≈11
7m
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
� Wood pavements and roof trusses
� Steel beams
� Reinforced concrete pavements
�Discontinuities:
� Several reconstructions, repairs, upgrades
and change of usage type.
≈130m
hmax≈25m
(façade)
=> Very complex and heterogeneous structure!
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
� Test Setups
�Level 5 - Global
� 1 test setup covering all plan
� Façades
� 2 test setups in the left wing
� 1 test setup in the front façade
� 1 test setup in the rear façadey
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
� 1 test setup in the rear façade
� 1 test setup in the right wing
� Assembly Amphitheatre
� 3 test setups (level 5 + level 7 + roof)
� Senate Amphitheatre
� 2 test setups (level 3 and 5 + references and roof)
X
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Vulnerable zones
1. Cloister
2.“Passos Perdidos” Hall
3. Main wall of the parliament
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
parliament
4.Left lateral wall of the corridor parallel to the amphitheatre
5.Right lateral wall of the corridor parallel to the amphitheatre
6.Lateral right wing
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Partial analytical model
• LNEC Dams Department
• E.Bretas, P.Gomes, e V. Lemos
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
Parliament, mode in x direction
(3.2 Hz)Parliament, first mode in y
direction (4.0 Hz)
Senate, first mode in y
direction (3.5 Hz)
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
� Non-linear vulnerability analysis
� Discrete Element – DE 3DEC-LNEC (V.Lemos)
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
� 1º Mode – 3,2Hz
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
� Non-linear vulnerability analysis
� Pushover curve definition for lower and upper bounds
� Definition of performance objectives based on VISION 2000
Sismos
Frequentes(50% -30 anos)
43 anos
CompletamenteOperacional
OperacionalSalvaguarda de
vidaPróximo do
Colapso Níve
Níveis de Desempenho de Edifícios
mic
a
Sismos
0.75
0.9
Tr=475 (Raro)
Tr=975 (Muito Raro)
Tr=2475 (Máximo)
Capacidade inferior
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
Sismos Raros(10% -50 anos)
475 anos
Sismos Muito
Raros (5% -50 anos)
975 anos
OBJECTIVO BÀSICO
Níveis de desempenho de edifícios correntes
OBJECTIVO CRíTICO
Níveis de desempenho de instalações perigosasN
ive
is d
e I
nte
nsid
ade d
a A
cção
Sís
m
Sismos
Ocasionais(50% -50 anos)
72 anos
OBJECTIVO ESSENCIAL
Níveis de desempenho de edifícios essenciais
Sismo Máximo
(2% -50 anos)
2475 anos
0
0.15
0.3
0.45
0.6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Sa
(g)
Sd (cm)
Capacidade superior
Operacional - Início da endilhação
Salvaguarda de vida - Alteração de rigidez
Próximo do Colapso
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
General Conclusions
• The dynamic characterisation of large Civil Engineering structural systems constitutes a valuable tool for damage assessment
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
valuable tool for damage assessment
• Dynamic characterisation of structural systems can also be used also for vulnerability assessment (LS safety margins) of structural systems if complemented by:
▫ complementary information from destructive tests
▫ numerical modelling (able to reproduce the LS)
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Case study #2:
Reinforced concrete substation
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Adopted methodology
• Induced seismic intensity levels based on hazard curves and accumulated Arias intensities (I )
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
curves and accumulated Arias intensities (Ia)
• Definition of Limit States (LS) based on Damage Indexes (DI)
• Compare results thus obtained with performance objectives
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
PBEE - Methodology for
Experimental Assessment
• Induced seismic intensity levels based on hazard curves and accumulated Arias intensities (I )
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
curves and accumulated Arias intensities (Ia)
5.1
100,
1
,
,475
⋅=∑=
TESTa
n
i
TESTia
TESTnmI
I
yearsT
Test stage agm
[g] Tm
[years]
TEST25 0.10 68
TEST50 0.24 267
TEST100 0.47 728
TEST160 0.73 1416
TEST160_1 0.91 2004
TEST180 1.08 2573
5.1
1
⋅=
R
mgRgm
T
Taa
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
PBEE - Methodology for
Experimental Assessment
• Definition of Limit States (LS) based on Damage Indexes (DI)
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
Indexes (DI)
0
1f
fD n−=
Limit States (LS) Damage Index (D)
Damage Limitation (DL) 17%
Significant Damage (SD) 50%
Near Collapse (NC) 83%
DiPasquale
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
PBEE - Methodology for
Experimental Assessment
• Compare results obtained with
EC8-NA-zone 1.1-soil B
2,5
TR=68years
TR=267years
TR=728years
TR=1416years
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
obtained with performance objectives
▫ EC8
▫ IEC 60068-3-3
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
0,1 1 10 100
Frequency [Hz]
Acc
eler
atio
n n
orm
alis
ed f
or
equ
ipm
ent
[g]
TR=2004years
TR=2573years
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
PBEE - Methodology for
Experimental Assessment
100%
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000PUCBET
NORMAFIX base foundation bearingsPow er transformer base foundation bearings
• Compare results obtained with
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
68 267 728 1416 2004 2573
Seismic action return period [years]
Dam
age
ind
ex [
%]
Pow er transformer base foundation bearings
Damage Limitation (225 years)
Significant Damage (475 years)
Near Collapse (2475 years)
EFACEC electrical compliance tests
obtained with performance objectives
▫ EC8
▫ IEC 60068-3-3
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
SERIES Workshop “Role of Research Infrastructures in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering” , Ohrid (MK), Sept. 2, 2010
Thank you for your attention!