experimenatal analysis on coconut cell as course aggregate greener alternative · pdf...

International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research

www.ijmter.com e-ISSN No.:2349-9745, Date: 28-30 April, 2016

@IJMTER-2014, All rights Reserved

Experimental Analysis on Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate: A Greener Alternative

Kushal D. Oswal1, Shailendra Pal2, Dr. Ushadevi S. Patil3 1 U.G. Student, Civil Dept., D.Y.Patil Inst. of Engg. and Tech., Ambi, Pune, Maharashtra

Email: [email protected] 2 U.G. Student, Civil Dept., D.Y.Patil Inst. of Engg. and Tech., Ambi, Pune, Maharashtra

Email: [email protected] 3Prof. of Civil Engg. Dept, D.Y.Patil Inst. of Engg. and Tech., Ambi, Pune, Maharashtra

Email: [email protected] _________________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract- Construction industry is blooming tremendously with increase in population which has led in development of new buildings and infrastructure. So the large demand for construction material has depleted the natural resources creating an impact on nature and environment. To fulfill this additional demand there is a need to find an alternative material for replacing natural resources. Coconut shells being an agricultural waste can be used as partial substitute to coarse aggregate and may reduce the aggregate cost and provide a good strength for structures and roads saving the landfill cost and also energy. An Experimental analysis was conducted on partial replacement of coconut shells with coarse aggregate in various proportions ranging from 0%, 10%,15%,20% & 25% on the strength criteria of M15, M20, M25 and M30. Compressive strength of cubes for 7, 14 and 28 days were tested.

Keywords-Coconut Shell; Crushed Sand; Compressive Strength; Partial Replacement; Agricultural Waste; Sustainable development

I. INTRODUCTION

Concrete is widely used construction material in the world. As we all know that any building structure is impossible without concrete. Due to increase in development of infrastructure and construction activities there is a high demand for concrete which has led to cause some negative impacts on the natural environment like continuous extensive extraction of aggregates from natural resources from river and mountain quarries. Researchers are searching for an alternative to coarse aggregate making it less expensive and to lead a sustainable development. The best substitute for aggregates is if it can be obtained naturally and the source is abundant and can be regenerated. The use of coconut shell can be a valuable substitute in the formation of composite material that can be used in housing construction. Coconut is famous as multi-function plant that all parts of this plant can be used for various activities. The use of this agricultural waste is that it can replace existing material used in commercial product in order to reduce cost or improve mechanical properties of the composite material. Coconut shell is an agricultural waste and it can be a source of income for farmers. Using agricultural and forest residues for industrial purposes is a much more environment safe and friendly more than any other method of waste disposal being commonly adopted now a days. Over extraction of river sand has disturbed plant and animal life in water, hence crushed sand can be used as an alternative of river sand.

International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER) Volume 3, Issue 4, [April 2016] Special Issue of ICRTET’2016

@IJMTER-2014, All rights Reserved 506

1.1. Advantages of Coconut Shells

In India the total production of coconut in the year 2010 was 10,894,000 tons which was 17.33% of the total world production. Cost reduction can be achieved if coconut shells are used to replace gravel in concrete. As coconut shell is an agricultural waste, it is cheap and environmental friendly. Coconut Shell generally take 100-120 years for its decomposition hence it is a most suitable material for its use in concrete. Coconut shell concrete can be used in rural areas and places where Coconut is abundant and conventional aggregates are costly. 1.2. Objectives of Study

The main objective of this paper is to study Engineering properties of Coconut shell in concrete so as it can be used as a green alternative to conventional cement concrete. ● To study partial replacement of coarse aggregate by coconut shell. ● To replace River sand by crush sand. ● To enhance green construction environment. ● To achieve sustainable development. ● To achieve light weight concrete construction. ● To utilize agricultural waste like coconut shell in construction.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

● Selection of type of grade of mix, mix design by IS 10262-1982, trial mixes, final mix

proportions. ● Estimating total quantity of materials required for concrete for various mix proportions. ● Testing of properties of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and Coconut shells. ● Casting the concrete cubes with Coconut shell as partial replacement. ● Testing of cubes in Compressive Testing Machine(CTM)/Universal Testing Machine(UTM)

The technique adopted for this study was hand mixing and by using a standard moulds of 150x150x150 mm for casting the cubes. The slump test was carried out to find the w/c ratio of mix before it was filled into the mould, water curing method was adopted. The moulded concrete cubes were given 24 hrs. to set before demoulding. The cubes were cured for 7, 14 and 28 days.

● Grade of cement=53 (OPC). ● Type of sand= crush sand. ● Size of crushed Coconut shell =12.5-20 mm by sieve analysis and 2-8 mm in thickness.



2.1. Material Test Results

SR. NO. NAME OF TEST TEST RESULTS

TEST ON COARSE AGGREGATES: 01 Specific gravity 2.897 02 Water absorption (%) 0.4048 03 Bulk Density(kg/m3) 1650

04 Aggregate Impact value (%) 2.919 05 Fineness modulus 6.85

TEST ON CEMENT:

01 Standard Consistency (%) 27 02 Fineness of Cement (%) 6 03 Initial setting time (mins.) 42 04 Final setting time (mins.) 405 05 Specific Gravity 3.10 06 Soundness Test (mm) 6

TEST ON FINE AGGREGATE:

01 Specific Gravity 2.67 02 Fineness Modulus 2.55 03 Bulk Density (kg/m3) 1600 04 Moisture Content (%) 0.756

TEST ON COCONUT SHELLS:

01 Specific Gravity 1.318 02 Water Absorption (%) 9.65 03 Bulk Density(kg/m3) 600 04 Shell thickness (mm) 2-8 05 Aggregate Impact Value (%) 1.79 06 Fineness Modulus 6.85



III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Compressive strength results are tabulated below:

M15 (N/mm2)

Age (In days) Replacement (%) 0% 10% 15% 20% 25% 7 Day 12 12.48 12 12.62 7.996 14 Day 21.08 20.11 16.67 15.907 14.61 28 Day 22.17 20.5 18.62 16.781 16.00

M20 (N/mm2) Age (In days) Replacement (%) 0% 10% 15% 20% 25% 7 Day 20.33 20.22 14.17 11.62 8.91 14 Day 23.55 20.60 20.71 18.747 12.75 28 Day 27.32 21.74 21.34 19.57 15

M25 (N/mm2) Age (In days) Replacement (%)

0% 10% 15% 20% 25% 7 Day 23.5 23.35 22.01 20.22 14.28 14 Day 29.47 28.12 26.83 22.044 17.81

28 Day 33.33 29.02 28.99 27.871 17.9

M30 (N/mm2) Age (In days) Replacement (%)

0% 10% 15% 20% 25% 7 Day 35.02 31.55 30.6 26.7 21.32

14 Day 36.62 32.38 31.18 27.87 25.91

28 Day 40.77 32.61 31.47 28.3 26.44



IV. CONCLUSION 1. Increase in Percentage replacement of Coconut shell as coarse aggregate decreases Compressive

strength. The Compressive strength of Concrete block is acceptable up to 20% replacement, but there sudden decrease in Compressive strength after 20% replacement.

2. The water absorption of Coconut shell was observed 9.65% of the total weight, which indicates that the porosity of the Coconut shell is high and hence the water cement ratio changes as compared to natural concrete.

3. As the percentage replacement increases the weight of concrete block decreases. 4. Light weight concrete can be used for construction of Pedestrian road Pavements, Compound

walls, etc.

\



REFERENCES

[1] Jyoti Kamal, Proff. J.P. Singh “Experimental Study on Strength Characteristics of M25 Concrete with Partial Replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shell and cement with Fly Ash.” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 4, Issue 6, June 2015.

[2] Ashwini Manjunath B T, Manasa H R, Pavan Pissy, Madhu Kumar H N, Sudeepa H C “Application Of Coconut Shell As Coarse Aggregate In Concrete” IJIFR/ V2/ E11/ 013 Page No. 4084-4089 ISSN (Online): 2347-1697.

[3] Himanshu Dahiya, Naveen Dharni “Concrete With Crushed Coconut Shell As Coarse Aggregate” Journal Of Mechanical And Civil Engineering VOL 2 ISSUE 1/1/2015, Paper No.3 ISSN-3855-0154.

[4] Dewanshu Ahlawat, L.G.Kalurkar “Coconut Shell as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete.” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X PP 61-64 Page.

[5] Parag S. Kambli, Sandhya R. Mathapati “Application of Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete: A Technical Review” Int. Journal of Engineering Research & Applications, ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3(Version 1), March 2014, pp.498-501.

[6] Akshay S. Shelke, Kalyani R.Coconut Shell as Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate: Review” International Journal of Civil Engineering Research. ISSN 2278-3652 Volume 5, Number 3 (2014), pp. 211-214.

[7] Daniel Yaw Osei “Experimental assessment on coconut shells as aggregate in concrete” International Journal of Engineering Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, Vol 2 Issue 5/5/2013 PP.07-11.

[8] Tomas U. “Sustainable Management of Waste Coconut Shells as Aggregates in Concrete Mixture. “Journal of Engineering Science & Technology Review 6 (5) (2013)Pg No.7-14.

[9] S. A. Kakade, Dr. A. W. Dhawale “Light Weight Aggregate Concrete By Using Coconut Shell” International Journal of Technical Research and Applications, e-ISSN: 2320-8163,Volume 3, Issue 3 (May-June 2015), PP. 127-129.

[10] Sreenivasulu Dandagala, Praveen K, Satish K, Sri Harsha K, Mahesh V Anil Kumar P “Laboratory investigation on coconut shell in concrete: An alternative low cost building material.” National Conference on Green Engineering and Technologies for Sustainable Future-2014 Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN: 0974-2115 JCHPS Special Issue 4: December 2014 Page 41.

[11] Vishwas P. Kukarni, Sanjay kumar B. Gaikwad “Comparative Study on Coconut Shell Aggregate with Conventional Concrete.” ISSN: 2277-3754 ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 12, June 2013 67

[12] Prof. Pathak Udaykumar J, Prof. Abhijit Warudkar, Shivkumar S. Patil, Sagar S. Dube, Sachin D. Wavhal, Abhijeet N. Adik. “Assesement of Concrete by Replacing Coarse Aggregate and Fine Aggregate to Coconut Shell and Glass Sand for Economical and Eco-Friendly Concrete.” Volume : 4 | Issue : 4 | Apr 2014 | ISSN - 2249-555X.

experimenatal analysis on coconut cell as course aggregate greener alternative · pdf...

Documents