exercise physiology powerpoint

M. Tupper HFHS 2008M. Tupper HFHS 2008


What is Physiology? What is Physiology?

The study of living processes The study of living processes Understanding how various forms of Understanding how various forms of

life function.life function.


What is Exercise What is Exercise Physiology? Physiology?

The study The study of the of the function of function of the human the human body during body during and in and in response to response to exercise.exercise.


Why is it important we Why is it important we study it? study it?

To better understand the workings of To better understand the workings of an athlete’s body systemsan athlete’s body systems


How can we relate it to our How can we relate it to our area of study? area of study?

We can apply physiological We can apply physiological responses to exercisesresponses to exercises


Our body’s physiology is made Our body’s physiology is made up of a number of 'body up of a number of 'body

systems' of which all play a systems' of which all play a different role in our body’s different role in our body’s physiology during exercise.physiology during exercise.

Muscular SystemMuscular System Nervous SystemNervous System Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System Respiratory SystemRespiratory System Energy SystemEnergy System


Muscular SystemMuscular System

Muscles work by contracting and Muscles work by contracting and relaxing therefore causing relaxing therefore causing movement. movement.

During exercise, muscles are During exercise, muscles are obviously required to contract and obviously required to contract and relax more often.relax more often.


Muscles, which Muscles, which contract to cause contract to cause movement, require movement, require energy in order to energy in order to work. work.

This energy is This energy is quickly used up quickly used up unless oxygen (02) unless oxygen (02) is supplied to the is supplied to the working muscles working muscles via our blood via our blood stream.stream.


Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System

The HeartThe Heart The heart is a muscle that contains four The heart is a muscle that contains four

chambers.chambers. The upper two chambers are called The upper two chambers are called atria atria

and the bottom two are called and the bottom two are called ventricles.ventricles. The heart’s job is to pump blood around The heart’s job is to pump blood around

the bodythe body During exercise, the working muscles During exercise, the working muscles

require more oxygen. This means that require more oxygen. This means that during exercise the heart has to work during exercise the heart has to work faster by beating more times a minute and faster by beating more times a minute and harder by pumping more blood out with harder by pumping more blood out with each beateach beat M. Tupper HFHS 2008M. Tupper HFHS 2008

The Circulatory SystemThe Circulatory System

There are two different circulations of There are two different circulations of blood around the body;blood around the body;– Pulmonary Circulation Pulmonary Circulation – circulation of – circulation of

blood between the heart and lungs – this blood between the heart and lungs – this system takes deoxygenated blood from system takes deoxygenated blood from the body and gives it oxygen from the the body and gives it oxygen from the lungslungs

– Systemic Circulation – Systemic Circulation – circulation of blood circulation of blood between the heart and the body – this between the heart and the body – this system takes oxygenated blood and system takes oxygenated blood and sends it around the body.sends it around the body.


There are 3 main types of blood There are 3 main types of blood

vessels in the human body;vessels in the human body; Arteries – Arteries – thick-walled vessels that carry thick-walled vessels that carry

blood blood away away from the heartfrom the heart Capillaries – Capillaries – thin walled vessels that oxygen thin walled vessels that oxygen

can move through to get to the cells and can move through to get to the cells and carbon dioxide can move into from cells.carbon dioxide can move into from cells.

Veins – Veins – thin walled vessels which carry thin walled vessels which carry blood blood towardstowards the heart – there is no the heart – there is no oxygen in this blood. Because the blood is oxygen in this blood. Because the blood is travelling up towards heart it is fighting travelling up towards heart it is fighting gravity. Valves are located in the veins that gravity. Valves are located in the veins that open and close to keep blood travelling in open and close to keep blood travelling in one direction.one direction.



General functions of General functions of cardiovascular system during cardiovascular system during

exercise:exercise: Redistributes blood from less active Redistributes blood from less active

regions of the body to muscles regions of the body to muscles involved in activityinvolved in activity

Increases the volume of blood Increases the volume of blood pumped out by the heart through an pumped out by the heart through an increased heart rate (HR)increased heart rate (HR)

Buffers and removes waste productsBuffers and removes waste products Aids in temperature regulationAids in temperature regulation


Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

The lungs, mouth, The lungs, mouth, throat and nose throat and nose make up the make up the respiratory system.respiratory system.

The major function The major function of our respiratory of our respiratory system is to bring system is to bring oxygen (O2) into the oxygen (O2) into the body and remove body and remove carbon dioxide (Co2)carbon dioxide (Co2)

How does it work?How does it work?

Oxygen (O2) is inhaled (breathed in) Oxygen (O2) is inhaled (breathed in) down through the down through the bronchibronchi and into and into the the alveoli alveoli of the lungs – from there of the lungs – from there it is transferred into the blood.it is transferred into the blood.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other wastes are transferred from the wastes are transferred from the blood through to the lungs and out of blood through to the lungs and out of the body.the body.


Respiratory system and Respiratory system and exerciseexercise

When exercising, breathing occurs When exercising, breathing occurs faster and more deeply, allowing faster and more deeply, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled and more oxygen to be inhaled and transferred to the blood and muscles transferred to the blood and muscles where the oxygen is used to help fuel where the oxygen is used to help fuel exercise.exercise.



Major functions of the Major functions of the respiratory system during respiratory system during

exercise:exercise: Increase the rate and Increase the rate and

depth of breathingdepth of breathing Increase oxygen (02) and Increase oxygen (02) and

carbon dioxide (C02) carbon dioxide (C02) exchange in the lungsexchange in the lungs

Increase the amount of Increase the amount of oxygen (02) to the oxygen (02) to the muscles per unit of bloodmuscles per unit of blood


Immediate responses to Immediate responses to exercise:exercise:

Cardiac output (CO) Cardiac output (CO)

Increases (the amount of blood Increases (the amount of blood pumped out by the heart per minute)pumped out by the heart per minute)

Stroke volume (SV) Stroke volume (SV)

Increases (volume of blood injected Increases (volume of blood injected into aorta per beat of the heart)into aorta per beat of the heart)


Immediate responses to Immediate responses to exercise:exercise:

Heart rate (HR) Heart rate (HR) Increases (increase due to intensity and Increases (increase due to intensity and workload)workload)

Blood pressure (BP) Blood pressure (BP) IncreasesIncreases

Blood Blood Sent to working musclesSent to working muscles


Long term changes Long term changes to body due to to body due to

training:training:


HeartHeart

Increase sizeIncrease size Increase work capacityIncrease work capacity Resting heart rate gets lowerResting heart rate gets lower Heart rate during exercise gets lowerHeart rate during exercise gets lower Heart rate (after exercising) returns Heart rate (after exercising) returns

to normal fasterto normal faster


Respiratory Respiratory SystemSystem

The lungs can breathe in The lungs can breathe in and out a greater volume of and out a greater volume of air and with it oxygenair and with it oxygen

Increase the amount of Increase the amount of oxygen taken each breathe oxygen taken each breathe and sent to working and sent to working musclesmuscles

Increased blood flow – more Increased blood flow – more blood moving around the blood moving around the body with oxygen attachedbody with oxygen attached

Muscular SystemMuscular System

Muscles get larger and strongerMuscles get larger and stronger Muscles become more flexibleMuscles become more flexible Muscles gain more blood vessels and Muscles gain more blood vessels and

receive more blood and oxygenreceive more blood and oxygen Muscles can store more energyMuscles can store more energy


exercise physiology powerpoint

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