exercise 7 axial skeleton portland community college bi 231
TRANSCRIPT
Exercise 7
Axial Skeleton
Portland Community CollegeBI 231
Bone Landmarks
• All bones possess distinctive landmarks that are designed for specific functions.
• Review table 7.1
Axial Skeleton
• Skull
• Spine
• Thoracic Cage
• Hyoid bone
Frontal BoneFrontal Bone
Frontal Bone
Supraorbital ridge
Frontal BoneFrontal Sinus
Parietal Bone
Parietal Bone
Parietal Bone
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Temporal Bone
Temporal Bone
Mastoid Process
Zygomatic Arch
Mandibular fossa
External Acoustic Meatus
Styloid Process
Temporal Bone
Jugular Foramen
Carotid Canal
Temporal Bone
Temporal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
External occipitalprotuberance
Occipital Condyles
Foramen Magnum
Nuchal lines
Occipital Bone
Coronal Suture
Between the Parietal bones and the Frontal Bone
Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
TemporalBone
Occipital Bone
Squamous Suture
Between the Parietal bone and the Temporal Bone
Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
TemporalBone
Occipital Bone
Sagittal Suture
Parietal Bone
(Right)
Parietal Bone(Left)
Frontal Bone
Occipital Bone
Between the Right and Left Parietal bones
Lambdoid Suture
Between the Parietal bones and the Occipital Bone
Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
TemporalBone
Occipital Bone
CraniumFloor
Anterior Cranial Fossa
Middle Cranial Fossa
PosteriorCranial Fossa
Sphenoid Bone
Greater Wing
Lesser Wing
Sella Turcica
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale Foramen
spinosum
Foramen lacerum
SphenoidBone
Hypophyseal Fossa
Dorsum Sella
Petrous ridge
Internal acoustic canal
Sphenoid Bone Sphenoidal Sinus
Pterygoid Process
Sphenoid BoneLesser Wing
Greater Wing
Pterygoid Process
Medial Pterygoid Plate
Lateral Pterygoid Plate
Ethmoid Bone
Crista Galli
Perpendicular Plate
Ethmoid Bone
Perpendicular Plate
Middle NasalConchae
Ethmoid Bone
Cribriform Plate
Perpendicular Plate
Cristae Galli
Facial Bones
Perpendicular Plate (Ethmoid)
Middle NasalConchae (Ethmoid)
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Vomer
Facial Bones
Zygomatic Bone
Temporal Process
Zygomatic Arch
MaxillaHard Palate
Infraorbital foramen
Alveolar processes
Palatine Bone
Vomer
Mandible
Body
Ramus
Coronoid ProcessMandibular
Condyle
AngleMental Foramen
Alveolar Process
Mandible
Mylohyoid Line Mandibular Foramen
Orbit
Openings
• Foramen rotundum• Foramen lacerum• Foramen ovale• Jugular foramen• Internal acoustic canal• Hypoglossal canal
Sinuses FrontalEthmoid Air Cells
MaxillarySphenoidal
Fetal SkullSuperior View
Fetal Skull
Wormian (Sutural) Bones
Small islands of bone that fill gaps in sutures.
Present in varying amounts
Cervical Spine
• 7 Vertebra
• C1-C7
• Concave Posterior
Thoracic Spine
• 12 Vertebra
• T1-T12
• Convex Posterior
• Attach to the ribs
Lumbar Spine
• 5 Vertebra
• L1-L5
• Concave Posterior
Sacral Spine
• 5 Fused Vertebra
• “Sacrum”
Coccyx
• 4 Fused Vertebra
Sacrum
5 Fused Vertebrae
Sacrum
Sacral Foramina
Sacrum
Sacral Promontory
Typical structure of vertebra
Intervertebral Foraminae
Intervertebral Disk
Annulus Fibrosus
(Fibrocartilage)
Nucleus Pulposus
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
BODY
VertebralForamen
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Transverse Processes
Transverse Foramen
Cervical Vertebrae C1: Atlas
Superior Articular Facet
Cervical Vertebrae C2: Axis
Odontoid Process (Dens)
Cervical VertebraeC1 & C2 Joined Together
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Bifid Spinous Process
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Superior Articular Facet
Superior Articular Process
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Vertebral Arch
Thoracic Vertebrae
Spinous Process
Thoracic Vertebrae
Costal Facets on the Transverse Process (for rib attachment)
Lumbar Vertebrae
BODY
Sacroiliac Joints
Coccyx
4 Rudimentary Vertebrae
Hyoid Bone
Greater HornLesser Horn
BODY
Sternum Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid Process
Sternal Angle
Ribs 1-7: True Ribs
Ribs 8-10: False Ribs
Ribs 11 & 12: Floating Ribs
Costovertebral Angle
Ribs
Ribs Attached to Thoracic Vertebrae
The End