expanding your search if you want more items than your search retrieved, there are several ways to...
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Expanding Your Search
If you want more items than your search retrieved, there are several ways to expand
your search strategy.
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Expand by Using Synonyms
flu = influenza car = automobileroad = street = highway germs = bacteriadoctor = physicianlawyer = attorney
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Expand by Using the Boolean Operator OR
• Finds materials that contain at least one word or phrase and sometimes both
• Use OR when you want to BROADEN your topic
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to link all the terms related will findMANY more results.
If you search for:
Ibm OR mac = 31,374 articlesibm OR mac OR pc’s = 31,764 articlesIbm OR mac OR pc’s OR personal computers = 39,481Ibm OR mac OR pc’s OR personal computers OR macintosh = 45,483 articlesIbm OR mac OR pc’s OR personal computers OR macintosh OR “international business machines” = 48,477 articles
(This is more than anybody wants to know about personal computers, but it shows the power of the "OR" operator.)
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Limit by Using the Boolean Operator AND
• Finds materials that contains both words or phrases
• Use AND when you want to NARROW your topic
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Suppose you are looking for information on body
image and how it is influenced by the media.
body image = 1,170 articlesmedia = 90,850 articlesbody image AND media = 87 articles
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Limit by Using the Boolean Operator NOT
• You can use the NOT to exclude specific terms from your search.
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Suppose you are looking for articles on cancer, but you do not want your articles to talk about the diagnosis of cancer.
• Cancer = 88,042 articles
• Cancer NOT diagnosis = 80,589 articles
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REFINING YOUR SEARCH
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Use a Thesaurus
Thesaurus: a verylarge list of exactwords used assubject headings ina database (eachdatabase has its
ownlist of words)
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Expand by Using Wild Cards or Truncation
• Wild cards are symbols that take the place of letters. They may appear either inside a word or at the end.
• The term truncate (to shorten by cutting off) is sometimes used. Each database uses its own wild card symbol.
?
!
$
*
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To use a wildcard will findMANY more results
If you search for:Wom*n = 209,532 articles
Among these are: Woman = 36,952 articles Women = 181,805 articles Womyn = 46 articles
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Diet*
Will find: Diet Diets Dietary Dietitian Dieting
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Limiting Your Search
Most electronic databases have features which help you
to limit your search.