experience in new res technologies

Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09

Experience in new RES technologies Experience in new RES technologies in non interconnected systemsin non interconnected systems


New RES Technologies in non Interconnected Systems

Hybrid / Storage plantsHybrid / Storage plants

Concentrated Solar Thermal Plants (CSP)Concentrated Solar Thermal Plants (CSP)


• Volatile Primal RES

• Storage• Controllable

Generation

• Volatile Primal RES

• Storage• Controllable

Generation

Concepts

• Higher RES penetration/ Less RES curtailments

• Implicit Control of RES• Improve Grid Ancillary Services (AS)

– Reduce requirements or– Induce more capability

• Less Fossil fuel generation– CO2 emissions – dependency on imported fuels

• Substitution of conventional firm capacity

• Higher RES penetration/ Less RES curtailments

• Implicit Control of RES• Improve Grid Ancillary Services (AS)

– Reduce requirements or– Induce more capability

• Less Fossil fuel generation– CO2 emissions – dependency on imported fuels

• Substitution of conventional firm capacity

Goals

Hybrid / Storage Plants


Operational Principles

GRID

Demand

ConventionalGeneration

GRIDRES “Storage”“Discharger”

“Charger”

Filter

Surplus above demand

Volatility

Uncorrelatedwith demand


Common Example:Wind/Pump Storage/Hydro

GRID

Pump/Hydro

Storage

Wind park

Wind park

StorageNot necessarily at the same

or neighbor locationsNot necessarily at the same

or neighbor locations


Variety and Complexity of Projects

RES Plant(s)

Subproject

RES Plant(s)

Subproject

Storage Facilities

Subproject

Storage Facilities

Subproject

ControllablePlant(s)

Subproject

ControllablePlant(s)

Subproject

• Sources allocation and availability• Design and construction of plants and storage facilities. Selection of

units and technical characteristics. Variety of technical options.• Connection to grid.• Communication and control.• Other works (Civil works, constructions, etc)

• Sources allocation and availability• Design and construction of plants and storage facilities. Selection of

units and technical characteristics. Variety of technical options.• Connection to grid.• Communication and control.• Other works (Civil works, constructions, etc)

Technical Study: One year hourly basis analysis comparing system operation with/without the plant

Technical Study: One year hourly basis analysis comparing system operation with/without the plant


Special issues in project design

PrimalRES

PrimalRES

StorageStorage

ControllableProduction


• Source allocation. One year hourly data• Plant design and energy efficiency analysis

• Technical requirements for pump units (i.e. “charger”)

• Synchronization of storage to RES availability. Capability of simultaneous storage/production

• Minimization of grid use for storage. • Availability and preservation of storage mean (water

etc)

• Capacity guaranteed by mixing RES and controllable units

• Dispatch of available energy on daily load curve. • Technical requirements for controllable units.

Provision of ancillary services


Submitted Projectsunder evaluation for licensing (1)

50 MWWind Parks

80MW Batteries

80 MW Guaranteed

Capacity

312 MW Wind Parks

CRETECRETE

316MWHydro Turbines

Pumps

241 MW Guaranteed

Capacity

A capacity limit analysis* concluded that 250 ΜW of guaranteed capacity can be integrated to the Cretan system by 2012.

(*) NTUA, 2008

A capacity limit analysis* concluded that 250 ΜW of guaranteed capacity can be integrated to the Cretan system by 2012.

(*) NTUA, 2008


Submitted Projects under evaluation for licensing (3)

49 MW Wind Parks49 MW Wind Parks

RHODESRHODES

48 MW Hydro Turb./Pumps48 MW Hydro Turb./Pumps

3366 MW Guaranteed CapacityMW Guaranteed Capacity

33 MW Wind Parks33 MW Wind Parks

OTHER ISLANDSOTHER

ISLANDS

24,4 MW Hydro Turb. 28,8 MW Pumps

24,4 MW Hydro Turb. 28,8 MW Pumps

24,424,4 MW Guaranteed CapacityMW Guaranteed Capacity


Characteristics of Submitted Projects under evaluation for licensing (1)

•Wind Parks Location: • Mostly near the hydro plant. • For projects of large capacity, dispersed

•Wind Parks Location: • Mostly near the hydro plant. • For projects of large capacity, dispersed

• Storage synchronization to wind power : • Many projects use hydraulic bifurcators / manifolds or two penstocks• One project uses variable speed Pumps

• Storage synchronization to wind power : • Many projects use hydraulic bifurcators / manifolds or two penstocks• One project uses variable speed Pumps

• Use of conventional power to supplement storage : • Far under the limit of 30% annually.• Storage available for at least one day to provide guaranteed power.• Analysis of failure to provide guaranteed power under assumption of

unavailable conventional power.

• Use of conventional power to supplement storage : • Far under the limit of 30% annually.• Storage available for at least one day to provide guaranteed power.• Analysis of failure to provide guaranteed power under assumption of

unavailable conventional power.



• Ancillary Services and Technical characteristics• Low technical minimum• Fast startup and high ramp rates• Most projects are capable of AGC

• Ancillary Services and Technical characteristics• Low technical minimum• Fast startup and high ramp rates• Most projects are capable of AGC

• Capacity is Guaranteed by:• Using only controllable units• Very few proposals of mixing 50%-50% RES with controllable units.

• Capacity is Guaranteed by:• Using only controllable units• Very few proposals of mixing 50%-50% RES with controllable units.

• Scheduling• Peak Load. Substitution of peak thermal units down to technical

minimum, or shut down if possible.• Adjustment of guaranteed power in many hours. Equivalent guaranteed

energyNote: Scheduling as proposed in each project is indicative. Primal key is to

satisfy a daily energy requirement by grid operator

• Scheduling• Peak Load. Substitution of peak thermal units down to technical

minimum, or shut down if possible.• Adjustment of guaranteed power in many hours. Equivalent guaranteed

energyNote: Scheduling as proposed in each project is indicative. Primal key is to

satisfy a daily energy requirement by grid operator



•Storage reservoirs and water resources availability• Most projects consist of new reservoirs constructed by the producers• Few projects propose to exploit already existing dams or reservoirs• Most projects provide detailed data for initial fill, losses, and refill• Most projects provide preliminary studies how to cover annual needs in

water (mostly rain drainage and/or drills)

•Storage reservoirs and water resources availability• Most projects consist of new reservoirs constructed by the producers• Few projects propose to exploit already existing dams or reservoirs• Most projects provide detailed data for initial fill, losses, and refill• Most projects provide preliminary studies how to cover annual needs in

water (mostly rain drainage and/or drills)

• Communication and control• Control centers and SCADA systems at Wind parks and hydro plants• Communication with Grid Operator’s LFC

• Communication and control• Control centers and SCADA systems at Wind parks and hydro plants• Communication with Grid Operator’s LFC

Characteristics and design proposals presented by each project are under evaluation. Open issues to be resolved are presented in next slides



Legislative Framework for Hybrid Plants

Central Concepts

Additional criteriaFor hybrid plants

Central Concepts

Additional criteriaFor hybrid plants

Law 3468/2006

• Details for submission of Hybrid plants projects

• Quantification of additional Criteria

• Guide for the technical study

• Details on pricing • Other issues on

evaluation and licensing

• Details for submission of Hybrid plants projects

• Quantification of additional Criteria

• Guide for the technical study

• Details on pricing • Other issues on

evaluation and licensing

Regulation for RES Licensing


Legislative Framework (2)Central Concepts

Guaranteed Capacity.Definition of size, sources mix and how many hours daily

Guaranteed Capacity.Definition of size, sources mix and how many hours daily

11

Pricing for Energy and CapacityPricing for Energy and Capacity22

Storage Size/ Minimum Volume reserved for emergenciesMinimum possible usage of conventional energy for storage

Storage Size/ Minimum Volume reserved for emergenciesMinimum possible usage of conventional energy for storage

33

Sources Availability/ Use conventional power for storageSources Availability/ Use conventional power for storage44

Cooperation of various subsystems/Consistency with gridCooperation of various subsystems/Consistency with grid55


Legislative Framework (3)Additional Criteria for Evaluation

Sufficiency of primal RES, Emergency reserve, Supplemental storage from grid (max 30% annually)

Sufficiency of primal RES, Emergency reserve, Supplemental storage from grid (max 30% annually)

11

Origin of data used in the technical economic analysis.Compatibility with grid operator data

Origin of data used in the technical economic analysis.Compatibility with grid operator data

22

Reduction of conventional generation (min 40% of RES)Effects on other RES plants

Reduction of conventional generation (min 40% of RES)Effects on other RES plants

33

Availability of sources used (water etc) apart from primal RES potential

Availability of sources used (water etc) apart from primal RES potential

44

55

Consistency with grid / Flexibility, control and synchronizationbetween RES/storage/production

Grid Operator’s opinion

Consistency with grid / Flexibility, control and synchronizationbetween RES/storage/production

Grid Operator’s opinion


Issues to be resolved on hybrid Projects

• Quantification of guaranteed hours for hybrid plants. Concept of Guaranteed energy

• Quantification of emergency storage criteria, depending on system condition and contingencies

• Ancillary services requirements and specifications• Penalties for systematic failure to provide guaranteed

capacity• Rules in mixing sources to provide guaranteed power• Tolerance of deviations of pumps when following wind

power volatility• Detailed instructions and templates for the technical

economic analysis.

• Quantification of guaranteed hours for hybrid plants. Concept of Guaranteed energy

• Quantification of emergency storage criteria, depending on system condition and contingencies

• Ancillary services requirements and specifications• Penalties for systematic failure to provide guaranteed

capacity• Rules in mixing sources to provide guaranteed power• Tolerance of deviations of pumps when following wind

power volatility• Detailed instructions and templates for the technical

economic analysis.


• 4 Main technologies– Parabolic Troughs– Solar Tower– Stirling Dish– Fresnel

• Storage– Up to few hours– Salt or steam

• Steam Turbines/Generators• Secondary fuel as supplement

• 4 Main technologies– Parabolic Troughs– Solar Tower– Stirling Dish– Fresnel

• Storage– Up to few hours– Salt or steam

• Steam Turbines/Generators• Secondary fuel as supplement

International Experience on CSPInternational Experience on CSP

Concentrated Solar Thermal Plants


Special Issues in project design

Primal SourcePrimal Source

OptionalStorage

OptionalStorage



• Direct Irradiation. Source allocation and availability (special requirements for the installation area and land).

• Plant design and energy efficiency analysis.

• Technical characteristics of size, preservation capability, charging and discharging rates, losses etc.

• Synchronization of storage to RES availability and to controllable production.

• Use of supplemental power for storage.• Energy management to avoid curtailments.

• Technical characteristics of controllable units. Provision of ancillary services.

• Options for reducing intra-day volatilities.


CRETE273 MW

CRETE273 MW

Rhodes110 MW

Rhodes110 MW

Towertech.

128 MW

Towertech.

128 MW

Projects SubmittedUnder licensing procedure

ParabolicTroughs tech.

255 MW

ParabolicTroughs tech.

255 MW


Characteristics of Submitted Projects under evaluation for licensing

Storage• Some projects have storage to control power for few hours ahead (half

to 4 hours).

Storage• Some projects have storage to control power for few hours ahead (half

to 4 hours).

Usage of supplemental fuel• Plant’s startup procedure.• Smooth ramping, under irradiance volatility (cloudy days).• Storage preservation.

Usage of supplemental fuel• Plant’s startup procedure.• Smooth ramping, under irradiance volatility (cloudy days).• Storage preservation.

Additional information and details on technical issues have beenrequested for many projects.

– Storage availability and capability.– Ability to control of generation.

Additional information and details on technical issues have beenrequested for many projects.

– Storage availability and capability.– Ability to control of generation.




Issues on CSP Projects

• CSP projects submitted are not designed as hybrid plants– No capacity guarantee/No storage documentation/ No tech analysis

• No capacity fee can be applied• Self consumption from grid is allowed for auxiliary loads, not

for storage needs• Open Issue: Use of supplement fuel for storage and operation• Open Issue: Ancillary services requirements and specifications

Since technology provides options for controlling power output, it is recommended to design projects to this concept.

In this way additional grid AS requirements, imposed by CSP, or CSP curtailments can be significantly reduced.

• CSP projects submitted are not designed as hybrid plants– No capacity guarantee/No storage documentation/ No tech analysis

• No capacity fee can be applied• Self consumption from grid is allowed for auxiliary loads, not

for storage needs• Open Issue: Use of supplement fuel for storage and operation• Open Issue: Ancillary services requirements and specifications

Since technology provides options for controlling power output, it is recommended to design projects to this concept.

In this way additional grid AS requirements, imposed by CSP, or CSP curtailments can be significantly reduced.


Future Improvements, Considerations& general issues to be resolved

• RES penetration factor and curtailments. • Scheduling when various technologies are

present together (wind, pv, hybrid, CSP)• Capacity limit analysis for integration of

various technologies and sources in each system– Technologies may be Complementary or

Competitive !!

• Evaluation guide for new RES technologies and Hybrid plants

• RES penetration factor and curtailments. • Scheduling when various technologies are

present together (wind, pv, hybrid, CSP)• Capacity limit analysis for integration of

various technologies and sources in each system– Technologies may be Complementary or

Competitive !!

• Evaluation guide for new RES technologies and Hybrid plants


Legislative FrameworkForthcoming Regulation

Islands’ Grid Operation Code (*)Islands’ Grid Operation Code (*)

Islands’ Power Exchange Code (*)Islands’ Power Exchange Code (*)

PPA Templates (*)PPA Templates (*)(*) Currently: under development by Grid Operator

Next Steps: Final Opinion by RAE, Decision by Ministry

(*) Currently: under development by Grid OperatorNext Steps: Final Opinion by RAE, Decision by Ministry

• Scheduling operations. Daily program, modifications, Scheduling of guaranteed power, etc

• RTD Operations, deviations and ancillary services• Dispatching controllable, non-controllable resources• Security requirements and rules

• Scheduling operations. Daily program, modifications, Scheduling of guaranteed power, etc

• RTD Operations, deviations and ancillary services• Dispatching controllable, non-controllable resources• Security requirements and rules

• Formulas for energy and capacity payments• Penalties• Rules for exchanges

• Formulas for energy and capacity payments• Penalties• Rules for exchanges


Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!

Andrew VlachosElectrical & Computer Eng., Phd

Scientific staff,Non Interconnected Islands Dept.

+30 210 [email protected]

132 Pireos str., 118 54 Athens, Greece

Tel. +30 210 3727400 Fax. +30 210 3727400www.rae.gr - [email protected]


Concepts and GoalsConcepts and Goals

New RES Technologies in non Interconnected Systems

Plant design special issuesPlant design special issuesOperational principlesOperational principles

Design Complexity & special IssuesDesign Complexity & special Issues

Submitted projectsSubmitted projects

Characteristics of submitted projectsCharacteristics of submitted projects

Legislative frameworkLegislative framework

Open issues to be resolvedOpen issues to be resolved

Submitted projectsSubmitted projects

Open issues to be resolvedOpen issues to be resolved

Future improvementsFuture improvements

i n d e xi n d e x


Submitted Projects under evaluation for licensing (3)

• 1 project is under construction • 2 projects are under environmental

evaluation• 5 Projects are under Grid Operators’ opinion

• Rest of projects are under evaluation at RAE– 10 projects are expected to be sent to Grid

Operator by end of year– 5 identical projects with batteries storage

• 1 project is under construction • 2 projects are under environmental

evaluation• 5 Projects are under Grid Operators’ opinion

• Rest of projects are under evaluation at RAE– 10 projects are expected to be sent to Grid

Operator by end of year– 5 identical projects with batteries storage

experience in new res technologies

Documents