experience in soft ground engineering - ags (hkags-hk.org/notes/18/05_softsoil_jeff.pdfsoft soil...
TRANSCRIPT
Insert Heading
AGS (HK) Seminar on Reclamation
Experience in Soft Ground Engineering
Dr Jeff Hsi 29th November 2014
1
Outline
bull Soft Soil Behaviour
bull Characteristics amp Issues
bull Investigation amp Interpretation
bull Design Considerations
bull Treatment Options
bull Observational Approach
bull Risk Management
2
Soft Soil Behaviour
bull Build-up of pore water pressure when loaded
bull Undrained deformation of soil - instantaneous
bull Dissipation of excess pore water pressure
bull Increase in effective stress in soil
bull Consolidation settlement (primary settlement) ndash time dependent
bull Strength gains in soil
bull Creep settlement (secondary settlement) ndash long term
Voids (Water)
Soil Particles
Saturated Soil 3
Characteristics amp Issues
Soft Soil Characteristics
bull High compressibility
bull Low strength
bull Low permeability
Soft Soil Issues
bull Excessive ground movement during and post construction
bull Instability failure of embankment
bull Slow consolidation and prolonged settlement time during construction
4
Characteristics amp Issues Construction Access
Y2C
BBA CKE
BBA 5
Characteristics amp Issues Excessive Ground Movement
Y2C
Y2C
6
Characteristics amp Issues Embankment Failure
Y2C GUP
Vietnam
7
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Raleigh Deviation
8
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Sunshine Motorway
SCCP
9
Investigation amp Interpretation
bull Subsurface profile
bull Drainage boundaries
bull Groundwater table piezometric levels
bull Compressibility
bull Strength
bull Hydraulic conductivity (ie permeability coefficient of consolidation)
10
Investigation amp Interpretation CPTU PPDT
Y2C
11
Investigation amp Interpretation 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
10 15 20 25
Dep
th (m
)
Bulk Density (kNm3)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Undrained Shear Strength Cu (kPa)
Field Shear VaneShear Vane Residual
0 1 2 3 4 5OCR
(SuSu(NC))^1mσp σv
0 50 100 150Atterberg Limit ()
Moisture ContentLiquid LimitPlastic Limit
0 1 2Liquidity Index
0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)
0 001 002 003Cαε
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
0 02 04 06
Dep
th (m
)
Ccε0 002 004 006
Crε
BAC 12
Design Considerations
bull Stability (short amp long terms)
bull Settlement (total amp differential)
bull Construction program time constraints
bull Design life and durability
bull Functionality serviceability
bull Maintenance
13
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Outline
bull Soft Soil Behaviour
bull Characteristics amp Issues
bull Investigation amp Interpretation
bull Design Considerations
bull Treatment Options
bull Observational Approach
bull Risk Management
2
Soft Soil Behaviour
bull Build-up of pore water pressure when loaded
bull Undrained deformation of soil - instantaneous
bull Dissipation of excess pore water pressure
bull Increase in effective stress in soil
bull Consolidation settlement (primary settlement) ndash time dependent
bull Strength gains in soil
bull Creep settlement (secondary settlement) ndash long term
Voids (Water)
Soil Particles
Saturated Soil 3
Characteristics amp Issues
Soft Soil Characteristics
bull High compressibility
bull Low strength
bull Low permeability
Soft Soil Issues
bull Excessive ground movement during and post construction
bull Instability failure of embankment
bull Slow consolidation and prolonged settlement time during construction
4
Characteristics amp Issues Construction Access
Y2C
BBA CKE
BBA 5
Characteristics amp Issues Excessive Ground Movement
Y2C
Y2C
6
Characteristics amp Issues Embankment Failure
Y2C GUP
Vietnam
7
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Raleigh Deviation
8
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Sunshine Motorway
SCCP
9
Investigation amp Interpretation
bull Subsurface profile
bull Drainage boundaries
bull Groundwater table piezometric levels
bull Compressibility
bull Strength
bull Hydraulic conductivity (ie permeability coefficient of consolidation)
10
Investigation amp Interpretation CPTU PPDT
Y2C
11
Investigation amp Interpretation 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
10 15 20 25
Dep
th (m
)
Bulk Density (kNm3)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Undrained Shear Strength Cu (kPa)
Field Shear VaneShear Vane Residual
0 1 2 3 4 5OCR
(SuSu(NC))^1mσp σv
0 50 100 150Atterberg Limit ()
Moisture ContentLiquid LimitPlastic Limit
0 1 2Liquidity Index
0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)
0 001 002 003Cαε
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
0 02 04 06
Dep
th (m
)
Ccε0 002 004 006
Crε
BAC 12
Design Considerations
bull Stability (short amp long terms)
bull Settlement (total amp differential)
bull Construction program time constraints
bull Design life and durability
bull Functionality serviceability
bull Maintenance
13
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Soft Soil Behaviour
bull Build-up of pore water pressure when loaded
bull Undrained deformation of soil - instantaneous
bull Dissipation of excess pore water pressure
bull Increase in effective stress in soil
bull Consolidation settlement (primary settlement) ndash time dependent
bull Strength gains in soil
bull Creep settlement (secondary settlement) ndash long term
Voids (Water)
Soil Particles
Saturated Soil 3
Characteristics amp Issues
Soft Soil Characteristics
bull High compressibility
bull Low strength
bull Low permeability
Soft Soil Issues
bull Excessive ground movement during and post construction
bull Instability failure of embankment
bull Slow consolidation and prolonged settlement time during construction
4
Characteristics amp Issues Construction Access
Y2C
BBA CKE
BBA 5
Characteristics amp Issues Excessive Ground Movement
Y2C
Y2C
6
Characteristics amp Issues Embankment Failure
Y2C GUP
Vietnam
7
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Raleigh Deviation
8
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Sunshine Motorway
SCCP
9
Investigation amp Interpretation
bull Subsurface profile
bull Drainage boundaries
bull Groundwater table piezometric levels
bull Compressibility
bull Strength
bull Hydraulic conductivity (ie permeability coefficient of consolidation)
10
Investigation amp Interpretation CPTU PPDT
Y2C
11
Investigation amp Interpretation 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
10 15 20 25
Dep
th (m
)
Bulk Density (kNm3)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Undrained Shear Strength Cu (kPa)
Field Shear VaneShear Vane Residual
0 1 2 3 4 5OCR
(SuSu(NC))^1mσp σv
0 50 100 150Atterberg Limit ()
Moisture ContentLiquid LimitPlastic Limit
0 1 2Liquidity Index
0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)
0 001 002 003Cαε
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
0 02 04 06
Dep
th (m
)
Ccε0 002 004 006
Crε
BAC 12
Design Considerations
bull Stability (short amp long terms)
bull Settlement (total amp differential)
bull Construction program time constraints
bull Design life and durability
bull Functionality serviceability
bull Maintenance
13
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Characteristics amp Issues
Soft Soil Characteristics
bull High compressibility
bull Low strength
bull Low permeability
Soft Soil Issues
bull Excessive ground movement during and post construction
bull Instability failure of embankment
bull Slow consolidation and prolonged settlement time during construction
4
Characteristics amp Issues Construction Access
Y2C
BBA CKE
BBA 5
Characteristics amp Issues Excessive Ground Movement
Y2C
Y2C
6
Characteristics amp Issues Embankment Failure
Y2C GUP
Vietnam
7
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Raleigh Deviation
8
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Sunshine Motorway
SCCP
9
Investigation amp Interpretation
bull Subsurface profile
bull Drainage boundaries
bull Groundwater table piezometric levels
bull Compressibility
bull Strength
bull Hydraulic conductivity (ie permeability coefficient of consolidation)
10
Investigation amp Interpretation CPTU PPDT
Y2C
11
Investigation amp Interpretation 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
10 15 20 25
Dep
th (m
)
Bulk Density (kNm3)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Undrained Shear Strength Cu (kPa)
Field Shear VaneShear Vane Residual
0 1 2 3 4 5OCR
(SuSu(NC))^1mσp σv
0 50 100 150Atterberg Limit ()
Moisture ContentLiquid LimitPlastic Limit
0 1 2Liquidity Index
0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)
0 001 002 003Cαε
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
0 02 04 06
Dep
th (m
)
Ccε0 002 004 006
Crε
BAC 12
Design Considerations
bull Stability (short amp long terms)
bull Settlement (total amp differential)
bull Construction program time constraints
bull Design life and durability
bull Functionality serviceability
bull Maintenance
13
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Characteristics amp Issues Construction Access
Y2C
BBA CKE
BBA 5
Characteristics amp Issues Excessive Ground Movement
Y2C
Y2C
6
Characteristics amp Issues Embankment Failure
Y2C GUP
Vietnam
7
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Raleigh Deviation
8
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Sunshine Motorway
SCCP
9
Investigation amp Interpretation
bull Subsurface profile
bull Drainage boundaries
bull Groundwater table piezometric levels
bull Compressibility
bull Strength
bull Hydraulic conductivity (ie permeability coefficient of consolidation)
10
Investigation amp Interpretation CPTU PPDT
Y2C
11
Investigation amp Interpretation 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
10 15 20 25
Dep
th (m
)
Bulk Density (kNm3)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Undrained Shear Strength Cu (kPa)
Field Shear VaneShear Vane Residual
0 1 2 3 4 5OCR
(SuSu(NC))^1mσp σv
0 50 100 150Atterberg Limit ()
Moisture ContentLiquid LimitPlastic Limit
0 1 2Liquidity Index
0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)
0 001 002 003Cαε
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
0 02 04 06
Dep
th (m
)
Ccε0 002 004 006
Crε
BAC 12
Design Considerations
bull Stability (short amp long terms)
bull Settlement (total amp differential)
bull Construction program time constraints
bull Design life and durability
bull Functionality serviceability
bull Maintenance
13
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Characteristics amp Issues Excessive Ground Movement
Y2C
Y2C
6
Characteristics amp Issues Embankment Failure
Y2C GUP
Vietnam
7
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Raleigh Deviation
8
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Sunshine Motorway
SCCP
9
Investigation amp Interpretation
bull Subsurface profile
bull Drainage boundaries
bull Groundwater table piezometric levels
bull Compressibility
bull Strength
bull Hydraulic conductivity (ie permeability coefficient of consolidation)
10
Investigation amp Interpretation CPTU PPDT
Y2C
11
Investigation amp Interpretation 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
10 15 20 25
Dep
th (m
)
Bulk Density (kNm3)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Undrained Shear Strength Cu (kPa)
Field Shear VaneShear Vane Residual
0 1 2 3 4 5OCR
(SuSu(NC))^1mσp σv
0 50 100 150Atterberg Limit ()
Moisture ContentLiquid LimitPlastic Limit
0 1 2Liquidity Index
0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)
0 001 002 003Cαε
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
0 02 04 06
Dep
th (m
)
Ccε0 002 004 006
Crε
BAC 12
Design Considerations
bull Stability (short amp long terms)
bull Settlement (total amp differential)
bull Construction program time constraints
bull Design life and durability
bull Functionality serviceability
bull Maintenance
13
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Characteristics amp Issues Embankment Failure
Y2C GUP
Vietnam
7
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Raleigh Deviation
8
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Sunshine Motorway
SCCP
9
Investigation amp Interpretation
bull Subsurface profile
bull Drainage boundaries
bull Groundwater table piezometric levels
bull Compressibility
bull Strength
bull Hydraulic conductivity (ie permeability coefficient of consolidation)
10
Investigation amp Interpretation CPTU PPDT
Y2C
11
Investigation amp Interpretation 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
10 15 20 25
Dep
th (m
)
Bulk Density (kNm3)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Undrained Shear Strength Cu (kPa)
Field Shear VaneShear Vane Residual
0 1 2 3 4 5OCR
(SuSu(NC))^1mσp σv
0 50 100 150Atterberg Limit ()
Moisture ContentLiquid LimitPlastic Limit
0 1 2Liquidity Index
0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)
0 001 002 003Cαε
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
0 02 04 06
Dep
th (m
)
Ccε0 002 004 006
Crε
BAC 12
Design Considerations
bull Stability (short amp long terms)
bull Settlement (total amp differential)
bull Construction program time constraints
bull Design life and durability
bull Functionality serviceability
bull Maintenance
13
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Raleigh Deviation
8
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Sunshine Motorway
SCCP
9
Investigation amp Interpretation
bull Subsurface profile
bull Drainage boundaries
bull Groundwater table piezometric levels
bull Compressibility
bull Strength
bull Hydraulic conductivity (ie permeability coefficient of consolidation)
10
Investigation amp Interpretation CPTU PPDT
Y2C
11
Investigation amp Interpretation 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
10 15 20 25
Dep
th (m
)
Bulk Density (kNm3)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Undrained Shear Strength Cu (kPa)
Field Shear VaneShear Vane Residual
0 1 2 3 4 5OCR
(SuSu(NC))^1mσp σv
0 50 100 150Atterberg Limit ()
Moisture ContentLiquid LimitPlastic Limit
0 1 2Liquidity Index
0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)
0 001 002 003Cαε
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
0 02 04 06
Dep
th (m
)
Ccε0 002 004 006
Crε
BAC 12
Design Considerations
bull Stability (short amp long terms)
bull Settlement (total amp differential)
bull Construction program time constraints
bull Design life and durability
bull Functionality serviceability
bull Maintenance
13
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement
Sunshine Motorway
SCCP
9
Investigation amp Interpretation
bull Subsurface profile
bull Drainage boundaries
bull Groundwater table piezometric levels
bull Compressibility
bull Strength
bull Hydraulic conductivity (ie permeability coefficient of consolidation)
10
Investigation amp Interpretation CPTU PPDT
Y2C
11
Investigation amp Interpretation 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
10 15 20 25
Dep
th (m
)
Bulk Density (kNm3)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Undrained Shear Strength Cu (kPa)
Field Shear VaneShear Vane Residual
0 1 2 3 4 5OCR
(SuSu(NC))^1mσp σv
0 50 100 150Atterberg Limit ()
Moisture ContentLiquid LimitPlastic Limit
0 1 2Liquidity Index
0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)
0 001 002 003Cαε
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
0 02 04 06
Dep
th (m
)
Ccε0 002 004 006
Crε
BAC 12
Design Considerations
bull Stability (short amp long terms)
bull Settlement (total amp differential)
bull Construction program time constraints
bull Design life and durability
bull Functionality serviceability
bull Maintenance
13
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Investigation amp Interpretation
bull Subsurface profile
bull Drainage boundaries
bull Groundwater table piezometric levels
bull Compressibility
bull Strength
bull Hydraulic conductivity (ie permeability coefficient of consolidation)
10
Investigation amp Interpretation CPTU PPDT
Y2C
11
Investigation amp Interpretation 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
10 15 20 25
Dep
th (m
)
Bulk Density (kNm3)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Undrained Shear Strength Cu (kPa)
Field Shear VaneShear Vane Residual
0 1 2 3 4 5OCR
(SuSu(NC))^1mσp σv
0 50 100 150Atterberg Limit ()
Moisture ContentLiquid LimitPlastic Limit
0 1 2Liquidity Index
0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)
0 001 002 003Cαε
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
0 02 04 06
Dep
th (m
)
Ccε0 002 004 006
Crε
BAC 12
Design Considerations
bull Stability (short amp long terms)
bull Settlement (total amp differential)
bull Construction program time constraints
bull Design life and durability
bull Functionality serviceability
bull Maintenance
13
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Investigation amp Interpretation CPTU PPDT
Y2C
11
Investigation amp Interpretation 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
10 15 20 25
Dep
th (m
)
Bulk Density (kNm3)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Undrained Shear Strength Cu (kPa)
Field Shear VaneShear Vane Residual
0 1 2 3 4 5OCR
(SuSu(NC))^1mσp σv
0 50 100 150Atterberg Limit ()
Moisture ContentLiquid LimitPlastic Limit
0 1 2Liquidity Index
0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)
0 001 002 003Cαε
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
0 02 04 06
Dep
th (m
)
Ccε0 002 004 006
Crε
BAC 12
Design Considerations
bull Stability (short amp long terms)
bull Settlement (total amp differential)
bull Construction program time constraints
bull Design life and durability
bull Functionality serviceability
bull Maintenance
13
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Investigation amp Interpretation 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
10 15 20 25
Dep
th (m
)
Bulk Density (kNm3)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Undrained Shear Strength Cu (kPa)
Field Shear VaneShear Vane Residual
0 1 2 3 4 5OCR
(SuSu(NC))^1mσp σv
0 50 100 150Atterberg Limit ()
Moisture ContentLiquid LimitPlastic Limit
0 1 2Liquidity Index
0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)
0 001 002 003Cαε
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
0 02 04 06
Dep
th (m
)
Ccε0 002 004 006
Crε
BAC 12
Design Considerations
bull Stability (short amp long terms)
bull Settlement (total amp differential)
bull Construction program time constraints
bull Design life and durability
bull Functionality serviceability
bull Maintenance
13
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Design Considerations
bull Stability (short amp long terms)
bull Settlement (total amp differential)
bull Construction program time constraints
bull Design life and durability
bull Functionality serviceability
bull Maintenance
13
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Design Considerations
Dp
t1 ltlt t2
With W D
t1
Time (log)
Sett
lem
ent
No W D
t2
Dp (Max Drainage Path)
Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement
14
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Design Considerations
t1 t2 lt t3
Ssrsquo lt Ss
HF
H
HF
FSL
HF = Preload Height
t3
S Ssrsquo
Ss
t2 t1
HS
HS
HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height
t
Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement
15
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR
16
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement
17
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Design Considerations
Design Process
bull Checks Settlement Stability
bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions
18
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options
Above Ground
bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile
bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash
bull Stabilisation berm
Below Ground
bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis
bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing
bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles
19
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains
20
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions
21
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile
Raleigh Deviation
Y2C
22
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options Light Weight Fill
BAC
450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT
PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI
CONTROLLED
WICK
PAVEMENT
SELECT FILL
EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM
FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)
MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE
MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD
UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB
23
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options Stabilising Berm
Y2C
24
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options Wick Drains
Y2C 25
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation
BBA
26
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR
WM7 27
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR
28
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles
CKE 29
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing
30
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns
BH2Y 31
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options CFA Columns
GUP
32
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Treatment Options Driven Piles
CWL Y2C 33
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Observational Approach
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers
bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability
bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance
34
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Observational Approach Settlement
Instrumented embankment
35
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Observational Approach
Pore pressure Lateral soil movement
36
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Risk Management
bull Geotechnical investigation
bull Interpretation
bull Geotechnical model
bull Design amp construction
bull Instrumentation amp monitoring
bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions
bull Adjustment of design amp construction
bull Prediction of future performance
Risk Management
Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations
Past Experience andLocal Knowledge
First PassDesign
Construction
AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations
Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring
Calibration of Design
Modification ofConstruction
Prediction of LongTerm Performance
Finish
OK
NG
37
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-
Insert Heading
Thank You
38
- Slide Number 1
- Outline
- Soft Soil Behaviour
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Characteristics amp Issues
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Investigation amp Interpretation
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Design Considerations
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Treatment Options
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Observational Approach
- Risk Management
- Slide Number 38
-