exercises in latin etymology

8/3/2019 Exercises in Latin Etymology

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EXERCISES

LATIN ETYMOLOGY;ADAPTED TO

ANDREWS AND STODDARD'S

LATIN GRAMMAR.

,0

E . a\ ANDREWS, LL.D

BOSTON:PUBLISHED BY CROCKER AND BREWSTER,47 Washington Street.

1855.


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Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1855,BY CROCKER AND BREWSTER,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.


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A)

PREFACE

Among those principles relating to education, which are sanc-tioned alike by reason and experience, few, probably, are betterestablished, than the expediency of fully illustrating generalrules by means of particular examples. To minds of every class,but especially to those of the young, abstract principles, whileunexplained by examples, have a character of vagueness alikeunsatisfactory to the understanding and unfitted to retain theirhold upon the memory. Particular examples, on the contrary,are easily comprehended and remembered, but are of little prac-tical value, till they suggest the general principle, under whichthey are to be arranged.To establish general principles in the student's mind, two

opposite courses of instruction have been pursued ; the oneknown as the synthetical method, the other as the analytical.By the former, a principle is first enunciated, and subsequentlyillustrated by individual instances. By the latter, the studentis led through single examples, until he arrives at the generalprinciple. The one, therefore, begins, where the other ends,and ends, where the other begins. Each of these methods,it is well known, has its advocates, and this is not less true inregard to instruction in language, than in other departments ofeducation. Without presuming to hazard an opinion respectingthe relative advantages of these two methods, we may perhapsbe permitted to remark, that the synthetical method has some-


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times suffered from the inadvertence of its professed friends,who have too often rested in the enunciation of principles,without sufficiently providing for their adequate illustration by-means of appropriate exercises.A conviction of this fact led the author of this small work,many years since, to prepare a book of " Latin Exercises," adapt-ed to the illustration of each division of Andrews and Stoddard'sLatin Grammar. That volume was arranged in such a manneras to be used with convenience from the time when the stu-dent commenced the study of the Grammar; and, in connec-tion with the " Questions n- adapted to the same Grammar, wasdesigned so to illustrate its leading principles, as to leave nodoubt concerning their true intent and proper application.It is in such connection that those works have been generallyused in the best schools of New England, and in this way onlycan the true value of either work be fairly estimated.At a later period than the one last referred to, and in further

prosecution of the author's design, he prepared a small volume,which he called his u First Latin Book," in which, in succes-sive lessons, he presented the rules of the Latin grammar withexercises designed to illustrate and to fix them permanentlyin the student's memory This latter work, which was in-tended more particularly for the use of those academies andhigh schools, in which the study of the Latin language is pur-sued to a limited extent only, and as a necessary part of agood English education, has received the favorable attention ofmany practical teachers, and of several eminent scholars, intowhose hands it has fallen.

In pursuance of the same purpose, which led to the pre-paration of his Latin Exercises and First Latin Book, theauthor has been induced, by the friendly suggestion of a classi-cal teacher of much experience, to prepare these few pages forthe special accommodation of those students, who make use ofAndrews and Stoddard's Grammar at the commencement oftheir Latin studies. To these, and especially to the youngermembers of the classes, the constant use of a large Jbook ofexercises during the many months in which they are mastering


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the principles of Latin Etymology, is attended with consider-able inconvenience, while the possession of a small manualwill, it is hoped, facilitate the study of their daily lessons,without reminding them continually how much remains forthem to do. It may be added, that the etymological exercisescontained in the larger work are less copious, and are con-fined to fewer topics, than those which are comprised in thismanual.As this work is designed to be used in connection with the

study of the etymological part of the Grammar, it has receivedthe name of " Etymological Exercises," though it must be con-fessed, that, in strict propriety, every change in the terminationof a word has ultimate reference to its proposed use in the con-struction of a sentence.

In the exercises on the verbs contained in the first part of thiswork, it would have been easy to substitute nouns as nomina-tives, instead of the perpetual " he, she, it " and " they ;" but itwould have been a departure from the general plan of the work,and would have tended to confound unnecessarily the depart-ments of etymology and syntax. In its present form the nomi-natives ego, tu, nos7 vos, ille} Mi, etc., as in the verbal para-digms, are considered as implied in the forms of the verbs,and, consequently, in preparing the lessons they can be entirelyomitted.To the exercises are subjoined an English- Latin and a Latin-

English Vocabulary, containing such words in each language,as the student will have occasion to employ in preparing hisexercises. Many of the Latin words in these Vocabularies areirregular, but as their irregularities are explained under theappropriate heads in the Grammar, such explanations havebeen generally omitted in the Vocabularies, lest they shouldseem to diminish the motives of the student to a faithful studyof every part of his Grammar. In his Vocabulary, for exam-ple, the student will find that sto is a neuter verb of the firstconjugation; but if a knowledge of this fact should lead him,without further search, to form for it a regular perfect, he maychance to find that other members of his class have surpassed

l*


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6him in diligence. By the use of the Vocabularies the teacherwill find it easy, on occasion, to prepare other exersises, and todiversify their character to almost any extent.The designed connection of these Exercises with the Gram-mar, and the mode in which they were intended to be used,will sufficiently appear by means of the directions and thegrammatical references embodied in the work.

E. A. A.New Britain, Conn., Oct. 1855.


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ETYMOLOGICAL EXERCISES.

Part I.NOUNS.Grammar 26.Directions.In regard to each of the following English sen-

tences the teacher will ask, 1st. What words in this sentenceare nouns ? 2d. Why is this word (naming it) a noun ? Theanswer to the second question will be found in the definition of anoun contained in the 26th Section of the Grammar.

Dido founded Carthage.Neptune is the god of the sea.Care follows wealth.Hope cheers the husbandmen.Virtue is its own reward.CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS.

Directions.The questions in regard to each Latin word inthe following table are, 1st. What kind of noun is it ? 2d. Why-is it a proper, a common, a collective, an abstract, or a materialnoun ? The respective definitions of each of these classes ofnouns will afford the proper answer to the second question.

Roma, Rome. Necessitas, necessity.Aurum, gold. Sicilia, Sicily.Fluvius, a river. Formido, fear.Nox, night. Ignavia, sloth.Gladius, a sword. Athenae, Athens.Apenninus, the Apennines. Senatus. the Senate.Poema, a poem. JEs, brass.


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Panis, bread.Glacies, ice.Fides, faith.Oleum, oil.Caseus, cheese.Pietas, piety.Horatius, Horace.Triticum, wheat.Justitia, justice.Vinum, urine.Marcus. Marcus.

Panis, a loaf.Oceanus, the ocean.Aqua, water.Concilium, an assembly.Caseus, a cheese.Mel, honey.Magister, a master.Plebs, the common people.jEtas, an age.Malum, an evil.Tiberis, the Tiber.

GENDER OF NOUNS.Grammar 27.

Directions.The questions in regard to each of the follow-ing nouns are, first, " Is its gender natural or grammatical V*Secondly, " Why V The answers to these questions will befound in this section of the Grammar.

Diana, /., Diana.Clypeus, m. t a shield.An ram, n., gold.Puer, m., a boy.Glacies,f. ce.Poema, n., a poem.Pater, m., a father.Caseus, m., cheese.

Romulus, m., Romulus.Puella,/., a girl.Nox, /, night.Panis, m., bread.Fluvius, m., a river.Flumen, ., a river.Filia, f, a daughter.Sicilia, /, Sicily.

Grammar H 2830.Directions.The questions in regard to each of the follow-

ing nouns are, 1st. " What is its gender ?" 2d. "Why?" Thegeneral rules of gender in these sections will suggest the properanswers.

Horatius, Horace.Mater, a mother.Hispania, Spain.Conjux, a spouse.Pirus, a pear-tree.Tiberis, the Tiber.^Egyptus, Egypt.JNemo, nobody.

Helena, Helen.Roma, Rome.Auster, the South-wind.Parens, a parent.Aprilis, April.Nardus, spikenard.Rhodus, Rhodes.Aper, a wild-boar.

DECLENSIONS.Grammar 38.

Directions.The following table contains the nominativeand genitive singular of certain Latin nouns, whose gender the


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student is to determine by the principlessection. The questions are, 1st. " Whatetc. V } 2d. " Why ?"

contained in the 38this the gender of cw?a,

Nom. Gen.Cura, curae, care.Puer, pueri, a boy.Turris, turris, a tower.Ara, aree, an altar.Clypeus, clypei, a shield.Facies, faciei, a face.Glacies, glaciei, ice.Antrum, antri, a cave.Arbos, arboris, a tree.Fructus, fructus, fruit.Res, rei, a thing.Pater, patris,

lateris,a father.

Latus, a side.Vir, viri, a man.Lapis, lapidis, a stone.Quereus, quercus, an oak.Currus, currus, a chariot.Hortus, horti, a garden.JEneas, JEneae, JEneas.Alexander, Alexandri, Alexander.

TERMINATIONS OF NOUNS.FIRST DECLENSION.Grammar 39 and 41.

What are the terminations of the several cases of Latin nounsof the 1st declension, in the singular number?in the plural ?What is the termination of the nominative singular ?of thenominative plural \of the gen. sing. ?of the gen. plur. ?ofthe dat. sing. 1of the dat. plur. }of the ace. sing. ?-of the ace.plur. ?of the voc. sing. %of the voc. plur. %of the abl. sing. %of the abl. plural ?What cases in the singular end in a ?in


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10Decline in like manner

Aula, a hall.Cura, care.Galea, a helmet.Dea, a goddess.

Insula, an island.Litera, a letter.Machina, a machine.Filia, a daughter.

SECOND DECLENSION.Grammar 39 and 46-53.

What are the terminations of masculine Latin nouns of the 2ddeclension in the nominative sing. % What is the termination ofneuter Latin nouns of the 2d declension in the nominative singu-lar ? Give the terminations in the singular number of the severalcases of masculines of the 2d declension in us.of nouns of the2d declension in er.of all masculines of this declension in theplural. How are feminines in us declined'?

Give the terminations of neuters of the 2d declension in theseveral cases of the singular.of the plural.What cases of neuters of the 2d declension have the same ter-minations as masculines ? What cases of neuters of the 2d de-clension have different terminations from those of masculines %

In what class of nouns of the 2d decl. is the voc. sing, unlikethe nom. ? What cases of the 2d decl. always end in o ?in * ?What three cases of neuters end alike in the singular ?in theplural ? How in the 2d declension do these cases end in thesingular? What three words are excepted? How do thesecases end in the plural ?

Give the classified declension of each of the following nouns.Dominus, a lord.Gener, a son-in-law.Ager, a field.Regnum, a kingdom.Pelagus, the sea. in sing. 51.Filius, a son. 52.

Animus, the mind.Puer, a boy.Liber, a book.Exemplum, an example.Vir, a man. 48.Deus, a god.

THIRD DECLENSION.MASCULINES.

Grammar 58-61.What terminations of nouns of the 3d declension are mascu-

line? See Gr. 58. Or the following answer from the FirstLatin Book may be given : viz.

Nouns in e r, o r, o,(Excepting i o, do, and go,)With nouns in os and wis,


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11And es, if it increase,*E x and n (excepting men,)With dens and fons,And mons and pons.Are to be counted masculine.

*t. e. if the genitive has more syllables than the nominative.Directions.The following table contains both regular and

irregular nouns in o, er, etc. The student will find, in the sec-tions of the Grammar referred to, the answers to the questions,lt Of what gender is sermo,v etc.? and " Why ? j;

Sermo, speech. Dolor, pain.Flos, aflower. Career, a prison.Pes, a foot. Ratio, reason.Arundo, a reed. Imago, an image.Comedo, a glutton. Cupido, desire.Caro, flesh. Linter, a boat.Iter, a journey. Ver, the spring.JEquor, the sea. Cor, the heart.Merees, edis, a reward. Quies, etis, rest.Obses, a hostage. Arbos, a tree.Os, oris, the mouth. Os, ossis, a bone.

FEMININES.Grammar 62-65.

What terminations of nouns of the 3d declension are feminine ?See Gr. 62. Or the following lines can be repeated ; viz.Nouns, not increasing, in e s}Us (utis, udis,*) x, as, is,In 5 impure,! ys, aus, i o,Are femininewith do and go.

*i. e. having Utis or Mis in the genitive.1 1. e. following a consonant.

Directions.The following, like the preceding table, containsboth regular and irregular nouns. The questions are the sameas in the preceding table.

As, a piece ofmoney. ^Etas, an age.Vas, vasis, a vessel. Vates, a prophet.Nubes, a cloud. Crinis, the hair.Dens, a tooth. Pons, a bridge.Thorax, a breastplate. Calix, a cup.Pax, peace. Trabs, a beam.Avis, a bird. Chlamys, a cloak.


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12What terminations of nouns of the 3d declension are neuter 1

See Gr. 66. Or the following lines can be repeated : viz.Nouns neuter end in a and e,In i and y, in / and c ;In us} ar, ur: in men and if

Directions.The same questions are to be proposed respect-ing the nouns in this table as in the tables relating to masculinesand feminines.

Diadema, a crown.Vectigal, revenue.Sal, salt.Canon, a rule.Turtur, a turtle dove.Pectus, the breast.Juventus, youth.Grus, a crane.

Rete, a net.Sol, the sun.Flumen, a river.Caput, the head.Calear, a spur.Lepus, a hare.Tellus, the earth.Sus, a swine.

FORMATION OF THE GENITIVE.Grammar $$ 68-78.

Directions.The questions respecting the following nounsare, " What is the genitive ? By what rule ?"

Poema, a poem.Sedile, a seat.Imago, an image.Animal, an animal.Career, a prison.Flumen, a river.Far, corn.Pietas, piety.Ales, a bird.Obses, a hostage.Avis, a bird.Honos, honor.Bos, an ox.Incus, an anvil.Pars, a part.Vox, the voice.Pollex, the thumb.

Sermo, speech.Arundo, a reed.Caro, flesh.Canon, a rule.Mel, honey.Mater, a mother.Robur, strength.Vas, a surety,Aries, a ram.Pes, a foot.Lapis, a stone.Nepos, a grandchild.Frigus, cold.Trabs, a beam.Caput, the head.Grex, a flock.Senex, an old man.

TERMINATIONS OF CASES.Grammar 39 and 57.

What is the termination of the nom., ace, and voc. plural ofmasculines and feminines of the 3d declension'?of the gen.sing, of all nouns of the 3d declension 1of the gen. plur. ?


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13of the dat. sing. ?of the dat. plur. 1of the abl. sing. ?of theabl. plur. ?of the nom., ace, and voc. plur. of neuter nouns ofthe 3d declension?What two case's of all nouns of the 3d declension and singularnumber are alike ? What three cases of all neuter nouns arealike in the singular? What three cases of all nouns of the 3ddeclension are alike in the plural ? What two other cases arealike in the plural ? What is the termination of these two cases ?What case in the singular number of masculines and femininesof the 3d declension ends in mlin i ?in e or t ? Where, inthe plural of masculines and feminines of the 3d declension, isthe termination es found ? How do the same cases end in neu-ters ? In what cases of the plural of neuters of the 3d declen-sion is s final found ? In what case of the plural of masculines,and feminines is final s not found ?

Give the classified declension ofHonos, m. Sermo, m.Rupes, /.Sedile, n.

Ars, /.Carmen, nNox, /. Iter, n.FOURTH DECLENSION.

Grammar 8789.What is the termination of the nom. and voc. singular of mas-

culines and feminines of the 4th declension'?of the nom, acc. rand voc. plural \of the dat. singular ?of the dat. plural ?of the abl. sing?of the abl. plural?of the gen. singular of allnouns of the 4th declension?of the gen. plural ?of the nom.singular of neuter nouns of the 4th declension ?of their nom.,,ace, and voc. plural? What cases of neuter nouns of the 4thdeclension are like the nom. singular?

Give the classified declension offructusof manusof cornuof artusof pecuof portusof veru.

FIFTH DECLENSION.Grammar 90.

What are the terminations of the several cases of nouns of the5th declension in the sing.?in the plur.?of the nom. andvoc. singular ?of the nom., ace, and voc. plural ?of the gen.singular ?of the gen. plural?of the dat. singular ?of the dat.plural ?of the abl. singular ?of the abl. plural ?

Give the classified declension of resof dies.2


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14Which of the declensions contain no neuter nouns'? What

three cases of neuters are alike ? What is the termination ofthese cases in the plural ? What is the termination of the ace.sing, in the 1st declension ?of masculines and feminines of the2d declension?of the 3d?of the 4th?of nouns of the 5th?What is the termination of the dat. and abl. plural of the 1st and2d declensions ?of the 3d ?of the 4th ?of the 5th ?of thegen. plural of the 1st?of the 2d?of the 3d 'of the 4th?of the 5th?of the ace. plural of the 1st?of masculines andfeminines of the 2d ?of the 3d ?of the 4th ?of the 5th ?

ROOTS OF NOUNS.Grammar 40. Rem. 10.

Give the grammatical root of each of the following nounsAula.Litera.Sagitta.Animus.Puer.Antrum.

Poema,Steinma,Ancile,Formido,Caro,Titan,Mel,Tiblcen,Crater,Hepar,Ebur,Mas,Clades,Lebes,Seges,Ceres,Cuspis,Lis,Custos,Foedns,Pal us,Jus,Stirps,Forceps,Frons,Cornix,Lex,Nix,

CuraLuscinia.Stella.Clypeus.Socer.Bellum.Gen.

poematis.stemmatis.ancilis.formidinis.earn is.Titanis.mellis.tibicinis.'crateris.hepatis.eborismaris,cladis.lebeiis.segetis.Cereris.cuspldis.litis.cuslodis.foederis,paliidis.juris,slirpi*.forclpis.frond is.cornicis.legis.nivis.

Galea. Insula.Machina. Penna.Toga. Via.Corvus. Gladius.Aper. Faber.Negotium. Saxum.

Gen.AquTlo, aquilonis.Piegio, region is.Ferrugo, ferruginis.Homo, hominis.Animal, animalis.Career, carceris.Agmen, agminis.Frater, fratris.Far, farris.Cor, cordis.Pietas, pietfuis.Ales, alTtis.Comes, comitis.Miles, mi lit is.Obses, obsidis.Classis, classis.Sanguis, sanguinis.Mos, moris.Bos, bovis.Corpus, corporis.Virtus, virliitis.Laus, laud is.Dens, dentis.Frons, frontis.Auceps, auciipis.Conjux, conjtigis.Senex, senis.Nox, noctis.


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15Cantus.Fides.

Currus.Spes.

Exercitus.Facies.

Veru.Res.

EXERCISES UPON EACH DECLENSION.Pat each of the following nouns into the case annexed to it

viz.Aula, dat sing. Litera, ace. plur.Cura, gen plur.. Luscinia, abl. sing.nom. plur.alea, ace sing. Machina,IusQla, abl. plur. Penna, gen. sing.Sagitta, voc. plur. Toga, voc. sing.Animus, nom plur. Clypeus, voc. sing.Corvus, abl. sing. Focus, ace. sing.Gladius, gen. plur. Lucus, ace. plur.Numerus , dat plur. Ocearius, dat. sing.Trochus, dat. sing. Tullius, voc. sing.Puer, abl. sing. Lucifer, ace. sing.Socer, gen. phir. Aper, ace. plur.Auster, dat. sing. Faber, nom. phir.Liber, abl. plur. Magister, voc. si?ig.Onager, dat. plur. Teucer, abl. sing,nom. plur.ntrum, ace. sing. Atrium,Bellum, ace. plur. Exemplum abl plur.Negotium, dat. sing.. Saxum, gen. plur.Poema, abl. sing. Schema, nom. plur.Stemma, gen. plur. Epigramma , gen. sing.Ancile, dat. sing. ~ Rete, gen. plur.Ma utile, abl. sing. Ovlle, ace. phir.Aquilo, gen. sing. Bubo, ace. sing,nom. plur.egio, ace. plur. Oratio,Ratio, gen. plur. Latro, abl. sing.Ferrugo, dat. sing. Formldo, ace. plur.Grando, gen. sing. Orlgo, gen. plur.Virgo, dat. plur. Homo, ace. sing.Caro, abl. sing. Dido, gen. sing.Animal, nom. plur. Titan, dat. sing.Vigil, ace. si?ig. Siren, ace plur.Career, dat. plur. Calcar, abl. sing,nom. plur.ulvlnar, nom. plur. Mel,Agmen, dat. sing. Crimen, nom. plur.Carmen, abl. plur. Gramen, abl. sing.Tibicen, ace. sing. Mater, 710m. plur.Fraler, abl. ])lur. Accipiter, ace. sijig.Crater, ace. plur. Far/ abl. sing,nom. plur.epar, dat. sing. Cor,Ebur, abl. sing. Pietas, ace sing.Mas, abl. plur. Anas, nom. plur.Ales, gen. sing. Clades, ace sing.Crates, dat. plur. Comes, gen. plur.


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16JEdes, gen. plur. Lebes, nom. plur.Miles, ace plur. Vulpes, dat. sing.Pedes, abl. sing,nom. plur. Seges, abl. plur.Obses, Heres, ace. sing.Ceres, abl. sing. JEs, dat. sing.Classis, ace. sing. Messis, nom. plur.Ovis, gen. plur. Pellis, dat. sing.Vitis, ace. plur. Sitis, ace. sing.Aprilis, abl. sing. Cinis, dat. sing.Cuspis, ace. sing. Sanguis, abl. sing.Lis, nom. plur. Quiris, gen. plur.Mos, abl. plur. Ros, abl. sing.Arbos, ace. sing. Dos, ace. plur.Sacerdos, dat. plur. Custos, nom. plur.

dat. plur.os, ace. sing,nom. plur. Bos,Fcedus, Corpus, abl. sing.Frigus, dat. plur. Munus, ace. plur.Nemos, dat. sing. Vulnus, gen. plur.Tempus, ace. sing. Palus, ace sing,nom. plur.uvenilis, abl. sing. Virtus,Jus, ace. plur. Tellus, ace. sing.Laus, abl. plur. Sus, dat. plur.Stirps, abl. sing. Dens, nom. plur.JMons, dat. plur. Cliens, gen. plur.Forceps, ace. si?ig. Frons (frondis,) ace. plur.Frons (frontis,) nom. plur. Auceps, dat. sing.Comix, gen. sing. Conjux, dat. plur.Crux, dat. sing. Lex, ace. plur.Nutrix, ace. sing. Frux, abl. plur.Apex, nom. plur. Index, abl. sing.Pontiiex, ace. sing. Supellex. ace. sing.Senex, abl. plur. Nix, abl. sing.Nox, gen. plur. Thrax, gen. plur.Canlus, abl. sing. ExercTtus, ace. plur.Currus, gen. sing. Fluctus, abl. plur.Senatus, dat. sing. Lacus, dat. plur.Veru, abl. sing. Pecu, abl. plur.Fides, abl. sing. Spes, nom. plur.Facies, gen. sing. Glacies, abl. sing.

ADJECTIVES.Grammar 104.

The questions in regard to each of the following English sen-tences are, 1st. What word in this sentence is an adjective?2d. Why is it an adjective'? The answer to the latter ques-tion is to be derived fiom the definition of an adjective.

Icy winter is approaching.The ripe apples fall.


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17Delay is not safe.The swift stags fly.There is no reason.The night is cold.I have learned my lesson.Two centuries have elapsed.

CLASSIFICATION OF ADJECTIVES.The questions in regard to the following combinations are,

1st. Which of the two words is an adjective % 2d. Why is it anadjective? 3d. To which class of adjectives does it belong?For the answers to these questions see \ 104, 1-13.

Nulla prsecepta, no precepts.Avus maternus, a maternal grandfather.Viginti arbores, twenty trees.Hostlles naves, hostile ships.Bellum trojanum, the Trojan war.Ater corvus, a black raven.Suramus locus, the highest place.Parvus puer, a small boy.Craslina lux, tomorrow's light.Lignea turris, a ivooden tower.Quota hora? what hourJHomines somnolenti, sleepy men.

COMPARISON.Grammar, 122,

Directions.The questions respecting each of the followingadjectives are, 1st. Does it admit of comparison

1

? 2d. Why?Albus, white. AnnuusPatemus, -paternal. Asper, roughSecundus, second. Ullus, any.Jucundus, pleasant. Fortis, brave.Romanus, Roman. Omnis, all.Totus, total. Blpes, two-footed.Centum, a hundred. Infinltus, boundless.Hilaris, cheerful. Cselebs, unmarried.Opulentus, wealthy. Opportunus, seasonable.Bisulcus, tioo-cleft. Tot, so-many.Quadriiplex, fourfold. Similis, like.

Grammar 124-126.Directions.In regard to each of these adjectives the ques-

tions are, 1st. What is its root? 2d. How is it compared'? Ifits comparison is in any respect irregular, then, 3d. By what ruleis it so compared 1

2*


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18Audax, daring. Fidus, faithful.Iners, sluggish. Malus, bad.Nequam, worthless. Ingens, huge.Difticilis, difficult. MunifIcus, liberal.Senex, old. Carus, dear.Crudelis, cruel. Alacer, active.Dulcis, sweet. Superus, high.Sacer, sacred. Parvus, small.

. Vetus, old. Pulcher, beautiful.Dexter, right. Malevolus, malevolent.

Put the following adjectives into the several genders, num-bers, and cases specified, viz.Altus into the abl. sing. fern.nom. plur. neut.ace. plur. masc.JFidus,gen. plur. masc.ace. plur. fem.abl. plur.dat sing. masc.Lortgus,ace. sing. masc.abl. sing. masc.gen. plur. fem.ace. plur. neut.Benignus,voc. sing masc.voc. plur. fem.dat. plur.Asper,dat. sing. masc.nom. plur. neut.abl. sing. fem.Miser,nom sing. neut.nom plur. fem.JEger,nom plur masc.ace. sing, femdat. sing. neut..Sacer,gen. plur. femace. plur. masc.dat. sing. fem.Alms,nom. sing, neut.gen sing.dat. sing.Solus,gen. singabl. sing. fem.Alter,dat sing ace sing. masc.Alacer,nom. sing neut.nom. plur. masc.abl. plur.Celeber,nom. plur. masc.abl. sing.Paluster,ace. sing. fem.nom. plur. neut.JSalubris,ace. plur. neut.~Terrestris,gen. plur abl sing.Brevis,ace. sing. neut.gen. plur.Dulcis,nom. plur. masc abl. plur.Oynnis,nom. plur. neut.gen. plur.Tres,gen. plur.ace. plur. neut.Altior,dat. sing.ace. sing. neut.nom. plur. fem.Felicior,abl. sing dat. plur.ace. plur. neut.Gravior,gen. plur.ace plur. masc.Audax,dat. sing^nom. plur. neut.abl. plur.ace. sing. fem.Ingens,ace. sing. neut.ace plur. fem.Hebes,ace. sing. masc.ace. plur. masc.Dives,abl. singgen plur.nom. sing. neut.Deses,nom. plur. mascace. sing. fem.JBipes,ace. sing. masc.nom. plur. masc.Compos,abl. sing.nom. plur. masc.Calebs,abl singnom. plur. masc.Anceps,nom plur. masc.nom. plur. neut.Pauper,gen. plur.dat. sing.Senex,ace. sing. masc.gen. plur.Co7icors,dat. sing.nom. plur. neut.Vetus,gen. plurace. plur. neut.fiber,ace. plur. neut.abl, plur.Volucer,nom. sing fem.gen. plur.Memor,ace. sing. masc.gen. plur.


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19

CONNECTED DECLENSION OF NOUNS AND ADJEC-TIVES.

Decline in connection the following nouns and adjectives inboth numbers and in all the cases ; viz.

Bonus amicus, a good friend.Bona mensa, a good table.Bonum exemplum, a good example.Tener puer, a tender boy.Ten era puella, a tender girl.Tenerum virgultum, a tender shrub,Noster ager, ourfield.Sacra insula, a sacred island.Vestrum donum, your gift.Niger corvus, a black raven.

Thus:Singtdar. Plural.

Nom. Bonus amicus, Nom. boni amici,Gen. boni amici, Gen. bonorum amicorum,Dot. bono amico, Dat. bonis amlcis,Ace. bonum amlcum, Ace. bonos amlcos,Voc. bone amice, Voc. boni amici,Abl. bono amico Abl. bonis amlcis.

Decline in like manner the following, in some of which thenoun and adjective are of different declensions ; viz.Bonus pater, a good father.Alta populus, a tall poplar.Mons sacer, a sacred mountain.Alter homo, another man.TJtraque man us, each hand; in the plural, both hands.Sinistrum cornu, the left horn.B revis via, a short way.Vir fortis, a brave man.Breve tempus, a short time.Leo nobilis, a noble lion.Uxor fida, afaithful wife.Carmen dulce, a sweet song.

And in the plural onlyDuae res, two things.Tres dies, three days.Duo leones, two lions.Duae filiae, two daughters.Duo corp6ra, two bodies.Ambae voces, both voices.


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20

PRONOUNS.Grammar $ 133-139.Put the following pronouns into the several cases, numbers,

etc. requiredEgo,ace. sing.abl. plur.gen. plur.dat. sing.Tu,dat. sing.ace. plur.gen. sing.gen. plur.Sui,abl. sing.abl. plur.gen. plur.ace. sing.Hie,ace. sing. neut.gen. plur. fern.abl. plur.Iste,dat. sing.ace. plur. fem.nom. plur. neut.Ipse,gen. sing.ace. sing. neut.ace. plur. neut.Mic,abl. sing. fern.dat. plur.gen. plur. fem.Is,dat. sing.dat. plur.ace. plur. fern.Istic,abl. sing. neut.nom. plur. neut.Idem,ace sing. fem.abl. plur.Qui,ace. sing, masc.ace. plur. neut.ace. sing. neut.Quis,nom. sing. neut.dat. plur.Quisquis,abl. sing, neutdat. plur. masc.Quicumque,abl. sing. fem.dat. plur.Quisnam,ace. sing. masc.ace sing. neut.Ecquis,nom. sing. neut.dat. sing.Cujas,ace. sing.nom. plur.Siquis,abl. sing. fem.ace. sing. neut.Quisque,nom. sing. neut.abl. sing. masc.JJnusquisqxie, abl. sing. masc.Quilibet,dat. sing abl. plur.Quivis,ace. sing. masc.nom. plur. fem.Quidam,abl. plur.nom. plur. neut.Mens,voc. sing. masc.nom. plur. masc.Noster,dat. sing. neut.abl. plur.

Decline in connection the following adjective pronouns andnouns : viz.

Ille homo, that man.Ista mater, that mother.Insum saxum, the rock itself.Qui gener? what son-in-law?Idem sermo, the same speech.Ea res, that thing.Islud negotium, that business.Eadem mulier, the same woman.Hoc regnum, this kingdom.Ilia spes, that hope.Idem exeinplum, the same example.Id bellum, that tvar.Hoec insula, this island.


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21

VERBS.Grammar 140.

The questions to be asked in regard to each of the followingEnglish sentences are, What word in this sentence is a verb ?and, Why is it a verb I The answer to the second questionwill be, that it affirms something respecting (name the person orthing of which it affirms,) and that " A verb is a word," etc.,quoting the definition of a verb.

Scipio destroyed Carthage.The bee loves flowers.Romulus founded Rome.Life is short.Roses shine among the lilies.The dogs will pursue.The stag was puisued.

Note.Auxiliary verbs and the word with which they areconnected constitute but one verb : as,

The times are changed.The times will be cThe times will have been changed.CLASSIFICATION OF VERBS.

Grammar 141, 142.The questions in regard to each of the following Latin sen-

tences are, 1st. What is its verb? 2d. What kind of verb isit ? and 3d, if it is an active verb, Of which voice is it ? And,in regard to each answer to those questions, the further ques-tions, Why is it a verb? Why is it active? etc. are to beasked.Beneficia parant amicos,Anima est immortalis,Darius victus est ab Alexandre),Unum dedeeus restat,Amici inventi sunt,Mite poinum cadit,Oculi falluntur,Clamor audltur,Venit hiems,Moriemur,Cura sequitur pecuniam,Diem perdldi,Mora non est tuta,

Benefits procure friends.The soul is immortal.Darius was conquered by Alexander.One disgrace remains.Friends have been found.The ripe apple falls.The eyes are deceived.A shout is heard.Winter is coming. Gr. 145, I.We shall die. Gr. 142, R. 4.Care follows money.I have lost a day.Delay is not safe.


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22MOODS.

Grammar 143.In the following Latin sentences the questions to be asked in

regard to each verb are, What is its mood 1 and, Why ?Anima est immortalis,Si rex regat,Monemini,Te cupio videre,Cum tempus veniat,Puniuntor fures,Poma cadebant,Si poma caderent,Clamor auditus est,Labuntur anni,Intelligere non possum,Vince iram,Te sequar,Si te secutus sim,Te sequi cupiebat,

The soul is immortal.If the king rule.

Be ye advised.I desire to see you.When the time comes.Let thieves be punished.The apples were falling.If the apples should fall.A clamor was heard.Years glide away.I cannot understand.Overcome anger.I will follow thee.If I have followed thee.He desired to follow thee.

TENSES.Grammar 144, 145.

Questions. In what tense is the verb ? Why %Rex regit,Legem tulit,Legem tulit,Rex regit,Rex regebat,Legem tulisset,Diem perdet,Diem perdiderat,Milltes dorraiverint,Vince iram,Dido CarthagTnem condebat,Dido Carthaglnem condldit,Tempus veniat,

The king rules.He made a law.He has made a law.The king is ruling.The king was ruling.He would have made a law.He will lose a day.He had lost a day.The soldiers will have slept.Overcome anger.Dido was founding Carthage.Dido founded Carthage.May the time come.CONJUGATIONS.Grammar 149.

Directions.The following table contains the present in-dicative and present infinitive of certain Latin verbs :the stu-dent is thence to determine to which conjugation they belong.

Laudo, laudare.Duco, ducere.Compleo, complere.Vestio, vestire.Muto, mutare.Jacio, jacere.


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23Punio, punlre. Do, dare. Gr. 149, N.Voco, vocare. Nutrio, nutrlre.Mitto, mittere. Moveo, movere.Terreo, terrere. Fugio, fugere.Vinco, vincere. Floreo, florere.Sto, stare. Sero, serere.Desidero, desiderare. Invenio, invemre.

VERBAL ROOTS.Grammar 150.

The following table contains the first roots of certain regularverbs, from which the student is to form their present and per-fect indicative and their former supine. Those which belong tothe 2d conjugation, however, add ui and itum, instead of evi andetum, according to the 2d clause of 150, 3. The figure prefixeddenotes the conjugation.

2. Hab 4. Erud 3. Argu1. Accus 2. Terr 4. Fin4. Aud 1. Iraper 1. Nomin3. Acu 3. Carp4. Moll 2. Mer2. Tac 3. Indu1. Invit 2. Plac 4. Nutr4. Mun 1. Nunti 1. Prob3. Ru 3. Due 2. JVIon2. Noc 4. Sc 3. Carp1. Regn 3. Tribu 4. Vest4. Pun 3. Metu 1. Loc

FIRST ROOT.Grammar 152.

What tenses of the indicative mood, active and passive voices,are formed from the first root 1of the subjunctive mood in bothvoices'? What mood is wholly formed from the first root inboth voices ? What part of the infinitive in both voices is formedfrom the first root? What active participle? What passiveparticiple ? What other part of the active voice comes from thefirst root ?

VERBAL TERMINATIONS.Grammar 152.

Give the verbal terminations, first in the active voice and thenin the passive : Of the indicative mood, present tense, in the 1st conjuga-tion.in the 2d.in the 3d.in the 4th.


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24 Of the indicative mood, imperfect tense, in the 1st conjuga-

tion.in the 2d.in the 3d.in the 4th. Of the indicative mood, future tense, in the 1st conjuga-tion.in the 2d.in the 3d.in the 4th.# Of the subjunctive mood, present tense, in the 1st conjuga-

tion.in the 2d.in the 3d.in the 4th Of the subjunctive mood, imperfect tense, in the 1st conju-gation.in the 2d.in the 3d in the 4th. Of the imperative mood, in the 1st conjugation.in the 2d.in the 3.d.in the 4th Of the infinitive mood, present tense, in the 1st conjuga-tion.in the 2d.in the 3din the 4th Of the present active participle, in the 1st conjugation.in the 2d.in the 3d.in the 4th. Of the future passive participle, in the 1st conjugation.in the 2d in the 3d.in the 4th. Of the gerund, in the 1st conjugation.in the 2d.in the3d.in the 4th.

SECOND ROOT.Grammar 152.

In which voice is the 2d root used ? Whut parts of the activevoice are formed from the 2d root ?

Give the terminations of the active voice, indicative mood,perfect tense.pluperfect tense.future perfect tense. Of the subjunctive mood, perfect tense.pluperfect tense.of the infinitive perfect.

THIRD ROOT.Grammar 152.

What parts of the active voice are formed from the 3d root?What parts of the passive voice are formed from the 3d roof?Give the terminations of the masculine forms of the passive

voice, indicative mood, perfect tense.of the feminine forms. Of the masculine forms of the passive voice, indicativemood, pluperfect tense.of the feminine forms. Of the masculine forms of the passive voice, indicativemood, future perfect tense.of the feminine forms.Of the masculine foims of the passive voice, subjunctivemood, perfect tenseof the feminine forms. Of the masculine forms of the passive voice, subj. mood,pluperfect tense.of the feminine forms. Of the masculine forms of the passive voice, infinitive mood,perfect tense.of the feminine forms.


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25 Of the masculine, feminine, and neuter forms of the perfect

passive participle.of the infinitive future active.of the futureactive participle. Give the termination of the future infinitivepassive.of the former and latter supines.

EXERCISES ON THE VERBS.Grammar 155-160.

Directions.In translating from English into Latin, the aux-iliary verb do is a sigh of the present tense, did of the perfect in-definite, unless continued or customary action is spoken of,when it is a sign of the imperfect. These auxiliaries are used,principally in interrogations.A Latin sentence may be changed from the declarative formto the interrogative by commencing with an or num, or by an-nexing the enclitic ne to the first word ; as, audis, thou hearestan audis ? or num audis ? or audisne ? dost thou hear ?The proper force of the auxiliaries may, can, might, couldtwould, and should, as connected with the subjunctive, cannot be-expressed in independent clauses, where they imply ability, duty,will, etc. In subjunctive clauses, on the contrary, they denotecontingency. In the following sentences, therefore, wheneverthese auxiliaries occur, the student is to suppose the sentencesin which they stand to be dependent clauses separated from theleading clauses on which they properly depend. For example,." I can lead," if taken as an independent sentence, would betranslated ducere possum, but as a contingent clause, connectedwith some leading verb, it will be translated by the present sub-junctive, ducam.

Vocabulary of verbs to be used in the following exercises ofPart I.

Laudo, -are, -avi, -atum, to praise.Muto, -are, -avi, atum, to change.Voco, -are, -avi, -atum, to call.Compleo, -ere, -evi, -etum, to Jill.Moveo, -ere, movi, mdium, to move.Terreo, -ere, terrui, terntum, to terrify.Duco, -ere, duxi, ductum, to lead.Mitto, -ere, misi, missum, to send.Jacio, -ere, jeci, jactum, to throw.Nutrio, -Ire, -Ivi, -Hum, to nourish'.Punio, -Ire, -Ivi, -Itum, to punish.Vestio, -Ire, -Ivi, -Hum, to cloth&


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26Translate the following English sentences and phrases into

LatinACTIVE VOICE.

I praise, thou wilt praise, he was praising ; we have praised,ye may praise, they have praised : do I praise ?I was changing, thou hast changed, he had changed ; we

shall have changed, ye will change, they change : hast thouchanged ?I will call, thou mayst call, he would, call ; we might have

called, ye call, they had called : would he call?I have filled, thou shouldst have filled, he will have filled;we would have filled, ye fill, they were filling : will ye fill ?I have moved, thou mightst move, let him move ; we maymove, ye will have moved, they will move: will they move ?I may terrify, thou wast terrifying, he would have terrifiedwe terrify, ye might terrify, they have terrified : does he terrify ?I might lead, lead thou, let him lead ; we will lead, ye had

led, they would lead : had ye led?I may have sent, thou wilt have sent, he sends ; we will send,

send ye, they can send : wilt thou have sent ?I might have thrown, thou hadst thrown, let him throw; wewould throw, ye will throw, let them throw : will ye throw ?I shall have nourished, nourish thou, he was nourishing ; we

nourish, ye were nourishing, they will nourish : did we nourish ?I punished, thou mayst have punished, he had punished ; weshould have punished, ye punish, they punished : did they

punish?I shall clothe, thou shouldst clothe, he clothed ; we have

clothed, ye will have clothed, they could have clothed : did heclothe ?

I do call, dost thou praise % did he move ? do we send ? wedid terrify, (imp.) ; did they punish ?To praise ; to be about to move, (participle nom.. masc. sing.) ;to have led; of calling ; by sending ; to lead, (supine,) 162, 14.I was about to praise, (part, masc), thou mayst be about to call,(part, fern.), he will be about to lead; we may have been aboutto throw, (part. masc). ye are about to punish, (part, fern.), theywould have been about to clothe, (part. neut.).

PASSIVE VOICE.Note.In the following exercises the participles are to be

put in the masculine gender unless it is otherwise directed.I am praised, thou wast praised, he will be praised ; we may

be praised, ye had been praised, tney were praised ; were theypraised ?


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27I was changed, (imp.), thou wilt be changed, he had beenchanged ; we would have been changed, ye have been changed,they will be changed : wilt thou be changed ?I shall be called, thou wilt have been called, he may be call-ed ; we would be called, ye are called, they should have been

called : shall I be called ?I have been filled, thou wilt be filled let him be filled ; we

shall have been filled, ye may be filled, they are filled : werethey filled ?

I had been moved, be thou moved, he will have been moved ;we were moved, (per/), ye should have been moved, they maybe moved: had I been moved?

I may be terrified, thou couldst be terrified, he was terrified,(imp.) ; we would be terrified, ye will be terrified, they were ter-rified, (perf.) : were they terrified ? (per/.).

I might be led, thou wast led, (imp.), he has been led ; weshould have been led, be ye led, they had been led : has hebeen led?

I should have been sent, thou art sent, will he be sent? wehave been sent, ye might be sent, let them be sent.

I would have been thrown, thou mayst be thrown, is hethrown ? we shall be thrown, ye might have been thrown, theyare thrown.

1 shall have been nourished, be thou nourished, he was nour-ished, (imp.) ; we might be nourished, ye had been nourished,will they be nourished ?

I could be punished, thou art punished, he would have beenpunished; we shall be punished, were ye punished? (perf.),they are punished.

I may have been clothed, thou wilt have been clothed, hewTas clothed, (imp.), we had been clothed, can ye be clothed?they might have been clothed.Am I called? art thou moved? is he changed? were ye led?(perf.) ; had ye been nourished ? have they been punished ?To be praised, to be about to be moved, to have been led ;sent or being sent, (fart. sing, masc); to be punished, (part,nom. plur. masc), called, (fern sing. ace).

162, 15. I ought to be praised, (masc), thou deservedst tobe called, (fern.), he has deserved to be sent; we may deserveto be praised, (fern.).

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES.They will praise, I am changed, ye call ; we are filled, ye

will have been moved, he leads.We are terrified, they send, thou wilt be nourished, ye were; punished, (imp.), I throw; they will have been clothed.


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28Be thou called, he may change, I have praised, I will fill, yewere clothed, (perf.), be ye filled.Let him be praised, I am nourished, thou art clothed, he leads,we shall have been nourished, they will change.We were sent, (imp.), they had been terrified, I lead, he will

be filled, we shall have been clothed, I am led. am I sent ?Thou art called, ye might have been nourished, he sends, theyfill, we might have been led, did ye call? (imp.).We have been clothed, thou wast praised, thou leadest, lethim be sent, lead ye, they should be punished.

t may move, they may be filled, he is nourished, thou sendest,we shall have led, ye nourish.Let them be filled, 1 did praise, (perf), have we been terri-

fied, be ye clothed, they might have been sent, we shallchange.He would be terrified, I was praising, they have been send-ing, we have been led, ye will be punished, we had filled.

PARTICLES.Grammar 190, 195, 198, 199.

The following English sentences are intended as exercises onthe definitions of adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and inter-jections. The questions are : What particle or particles do youfind in this sentence % What kind of particle is ? (naming it.)Why is it an adverb, etc. ?If an adverb : To which class ofadverbs does it belong? See Gr. 191: and, What does itmodify ? If a preposition : Of what words does it express therelation'?If a conjunction: What does it connect? and, Towhich class of conjunctions does it belong?

John writes well. The birds fly swiftly.James is very sick. He walks very slowly.The steamer passes swiftly through the waves.war greatly to be dreaded !He was equally loved and respected.Virtue is lost neither by shipwreck nor by fire.The earth revolves around the sun.Civil wars are most pernicious.1 will write to you from Rome.He sees, but does not perceive.If the sky falls, we shall catch larks.I know not whether he will come.He is now here, but will soon go away.Why is it cold in winter ?Let Stoics determine, whether pain is an evil.


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29

Fart II.NOUNS

Directions.In translating the following English, phrasesinto Latin it is to be observed,

1st. That of, for, to, and by are to be expressed in Latin, notby corresponding particles, but by the termination of the casesof which they are the sign, viz. of by the genitive, to and for bythe dative, and by by the ablative.

2d. That from is expressed by a, if the word following it be-gins with a consonant, but by ab, if it begins with a vowel : asa stellis, from the stars ; ab insula, from the island.

3d. That with and in are expressed respectively by cum and inwith the ablative ; into, by in with the accusative, and bywith the vocative.

4th. That, as the Latin has no articles, a or an and the cannotbe expressed in Latin.FIRST DECLENSION.. Translate the following English phrases into Latin, puttingeach noun into its proper case and number.

In the hall.Of care.To a helmet.Into the island.O muse !With arrows.Of Midas.Comets, nom.By the north-wind.

Of doves.For boats.Spears, ace.O nightingalesBy a machine.Into an abridgment.For a turban.O son-of- Priam!Altars, ace.

SECOND DECLENSION.In the mind.For a shield.O masterNumbers, nom.For gardens.O swansOf Bacchus.A father-in-law. ace."Wild-boars, nom.Into the caves.Bocks, ace.O defenceO Virgil!

3*

Of a raven.A sword, ace.In a grove.Of rivers.Into the clouds.From the rocks.O boys!For the evening.By workmen.By war.For examples.Of sceptres.Of the Greeks.


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30To the gods.Lyres.For a sword.To the ravens.O river!In the groves.For a son-in-law.Into the groves.In the field.Of the fields.To a lord.By gold.

O son!Alpheus. ace.O shieldFor the fingers.Of the son.By the wind.To the fields.O sonsIn the fields.Into the field.Of a son-in-law.Of the wind.

THIRD DECLENSION.Flowers.Reeds.For a boat.Trees.Of the mouth.Into the clouds.Of a crown.Peacocks.In order.To the Anio.Into the Anio.O consuls !Into the prison.In a prison.From the rivers.A cup. ace.To Jupiter.To the heart.Males.Of a vessel.O guests !From the fir-trees.Hostages.

Of reason.With flesh.In peace.O spring.For a reward.With the bones.Peace, ace.For a seat.Images.To Apollo.Milk. ace.Animals.In the cup.Of honey.Showers, ace.Corn. plur.With strength.Piety, ace.By sureties.Of ducks.Of a bird.Rest. ace.To heirs.

Of brass.Into the dust.O birds!A helmet, ace.For grand-children.Into the tree.O the times !Anvils.For the country.Into the earth.BeamsFor the forehead.Leaves.Of the cuckoo.For an old-man.In the night.

To Ceres.To the prince.In the dust.Romans.Honors.Of keepers.With disgrace.In safety.Of a crane.By fraud.In winter.Of princes.Voices, ace.The thumb, ace.Snows.O kins!


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31Into the Tiber.In the sea.With oxen. *~>Thirst, ace.In the country.Of oxen.A hero. ace.To poetry.Into the air.Into the country.Prisons.Into the cup.O Jupiter!By piety.For the males.By hostages.The fir-trees.For the beams.Of the voices.From the forehead.From the country.Of the oxen.With lamps.O Romans !For the anvils.In the towers.

From a seat.Of birds.For swine.Into a tower.Of mountains.Of a cloak.Lamps, ace.O OrpheusOf speech.In speech.In the river.Of corn.Hearts.Ducks, ace.For the guests.By the birds.Of the helmet.In time.From the leaves.In the earth.Of the night.The heroes, ace.Ceres, ace.With honor.The prince, ace.Safety, ace.

FOURTH DECLENSION.Of a song.In the waves.Spits, ace.Into my house.Of a house.Of the knee.By the senate.The fruits of summer.By the fruits.

For a chariot.O grief!The ice {ace) of winter.For the tribes.For the knees.The motion of the wavesOf the horns.Armies.By the waves.

FIFTH DECLENSION.The common-people, ace.By days.Hopes ace.In the "day.To the common-people.O. faith !From the common-people.By faith.

Of faith.For things.Faces.From the face.By my faith.In hope.In his face.For his face.


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32Translate the following Latin nouns into English :Aulae. gen. In galeam. In insulis.Curat. O musae Machinae. dat.Ab aris. Columbarum. A cymba.Hastse. gen. Lusciniae. dat. Sagittas.Epitomes. Midae. dat. Tiarae. gen.Priamlden. Borea. Epitoinen.Anlmi. gen. Corvorum. Clypeo. dat.Gladiorum. Domini, voc. In lucis.Numerorum. In fluviis. Horto. dat.Nimbos. Cycnum. Scopuli. voc.Puerorum. Socero. dat. Apros.In antris. Bellorum. A saxis.Exempla. Praesidio. dat. Sceptri.Virgilii. Danaum. Gr. $ 53. A diis.Ofilii! Barbita. nom. Deorum.Floris. Rationes. Cum arundlne.Carni. In lintribus. Veris.Ab arbSre. Mercedem. Ab ejus ore.In ossa. In nubibus. In pace.Diademati. In sedilibus. Pavones.Imaginis. Ordlnum. Apollinem.In Aniene. A consulibus. Animali. dat.In domum. In Anienem. In vere.In carceribus. Cum melle. In flumine.Imbris. Crateris. Farris.Jovem. Roboris. In meo corde.Pietate. Marem. Vadlbus. dat.Vasa. Anates. Cum hospilibusAlitibus. Quietis. Obsldis.Heredum. In pulvere. Casside.Quiritium. Cum nepote. Ab arboribus.Cantu. Curms. A fluctibus.In luctu. Cum veriibus. In mea domo.Plebis. Fidem. Faciei, gen.

ADJECTIVES AND NOUNSTo be translated into Latin :

A good boy. nom.Of avaricious men.From a high rock.A rough beard, ace.O wretched fortuneWith ill health.Another time. ace.Penelope alone. nor>To each pole.

Of faithful friends.For kind mothers.With a full hand.A full voice, nom.Of tender grass.Sacred temples, ace.No letter, nom.Of any fountain.Other books, nom.


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33Sharp vinegar.A celebrated monument.Woody places, nom.In a short time.Sweet fields.With a heavy burden.In deeper water.A more cruel war.In happier ages.Daring deeds.To the huge CyclopsDull weapons.From more capacious cups.A more cruel mind. ace.With a very loud voice.A very celebrated event, nom.Most magnificent gifts.With better fortune.

Of a cheerful mind.In a healthy place.By a winged dove.Cruel tyrants, ace.O brave breastsOf all men.Of a shorter life.To sweeter fountains.With many words.Happy men.Of the cunning Ulysses.In rich fields.Dearest friends, aceO most merciful judge !Of a milder punishment.In very difficult times.In a very r igh place.A very worthless man. nom.

To be translated into EnglishBone puerAltas rupes.Benignse matri.Asperam barbam.Miseras fortunae gen.iEgrae valetudinis.Alii tempori.Penelope solas, dot.Utriusque poli.

Fid is amicis. dat.Plenas manus.Avaro homlni.Libera voce.A tenero gramme.Sacro templo. dat.Nulla? literas. nom.In ullo fonte.Alterorum librdrum.

Acris aceti.Celebris monumenti.In silvestn loco.Breve tempus.In dulci arvo.Fortium pectorum.Gravia onera.In altiorem aquam.Crudelioris belli.Dulcion fonti.Felciora saecula.Feliclbus viris. dat.In divlte agro.Cum caris amicis.Capacis scyphi.A crudeli animo.O clementissimi judlces !Cum voce altisslmaIn temporibus difficillimis.Cum donis magnificis.In superiorem locum.Cum bona forluna.Dulce mel.

Alacrcs animi.Salubria loca.In silvestrem locum.Volucris columbae.In dulcia arva.Cum forti peclore.Omnes homines.Breviores vilae.In crudelissimo bello.In dulcem fontem.Cum multis verbis.Hebetlbus telis. abl.A divitibus agris.Carissimo amlco. dat.In capacisslmis scyphis.A crudelissimo tyranno.Vox altaCeleberrimae res.In tempore difficiliore.Dona magnificentisslma.In summis locis.Acri aceto abl.Dulcisslme amice.


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34

PRONOUNS.Translate into Latin :

Of me.From me.To themselves.Itself.For me.To him.

With thee.Of us.From themselves.From herself.For himself.With her.To this man.In those places.Into the same places.In the same war.To whom. sing.Of whom. fern. plur.From which, plur.Who ? rnasc. sing.To some-one.For each boy.

From that woman.With, these books.To the same friend.From the same field.For whom. plur.With whom. phir.What man ? nom.To what woman?From some-one. masc.From each girl.

Translate into English :Mihi. Tibi. Nobis.Nos. nom. Vos. ace. Nos ace.Sibi. dat. plur. Secum. plur. 133. R. 4. A te.Illi. dat. fern. Ab illis. Vestrum.Illi homini.Hanc matrem.Ilia crudelia bella.Jstarum rerum.Istius veris.In iis locis.In easdem aulas.Ipsa puella.Ipsorum hominum.Cui hormni?Cum illo viro.Ab eodem loco.In eandem partem.Ab his regnis.Cum istoc sene.Istos mores.

Huic femTnae.Hos patres.Illorum temporum.Isti homines.Ab eo monte.In ea loca.Eidem matri.In eundem fluvium.Cum diis ipsis.Quarum rerum.O mi filiIstis pueris. dat.In hac palude.Cum iis amicis.In eadem loca.Istis morlbus.


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35

VERBSSUM AND ITS COMPOUNDS.

We are.Ye will be.Thou hast been.They had been.I shall have been.He was.Thou wouldst be.Thou canst.I may be able.

Translate into Latin :He would be.They may be.She may have been.We would have been.Be ye.To be about to be.To profit.I have been able.To have been able.

FIRST CONJUGATION.He accuses.I was building.Thou hast ploughed.They had condemned.We shall have wandered.Ye might have dwelt.He has given.Thou mightst have helped.They have been killed.They have stood.Ye may have forbidden.It may be folded.Thou abhorrest.He has despised.Ye will dislike.I may endeavor.He may have delayed.Rejoice ye.

I may be invited.Thou hast been praised.I shall be freed.We are reconciled.Let them be slain.About to be sacrificed, masc. singI had tamed.To have washed.We shall have been surrounded.It thunders.We had drunk.Thou hast been tamed.He was flattering.We had helped.They will have accompanied.Thou wouldst blame.We might have ruled.To be about to buy. fern.

SECOND CONJUGATION.I restrained.Thou wast coveting.He had grieved.I have dared.Thou wilt increase.Beware thou.I have been taught.Thou hadst been moved.He will be soothed.It pleased.It may be clear.It may have behooved.I was fearing.Thou hast confessed.He declared.

We may want.Ye might flourish.They may have had.Ye will have blotted-out.Ye were favoring.They will weep.We shall be held.Ye are admonished.They may have been seen.It has been lawful.It behooved, per/.May it be lawful.We may deserve.Ye would pity.They would have promised.


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36THIRD CONJUGATION.

I have driven.Thou nourishest.He had strangled.1 had taken.Thou wast plucking.He has yielded.Shall I consult?Dost thou believe ?Could he desire?Lead thou.Say thou.Do thou.To strikeTo have joined.To be about to hurt.I had been sought.Thou hast been ruled.He had been loosed.I was led.Thou hast been taken.She might have been sent.I was growing young.Thou hast grown old.He may have fallen asleep.I have obtained.Thou mayst be angry.He will have spoken.

We shall drink.Ye will have fallen.They were singing.We might decree.Ye may have girded.They would have shut.Have we lived ?Could ye have said ?Can they have learned ?Let them feign.Flee ye.Let them cast.To be loved.To have been left.To be about to be placed.We may have been despised.Ye will be taken away.They will have been beaten.Thou mayst be destroyed.They have been deceived.Ye may have been known.We should have become silent.Ye will grow richThey would grow dull.We should have obtained.Ye may have forgotten.They suffer.

FOURTH CONJUGATION.I was sleeping.Thou art mad.He had keptI have drawn.Thou speakest foolishly.He may have obeyed.I have been keptThou wast instructed.He is entangled.I have been Haltering.He had tried.Thou wilt assent.

We will finish.Ye will have served.They have instructed,We should have felt.Ye would come.Bind ye.We may be crownedYe would have been bound.Let them be punished.They may have led.We should have begun.Ye would obtain.

IRREGULAR VERBS.I may wish.Thou hadst wished.He was wishing.To bear.Bear thou.To have borne.Made, liom.plar. neut.

We shall be unwilling.Ye are more willing.To have been more williiTo be about to bear,Borne.To be borne.To be about to be made.


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37About to be made. nam. sins-fern. Let them be made.To have been made. It had been made.Going, ace. sing. masc. 1 was going.Of going. We went.He goes. Ye may go.I shall hate. Ye remember.To hate. They were saying.We began. Say thou.

Translate into English :-Eris. Sumus. Fuit. Fuerunt.Fuero. Sitis. Essen t. Estis.Essemus. Esto. 2dpers. Este. Fuissemus.Futura esse. Foret Fore. Prodest.Profuit. Prodessem. Prosunt. Prosint.Possumus. Poteramus. Potui. Posse.

Accusant. JEd ificant. A rat.Damnaverunt Errabam. Habitabit.Jnvitabit. Laudabitur. Liberata es.Conciliati sumus. Mactabant. Sacrificabit.Dederunt. Domui. Juvatura es.Lavant. Necabantur. Circumdatus.Steterant. Tonant. Vetuit.Potavit. Domuit. Plicabat.Abominantur. Adulatur. Aspernaris.Auxiliamur. Aversantur. Comitamlni.Conemur. Criminabaris. Cunctatur.Dominabitur. Laelatus est. Laetati essemus.Coerceor. Avemus. Doluere.Egebamus. Floruerunt. Habuissent.Ausa es. Auxerunt. Cavebant.Delebit. Favete. Flerunt. 162. 7Doclse eratis. Moti sunt. Mulcebit.Tenentur. Admoneris. Visa erat.Veremini. Confitebaris. Professi erant.Acti erant. AlTtis. Angor.Biberunt. Bibite. Bibisse.Cadcre. inf. Cadentem. Casus.Canis. Ceclnit. Canendo.Ceperunt. Capienda. Capient.Cesserunt. Cedentes. Cedam.Cincta est. Cingeretur. Cinxere.Clausae sunt. Claudenda. Clauduntur.Credidit. Credite. Credidimus.Cupis. Cuperent. Cupientes.Dictu. Die. Dicebatur.Ducerentur. Duxit. Due.Faciam. Fac. Fecit.Fingens. Finxit. Finguntur.Jactus. Jecit. Jacere.Junge. JungSbat. Jungunt.


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38Quaerendo. Quae rant. Qusesitiirus.Juvenescit. Juvenuit. Senesdmus.Conticescam. Conticuit. ConticuissentAdipiscantur. Adipiscendi.g-er. Adepti.Loquuntur. Locuta est. Loquentes.Oblita est. Passi sunt. Nactus sum.Dormiunt. Custodiant. Finivit.Servivisti. Servirem. Servissem.Hauriuntur. HausTmus. Hauserant.Obediebam. Obedientera. Obediturus.Venisse. Venire. Vinxerit.Puniit. Punlto. Vinciatur.Vis. Voluisti. Velis.Nolumus. Malunt. Nolite.Ferimini. ind. Latus sim. Latum iri.Fit. Factum est. Faciendus.Ibat. Ibifmus. Ivero.Oderunt. Coepisti. lnquiunt.


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ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS.a active.adj adjective.adv adverb.c common gender.dep. ... deponent.f. osfern. ...feminine.imp imperfect.impers impersonal.irr irregular.m. or masc... masculine.

w. or neut..neuter.num. numeral.part participle.pass passive.per/. perfect.plur plural.prep preposition.pron pronoun. .substantive.sing. . . singular.

Gr. Andrews and Stoddard's Grammar.

A or an, see p. 29, note 4th.Abhor, v. a., abominor, dri.Able, (to be), v. n., possum, posse.

Gr. 154, R. 6.About to be, see sum and fore : and

Gr. 153, 154, 3.Abridgment, s., epitome, es. Gr. 45.Accompany, v. a., eomxtor, dri.Accuse, v. a., accuso, are.Admonish, v a , admoneo, ere.Age, s., seculum, i.Air, 5., aer, aeris.All, adj., omnis, e.Alone, adj , solus, a, um. Gr. 107.Alpheus, s., Alpkeos, i. Gr. 54.Altar, s. f am,


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40Better, adj., melior. Gr. 125, 5.Beware, v. n., caveo, ere.Bind, v. a., vincio, ire.Bird, s., ales, itis, or avis, is.Blame, v. a., crimhior, dri.Blot-out, v. a., deleo, ere.Boat, s., linter, tris, or cymba, ce.Book, s., liber, bri.Bone, s., os, ossis.Boy, 5., puer, iri.Brass, s., as, ceris.Brave, adj., fortis, e.Breast, s., pectus, oris.Build, v. a. t cedifico, are.Burden, s., onus, iris.Buy, v. a., mercor, dri.By, prep., a sign of the ablative in

Latin. Gr. 37.

C.

Call, v. a., voco, are.Can, v. n., possum, posse. Gr. 154,R.6.

Care, s., cura, ce.Capacious, adj., capax, dcis.Cast, v. a., jacio, ere.Cave, *., antrum, i.Celebrated, adj., celiber, bris, bre.Ceres, s., Ceres, eris.Certain-one, pron., quidam. Gr.

$ 13S, 5.Change, v. a , muto, are.Chariot, s , currus, Us.Cheerful, adj., aldcer, eris, ere.Cloak, s., chlamys, ydis.Clothe, v. a., vestio, Ire.Cloud, s., nubis, is, or nimbus, i.Come, v. n., venio, Ire.Comet, s., comites, ce. Gr. 45.Common-people, s , plebs, plebis.Condemn, v. a , damno, are.Confess, v. a., confiteor, eri, or profi-

teor, eri.

Consul, s., consid, ulis.Consult, v. a , consulo, ere.Corn, s., far, farris.Country, s., rus, ruris.Covet, v. a., aveo, ere.Crane, s., grus, gruis.Crown, v. a., redimio, Ire.Crown, s., diadema, dtis.Cruel, adj., crudelis, e.Cuckoo, .


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41

Each, adj., uterque, utriusque. Gr. 107 : or umisquisque. Gr. 138, 4.

Earth, s., tellus, itris.Endeavor, v. n., conor, dri.Entangle, v. a., impedio, ire.Evening, s., vesper, eris or eri.Event, n., res, rei.Example, s., exemphim, i.

F.Face, s., facies, ei.Faith, s , fides, ei.Faithful, adj., fidus, a, um.Fall, v. n., cado, ere.Fall-asleep, v. n., abdormisco, ere.Father-in-law, s., socer, 2ri.Favor, v. n.,faveo, ere.Fear, v. a. , vereor, eri.Feel, v. a , sentio, ire.Feign, v. a., Jingo, ere.Flatter, v. a., adulor, dri, or blandior,

iri.Flee, v. n., fugio, ere.Flesh, s., caro, camis.Flourish, v. n., floreo, ere.Flower, s., flos, floris.Field, s., ager, gri, or arvttm, i.Fill, v. a., compleo, ere.Finish, v. a., finio, ire.Fir-tree, s., abies, etis.Fold, v. a., plico, are.For, prep., a sign of the dative in

Latin. Gr. $ 37.Forbid, v. a., veto, are.Force, s., vis, vis.Forehead, s., frons, tis.Forget, v. a , obliviscor, i.Fortune, s., fortuna, ce.Fountain, s., fons, tis.Fraud, s., fraas. dis.Free, adj., liber, era, erum.Free, v. a., libero, are.

4*

Friend, *., amicus, i.From, prep., a or ab. Gr. 195, R. 2.Frost, s.,gelu, its.Full, adj., plenus, a, um.

G.Garden, s., hortus, i.Gift, s., donum, i.Gird, v. a., cingo, ere.Give, v. a., do, dare.Go, v. n., eo, ire. Gr. 1S2.God, s., deus, i.Good, adj., bonus, a, itm.Grandchild, s., nepos, otis.Grass, s., gramen, hits.Greeks, s., Danai, drum or um.Grief, s., luctus, us.Grieve, v. n., doleo, ere.Grove, s., lucus, i.Grow-dull, v. n., hebesco, ere.Grow-old, v. n., senesco, ere.Grow-rich, v. n., ditesco, ere.Grow-young, v. n., juvenesco, ere.Guest, s. } hospeSf Uis.

H.Hall, s., aula, ce.Hand, s., manus, us.Happy, adj., felix, icis.Hate, v. a., odi. Gr. \ 183.Have, v. a., habeo, ere.Health, s., valetudo, inis.Healthy, adj., saluhris, bre.Heart, s., cor, cordis.Heavy, adj., gravis, e.Heir, s., heres, edis.Helmet, s., cassis, idis, or galea, as.Help, v. a., auxilio'-, dri, or juvo, are.Her, see hie and ille.Hero, s, heros, dis.Herself, pron., see sui and ipse.High, adj., altus, a, um, or stipencs,

a, um.


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42Him, pron., see hie and Me.Himself, pron., see sui and ipse.Hinder, v. a., impedio, ire.His, pron., ejus, see is.Hold, v. a., teneo, ere.Home, s., domus, us.Honey, s., mel, mellis.Honor, s., honos, oris.Hope, s., spes, ei.Hostage, s., obses, idis.House, s., domus, us or i.Huge, adj., ingens, tis.Hurt, v. a., Icedo, ere.

I.

If-any-one, pron., siquis. Gr. 138.Ill, adj., ceger, gra, grum.Image, s., imago, hiis.In, prep., in. ,Increase, v. a., augeo, ere.Instruct, v. a., erudio, Ire.Into, prep., in.Invite, v. a., invito, are.Is, v. n., see sum.Island, s., insula, ce. * ,It behooves, v. impers., oportet. It is

clear, liquet. It is lawful, licet.It pleases, libet.It repents, pee-nitet.

Itself, pron., see sui and ipse.

J.

Join, v. a., jtmgo, ire.Judge, *., judex, lets..Jupiter, s., Jupiter, Jovis. Gr. 71.

K.Keep, v. a., custodio, ire.Keeper, s., custos, odis.Kill, v. a , neco, are.Kind, adj., benignus, a, um.King, s., rex, regis.

Knee, s., genu, us.Know, v. a., cognosco, ere.

L.Lamp, s., lampas, adis.Lead, v. a., duco, ere.Leaf, s., frons, frondis.Learn, v. a., disco, ere.Leave, v. a., relinquo, ere.Lest-any, pron., nequis. Gr. $ 138.Letter, s., litira, ce.Lie, v. n., mentior, iri.Life, s., vita, ce.Live, v. n., vivo, ire, or dego, ere.Loose, v. n., solvo, ere.Loud, adj., altus, a, um.Love, v. a., diligo, ire.Lyre, s., barbiton, i. Gr. $ 54.

M.Machine, s., machina, ce.Mad, (to be), v. n., insanio, ire.Made, (to be), v. pass., fio, eri.Magnificent, adj., magnificus, a, um.Male, s., mas, maris.Man, s., homo, inis, or vir, i.Many, adj., multus, a, um.Master, s., dominus, i.Me, pron., me, see ego.Merciful, adj., clemens, tis.Midas, s., Midas, ce. Gr. $ 45.Mild, adj., mitis, e.Milk, s., lac, lactis.Mind, s., animus, i.Monument, 5., monumentum, i.More, adj., plus, pluris. Gr. 125, 5,and 110.

Mother, s., mater, tris.Mountain, s., mons, tis.Mouth, s., os, oris.Move, v4 a., moveo, ire.Muse, s., musa, ce.My, pron., meus, a, um.


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43N.

Night, s., nox, noctis.Nightingale, s., luscinia, ce.No, adj., nullus, a, zim.North-wind, s., Boreas, ce. Gr. $ 45.Nourish, v. a., alo, ere, or nutrio, ire.Num, interrog. adv., denotes a ques-

tion. See p. 25.Number, s., numerus, i.

0.0! interj., 0/Obey, v. a., obedio, ire.Obtain, v. a., adipiscor, i, potior, iri,or nanciscor, i.

Of, prep., a sign of the genitive.Gr. S 37.

Old- man, s , senex, senis.Order, s., ordo, xnis.Orpheus, s., Orpheus, i.Other, adj., alter, era, irum.Ox, *., bos, bovis.

P.Peace, s., pax, pads.Peacock, s., pavo, onis.Penelope, s., Penelope, es. Gr. 44.Piety, s., pietas, dtis.Pity, v. a., misereor, iri.Place, s., locus, i. Gr. 92, 2.Place, v. a., pono, ere.Plough, v. a., aro, are.Pluck, v. a., earpo, ire.Poetry, s., poisis, is.Pole, *., pokes, i.Praise, v. a , laudo, are.Prefer, v. a , malo, malle. Gr. 178, 3,Prince, s., princeps, xpis.Prison, s., career, eris.Profit, v. a., prosum, prodesse. Gr.

154, 5.Promise, v. a , polliceor, iri.

Punish, v. a., punio, ire.Punishment, s , pana, ce.

R.Raven, s., corvus, i.Reason, *., ratio, onis.Reconcile, v. a., concilia, are.Reed, s., arundo, \nis.Rejoice, v. n., lector, dri.Retnember, v. a., memini. Gr. 183.Rest, s., quies, itis.Restrain, v. a., coirceo, ire.Reward, s., merces, idis.Rich, adj., dives, itis.River, s., Jluvius, ii, or flumen, xnis.Rock, s., rupes, is, scopulus, i, orsaxum, i.

Roman, s , Quiris, itis.Rough, adj., asper, era, erum.Rule, v. a., rego, ere, or dominor, dri.

S.Sacred, adj., sacer, era, crum.Sacrifice, v. a., sacrifico, are.Safety, s , solus, utis.Same, pron., idem. Gr. 134, R. 6.Say, v. a., dico, ere, aio, or inquam.

Gr. 183.Sceptre, s., sceptrum, i.Sea, s., mare, is.Seat, s., sedile, is.See, v. a , video, ire.Seek, v. a., qucero, ere.Senate, s , sendtus, us.Send, v. a., mitto, ere, orjacio, ere.Serve, v a., servio, ire.Sharp, adj., acer, cris, ere.Shield, s., clypeus, i.Short, adj., brevis, e.Shower, s , imber, bris.Shrub, s., virgultum, i.Shut, v. a., claudo, ere.Sing, v. a., cano, ere.


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44Slay, v. a., macto, are.Sleep, v. n., dormio, 're.Snow, s., nix, nivis.Soothe, v. n., mulceoy ere.Some-one, pron., aliquis. Gr, 13S.Son, s., Jilius, ii.Son-of-Priam, s., Priamldes. Gr.$ 145.

Song, s., cantus, us.Sought, see seek.Speak, v. a., loquor, i.Speak-foolishly, v. a., effiUio, Ire.Spear, s., hasta, ce.Spit, s., veru, us.Spring, s., ver, veris.Stand, v. n., sto, are.Strangle, v. a , ango, he.Strength, s., robur, oris.Strike, v. a., ico, he.Suffer, v. a., patior, i.Surety, s., vas, vadis.Surround, v. a., circumdo, are.Swan, s., cycnus, i.Sweet, adj., dulcis, e.Swine, s., sits, suis.Sword, s., gladius, ii.

T.Take, v. a , capio, ere.Take away, t>. a., sustollo, ire.Tame, v. a., domo, are.Teach, v. a., doceo, ere.Temple, s., templum, i.Tender, adj., tener, era, erum.Terrify v. a., terreo, ere.The, see p. 29, note 4th.Thee, pron., see tu.Them, pron., see Me, hie, and is.Themselves, pron., see sui and ipse.Thing, *., res, rei.Thirst, 5., skis, is.This, pron., hie, or istic.Thumb, s., pollex, icis.Thunder, v. ., tono, are.

Tiber, s., Tiberis, is.Time, s., tempus, oris.To, prep., a sign of the dative.

Gr. 37.Tooth, s ., dens, tis.Tower, *., turris, is.Tree, s., arbos, oris.Tribe, 5 , tribus, us.Try, v. a , experior, Iri.Turban, s., tiaras, ce. Gr. 45.Tyrant, s., tyrannus^ i.

V.Ulysses, *., JJlixes, is.Unwilling, (to be), .., nolo, nolle.

Gr. 178, 2.Us, pron., see ego.

Vessel, s., vas, vasis.Vinegar, s., acetum, i.Virgil, s., Virgilius, ii.Voice, s., vox, vocis.

W.Wander, v. n., erro, are.Want, v. n , egeo, ire.War, 5., bellurn, i.Was, v. n., see sum.Wash, v. a., lavo, are.Water, s., aqua, ce.Wave, s., fluctus, i.Weapon, s., telwn, i.Weep, v. n., fieo, ere.Were, v ., see sum.What? pron., see quis.Whom, pron , see qui.Whomsoever, pron., quicumque. Gr.

137.Wild-boar, n., aper,pri.Willing, (to be), v. n, volo, velle.

Gr. 178, 1.


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45Winged, adj., volucer, cris, ere.Winter, *., hiems, emis.Wish, v. n., volo, velle. Gr. 178, 1.With, prep., cum.Woody, adj., silvestris, e.Word, s.} verbum, i.

Workman, 5., faber, bri.Worthless, adj., nequam. Gr. 125, 5.Wretched, adj., miser, era, erum.

Y.Yield, v. it ., cedo, ere.


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LATIN VOCABULARY.

A or ab, prep., from. Gr. 195, R. 2.Abominor, ari, v. dep., to abhor.Abies, elis, fi, a fir-tree.Aeeipiter, tris, m., a hawk.Accuso, are, v. a., to acctcse.Acer, cris, ere, adj.. sharp.Acetum, i, n., vinegar.Adipiscor, i, v. dep., to obtain.Admoneo, ere, v. a., to admonish.Adulor, ari, v. dep., to flatter.jEdes, is, /, a temple.JEdifico, are, v. a, to build.JEger, gra, grurn, adj., ill.Aer, aeris, m., the air.JE.s, aeris, n., brass.

Ager, gri, m., a field.Agrnen, inis, ., a train.Ago, ere, v. a., to drive.Aio, v. defect., to say. Gr. 183.Alacer,cris, ere, adj., active, cheerful.Ales, itis, m. and/, a bird.Aliquis, pron. Gr. 138, some one.Alius, a, ud, adj. Gr. % 107, R. 1,

another.Alo, ere, v. a., to nourish.Alpheos, i, m , the river Alpheus.Alter, era, rum, adj., other.Altus, a, um, adj., high, deep :of thevoice, loud.

Ambo, je, o, adj. Gr 118, 1, both.Amicus, i, m., afriend.Amicus, a, um, adj., friendly.

An, interrogative adverb. It denotesa question, but is not lo be trans-lated.

Anas, anatis, f, a duck.Anceps, Jpitis, adj., doubtful.Anclle, is, n., a shield.Ango, ere, v. a., to strangle.Animal, alis, n., an animal.Animus, i, m., the mind.Anio, en is, m., the river Anio.Antrum, i, ., a cave.Aper, pri, m., a wild-boar.Apex, icis, m , the summit.Apollo, Inis, m., Apollo.Aprilis, is, m., April.Aqua, ae, f, water.Aquilo, onis, m., the north wind.Ara, ae, /., an altar.Arbos, oris, /, a tree.Arundo, inis, /, a reed.Aro, are, v. a., to plough.Arvum, i, n., a field.Asper, era, erum, adj., rough.Aspernor, ari, v. dep., to despise.Assentior, Iri, v. dep., to assent.Ater, tra, tram, adj , black.Atrium, ii, n., an entry.Auceps, ciipis, m., afowler.Audax, acis, adj , daring.Audeo, ere, v. neut. pass. Gr. \ 142,R. 2, to dare.

Audio, ire, v. a., to hear.


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47Augeo, ere, v. a., to increase.Aula, ae, /., a hall.Auster, tri, m., the south wind.Auxilior, ari, v. dep., to help.Avarus, a, urn, adj., avaricious.Aveo, ere, v. a., to covet.Aversor, ari, v. dep., to dislike.Avis, is, f, a bird.Avus, i, m.. a grandfather.

B.Barba, ae., f, the beard.Barbiton, i., n. Gr. 54, a lyre.Bellum, i, n., war.Benignus, a, um, adj., kind.Bibo, ere, v. n., to drink.Bipes, edis, adj., two footed.Blandior, iri, v. dep., to flatter.Bonus, a, um, adj., good.Boreas, ae, m., the north wind.Bos, bovis, c, an ox or cow.Brevis, e, adj., short.Bubo, onis, m., an owl.

C.Cado, ere, v. n , to fall.Caelebs, ibis, adj., unmarried.Calcar, aris, n., a spur.Cano, ere, v. a ,to sing.Cantus, us, m., a song.Capax, acis, adj., capacious.Capio, ere, v. a., to take.Career, eris, m., a prison.Carmen, Inis, n., a song.Caro, nis, /., flesh.Carpo, ere, v. a., to pluck.Carus, a, um, adj., dear.Cassis, ?dis,/, a helmet.Caveo, ere, v. n., to beware.Cedo, ere, v. n., to yield.Celeber, bris, bre, adj., celebrated.Ceres, eris, f, Ceres.Cerno, ere, v. a., to decree.

Chlamys, yd is, /, a cloak.Cingo, ere, v. a., to gird.Cinis, eris, m. and/, ashes,Circumdo, are, v. a., to surround.Clades, is,/, slaughter.Classis, is, /, a fleet.Claudo, ere, v. a., to shut.Clemens, tis, adj., mercifid.Cliens, tis, m., a client.Clypeus, i, m., a shield.Coccyx, ygis, m., a cuckoo.Coepi, v. defective, to begin.Co6rceo, ere, v. a., to restrain.Cognosco, ere, v. a., to know.Columba, as, /., a dove.Comes, itis, c, a companion.Cometes, ae, m., a comet.Comitor, ari, v. dep., to accompany.Compleo, ere, v. a., to fill.Compos, otis, adj., participating i?i.Concilio, are, v. a., to reconcile.Concors, dis, adj., concordant.Confiteor, eri, v. dep., to confess.Conjux, iigis, c, a spouse.Conor, ari, v. dep., to endeavor.Consul, ulis, m., a consul.Consuto, ere, v. a., to consult.Conticesco, ere, v. n., to become silent.Cor, cordis, n., the heart.Comix, icis, /, a crow.Cornu, vis, ., a horn.Corpus, oris, n., a body.Corvus, i, m., a raven.Crastlnus, a, um, adj., tomorrovfs.Crater, eris, m., a cup.Crates, is, f., a htirdle.Credo, ere, v. a., to believe.Crimen, inis, ., an accusation.Criminor, ari, v. dep., to blame.Crudelis, e, adj., cruel.Crux, crucis, f, a cross.Cum, prep., with. Gr. 195, 2.Cunctor, ari, v. dep., to delay.Cupio, ere, v. a., to desire.


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48Cura, ae, /, care.Currus, us, m , a chariot.Cuspis, Idis, /., a spear.Custodio, Ire, v. a., to keep.Custos, odis, c, a keeper.Cyclops, opis, m., a Cyclops.Cycnus, i, m., a sioan.Cymba, ae, f.,a loot.

D.Damno, are, v. a ,to condemn.Danai, orum, m.plur., the Greeks.Dedecus, oris, n., disgrace.Dego, ere, v. a., to live.Deleo, ere, v. a., to blot out.Dens, tis, m., a tooth.Deses, Idis, adj., indolent.Deus, i, m., a god.Diadema, atis, n., a crown.Dico, ere, v. a., to say.Dido, As or onis, f, Dido.Dies, ei, m. and /., a day.Difficilis, e, adj., difficult.Diligo, ere, v. a., to love.Disco, ere, v. a., to learn.Ditesco, ere, v. n., to grow rich.Dives, Itis, adj., rich.Do, are, v. a., to give.Doceo, ere, v. a., to teaeh.Doleo, ere, v. n., to grieve.Domlnor, ari, v. dep., to rule.Doino, are, v. a., to tame.Domus, us or i, f., a house, home.Donum, i, n., a gift.Dormio, ire, v. n., to sleep.Dos, dotis, f., a dowry.Duco, ere, v. a., to lead.Dulcis, e, adj., sweet, kind.Duo, 83, o, adj., two.

Ebur, oris, ., ivory.Ecquis ? pron. Gr. 137, whether any.

Eflulio, Ire, v. a., to speak foolishly.Egeo, ere, v. n., to want.Ego, pron. Gr. 133, I.Eo, ire, v. n., to go.Epigramma, atis, n., an inscription.Epitome, es, f. Gr. 45, an abridg-ment.

Erro, are, v. n., to wander.Erudio, ire, v. a., to instruct.Exemplum, i, n., an example.Exercitus, us, m., an army.Experior, iri, v. dep., to try.

F.

Faber, bri, m., a workman.Facies, ei, f, aface.Faclnus, oris, n., a deed.Facio, ere, v. a., to do.Fallo, ere, v. a., to deceive.Far, farris, n , com.Faveo, ere, v. n., tofavor.Felix, Icis, adj., happy.Fero, ferre, v. a., to bear.Ferrugo, Inis, f, iron.Fides, ei, /., faith.Fidus, a, urn, adj., faithful.Filia, ae, f, a daughter.Filius, ii, m., a son.Fingo, ere, v. a., tofeign.Finio, Ire, v. a , to finish.Fio, eri, v. pass., Gr. 180, to be made.Fleo, ere, v. n., to weep.Floreo, ere, v. n, toflourish.Flos, floris. m., a flower.Fluctus, us, m., a wave.Flumen, Inis, n., a river.Fluvius, ii, m , a river.Focus, i, m., afire place.Foedus, eris, n., a league.Fons, tis, m., a fountain.Forceps, Ipis, m. and/1, pincers.Fore, v. defl Gr. 154, R. 3, to beabout to be.


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49Formldo, Inis, /, fear.Fortis, e, adj., brave.Fortuna, re, f, fortune.Frater, tris, m., a brother.Fraus, fraudis, f, fratid.Frigus, 6ris, n., cold.Frons, dis, f, a leaf foliage.Frons, Xis,f, a forehead.Frux, frugis, f, fruit.Fugio, ere, v. n., to flee.

G.

Galea, se, /, a helmet.Gclu, us, n., frost.Genu, us, n., a knee.Glacies, ei, f, ice.Gladius, ii, m., a sword.Gramen, Inis, n , grass.Grando, Inis, m., hail.Gravis, e, adj., heavy.Grus, gruis, c, a crane.

H.Habeo, ere, v. a., to have.Hablto, are, v. a. and n., to dwell.Haurio, ire, v. a., to draw.Hebes, etis, adj., dull.Hebesco, ere, v. n., to grow dull.Hepar, atis, w., the liver.Heres, edis, m., an heir.Heros, ois, m., a hero.Hie, pron. Gr. 134, this ; he.Hiems, hiemis, /, winter.Homo, Inis, m., a man.Honos, 6ris, m., honor.Hora, re, f.,an hour.Hortus, i, m., a garden.Hospes, itis, ., a guest.Hostllis, e, adj., hostile.

I.

Ico, ere, v. a., to strike.Idem, pron. Gr. 134, 6, the same.II le, pron. Gr. 134, that ; he.Imago, Inis, f, an image.Imber, bris, m., a shower.Imped io, Ire, v. a., to hinder.Incus, udis, f, an anvil.Index, Icis, m., an informer.Iners, tis, adj., sluggish.Ingens, tis, adj., huge.Inquam, v. dep., Isay.Insanio, ire, v. n., to be mad.Insula, 3d, f, an island.Invito, are, v. a., to invite.Ipse, pron. Gr. 135, himself.Iraseor, i, v. dep., to be angry.Is, pron. Gr. 134, he.Iste, -pron. Gr. 134, this or that.Istic, pron. Gr. 134, R. 3, this.

Jacio, ere, v. a., to cast.Judex, Icis, m., ajudge.Jungo, Sre, v. a., to join.Jupiler, Jovis, m., Jupiter.Jus, juris, n., right.Juvenesco, ere, v. n, to grow yowig,Juventus, utis, f, youth.Juvo, are, v. a., to help.

L.Lac, lactis, n., milk.Lacus, us, m., a lake.Lsedo, e>e, v. a., to hurt.Lffitor, ari, v. dep., to rejoice.Latro, orris, m., a robber.Laudo, are, v. a., to praise.Laus, laudis, /., praise.Lavo, are, v. a., to wash.Lebes, etis, m., a caldron.


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50Leo, onis, m., a lion.Lex, legis, f, law.Liber, Sri, m. , Bacchus.Liber, bri, m , a book.Liber, era. erum, adj., free.Libero, are, v. a., to free.Libet, v. impers., it pleases.Licet, v. impers. , it is lawful.Ligneus, a. um, adj , wooden.Li nter, tris,/, a boat.Liquet,, v impers , it is char.Lis, litis, /, strife.Littra,ae, f, a letter.Locus, i, m a place.Longus, a, um, adj., long.Loquor, i, v. dep., to speak.Lucifer, eri, m., the morning-star.Luctus, As, m., giief.Lucus, i, m , a grove.Luscinia, ae , f, a nightingale.Lux, lucis, /, light.

M.Machina, ae, f, a machine.Macto, are, v. a., to slay.Magister, tri, w., a master.Magniflcus, a, um. adj., magnificent.Malo, malle, v. irreg , to prefer.Mantile, is, n., a towel.Manus, As, /., a hand.Mare, is, n , the sea.Mas, maris, m., a male.Mater, tris, f, a mo/her.Maiernus, a, um, adj., maternal.Mel, mellis, n , honey.Memlni, v def, to remember.Memor, oris, adj.. mindful.Mensa, a?, /, a table.Mentior, Iri, v. dep , to lie.Mercor, ari, v dep., to buy.Merccs, edis,/, a reward.Mereor, eri, v- dtp ., to deserve.Messis, is, /, harvest.

Meus, a, um, adj., my.Midas, se, m., Midas.Miles, itis, c, a soldier.Miser, 6ra, erum, adj., wretched.Misereor, eri, v. dtp., to pity.Mitis, e, adj., mild.Mitto, ere, v. a, to send.Mons, tis, m., a mountain.Monumentum, i, n., a monument.Mos, moris, m., a custom.Moveo, ere, v. a., to move.Mulceo, ere, v. a., to soothe.Mulier, eris, f, a vjoman.Munus, eris, n., an office.Muto, are, v. a., to change.

N.Nanciscor, i, v. dep., to obtain.Navis, is,/., a ship.Ne, enclitic conj., denoting a ques-

tion. Gr. 198, R 2.Neco, rre, v. a , to kill.Negotium, ii, n., a business.Nemus, oris, n., a grove.Nepos, otis, m., a grandchild,Nequam, adj. indecl. Gr. 125, 5,worthless.Nequis, pron., lest any.

Niger, gra, grum, adj., black.Nimbus, i, m., a cloud.Nix, nivis,/., snow.Nolo, nolle, v. irreg., to be unwilling.Noster, tra. trum, adj., our.Nox, noctis, /, night.Nubes, is,/, a cloud.Nullus, a, um, adj.. no.Numerus. i, m., a number.Nutrio, Ire, v. a , to nourish.Nutrix, icis, /., a nurse.

O,

Obdormisco, re, v. n., to fall asleep.


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51Obedio, Ire, v. a., to obey.Obliviscor, i, v. dep., to forget.Obses, Idis, c, a hostage.Oceanus, i, m , the ocean.Odi, v. def, to hate.Omnis, e, adj., all.Onager, gri, m., a wild ass.Onus, en's, n., a burden.Oportet, v. dep., it behooves.Oratio, onis,/, speech.Ordior, Iri, v. dep., to begin.Ordo, inis, m., order.Origo, inis, /., origin.Os, oris, n., the mouth.Os, ossis, n., a bone.Ovlle, is, n., a sheep-fold.Ovis, is,/., a sheep.

Palus, udis,/!, a marsh.Paluster, tris, tre, adj., marshy.Pars, parlis, f, apart.Parvus, a, um, adj , small.Pater, tris, m., a father.Patior, i, passus sum, v. dep, h

sufferPauper, en's, adj., poor.Pavo, onis, m ,a peacock.Pax, pacis, /, peace.Pecu, us, n., cattle.Pectus, oris, n., the breast.Pedes, Itis, m., a foot soldier.Pellis, is, /, a skin.Penelope, es, f, Penelope.Penna, 33, f, a feather.Perdo, ere, v. a., to destroy.Pietas, atis, f, piety.Plebs, plebis, f, the common people.Plenus, a, um, adj., full.Plico, are, v. a., to fold.Plus, pluris, adj. Gr. 125, 5, more.-Poema, atis, n., a poem.Poena, ee, f, punishment.

Poenttet, v. impers., it repents.Pollex, Tcis, m., the thumb.Polliceor, eri, v. dep., to promise.Pol us, i, m., the pole.Pono, ere, v . a., to place.Pontifex, icis, m., a high priest.Populus. i, /., a poplar-tree.Possum, posse, potui, v. irreg., to be

able, 1 can.Potior, Iri, v. dep., to obtain.Poto, are, v. a., to drink.Praeceptum, i, n., a precept.Praesidium, ii, n., a defence.Princeps, ipis, m , a prince.Profiteor, eri, v. dep., to confess.Prosum, prodesse, profui, v. irreg.,

Gr. \ 154, 5, to profit.Puella, 33, /, a girl.Puer, i, m., a boy.Pulcher, chra, chrum, adj., beautiful.Pulvlnar, aris, n., a couch.Pulvis, em, m., dust.Punio, Ire, v. a., to putiish.

Q.Quasro, ere, v. a., to seek.Qui, quae, quod, pron., Gr. 136,who.

Quicumque, pron. Gr, 136, who-ever.

Quidam, pron, Gr. 138, 5. a cer-tain one,

Quies, etis,/, rest.Quillbet, pron. Gr. 138, 5, anyone.

Quiris, itis, m., a Roman.Quis, quae, quid, pron. Gr. 137,any one.

Quisnam? pron. Gr. 137, who?Quisque, pron Gr. 135, each.Quisquis, pron. Gr. 136, whoever.Quivis, pron. Gr 138, 5, any one.Quotus, a, um?


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52R.

Ratio, on is, f, reason.Redimio, Ire, v. a., to crown.Regio, onis, f, a region.Regnum, i, n , a kingdom.Rego, ere, v. a., to rule.Relinquo, ere, v. a., to leave.Res, rei, f, a thing, an event.Rete, is, n., a net.Rex, regis, m , a king.Robur, oris, n., strength.Ros, roris, m., dew.Rupes, is, f, a rock.Rus, ruris, n., the country.

S.

Sacer, era, crum, adj., sacred.Sacerdos, otis, c , a priest.Sacrifico, are, v. a., to sacrifice.Sagitta, se, /, an arrow.Salubris, bre, adj., healthy.Salus, utis, f, safety.Sanguis, Inis, m., blood.Saxum, i, n., a rock.Sceptrum, i, n., a sceptre.Schema, atis, ., a shape.Scopillus, i, m., a rock.Scyphus, i, m:, a cup.Seculum, i, n , an age.Sedlle, is, ., a seat.Seges, etis, /, a corn-field.Senatus, us, m., a senate.Senesco, ere, v. n., to grow old.Senex, senis, m., an old man.Senex, senis, adj., old.Sentio, Ire, v. a., to feel.Sermo, onis, m., a speech.Servio, ire, v. n., to 'serve.Silvester, tris, tre, adj., woody.Sinister, tra, trum, adj., left.Si quis, pron. Gr. 138, ifany.Siren, nis, /, a siren.

Sitis, is, /, thirst.Socer, eri, m., a father-in-law.Solers, tis, adj., cunning.Solus, a, urn, adj , alone.Solvo, ere, v. a., to loose.Sornnolentus, a, um, adj., sleepy.Sperno, ere, v. a., to despise.Spes, ei, f, hope.Stella, x,f, a star.Stemma, atis, n., a garland.Stirps, stirpis, f, a stock.Sto, are, v. n , to stand.Sui, pron. Gr. 133, ofhimself.Sum, esse, fui, v. irreg. Gr. 153,

to be.Summus, a, um, adj. Gr. 125, 4,highest, very high.

Supellex, lectilis, /, furniture.Superus, a, um, adj. Gr. 125, 4,high.

Sus, suis, c, a swine.Sustollo, ere, v. a., to take away.

T.Tellus, uris, f, the earth.Telum, i, n., a weapon.Templum, i, n., a temple.Tempus, oris, n., time.Teneo, ere, v. a., to hold.Tener, era, rum, adj., tender.Terreo, ere, v. a., to terrify.Terrestris, tre, adj., terrestrial.Teucer, cri, m., Teucer.Thrax, acis, m., a Thracian.Tiaras, se, m., a turban.Tiberis, is, m., the Tiber.Tibicen, Inis, m., a piper.Titan, anis, m., a Titan.Toga, se, /, a Roma?i gown.Tono, are, v. n., to thunder.Trabs, trabis, f, a beam.Tres, tria, num. adj., three.Tribus, us,/., a tribe.


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53Trochus, i, m., a trundling-hoop.Trojan us, a, um, adj., Trojan.Tu, pron. Gr. 133, thou.Tullius, ii, m., Tully.Tundo, ere, v. a., to beat.Turn's, is, /, a tower.Tyrannus, i, m. } a tyrant.

U.Uber, eris, adj., rich.Ullus, a, um, adj., any.Ulixes, is, m., Ulysses.TJnusquisque, pron. Gr. 138, 4, each.Uterque, utraque, utrumque, adj.,

each.

V.

Valetudo, inis, /, health.Vas, vasis, n., a vessel.Vas, vadis, m., a surety.Venio, Ire, v. n., to come.Ver, veris, n., the spring.Verbum, i, n., a word.Vereor, eri, v. dep. t tofear.

Veru, us, n., a spit.Vester, tra, trum, adj., your.Vestio, ire, v. a., to clothe.Veto, are, v. a., to forbid.Vetus, eris, adj., old.Via, se, f, a way.Video, ere, v. a., to see.Vigil, is, m., a watchman.Viginti, num. adj., twenty.Vincio, ire, v. a., to bind.Vir, viri, m., a man.Virgilius, ii, m., Virgil.Virgo, mis,yi, a virgin.Virgulium, i, n., a shrub.Virtus, utis, /, virtue.Vis, vis, /, force.Vita, se, /, life.Vitis, is, f, a vine.Vivo, ere, v. n., to live.Voco, are, v. a., to call.Volo, velle, volui, v. a. Gr. 178, 1,

to wish.VolQcer, eris, ere, adj., winged.Vox, vocis, /, a voice.Vulpes, is, /., a fox.Vulnus, ris, ., a wound.


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