exit level science administered april 2009 · 2019. 11. 16. · b marine c grassland d rain forest...
TRANSCRIPT
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Texas Assessmentof Knowledge and Skills
EXIT LEVELSCIENCE
Administered April 2009
Copyright © 2009, Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. Reproduction of all or portions of this work is prohibitedwithout express written permission from the Texas Education Agency.
STUDENT NAME
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SCIENCE
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Density =
( ) = ( )( )( )Speed =
Acceleration =
Momentum = mass × velocity
Force = mass × acceleration
Work = force × distance
Power =
% efficiency = × 100
Kinetic energy = (mass × velocity 2)
Gravitational potential energy = mass × acceleration due to gravity × height
Energy = mass × (speed of light) 2
Velocity of a wave = frequency × wavelength
Current =
Electrical power = voltage × current
Electrical energy = power × time
voltageresistance
12
work outputwork input
worktime
final velocity − initial velocitychange in time
distance traveledtime
specificheat
change intemperaturemass
heat gained or lost
massvolume
FORMULA CHART
Constants/Conversions
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s 2
c = speed of light = 3 × 10 8 m/s
speed of sound = 343 m/s at sea level and 20°C
1 cm 3 = 1 mL
1 wave cycle/second = 1 hertz (Hz)
1 calorie (cal) = 4.18 joules
1000 calories (cal) = 1 Calorie (Cal) = 1 kilocalorie (kcal)
newton (N) = kgm/s 2
joule (J) = Nm
watt (W) = J/s = Nm/s
volt (V) ampere (A) ohm (Ω)
D =
Q = (m)(ΔT)(Cp)
v =
a =
p = mv
F = ma
W = Fd
P =
% = × 100
KE =
PE = mgh
E = mc 2
v = f λ
I =
P = VI
E = Pt
VR
mv 2
2
WO
WI
Wt
vf − vi
Δt
dt
mv
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DIRECTIONSRead each question and choose the best answer. Then fill in the correct answer on your answerdocument.
SAMPLE A
When a 10% hydrochloric acid solution isheated in an open test tube, the test tubeshould always be pointed —
A so bubbles are visible
B at a 180° angle from the flame
C toward a ventilated area
D away from nearby people
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SAMPLE B
Mass = 40 g
Volume = 20 mL
The picture shows a cube that contains 20 mL of a solution. The solution has a mass of 40 grams. What isthe density in g/mL of this solution? Record and bubble in your answer on the answer document.
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3 Which of the following describes a trend in thedata shown in the graph above?
A The solubility of all the salts increases astemperature increases.
B As temperature increases from 30°C to60°C, the solubility of KNO3 increasesmore than that of KCl.
C An increase in atmospheric pressurecauses an increase in the solubility of KCl.
D Increasing the temperature of a KNO3solution from 30°C to 60°C decreases thesolubility of KNO3 by half.
120
140
100
80
60
40
20
20 40
Sol
ubili
ty(g
/100
mL
wat
er)
KCl
Solubility vs. Temperature
60 80 1000
KNO3
Na2SO4
Temperature of Solution(°C)
2 Which of the following describes adisadvantage of using solar cells as an energysource?
F Solar cells generate large quantities ofwaste.
G Solar cells can be used to charge batteries.
H Solar cells release gaseous by-products.
J Solar cells are dependent on availablesunlight.
1 Which system in a fish allows maximumoxygen intake through contact between thefish and its environment?
A Respiratory system
B Endocrine system
C Reproductive system
D Excretory system
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5 Some plants have a hard waxy coating ontheir leaves that helps prevent water loss. Inwhich environment do these plants most likelygrow?
A Desert
B Marine
C Grassland
D Rain forest
4 The diagram shows light being refracted.Which tool should be used to measure theangle at which the light is bending?
F Ruler
G Compass
H Protractor
J Thermometer
Air
Glass
Air
Lightray
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6 A mutation has occurred in an mRNA fragment that was originally CUU. Which of the followingmutated mRNA fragments would result in an amino acid sequence different from that produced by theCUU fragment?
F CUC
G CUA
H CUG
J CAU
UCAG
U
UCAG
C
UCAG
A
UCAG
G
Second Base
mRNA Codons and Corresponding Amino Acids
Firs
t Bas
eT
hird Base
UUUUUCUUAUUG
UGUUGCUGAUGG
UCUUCCUCAUCG
UAUUACUAAUAG
CUUCUCCUACUG
AUUAUCAUAAUG
CGUCGCCGACGG
CCUCCCCCACCG
CAUCACCAACAG
Phenylalanine
LeucineSerine
U
Tyrosine
STOP
Cysteine
TryptophanSTOP
Isoleucine
Methionine
Leucine
GUUGUCGUAGUG
Valine
ProlineHistidine
Glutamine
ACUACCACAACG
GCUGCCGCAGCG
AAUAACAAAAAG
Threonine
Alanine
Asparagine
Lysine
GAUGACGAAGAG
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
AGUAGCAGAAGG
Serine
Arginine
Arginine
GGUGGCGGAGGG
Glycine
C A G
CodonAminoacid
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8 An athlete sitting in a wheelchair at restthrows a basketball forward. Since the athleteand the wheelchair have greater mass thanthe basketball has, the athlete and thewheelchair will —
F move backward at a lower speed than thebasketball moves forward
G travel the same distance as the basketballbut in the opposite direction
H move backward at a higher speed than thebasketball moves forward
J have the same forward momentum as thebasketball
7 In which plant group does this plant belong?
A Bryophytes
B Psilophytes
C Gymnosperms
D Angiosperms
Plant Group Characteristics
Bryophytes
Psilophytes
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Contain no xylem and phloem;reproduce by spores and gametes
Contain xylem and phloem;no difference between root and stem
Have naked seeds located onthe cones
Have enclosed seeds locatedin a fruit
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11 A student uses a hot plate, a thermometer,and a stopwatch to investigate the rate atwhich a metal object conducts heat. To ensurethe most reliable results, which of thefollowing should the student do?
A Perform a second investigation usingdifferent tools
B Use several thermometers to measuretemperature
C Develop a hypothesis before starting theinvestigation
D Repeat the entire investigation severaltimes
10 A sample liquid is cooled from 150°C to 30°C,causing the liquid to change into a solid.Which of the following has occurred?
F Chemical composition has changed.
G A physical change has occurred.
H A new compound has formed.
J Evaporation of a solvent has occurred.
9 A group of researchers discovered the fossilized remains of a flying mammal that appears to have lived130 million to 165 million years ago. Since the earliest flying birds are believed to have appeared about150 million years ago, researchers concluded that birds and mammals began to fly at about the sametime. This conclusion would be most weakened by evidence of which of the following?
A A 100-million-year-old fossil of a flying bird
B A 120-million-year-old fossil of a flying bird
C A 160-million-year-old fossil of a flying mammal
D A 200-million-year-old fossil of a flying mammal
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13 A solution having an equal number of H+ ionsand OH– ions will have a pH of —
A 3
B 7
C 9
D 11
12 The table above shows symptoms experiencedby four patients. Which of these patients mostlikely has a problem with the excretorysystem?
F Patient 1
G Patient 2
H Patient 3
J Patient 4
Symptoms of Four Patients
Patient Symptom
1
2
3
4
Decrease in urine output
Decrease in metabolic rate
Decrease in muscle strength
Decrease in blood pressure
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14 Which information would best help scientists verify the relationships among the organisms shownabove?
F The organisms’ nutritional requirements
G The organisms’ DNA sequences
H The organisms’ migratory patterns
J The organisms’ population sizes
Tree of Some Evolutionary Relationships
Tim
e
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16 A female spring peeper frog produces 200 eggsthrough parthenogenesis. If all the eggs hatch,they will produce —
F 50 females and 150 males
G 100 females and 100 males
H 150 females and 50 males
J 200 females and 0 males
Parthenogenesis: a type of asexual reproductionin which an organism is produced from anunfertilized egg
15 A circle graph would best help a studentcommunicate a conclusion about aninvestigation involving —
A the proportions by mass of three metals inan alloy
B the amounts of heat released by threechemical reactions
C the amounts of force required toaccelerate three different masses
D the electrical conductivity of three saltsolutions
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Use the information below and your knowledge of science to answer questions 17–20.
Fireworks
Fireworks displays are often associated with celebrations. Some fireworks are rockets that can be firedinto the air, producing colorful patterns of bright light. One rocket design involves a cardboard tube, apropellant, and a fuse. A cap on the tube contains metal salts and explosive powder with a second fuse. Thepropellant consists of a mixture of carbon (C), sulfur (S), and potassium nitrate (KNO3). Potassium nitrate isa potassium ion (K+) bonded to a nitrate ion (NO3
–).
A long cardboard tube is filled with the propellant. When a lit fuse ignites the propellant, thepropellant releases oxygen, produces flames, and forces gas out the bottom of the rocket. These actions causethe rocket to rise high into the air.
As the rocket reaches its maximum height, a second fuse ignites an explosion that heats and burns themetal salts. This heating and burning of metal salts produces large colorful flashes. Many people enjoywatching these colorful displays against the night sky.
The use of fireworks can be dangerous. Professionals who use fireworks take many safety precautionswhile setting up and igniting the displays.
Metal salts andexplosive powder
Second fuse
First fuse
Cardboardtube
Heat-resistantclay
Propellant(C, S, KNO3)
Burninggases
Motion offirework
Firework Rocket Design
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20 A scientist hypothesizes that the use of apropellant other than the traditional mixtureof C, S, and KNO3 will cause a rocket to risehigher into the air. The researcher builds arocket that uses an alternate propellant. Aproper control for the experiment would be anidentical rocket that uses —
F the traditional propellant
G the alternate propellant
H no propellants
J a mixture of both propellants
19 When the fuse ignites the contents of afirework, oxygen is consumed as a result ofwhich type of change?
A Mass
B Phase
C Nuclear
D Chemical
18 As a rocket rises, its kinetic energy changes.At the time the rocket reaches its highestpoint, most of the kinetic energy of the rockethas been —
F permanently destroyed
G transformed into potential energy
H converted to friction
J stored in bonds between its atoms
17 Which of the following information wouldallow the most direct calculation of theaverage speed of the rocket on its upwardflight?
A Thrust force and wind speed
B Maximum height and the time it takes therocket to reach it
C Rocket mass and the time it takes therocket to reach the highest point
D Thrust force and the time it takes therocket to fall to the ground
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22 The ball in the diagram is moving at a speedof 12 m/s. What is the momentum of the ballin kg · m/s? Record and bubble in your answerto the tenths place on the answer document.
0.20 kgball
21 Which of the following properties causesattraction between molecules of liquid water?
A Acidity
B Polarity
C Density
D Viscosity
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25 A person uses a force of 600 N to lift a boxfrom the ground to the top of the ramp shown.Another worker uses a force of 300 N to pushthe same box up the complete length of theramp. What is the approximate percentefficiency of the ramp?
A 17%
B 23%
C 77%
D 83%
2.5 m
6.0 m
6.5 m
24 Which of the following is a characteristic ofmost bacterial infections but not of a viralinfection?
F It can cause multiple symptoms.
G It can affect different people differently.
H It can be spread by inhalation.
J It can be treated with an antibiotic.
23 For safety reasons, which of these labels is themost important to have on a reagent bottle?
A
B
C
D Prepared onApril 12
NaOHpH = 11.0
500 mL
Liquid at RoomTemperature
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27 The table shows some properties of fourdifferent substances. The picture shows a solidsphere of one of the four substances in awater-ethanol solution (D = 0.9199 g/mL).The sphere is most likely composed of whichsubstance?
A Substance Q
B Substance R
C Substance S
D Substance T
Substance Melting Point (°C)
Density (g/mL)
0.72
650
460
1.74
81 1.00
142 0.94
Q
R
S
T
26 Molten rock rises in Earth’s mantle and thensinks back toward the core in a circularpattern, as shown in the diagram. Thismethod of heat transfer is known as —
F conduction
G vibration
H radiation
J convection
Earth’score
Earth’scrust
Earth’smantle
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29 Cell membranes perform all the followingfunctions except —
A making nutrients for cells
B holding cytoplasm within cells
C regulating substances exiting cells
D recognizing other cells
28 A motor produces less mechanical energy thanthe energy it uses because the motor —
F gains some energy through motion
G stores some energy as electrons
H converts some energy into heat and sound
J uses some energy to increase in mass
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30 What is the balanced coefficient ratio for the reaction shown above?
F 3:3:3:2
G 2:1:2:2
H 2:3:2:2
J 1:1:1:1
___ Ca(OH)2(aq) + ___ CO2(g) ___ CaCO3(s) + ___ H2O(l )
31 The diagram shows a longitudinal section ofpart of a plant root tip. Which of the followingstatements best describes a trend that can beobserved in this root tip?
A The cells are generally longer at the topthan at the bottom.
B The number of nuclei per cell increasestoward the bottom of the root.
C The cells are shorter the closer they are tothe outer surface of the root.
D The number of cells per area of the root isgenerally constant.
Top
BottomOuter
surface
Center Outersurface
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32 Which of the following best describes a difference between a mutualistic relationship and a parasiticrelationship?
F Parasitism harms both organisms, while mutualism harms only one organism.
G Parasitism benefits only one organism, while mutualism benefits both organisms.
H Parasitism involves only two organisms, while mutualism involves many organisms.
J Parasitism continues for many generations, while mutualism is limited to one generation.
33 Diagram 1 represents a wave. Diagram 2 represents the composite wave formed when a second waveinterferes with the original wave. Which of the following best represents the second wave?
A C
B D
2 cm
2 cm
2 cm
2 cm
2 cm 2 cm
Diagram 1:Original Wave
Diagram 2:Composite Wave
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35 A student compares the viscosities of twosolutions at room temperature. The studentuses a metal block and equal volumes of thetwo solutions in identical containers. Whichprocedure would provide the best comparisonof the viscosities of the solutions?
A Determining whether the block raises orlowers the density of either solution
B Determining whether the block raises orlowers the temperature of either solution
C Measuring the volume of liquid the blockdisplaces in each solution
D Measuring the time it takes the block tosink in each solution
34 Water molecules generally have which effecton a soluble ionic compound mixed into water?
F They remove electrons from thecompound.
G They break the bonds between the ions.
H They change the ionic bonds to covalentbonds.
J They add protons to the ionic nuclei.
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36 The illustration shows the transcription process. What is the main purpose of the structure labeled W?
F Carrying instructions for protein synthesis
G Transforming into a protein
H Replacing damaged DNA
J Passing traits to offspring
C
G A
TU
C
G
C
G
TA
TA
C
GC AG
UA
TA
CTA
GC
GA
GU
AA
G
C
G
T
A
C
G
A
T
A
T
DNA
W
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40 Many viruses released into the air survive foronly short periods of time. Which of thefollowing is the most likely reason for this?
F Viruses attract antibodies in theatmosphere.
G Viruses require a low atmosphericpressure.
H Viruses are hosts for bacteria thateventually destroy them.
J Viruses are dependent on host cells ofliving organisms.
39 Some students investigate the rusting rate offour metals in saltwater. To best find therusting rates, the students should measurethe masses of the metals before theinvestigation and at —
A the same time and day during each weekof the investigation
B different times and days during each weekof the investigation
C any time during the first week of theinvestigation
D one randomly selected time during theinvestigation
38 Half of the tube of compound is applied to apair of tennis shoes and allowed to drycompletely. How much mass will the shoesgain?
F 20 g
G 40 g
H 50 g
J 100 g
A 100-gram tube of adhesive shoe-patchingcompound has 40% (by mass) adhesivedissolved in a solvent. When the compound isapplied, the solvent evaporates, leaving onlythe adhesive.
37 A food web is shown above. If the rabbitpopulation increases, which of the following ismost likely to happen soon afterward?
A The deer population will increase.
B The plant population will decrease.
C Different birds will move into the area.
D The insect population will be eliminated.
Coyotes
Rats
SnakesHawks
Seed-eatingbirds
Rabbits
Grasses,shrubs
Deer
Insects
Spiders
Frogs
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44 In addition to a hot plate and beakers, whichof these items are needed to test thehypothesis above?
F Test tube, barometer, thermometer
G Balance, thermometer, hand lens
H Stopwatch, microscope, test tube
J Thermometer, stopwatch, balance
Hypothesis: A 5-gram quantity of saltwill dissolve faster in 30°C water thanit will in 10°C water.
43 The long-term survival of any species oforganism is possible only if the organisms can —
A migrate when temperatures change
B reproduce successfully
C find protection from predators
D locate a constant food source
42 An advertisement for a new medication claimsthat patients can lower body cholesterol by25%–45%. If the claim is accurate, patientswho will benefit most from this medication arethose who —
F have high cholesterol levels
G consume small amounts of cholesterol
H want to eliminate cholesterol
J are aware of cholesterol’s effects
41 The diagram above represents a reflex arc in ahuman. This pathway responds when someonetouches something that causes pain, such as ahot stove. Which of the following shows thecorrect order of the body systems involved inthis response?
A Integumentary, respiratory, digestive
B Circulatory, respiratory, nervous
C Integumentary, nervous, muscular
D Circulatory, digestive, nervous
Skin
Muscle
Vertebra
Spinal cord
Reflex arc: the neural pathway from a pointof stimulation to the responding organ
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45 An electric toy cart has a mass of 6.0 kilograms and a constant acceleration of 0.50 m/s2. How muchwork does the net force do on the toy cart as the cart travels 8.0 meters?
A 24 Nm
B 30 Nm
C 40 Nm
D 48 Nm
8.0 m
6.0 kg
Acceleration = 0.50 m/s2
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48 A child jumps on a trampoline, as shownabove. Which of the following causes the childto rise in the air?
F Inertia
G Mass
H A reaction force
J A gravitational force
Surface oftrampoline
Direction ofDirection ofmovementmovementDirection ofmovement
47 The elements in which of these sets havechemical properties that are the most similar?
A K, Ca, Sc
B O, S, Se
C Na, Ca, Y
D P, S, Cl
46 White-tailed deer meet their energy needsthrough which of these activities?
F Drinking water
G Absorbing sunlight
H Eating plants
J Exhaling carbon dioxide
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51 An advertisement for a brand of tea claims thetea “improves the immune system.” This claimimplies that the tea —
A helps the body produce antibodies
B accelerates the process of digestion
C prevents bacteria from entering cells
D keeps the body from being exposed toviruses
50 Members of the kingdom Animalia are bestdescribed as —
F unicellular, prokaryotic, heterotrophic
G unicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic
H multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic
J multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic
49 Robert Koch is known for developing Koch’s postulates, a series of steps used to identify the agentsresponsible for some diseases. The validity of the postulates is best supported by which fact shownabove?
A Fact 1
B Fact 2
C Fact 3
D Fact 4
Fact 1: Koch directed a scientific research institute.
Fact 2: Koch developed procedures for disease control through sanitation.
Fact 3: Koch developed postulates that included four steps.
Fact 4: Koch used his four steps to identify the causes of tuberculosis and anthrax.
Some Facts About Robert Koch
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52 A 2.25 kg fish swims in a pond at a constantrate of 56 meters in 96 seconds. What is thefish’s approximate speed?
F 0.020 m/s
G 0.40 m/s
H 0.58 m/s
J 1.7 m/s
54 In a single-displacement reaction, thechemical change shown above occurs. Whichequation supports the law of conservation ofmass?
F w = y
G x = z
H w + x = y + z
J w + x = 2(y + z)
Chemicals: 2HI + F2 2HF + I2Masses: w x y z
53 A student investigates the effects of fivebrands of fertilizer on plant growth andconcludes that Brand X works best. Which ofthe following would best communicate thisconclusion?
A A list of the ingredients in each brand offertilizer used
B A graph showing the growth rate of plantsgrown with the different fertilizers
C A description of the role of differentnutrients in plant growth
D A diagram showing the conditions inwhich each plant grew
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BE SURE YOU HAVE RECORDED ALL OF YOUR ANSWERS
ON THE ANSWER DOCUMENT.
55 Scientists recently found a fossil representing a newly discovered animal species that they namedTiktaalik roseae. The fossil indicates that Tiktaalik roseae had a fish-like jaw and scale-covered fins.The front fins had bones similar to those of a shoulder, an upper arm, an elbow, a forearm, and a wrist.This information suggests that populations of Tiktaalik roseae most likely lived in which twoenvironments?
A In saltwater and in freshwater
B In water and on land
C On land and in treetops
D In glaciers and in caves
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