exercise 28 and 29. the male and female reproductive system

EXERCISE # 28 and 29EXERCISE # 28 and 29

The Male and Female Reproductive SystemThe Male and Female Reproductive System

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ORGANS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMORGANS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM1. 1. TestesTestes2.2. System of Ducts System of Ducts– EpididymisEpididymis– Ductus deferensDuctus deferens– Ejaculatory ductsEjaculatory ducts– UrethraUrethra

3. 3. Accessory Sex GlandsAccessory Sex Glands– Seminal vessicleSeminal vessicle– Prostate glandProstate gland– Bulbourethral glandBulbourethral gland

4. 4. Supporting StructuresSupporting Structures– Scrotum – Spermatic cord – Penis Scrotum – Spermatic cord – Penis

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

THE TESTESTHE TESTES

TESTESTESTES

→ → also called also called testiclestesticles..

→ → paired, oval glands in the scrotum.paired, oval glands in the scrotum.

SCROTUMSCROTUM – the supporting structure of the TESTES. – the supporting structure of the TESTES.

It consists of loose skin and subcutaneous layer.It consists of loose skin and subcutaneous layer.

→ → raphe → scrotal septumraphe → scrotal septum

→ → dartos muscle → cremaster muscledartos muscle → cremaster muscle

LAYERS OF THE TESTIS LAYERS OF THE TESTIS

1. 1. Tunica vaginalisTunica vaginalis – partially covers the testis – partially covers the testis

2. 2. Tunica albugineaTunica albuginea – extends inward forming lobules. – extends inward forming lobules.

TESTES AND SCROTUMTESTES AND SCROTUM

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

→ → tightly coiled tubes where sperms are produced.tightly coiled tubes where sperms are produced.

→ → Sperm production is called ___________Sperm production is called ___________

2 TYPES OF CELLS IN THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES2 TYPES OF CELLS IN THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

1. 1. spermatogenic cells spermatogenic cells – sperm-forming cells– sperm-forming cells

2. 2. Sertoli cellsSertoli cells – functions for support– functions for support

*3. *3. Leydig cellsLeydig cells – found in the spaces between adjacent – found in the spaces between adjacent

seminiferous tubules that secretes male hormone.seminiferous tubules that secretes male hormone.

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

PROGRESSION OF SPERMATOGENESIS TOWARDS THE PROGRESSION OF SPERMATOGENESIS TOWARDS THE

LUMEN OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESLUMEN OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

SYSTEM OF DUCTSSYSTEM OF DUCTS

DUCTS OF THE TESTISDUCTS OF THE TESTIS

1. 1. Straight ductsStraight ducts – short ducts that connects the – short ducts that connects the

seminiferous tubules to rete testis.seminiferous tubules to rete testis.

2. 2. Rete testisRete testis – network of ducts in the testis. – network of ducts in the testis.

3. 3. Efferent ductsEfferent ducts – coiled ducts that moves the sperms – coiled ducts that moves the sperms

from the testis to the epididymisfrom the testis to the epididymis

EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMIS

→ → a comma-shaped organ that lies along the posterior a comma-shaped organ that lies along the posterior

border of each testis.border of each testis.

→ → site of site of sperm maturationsperm maturation and and storagestorage..

Ductus EpipidymisDuctus Epipidymis – tightly coiled ducts within the – tightly coiled ducts within the

epididymis.epididymis.

PATHWAY OF SPERMSPATHWAY OF SPERMS

DUCTUS DEFERENS DUCTUS DEFERENS

→ → continuation of the ductus epididymis.continuation of the ductus epididymis.

→ → less convoluted and its less convoluted and its diameter increasesdiameter increases..

spermatic cord → pelvic cavity → ureter → urinary bladderspermatic cord → pelvic cavity → ureter → urinary bladder

AMPULLAAMPULLA – – dilated terminaldilated terminal portion of the ductus portion of the ductus

deferens.deferens.

SPERMATIC CORD SPERMATIC CORD – a supporting structure that contains – a supporting structure that contains

(a) ductus deferens (b) testicular artery (c) testicular veins (a) ductus deferens (b) testicular artery (c) testicular veins

(d) nerves (e) lymphatic vessels (f) cremaster muscle(d) nerves (e) lymphatic vessels (f) cremaster muscle

EJACULATORY DUCTSEJACULATORY DUCTS

→ → formed by the union of the formed by the union of the seminal vessicle ductseminal vessicle duct and and

ampullaampulla

→ → terminates at the terminates at the prostatic urethraprostatic urethra where they eject where they eject

sperm and seminal vesicle secretions.sperm and seminal vesicle secretions.

URETHRAURETHRA

→ → shared terminal duct of reproductive and urinary systemshared terminal duct of reproductive and urinary system

a.) prostatic urethraa.) prostatic urethra

b.) membranous urethrab.) membranous urethra

c.) spongy urethrac.) spongy urethra

SYSTEM OF DUCTSSYSTEM OF DUCTS

ACESSORY SEX GLANDSACESSORY SEX GLANDS

SEMINAL VESSICLESEMINAL VESSICLE

→ → paired, convoluted, pouch-like structures at the paired, convoluted, pouch-like structures at the basebase of of

the the urinary bladderurinary bladder. .

→ → secrete secrete alkalinealkaline,viscous fluid containing ,viscous fluid containing

a.) fructosea.) fructose

b.) prostaglandinb.) prostaglandin

c.) clotting protein.c.) clotting protein.

→ → constitutes 60% of the volume of semen.constitutes 60% of the volume of semen.

**Why is the secretion alkaline?**Why is the secretion alkaline?

Where's the seminal vessicle?Where's the seminal vessicle?

PROSTATEPROSTATE

→ → single, doughnut-shaped gland, single, doughnut-shaped gland, inferiorinferior to the to the urinary urinary

bladderbladder..

→ → secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid containingsecretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid containing

a.) citric acida.) citric acid

b.) proteolytic enzymesb.) proteolytic enzymes

c.) acid phosphatasec.) acid phosphatase

d.) seminalplasmind.) seminalplasmin

→ → constitutes 25% of the volume of semen.constitutes 25% of the volume of semen.

Where's the prostate?Where's the prostate?

BULBOURETHRAL GLANDBULBOURETHRAL GLAND

→ → pea-sized, paired glands located pea-sized, paired glands located inferiorinferior to the to the prostateprostate

→ → it opens into the it opens into the spongy urethraspongy urethra..

→ → secretes an secretes an alkaline fluidalkaline fluid and and mucousmucous

→ → Function?Function?

** ** SEMENSEMEN – a mixture of and – a mixture of and seminal fluidsseminal fluids..

Where's the bulbourethral gland?Where's the bulbourethral gland?

THE PENISTHE PENIS

THE PENISTHE PENIS

→ → contains the urethracontains the urethra

→ → passageway for both ________ and _________passageway for both ________ and _________

→ → cylindrical in shape and consists of 3 regions.cylindrical in shape and consists of 3 regions.

3 REGIONS OF THE PENIS3 REGIONS OF THE PENIS

1. Body1. Body

2. Glans penis2. Glans penis

3. Root of the penis3. Root of the penis

BODY OF THE PENISBODY OF THE PENIS

→ → Consists of Consists of erectile tissueerectile tissue

→ → Composed of 3 cylindrical masses. Each surrounded Composed of 3 cylindrical masses. Each surrounded

with with tunica albugineatunica albuginea..

a.) Two (2) a.) Two (2) corpora cavernosa peniscorpora cavernosa penis

b.) One (1) b.) One (1) corpus spongiosum peniscorpus spongiosum penis → contains the → contains the

spongy urethra.spongy urethra.

THE PENISTHE PENIS





1. Body1. Body



GLANS PENISGLANS PENIS

→ → slightly enlarged slightly enlarged distaldistal end of the corpus spongiosum end of the corpus spongiosum

penispenis

→ → acorn-shapedacorn-shaped

PARTS OF THE GLANS PENISPARTS OF THE GLANS PENIS

1. 1. CORONACORONA → margin → margin

2. 2. EXTERNAL URETHRAL OPENINGEXTERNAL URETHRAL OPENING → terminal slit-like → terminal slit-like

opening.opening.

3. 3. PREPUCEPREPUCE → covering in an uncircumcised penis. → covering in an uncircumcised penis.

THE PENISTHE PENIS





1. Body1. Body



ROOT OF THE PENISROOT OF THE PENIS

→ → the attached portion. Consists of 2 parts.the attached portion. Consists of 2 parts.

1. BULB OF PENIS 1. BULB OF PENIS

→ → the expanded portion of the base of the corpus the expanded portion of the base of the corpus

spongiosum penis.spongiosum penis.

2. CRUS OF PENIS2. CRUS OF PENIS

→ → the two separated and tapered portions of corpora the two separated and tapered portions of corpora

cavernosa penis.cavernosa penis.

THE PENISTHE PENIS





1. Body1. Body



THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMTHE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ORGANS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMORGANS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

1. 1. OvariesOvaries2.2. Uterine Tube Uterine Tube3. 3. UterusUterus

4. 4. VaginaVagina

5. 5. VulvaVulva

OVARIESOVARIES

→ → the female gonadsthe female gonads

→ → homologous to the testeshomologous to the testes

FUNCTIONS OF THE OVARIES FUNCTIONS OF THE OVARIES

1. Produce gametes1. Produce gametes

2. Produce hormones2. Produce hormones

HISTOLOGY OF THE OVARYHISTOLOGY OF THE OVARY

1. Germinal epithelium1. Germinal epithelium

2. Tunica albuginea2. Tunica albuginea

3. Ovarian cortex3. Ovarian cortex

4. Ovarian medulla4. Ovarian medulla

OVARIAN FOLLICLESOVARIAN FOLLICLES

→ → found in the ovarian cortexfound in the ovarian cortex

→ → structures containing oocyte in various stage of structures containing oocyte in various stage of

development.development.

FOLLICULAR CELLSFOLLICULAR CELLS - “single layer” - “single layer”

GRANULOSA CELLSGRANULOSA CELLS - “several layer” - “several layer”

→ → nourish oocyte and secretnourish oocyte and secret

female hormones.female hormones.

MATURE FOLLICLEMATURE FOLLICLE

→ → also known as g______ follicle.also known as g______ follicle.

→ → ready to rupture and expel its secondary oocyte in a ready to rupture and expel its secondary oocyte in a

process known as ______process known as ______

CORPUS LUTEUMCORPUS LUTEUM

→ → remnants of a mature follicle after ovulation.remnants of a mature follicle after ovulation.

→ → produces female hormones until it degenerates into produces female hormones until it degenerates into

corpus albicanscorpus albicans

FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENTFOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT

1. 1. OogoniaOogonia

→ → differentiate to become oocytedifferentiate to become oocyte

2.2. Primary follicle stage Primary follicle stage

→ → primary oocyte surrounded by primary oocyte surrounded by follicular cellsfollicular cells..

→ → stromal cells will form outside the folliclestromal cells will form outside the follicle

Primary Follicular StagePrimary Follicular Stage

2. 2. Secondary follicle stageSecondary follicle stage

→ → primary oocyte surrounded by primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cellsgranulosa cells

→ → a clear layer will form in between the primary oocyte a clear layer will form in between the primary oocyte

and granulosa cell, this is called and granulosa cell, this is called zona pelucidazona pelucida

→ → stromal cells outside the follicle begin to form an stromal cells outside the follicle begin to form an

organized layer called organized layer called theca folliculitheca folliculi

3. 3. Secondary follicle stageSecondary follicle stage

3. 3. Intermediate Graafian FollicleIntermediate Graafian Follicle

→ → primary oocyte surrounded by primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cellsgranulosa cells

→ → granulosa cells builds up a cavity called granulosa cells builds up a cavity called antrumantrum

→ → inner granulosa cells are now called inner granulosa cells are now called corona radiatacorona radiata

→ → theca folliculi differentiates into theca folliculi differentiates into

(a) (a) theca interna theca interna

(b) (b) theca externatheca externa

Intermediate Graafian FollicleIntermediate Graafian Follicle

3. 3. Mature or Graafian FollicleMature or Graafian Follicle

→ → primary oocyte becomes primary oocyte becomes secondary oocytesecondary oocyte

→ → antrumantrum becomes larger becomes larger

→ → corona radiata becomes more distinctcorona radiata becomes more distinct

→ → secondary oocyte ready for secondary oocyte ready for ovulationovulation

3. 3. Mature or Graafian FollicleMature or Graafian Follicle

UTERINE TUBESUTERINE TUBES

→ → AKA, fallopian tubes, oviductsAKA, fallopian tubes, oviducts

FUNCTIONS:FUNCTIONS:

1.) provide route for sperm to reach ovum1.) provide route for sperm to reach ovum

2.) transport secondary oocyte and fertilized ova to the 2.) transport secondary oocyte and fertilized ova to the

uterus.uterus.

PARTS OF THE UTERINE TUBEPARTS OF THE UTERINE TUBE

1.) 1.) INFUNDIBULUMINFUNDIBULUM – funnel shape – funnel shape

2.) 2.) FIMBRIAEFIMBRIAE – finger-like projections – finger-like projections

3.) 3.) AMPULLAAMPULLA – longer – longer

4.) 4.) ISTHMUSISTHMUS - shorter - shorter

UTERINE TUBESUTERINE TUBES

→ → AKA, fallopian tubes, oviductsAKA, fallopian tubes, oviducts


1.) provide route for sperm to reach ovum1.) provide route for sperm to reach ovum

2.) transport secondary oocyte and fertilized ova to the 2.) transport secondary oocyte and fertilized ova to the

uterus.uterus.

PARTS OF THE UTERINE TUBEPARTS OF THE UTERINE TUBE

1.) 1.) INFUNDIBULUMINFUNDIBULUM – funnel shape – funnel shape

2.) 2.) FIBRAEFIBRAE – finger-like projections – finger-like projections

3.) 3.) AMPULLAAMPULLA – longer – longer

4.) 4.) ISTHMUSISTHMUS - shorter - shorter

UTERUSUTERUS

→ → AKA, wombAKA, womb


1. Pathway of sperm1. Pathway of sperm

2. Implantation of fertilized ovum2. Implantation of fertilized ovum

3. Development of fetus3. Development of fetus

4. Source of menstrual flow if?4. Source of menstrual flow if?

PARTS OF THE UTERUSPARTS OF THE UTERUS

1. 1. FUNDUSFUNDUS– dome-shaped superior portion– dome-shaped superior portion

2. 2. BODYBODY – tapering central portion – tapering central portion

3. 3. CERVIXCERVIX – narrow portion that opens to the vagina – narrow portion that opens to the vagina

4. UTERINE CAVITY4. UTERINE CAVITY

5. CERVICAL CANAL5. CERVICAL CANAL

6. INTERNAL OS6. INTERNAL OS

7. EXTERNAL OS7. EXTERNAL OS

Histology of the UterusHistology of the Uterus

1. Perimetrium1. Perimetrium

2. Myometrium2. Myometrium

3. Endometrium3. Endometrium

VAGINAVAGINA

→ → long fibromuscular canal from the exterior to the cervixlong fibromuscular canal from the exterior to the cervix


1. Receptacle of penis during?1. Receptacle of penis during?

2. Outlet of menstrual flow2. Outlet of menstrual flow

3. Passageway for childbirth3. Passageway for childbirth

HISTOLOGY OF THE VAGINAHISTOLOGY OF THE VAGINA

1. 1. MUCOSAMUCOSA

2. 2. MUSCULARISMUSCULARIS

3. 3. ADVENTITIAADVENTITIA

44. HYMEN . HYMEN

4. UTERINE CAVITY4. UTERINE CAVITY

5. CERVICAL CANAL5. CERVICAL CANAL

6. INTERNAL OS6. INTERNAL OS

7. EXTERNAL OS7. EXTERNAL OS

Histology of the UterusHistology of the Uterus

1. Perimetrium1. Perimetrium

2. Myometrium2. Myometrium

3. Endometrium3. Endometrium

VULVAVULVA

→ → external genitals in female.external genitals in female.

PARTS OF THE VULVA:PARTS OF THE VULVA:

1. 1. Mons pubisMons pubis – elevation anterior to the vaginal and – elevation anterior to the vaginal and

urethral openings.urethral openings.

2. 2. Labia majoraLabia majora – longitudinal folds covered with pubic hair – longitudinal folds covered with pubic hair

3. 3. Labia minoraLabia minora – smaller folds devoid with pubic hair – smaller folds devoid with pubic hair

4. 4. ClitorisClitoris – cylindrical mass composed of two small – cylindrical mass composed of two small

erectile bodies (corpora cavernosa)erectile bodies (corpora cavernosa)– Prepuce of the clitorisPrepuce of the clitoris– Glans clitorisGlans clitoris

5. 5. VestibuleVestibule – region within the labia minora. Consists of – region within the labia minora. Consists of– Hymen (if still present)Hymen (if still present)– Vaginal orificeVaginal orifice– External urethral orificeExternal urethral orifice– Paraurethral glandParaurethral gland– Great vestibular gland (Function?)Great vestibular gland (Function?)

6. 6. Bulb of vestibuleBulb of vestibule – two elongated masses of erectile – two elongated masses of erectile

tissue deep to the labia. (Function?)tissue deep to the labia. (Function?)

exercise 28 and 29. the male and female reproductive system

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