Exotic Species in Illinois

Descriptions for these exotic species in Illinois will be added to the Web page as time allows for their development. A name followed by an asterisk (*) indicates that a description for that species can currently be found on the Web site. This list does not currently name all of the exotic species in the state, but it does show many of them. It will be updated regularly with additional information.

Microbes

viral hemorrhagic septicemia Novirhabdovirus sp.

West Nile virus Flavivirus sp.

Zika virus Flavivirus sp.

Fungi

oak wilt Ceratocystis fagacearum

chestnut blight Cryphonectria parasitica

Dutch elm disease Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Ophiostoma ulmi

late blight Phytophthora infestans

white-nose syndrome Pseudogymnoascus destructans

butternut canker Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum

Plants

okra Abelmoschus esculentus velvet-leaf Abutilon theophrastii Amur maple* Acer ginnala Norway maple Acer platanoides

sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus

common yarrow* Achillea millefolium

Japanese chaff flower Achyranthes japonica

Russian knapweed Acroptilon repens climbing fumitory Adlumia fungosa

jointed goat grass Aegilops cylindrica goutweed Aegopodium podagraria horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum fool’s parsley Aethusa cynapium crested wheat grass Agropyron cristatum wheat grass Agropyron desertorum corn cockle Agrostemma githago Rhode Island bent grass Agrostis capillaris tree-of-heaven* Ailanthus altissima slender hairgrass Aira caryophyllaea Geneva bugleweed Ajuga genevensis carpet bugleweed* Ajuga reptans mimosa Albizia julibrissin hollyhock Alcea rosea garlic mustard* Alliaria petiolata wild leek Allium ampeloprasum atroviolaceum onion Allium cepa spring onion Allium fistulosum leek Allium porrum garlic Allium sativum chives Allium schoenoprasum field garlic Allium vineale black alder Alnus glutinosa meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis

pale alyssum Alyssum alyssoides tumbleweed Amaranthus albus sandhills amaranth Amaranthus arenicola purple amaranth Amaranthus cruentus green pigweed Amaranthus hybridus prince’s feather Amaranthus hypochondriacus careless weed Amaranthus palmeri tall amaranth Amaranthus powellii rough pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus spiny pigweed Amaranthus spinosus sweet sultan Amberboa moschata false ragweed Ambrosia tomentosa broomweed Amphiachyris dracunculoides tarweed Amsinckia lycopsoides fiddleneck Amsinckia spectabilis scarlet pimpernel Anagallis arvensis pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea common alkanet Anchusa officinalis sand bluestem Andropogon hallii dill Anethum graveolens anoda Anoda cristata corn chamomile Anthemis arvensis dog-fennel Anthemis cotula yellow chamomile Anthemis tinctoria

annual sweet grass Anthoxanthum aristatum sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum chervil Anthriscus cerefolium chervil Anthriscus sylvestris common snapdragon Antirrhinum majus garden columbine Aquilegia vulgaris mouse-ear cress Arabidopsis thaliana Japanese angelica tree Aralia elata great burdock Arctium lappa common burdock Arctium minus cotton burdock Arctium tomentosum thyme-leaved sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia white prickly poppy Argemone albiflora Mexican poppy Argemone mexicana horseradish Armoracia rusticana tall oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius southern wormwood Artemisia abrotanum common wormwood Artemisia absinthium annual wormwood Artemisia annua biennial wormwood Artemisia biennis prairie sagebrush Artemisia frigida Roman wormwood Artemisia pontica common mugwort Artemisia vulgaris arum Arum italicum

giant reed Arundo donax showy milkweed Asclepias speciosa asparagus Asparagus officinalis madwort Asperugo procumbens expressway aster Aster subulatus Tartarian aster Aster tataricus field milk vetch Astragalus agrestis silver orach Atriplex argentea smooth orach Atriplex glabriuscula garden orach Atriplex hortensis spear scale Atriplex patula red orach Atriplex rosea wild oats Avena fatua oats Avena sativa black horehound Ballota nigra costmary Balsamita major blue wild indigo Baptisia australis early winter cress Barbarea verna yellow rocket* Barbarea vulgaris blackberry lily* Belamcanda chinensis

English daisy Bellis perennis Japanese barberry* Berberis thunbergii common barberry Berberis vulgaris hoary alyssum Berteroa incana

borage Borago officinalis silver beardgrass Bothriochloa saccharoides rayless aster Brachyactis ciliata Indian mustard Brassica juncea rutabaga Brassica napus black mustard* Brassica nigra cabbage Brassica oleracea field mustard Brassica rapa big quaking grass Briza maxima chess Bromus arvensis rattlesnake chess Bromus briziformis California brome Bromus carinatus rescue grass Bromus catharticus hairy chess Bromus commutatus erect brome grass Bromus erectus soft chess Bromus hordeaceus awnless brome grass Bromus inermis Japanese chess Bromus japonicus brome grass Bromus marginatus chess Bromus racemosus smooth chess Bromus secalinus nodding bromus Bromus squarrosus brome grass Bromus sterilis downy chess Bromus tectorum

paper mulberry* Broussonetia papyrifera ladies’ ear-drops Brunnichia ovata buffalo grass Buchloe dactyloides corn gromwell Buglossoides arvense thoroughwax Buplerum rotundifolium flowering rush Butomus umbellatus feathertop Calamagrostis epigeios reed grass Calamagrostis neglecta poppy mallow Callirhoe digitata poppy mallow Callirhoe involucrata strawberry shrub* Calycanthus floridus toothed evening primrose Calylophus serrulatus Japaenese bindweed Calystegia hederacea small-fruited false flax Camelina microcarpa false flax Camelina sativa clustered bellflower Campanula glomerata European bellflower Campanula rapunculoides Jack bean Canavalia ensiformis marijuana Cannabis sativa shepherd’s-purse Capsella bursa-pastoris pea tree Caragana arborescens hairy spring cress Cardamine hirsuta hoary cress Cardaria draba balloon-vine Cardiospermum halicacabum

plumeless thistle Carduus acanthoides musk thistle* Carduus nutans Nebraska sedge Carex nebrascensis sedge Carex praegracilis spicate sedge Carex spicata needleleaf sedge Carex stenophylla caraway Carum carvi Chinese chestnut Castanea mollissima common catalpa Catalpa bignoniodes round-leaved bittersweet* Celastrus orbiculatus American basket-flower Centaurea americana spotted knapweed* Centaurea biebersteinii purple star thistle Centaurea calcitrapa spreading star thistle Centaurea diffusa brown knapweed Centaurea jacea Tyrolean knapweed Centaurea nigrescens black centaurea Centaurea nigra yellow star thistle Centaurea solstitialis shoey centaury Centaurium pulchellum mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium brachypetalum mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium diffusum mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium dubium clammy mouse-eared chickweed

Cerastium glomeratum mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium pumilum

mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium semidecandrum common mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium fontanum Japanese quince Chaenomeles japonica dwarf snapdragon Chaenorrhinum minus lion’s-tail Chaiturus marrubiastrum garden chamomile Chamaemelum nobile green creeping spurge Chamaesyce prostrata thyme-leaved spurge Chamaesyce serpyllifolia celandine Chelidonium majus lamb’s quarters Chenopodium album Mexican tea Chenopodium ambrosioides good King Henry Chenopodium bonus-henricus Jerusalem oak Chenopodium botrys strawberry blite Chenopodium capitatum oak-leaved goosefoot Chenopodium glaucum nettle-leaved goosefoot Chenopodium murale many-seeded goosefoot Chenopodium polyspermum aromatic goosefoot Chenopodium pumilio coast blite Chenopodium rubrum city goosefoot Chenopodium urbicum finger grass Chloris gayana windmill grass Chloris verticillata blue mustard Chorispora tenella chicory* Cichorium intybus

Canada thistle* Cirsium arvense bull thistle Cirsium vulgare watermelon Citrullus lanatus virgin’s bower Clematis terniflora spider-flower Cleome hassleriana Rocky Mountain bee plant Cleome serrulata wild basil Clinopodium vulgare blessed thistle Cnicus benedictus collomia Collomia linearis common day-flower Commelina communis small day-flower Commelina diffusa poison hemlock Conium maculatum hare’s-ear mustard Conringia orientalis rocket larkspur Consolida ajacis larkspur Consolida regalis lily-of-the-valley Convallaria majalis field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis ashy bindweed Convolvulus incanus Coreopsis Coreopsis basalis large-flowered coreopsis Coreopsis grandiflora golden coreopsis Coreopsis tinctoria coriander Coriandrum sativum wart cress Coronopus didymus common cosmos Cosmos bipinnatus

yellow cosmos Cosmos sulphureus English hawthorn Crataegus monogyna hawksbeard Crepis capillaris narrow-leaved hawksbeard Crepis tectorum showy rattlebox Crotalaria spectabilis Lindheimer’s croton Croton lindheimerianus Texas croton Croton texensis Crypsis Crypsis schoenoides cucumber Cucumis sativus Missouri gourd Cucurbita foetidissima pear gourd Cucurbita pepo ovifera common quince Cydonia oblonga Kenilworth ivy Cymbalaria muralis Bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon common hound’s-tongue Cynoglossum officinale compressed flatsedge Cyperus compressus flatsedge Cyperus filicinus rice-field flatsedge Cyperus iria reflexed flatsedge Cyperus retrorsus orchard grass* Dactylis glomerata foxtail Dalea Dalea leporina purple jimsonweed Datura stramonium hairy jimsonweed Datura wrightii Queen Anne’s lace* Daucus carota

small wild carrot Daucus pusillus tansy mustard Descurainia pinnata brachycarpa flixweed Descurainia sophia pride-of-Rochester Deutzia scabra Deptford pink* Dianthus armeria sweet William Dianthus barbatus maiden pink Dianthus deltoides staggerweed Dicentra eximia ciliate crabgrass Digitaria ciliaris smooth crabgrass Digitaria ischaemum common crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis Chinese yam* Dioscorea oppositifolia wall rocket Diplotaxis muralis sand rocket Diplotaxis tenuifolia common teasel* Dipsacus fullonum cut-leaved teasel* Dipsacus laciniatus salt grass Distichlis spicata American dragonhead Dracocephalum parviflorum annual black-eyed Susan Dracopis amplexicaulis male fern Dryopteris filix-mas Indian strawberry Duchesnea indica fetid marigold Dyssodia papposa jungle rice Echinochloa colonum barnyard grass Echinochloa crus-galli

globe thistle Echinops sphaerocephalus viper’s bugloss Echium vulgare giant waterweed Egeria densa

water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes

Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia long-stalked oleaster Elaeagnus multiflora autumn olive* Elaeagnus umbellata small spikerush Eleocharis parvula goose grass Eleusine indica Macoun’s wild rye Elyhordium x macounii squirrel-tail grass Elymus longifolius western wheat grass Elytrigia dasystachya quack grass Elytrigia repens hairy willow herb Epilobium hirsutum helleborine Epipactis helleborine stinking love grass Eragrostis cilianensis weeping love grass Eragrostis curvula western love grass Eragrostis diffusa love grass Eragrostis minor love grass Eragrostis neomexicana love grass Eragrostis pilosa winter aconite Eranthis hyemalis Ravenna grass Erianthus ravennae cup grass Eriochloa acuminata

prairie cup grass Eriochloa contracta cup grass Eriochloa villosa vernal Whitlow-grass Eriophila verna storksbill Erodium cicutarium garden rocket Eruca vesicaria dog mustard Erucastrum gallicum wormseed mustard Erysimum cheiranthoides small wormseed mustard Erysimum inconspicuum treacle mustard Erysimum repandum California poppy Eschscholtzia californica winged Euonymus* Euonymus alatus European spindle tree Euonymus europaeus wintercreeper* Euonymus fortunei climbing Euonymus Euonymus kiautschovicus cypress spurge Euphorbia cyparissias leafy spurge Euphorbia esula wart spurge Euphorbia helioscopia spurge Euphorbia hexagona caper spurge Euphorbia lathyris snow-on-the-mountain Euphorbia marginata petty spurge Euphorbia peplus Ozark morning-glory Evolvulus nuttallianus buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum sickleweed Falcaria vulgaris

black bindweed Fallopia convolvulus tall fescue Festuca arundinacea slender fescue Festuca filiformis meadow fescue Festuca pratensis red fescue Festuca rubra sheep fescue Festuca trachyphylla queen-of-the-meadow Filipendula ulmaria fennel Foeniculum vulgare strawberry Fragaria vesca cultivated strawberry Fragaria x ananassa glossy buckthorn* Frangula alnus cottonweed Froelichia gracilis umbrella grass Fuirena scirpoides fumitory Fumaria officinalis Gaillardia Gaillardia aristata blanket-flower Gaillardia pulchella red hemp nettle Galeopsis ladanum common hemp nettle Galeopsis tetrahit Peruvian daisy Galinsoga parviflora Peruvian daisy Galinsoga quadrisulcata white bedstraw Galium mollugo yellow-flowered bedstraw Galium pedemontanum yellow bedstraw Galium verum small-flowered Gaura Gaura parviflora

gentian Gentiana septemfida purple cranesbill Geranium disectum small cranesbill Geranium pusillum geranium Geranium sanguineum Siberian cranesbill Geranium sibiricum Gilia Gilia capitata scarlet Gladiolus Gladiolus x colvillei Peruvian vervain Glandularia peruviana gill-over-the-ground* Glechoma hederacea soybean Glycine max wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota low cudweed Gnaphalium uliginosum cotton Gossypium hirsutum Spanish gold Grindelia ciliata gumweed Grindelia squarrosa snakeweed Gutierrezia texana baby’s breath Gypsophila elegans baby’s breath Gypsophila paniculata baby’s breath Gypsophila scorzonerifolia English ivy* Hedera helix common sunflower Helianthus annuus ciliate sunflower Helianthus ciliaris Maximilian’s sunflower Helianthus maximilianii ptioled sunflower Helianthus petiolaris

willow-leaved sunflower Helianthus salicifolius seaside heliotrope Heliotropium curassavicum European heliotrope Heliotropium europaeum Indian heliotrope Heliotropium indicum green hellebore Helleborus viridis orange day lily* Hemerocallis fulva yellow day lily Hemerocallis lilio-asphodelus purple rocket* Hesperis matronalis needle grass Heterostipa comata rose-of-Sharon Hibiscus syriacus flower-of-an-hour Hibiscus trionum orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum king devil Hieracium caespitosum golden lungwort Hieracium murorum velvet grass Holcus lanatus jagged chickweed Holosteum umbellatum meadow barley Hordeum brachyantherum Mediterranean barley Hordeum geniculatum squirrel-tail grass Hordeum jubatum common barley Hordeum vulgare plantain lily Hosta lancifolia Japanese hops Humulus japonicus black henbane Hyoscyamus niger common St. Johns-wort* Hypericum perforatum

smooth cat’s-ear Hypochaeris glabra rough cat’s-ear Hypochaeris radicata American holly Ilex opaca elecampane Inula helenium red morning-glory Ipomoea coccinea ivy-leaved morning-glory Ipomoea hederacea common morning-glory Ipomoea purpurea standing cypress Ipomopsis rubra yellow iris Iris flavescens bearded iris Iris x germanica yellow iris* Iris pseudacorus dwarf iris Iris pumila Dyer’s woad Isatis tinctoria Burweed marsh elder Iva xanthifolia Jacquemontia Jacquemontia tamnifolia black grass Juncus gerardii Kallstroemia Kallstroemia parviflora yellow rose Kerria japonica canker-root Kickxia elatine bluebuttons Knautia arvensis Kochia Kochia scoparia golden-rain tree Koelreuteria paniculata Korean bush clover Kummerowia stipulacea Japanese bush clover Kummerowia striata

showy blue lettuce Lactuca pulchella willow lettuce Lactuca saligna garden lettuce Lactuca sativa prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola gourd Lagenaria siceraria henbit Lamium amplexicaule spotted dead nettle Lamium maculatum purple dead nettle Lamium purpureum western stickseed Lappula occidentalis two-ray stickseed Lappula squarrosa nipplewort Lapsana communis European larch Larix laricina vetchling Lathyrus hirsutus everlasting pea Lathyrus latifolius sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus yellow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis tuberous vetchling Lathyrus tuberosus fall dandelion Leontodon autumnalis hawkbit Leontodon taraxicoides motherwort Leonurus cardiaca field pepper-grass Lepidium campestre small pepper-grass Lepidium densiflorum perfoliate pepper-grass Lepidium perfoliatum stinking pepper-grass Lepidium ruderale

garden pepper-grass Lepidium sativum salt meadow grass Leptochloa acuminata one-nerved sprangletop Leptochloa uninervia bicolor Lespedeza Lespedeza bicolor sericea Lespedeza * Lespedeza cuneata Asian bush clover Lespedeza daurica tall bush clover Lespedeza thunbergii slender bladderpod Lesquerella gracilis ox-eye daisy* Leucanthemum vulgare summer snowflake Leucojum aestivum beach rye Leymus arenarius dotted blazing-star Liatris punctata blunt-leaved privet Ligustrum obtusifolium common privet* Ligustrum vulgare tiger lily Lilium lancifolium tansy dogshade Limnosciadium pinnatum toadflax Linaria genistifolia dalmatica butter-and-eggs Linaria vulgaris flax Linum perenne common flax Linum usitatissimum grass-leaved lily Liriope spicatum common gromwell Lithospermum officinale sweet alyssum Lobularia maritima Italian rye grass Lolium multiflorum

English rye grass Lolium perenne Japanese honeysuckle* Lonicera japonica Amur honeysuckle* Lonicera maackii Morrow’s honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii Manchurian honeysuckle Lonicera ruprechtiana trumpet honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens Standish’s honeysuckle Lonicera standishii Tartarian honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica showy fly honeysuckle Lonicera x bella gold flame honeysuckle Lonicera x heckrotti

small-flowered fly honeysuckle Lonicera x minutiflora common fly honeysuckle Lonicera x muendeniensis bush honeysuckle Lonicera x muscaviensis honeysuckle Lonicera x notha

honeysuckle Lonicera x xylosteoides European fly honeysuckle Lonicera xylosteum bird’s-foot trefoil* Lotus corniculatus deer vetch Lotus unifoliolatus vegetable sponge Luffa cylindrica silver-dollar plant Lunaria annua mullein pink Lychnis coronaria common matrimony vine Lycium barbarum Chinese matrimony vine Lycium chinense tomato Lycopersicon esculentum

rough water horehound Lycopus asper water horehound Lycopus europaeus surprise lily Lycoris radiata white loosestrife* Lysimachia clethroides moneywort Lysimachia nummularia dotted loosestrife Lysimachia punctata loosestrife Lysimachia vulgaris purple loosestrife* Lythrum salicaria plume poppy Macleaya cordata Osage orange* Maclura pomifera apple Malus pumila Soulard crab apple Malus x soulardii musk mallow Malva moschata common mallow Malva neglecta mallow Malva rotundifolia high mallow Malva sylvestris curly mallow Malva verticillata crispa common horehound Marrubium vulgare water-clover* Marsilea quadrifolia pineapple-weed Matricaria discoidea chamomile Matricaria recutita stocks Matthiola incana mazus Mazus pumilus spotted medic Medicago arabica

yellow lucerne Medicago falcata black medic Medicago lupulina round medic Medicago orbicularis alfalfa Medicago sativa white sweet clover* Melilotus albus tall yellow sweet clover Melilotus altissimus yellow sweet clover* Melilotus officinalis balm Melissa officinalis chocolate-weed Melochia corchorifolia curly mint Mentha crispa spearmint Mentha spicata lemon mint Mentha x citrata little-leaved mint Mentha x gentilis peppermint Mentha x piperita apple mint Mentha x rotundifolia foxtail mint Mentha x villosa blazing-star Mentzelia decapetala lblazing-star Mentzelia nuda natal grass Microstegium vimineum

Microsteris Microsteris gracilis white wild four-o-clock Mirabilis albida garden four-o’clock Mirabilis jalapa linear-leaved four-o-clock Mirabilis linearis wild four-o’clock Mirabilis nyctaginea

plume grass Miscanthus sacchariflorus eulalia Miscanthus sinensis lesser snapdragon Misopates orontium carpetweed Mollugo verticillata lemon mint Monarda citriodora Oswego tea Monarda didyma Poverty weed Monolepis nuttalliana white mulberry Morus alba scratch grass Muhlenbergia asperifolia heavenly blue Muscari armeniacum grape hyacinth Muscari botryoides grape hyacinth Muscari comosum blue bottles Muscari racemosum common forget-me-not* Myosotis scorpoides small-flowered forget-me-not Myosotis stricta garden forget-me-not Myosotis sylvatica giant chickweed Myosoton aquaticum Amazon water milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum naiad Najas marina naiad Najas minor

poet’s Narcissus Narcissus poeticus daffodil Narcissus pseudo-narcissus barkworth Nassella viridula water cress Nasturtium officinale

catnip* Nepeta cataria ball mustard Neslia paniculata apple-of-Peru Nicandra physalodes long-flowered tobacco Nicotiana longiflora wild tobacco Nicotiana rustica love-in-a-mist Nigella damascena yellow floating heart Nymphoides peltata basil Ocimum basilicum Missouri evening primrose Oenothera macrocarpa white evening primrose Oenothera nuttallii small-flowered evening primrose

Oenothera parviflora showy evening primrose Oenothera speciosa stemless evening primrose Oenothera triloba sainfoin Onobrychis viciifolia rest harrow Ononis campestris Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium Star-of-Bethlehem Ornithogalum nutans star-of-Bethlehem Ornithogalum umbellatum broomrape Orobanche ramosa creeping wood sorrel Oxalis corniculata sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum broomcorn millet Panicum miliaceum poppy Papaver dubium corn poppy Papaver rhoeas

opium poppy Papaver somniferum Santa Maria Parthenium hysterophorus Boston ivy Parthenocissus tricuspidata Dallis grass Paspalum dilatatum parsnip* Pastinaca sativa princess tree* Paulownia tomentosa silvery-leaved scurf-pea Pediomelum argophyllum fountain grass Pennisetum alopecuroides large beardstongue Penstemon cobaea slender beardstongue Penstemon gracilis wisconsinenis beefsteak plant Perilla frutescens creeping smartweed Persicaria cespitosa water pepper Persicaria hydropiper prince’s-feather Persicaria orientalis rough smartweed Persicaria scabra lady’s thumb-print Persicaria vulgaris sweet coltsfoot Petasites hybridus saxifrage pink Petrorhagia saxifraga white petunia Petunia axillaris violet petunia Petunia violacea garden petunia Petunia x hybrida reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea

canary grass Phalaris canariensis

Amur cork tree* Phellodendron amurense

sweet mock orange Philadelphus coronarius

scentless mock orange Philadelphus inodorus downy mock orange Philadelphus pubescens timothy * Phleum pratense moss-pink Phlox subulata reed* Phragmites australis hoary fog-fruit Phyla cuneifolia leaf-flower Phyllanthus urinaria Chinese lantern Physalis alkekengi ground cherry Physalis angulata ground cherry Physalis barbadensis narrow-leaved ground cherry Physalis lanceolata ground cherry Physalis longifolia large-fruited ground cherry Physalis macrophysa ground cherry Physalis pendula tomatillo Physalis philadelphica black spruce Picea mariana bristly ox-tongue Picris echioides cat’s-ear Picris hieracioides Jack pine Pinus banksiana shortleaf pine Pinus echinata Austrian pine Pinus nigra table mountain pine Pinus pungens red pine Pinus resinosa

pitch pine Pinus rigida Scots pine* Pinus sylvestris loblolly pine* Pinus taeda Virginia pine Pinus virginiana garden pea Pisum sativum bristly Plagiobothrys Plagiobothrys hirtus figuratus small plantain Plantago heterophylla buckhorn plantain* Plantago lanceolata common plantain Plantago major hoary plantain Plantago media salt-and-pepper plant Plantago patagonica whorled plantain Plantago psyllium red-seeded plantain Plantago rhodosperma salt marsh fleabane Pluchea odorata succulenta annual blue grass Poa annua Texas blue grass Poa arachnifera plains blue grass Poa arida bulbous blue grass Poa bulbosa Canadia blue grass Poa compressa woodland blue grass Poa nemoralis Kentucky blue grass Poa pratensis meadow blue grass Poa trivialis Polycnemum Polycnemum majus knotweed Polygonum arenastrum

knotweed Polygonum neglectum white poplar Populus alba black poplar Populus nigra nigra Lombardy poplar Populus nigra italic gray poplar Populus x canescens balm-of-Gilead Populus x gileadensis rose moss Portulaca grandiflora common purslane Portulaca oleracea curly pondweed Potamogeton crispus silvery cinquefoil Potentilla argentea gray cinquefoil Potentilla inclinata intermediate cinquefoil Potentilla intermedia sulfur cinquefoil* Potentilla recta creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans brook cinquefoil Potentilla rivalis proboscis-flower Proboscidea louisianica self-heal Prunella vulgaris apricot Prunus armeniaca sweet cherry Prunus avium pie cherry Prunus cerasus Mahaleb cherry Prunus mahaleb European bird cherry Prunus padus peach Prunus persica alkali grass Puccinellia distans

kudzu-vine* Pueraria lobata ornamental pear Pyrus calleryana pear Pyrus communis Chinese pear Pyrus pyrifolia tall buttercup Ranunculus acris spiny-fruited buttercup Ranunculus arvensis bulbous buttercup Ranunculus bulbosus lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria small-flowered buttercup Ranunculus parviflorus creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens buttercup Ranunculus sardous wild radish Raphanus raphanistrum radish Raphanus sativus long-headed coneflower Ratibida columnifera blowout grass Redfieldia flexuosa Japanese wisteria Rehsonia floribunda Chinese wisteria Rehsonia sinensis Japanese knotweed* Reynoutria japonica giant knotweed Reynoutria sachalinensis white mignonette Reseda alba common buckthorn* Rhamnus cathartica Dahurian buckthorn Rhamnus davurica Japanese buckthorn Rhamnus japonica

Chinese buckthorn Rhamnus utilis

rhubarb Rheum rhaponticum jetbead * Rhodotypos scandens black currant Ribes nigrum buffalo currant Ribes odoratum red currant Ribes rubrum castor bean Ricinus communis bristly locust Robinia hispida black locust* Robinia pseudoacacia clammy locust Robinia viscosa creeping yellow cress Rorippa sylvestris dog rose Rosa canina sweet-brier Rosa eglanteria French rose Rosa gallica small sweet-brier Rosa micrantha musk rose Rosa moschata multiflora rose* Rosa multiflora red-leaved rose Rosa rubrifolia rugose rose Rosa rugosa Scotch rose Rosa spinosissima Himalaya-berry Rubus discolor cultivated raspberry Rubus idaeus evergreen blackberry Rubus laciniatus purple-flowering raspberry Rubus odoratus wineberry Rubus phoenicolasius

large black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia grandiflora sour dock Rumex acetosella curly dock* Rumex crispus crested dock Rumex cristatus dock Rumex longifolius bitter dock Rumex obtusifolius patience dock Rumex patientia common rue Ruta graveolens samphire Salicornia europaea white willow Salix alba goat willow Salix caprea crack willow Salix fragilis bay-leaved willow Salix pentandra purple osier Salix pupurea saltwort Salsola collina Russian thistle Salsola tragus blue sage Salvia azurea wild sage Salvia nemorosa meadow sage Salvia pratensis Rocky Mountain sage Salvia reflexa sage Salvia verticillata garden burnet Sanguisorba minor creeping zinnia Sanvitalia procumbens bouncing Bet* Saponaria officinalis

summer savory Satureja hortensis mucronate bulrush Schoenoplectus mucronatus squill Scilla sibirica knawel Scleranthus annuus rye Secale cereale crown vetch* Securigera varia mossy stonecrop Sedum acre rock stonecrop Sedum reflexum yellow stonecrop Sedum sarmentosum live-forever Sedum telephium garden orpine Sedum x erythrostictum stinking Willie Senecio jacobaea sticky groundsel Senecio viscosus common groundsel Senecio vulgaris coffee senna Senna occidentalis giant foxtail Setaria faberi yellow foxtail Setaria glauca Italian millet Setaria italica bristly foxtail Setaria verticillata green foxtail Setaria viridis field madder Sherardia arvensis prickly sida Sida spinosa sweet william catchfly Silene armeria glaucous campion Silene cserei

forked catchfly Silene dichotoma red campion Silene dioica night-flowering catchfly Silene noctiflora white campion Silene pratensis bladder campion* Silene vulgaris rosinweed Silphium speciosum tumble mustard Sisymbrium altissimum hedge mustard Sisymbrium loeselii hedge mustard* Sisymbrium officinale Torrey’s horse-nettle Solanum dimidiatum bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara silvery horse-nettle Solanum elaeagnifolium nightshade Solanum heterodoxum novomexicanum buffalo-bur Solanum rostratum hairy nightshade Solanum sarachoides cut-leaved nightshade Solanum triflorum potato Solanum tuberosum seaside goldenrod Solidago sempervirens field sow thistle Sonchus arvensis spiny sow thistle Sonchus asper common sow thistle Sonchus oleraceus European mountain ash Sorbus aucuparia Sorghum Sorghum bicolor Johnson grass* Sorghum halepense

Sudan grass Sorghum sudanense Columbus grass Sorghum x almum corn spurrey Spergula arvensis sand spurrey Spergularia media pink sand spurrey Spergularia rubra spiraea Spiraea japonica meadow-sweet Spiraea latifolia bridal-wreath Spiraea prunifolia common stichwort Stellaria graminea common chickweed Stellaria media sea blite Suaeda calceoliformis snowberry Symphoricarpos albus laevigatus common comfrey Symphytum officinale white mustard Synapis alba charlock Synapis arvensis common lilac Syringa vulgaris tamarisk Tamarix parviflora feverfew Tanacetum parthenium golden buttons* Tanacetum vulgare red-seeded dandelion Taraxacum erythrospermum common dandelion* Taraxacum officinale green thread Thelesperma megapotamicum penny cress Thlaspi arvense perfoliate penny cress Thlaspi perfoliatum

sparrow weed Thymelaea annua thyme Thymus praecox Tidestromia Tidestromia lanuginosa hedge parsley Torilis arvensis

hedge parsley* Torilis japonica poison oak Toxicodendron pubsecens sand goat’s-beard* Tragopogon dubius salsify* Tragopogon porrifolius common goat’s-beard* Tragopogon pratensis puncture-weed Tribulus terrestris sour grass Trichachne insularis rabbit-foot clover Trifolium arvense yellow hop clover Trifolium aureum low hop clover Trifolium campestre little hop clover Trifolium dubium strawberry clover Trifolium fragiferum alsike clover* Trifolium hybridum crimson clover Trifolium incarnatum red clover* Trifolium pratense white clover Trifolium repens Persian clover Trifolium resupinatum scentless chamomile Tripleurospermum perforatum wheat Triticum aestivum coltsfoot Tussilago farfara

southern cat-tail Typha domingensis English elm Ulmus procera Siberian elm* Ulmus pumila burning nettle Urtica urens cow herb Vaccaria hispanica garden heliotrope Valeriana officinalis corn salad Valerianella locusta moth mullein Verbascum blattaria clasping mullein Verbascum phlomoides mullein Verbascum speciosum woolly mullein* Verbascum thapsus mullein Verbascum virgatum golden crownbeard Verbesina encelioides corn speedwell Veronica arvensis speedwell Veronica biloba speedwell Veronica chamaedrys ivy-leaved speedwell Veronica hederaefolia garden speedwell Veronica longifolia common speedwell Veronica officinalis bird’s-eye speedwell Veronica persica speedwell Veronica polita thyme-leaved speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana European high-bush cranberry Viburnum opulus

cow vetch* Vicia cracca hairy-fruited vetch Vicia dasycarpa common vetch Vicia sativa winter vetch* Vicia villosa cow pea Vigna unguiculata large periwinkle Vinca major common periwinkle* Vinca minor black swallow-wort Vincetoxicum nigrum wild pansy Viola arvensis sweet violet Viola odorata Johnny-jump-up Viola rafinesquii wild pansy Viola tricolor pansy Viola x wittrockiana Labruscan grape Vitis labruscana bromelike fescue Vulpia bromoides foxtail fescue Vulpia myuros spiny cocklebur Xanthium spinosum yucca Yucca smalliana corn Zea mays southern wild rice Zizaniopsis miliacea Zoysia Zoysia japonica

Animals

Invertebrates

Coelenterates – Hydrozoans

freshwater hydroid Cordylophora caspia

freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbyi

Mollusks

faucet snail Bithynia tentaculata

Chinese mystery snail Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata

Asian clam* Corbicula fluminea

zebra mussel* Dreissena polymorpha

quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis

New Zealand mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum

Crustaceans

a scud Apocorophium lacustre

Japanese fishlouse Argulus japonicas

a water flea Bosmina coregoni

spiny water flea* Bythotrephes longimanus

fishhook waterflea Cercopagis pengoi

a waterflea Daphnia lumholtzi

a scud Echinogammarus ischnus

a copepod Eurytemora affinis

an amphipod Gammarus tigrinus

bloody red shrimp Hemimysis anomala

rusty crayfish* Orconectes rusticus

red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii

a shrimp Taphromysis louisianae

Worms

southern worm* Aporrectodea trapezoides

nightcrawler* Lumbricus terrestris

woodland white worm* Octolasion tyrtaeum

Insects

eastern spruce gall Adelges abietis

emerald ash borer* Agrilus planipennis

peach twig borer Anarsia lineatella

soybean aphid Aphis glycines

honey bee* Apis mellifera

golden oak scale Asterolecanium variolosum

pear sawfly Caliroa cerasi

maple petiole borer Caulocampus acericaulis

larch casebearer Coleophora laricella

poplar and willow borer Cryptorhynchus lapathi

Asiatic oak weevil Cyrtepistomus castaneus

San Jose scale Diaspidiotus perniciosus

introduced pine sawfly Diprion similis

linden aphid Eucallipterus tiliae

elm leafminer Fenusa ulmi

gypsy moth Lymantria dispar

brown marmorated stinkbug Halyomorpha halys

mimosa webworm Homadaula anisocentra

oystershell scale Lepidosaphes ulmi

European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer

elm flea weevil Orchestes alni

Norway maple aphid Periphyllus lyropictus

woolly beech aphid Phyllaphis fagi

imported willow leaf beetle Plagiodera versicolora

Japanese beetle* Popillia japonica

larch sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii

mountain ash sawfly Pristiphora geniculata

European pine shoot moth Rhyacionia buoliana

European elm bark beetle Scolytus multistriatus

banded elm bark beetle Scolytus schevyrewi

pear thrips Taeniothrips inconsequens

Chinese mantis Tenodera aridifolia

introduced basswood thrips Thrips calcaratus

pine shoot beetle Tomicus piniperda

poplar sawfly Trichiocampus viminalis

elm leafbeetle Xanthogaleruca luteola

Vertebrates

Fishes

alewife Alosa pseudoharengus

goldfish* Carassius auratus

grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

common carp* Cyprinus carpio

tiger muskie Esox lucius x Esox masquinongy

muskellunge* Esox masquinongy

threespine stickleback* Gasterosteus aculeatus

Rio Grande cichlid Herichthys cyanoguttatus

silver carp* Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

hybrid silver/bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix x nobilis

bighead carp* Hypophthalmichthys nobilis

Oriental weatherfish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

striped bass* Morone saxatilis

black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus

round goby Neogobius melanostomus

coho salmon* Oncorhynchus kisutch

rainbow trout* Oncorhynchus mykiss

Chinook salmon* Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax

sea lamprey* Petromyzon marinus

pirapatinga Piaractus brachypomus

brown trout* Salmo trutta

brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis

lake trout Salvelinus namaycush

Reptiles

eastern collared lizard Crotaphytus collaris

Mediterranean gecko Hemidactylus turcicus

Birds

cattle egret* Bubulcus ibis

rock pigeon* Columba livia

mute swan* Cygnus olor

house finch* Haemorhous mexicanus

monk parakeet Myiopsitta monachus

house sparrow* Passer domesticus

Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus

gray partridge Perdix perdix

ring-necked pheasant* Phasianus colchicus

Eurasian collared-dove Streptopelia decaocto

European starling* Sturnus vulgaris

Mammals

feral dogs Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris

nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus

feral house cats Felis catus

house mouse* Mus musculus

brown rat* Rattus norvegicus

western harvest mouse Reithrodontomys megalotis

feral hogs Sus scrofa