excellence center conbiot thermochemical conversion of solid fuels – processes of pyrolysis,...

Excellence Center CONBIOT

THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF SOLID FUELS – THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF SOLID FUELS – Processes of pyrolysis, gasification and combustionProcesses of pyrolysis, gasification and combustion

of biomass an wastes.of biomass an wastes.

WORKGROUP 1Combustion and gasification of biomass

and wastes for heat and energyWORKGROUP leader

Krystyna Kubica, PhD

EXCELLENCE CENTEREXCELLENCE CENTER


GASIFICATION& MICROCO-GENERATION

PROCESSES

FIELDS OF ACTIVITY OF WG No. 1FIELDS OF ACTIVITY OF WG No. 1

COMBUSTION& CO-COMBUSTION

PROCESSES

ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION

PYROLYSISas 1st step of combustion

and gasificationprocesses


SCOPE OF ACTIVITYSCOPE OF ACTIVITY

Development of technology for small- and medium- capacity

combustion and gasification of biomass

Development of technology of co-combustion of biomass,

waste and coal in different types of coal fired boilers

Conceptual design of integrated systems for heat and

electricity production in small and medium scale

Demonstration of co-generation installations of different kinds

Development of knowledge on pyrolysis as step of combustion

and gasification processes

Estimation of environmental impacts of thermochemical

conversion of solid fuels, biomass and wastes


EUROPEAN PROJECTSprovided in Institute For Chemical Processing of Coal,

Department of Physical Chemistry and Thermal Processing of Fuels (*)

In 5th Frame Programme:

GRD1-2000-26821 - A new metallurgical route for the on-line conversion of by-products into valuable mineral and metallic products with a reduction of CO2 emission. (*)

IPS-2000-01068 - Regional innovation strategy for the Silesian Voivodeship.

In 4th Frame Programme:

INCO-Copernicus project no. IC15-CT98-0503 - Influence of the co-combustion of coal and biomass on the emission of pollutants in domestic appliances (*)

EU project CIPA-CT92-3009 - Clean coal – derived solid fuels for domestic and power plant combust (*)

EU project DIS-0715-95-UK - Promotion of low emission boilers (*)

In Eureka Programme:

EU 1570 – Resicoal- Beneficiation of coal slimes by means of complying with the environmental regulations coal upgrading and burning processes (*)


ProfessionalsProfessionals

Krystyna Kubica Ph.D. - WG 1 leader

Andrzej Bryczkowski Prof. - Chemical engineering (gasification)

Tomasz Chmielniak Ph.D. - Chemical engineering (gasification)

Jolanta Robak Ph.D. - Chemical technology (formed fuels)

Teresa Kordas M.Sc. - Chemistry (chemical analysis)

Jerzy Raińczak M.Sc. - Power engineering (combustion)

Katarzyna Matuszek M.Sc. - Power engineering (combustion)

Daniel Nowakowski M.Sc. - Chemistry (pyrolysis)


COMBUSTION AND CO-COMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION AND CO-COMBUSTIONIN FIXED BEDIN FIXED BED

Stand for laboratory testsStand for laboratory tests

Optimalisation of combustion processes in fixed bed

Expected effects:Research on:

Selection of fuel and optimalisation of fuel quality

Optimalisation of content of biomass/waste in fuel mixtures with coal; its

properties

Modelling of combustion and co-combustion

processes for industrial conditions

Modification of boilers & new constructions of small and

medium boilers

Selection of solid fuels and biomass for boilers

Criteria of standardisation of solid fuels and biomass for its combustion in fixed bed

Criteria of emission standardisation for domestic

boilers


OPTIMALISATION OF COMBUSTIONOPTIMALISATION OF COMBUSTIONAND CO-COMBUSTION PROCESSESAND CO-COMBUSTION PROCESSES

The stand for testing of solid fuels and boilers is equipped with:• two emitters of height ensuring test execution compliant with polish and foreign standards, including British Standard, one of them is assigned for fuels testing in the CELUS type, constant firing furnace of 5,6 kW power efficiency, and the other one is equipped with water system for heat utilisation, designed for testing of furnace of power efficiency lower than 200 kW.• continuous measurement system of combustion parameters, including temperature, exhaust gases flow and chimney draught with their recording• on line monitoring of exhaust gases composition, including O2, CO, SO2, NOx, CO2, aliphatic hydrocarbons CxHy by SIEMENS of SIGAS type.• SIMATIC – system for data collection and processing.• exhaust gases sampling system, preserving isokinetic conditions, for concentration determination of dust and organic pollutants (VOCs, POPs), 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs, including benzo(a)pyrene in exhaust gases, taking into consideration emission of organic pollutants absorbed on the dust, and occurring in the gaseous phase.


COMBUSTION AND CO-COMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION AND CO-COMBUSTIONApplicationsApplications

COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS, ENERGO-INVEST, Rybnik,Voivodship Environmental Protection Found project

CO-COMBUSTION OF COAL AND BIOMASS, EPEC Elbląg,WR-10 stocked fired boiler, efficiency 10 MWPrimary tests, project of modernisation of installation;Commercial partner

CO-COMBUSTION OF COAL AND SLUDGE, EC Rzeszów,WR-25 stocked fired boiler, efficiency 30 MWCommercial partner

CO-COMBUSTION OF COAL AND BIOMASS, EC Tychy,fluidized-bed boiler, 25 MWe , 70 MWt, The State Committee for Scientific Research project

CO-COMBUSTION OF COAL AND BIOMASS, EC Elbląg,pulverised-fuel boiler, 120 MWt; National Environmental Protection Found project


GASIFICATION AND CO-GASIFICATIONEXPERIMENTAL STANDEXPERIMENTAL STAND

process development for different gas application and fuels

data for evaluation and verification of the calculational models

knowledge of different aspects of the

process

Expected effects:Research on: influence of process temperature and gasification agent/fuel ratio

products characteristic

and distribution

energy and mass balance

char internal surface development and

particle size degradation


GASIFICATION AND CO-GASIFICATIONAPPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

SMALL SCALE BIOMASS GASIFICATION FOR HEAT PRODUCTION; Gasification system for wood and waste,3,5 MW; ZM ZAMER, The State Committee for Scientific Research project

SEWAGE SLUDGE GASIFICATION FOR CHP APPLICATION; Research on sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification, modeling of the process; NAS Extension to Contract No: ENK5-CT-2000-00050

DEMONSTRATION PLANT FOR HEAT AND POWER PRODUCTION INTEGRATED WITH BIOMASS AND RDF GASIFICATION; Development of small scale CHP system based on biomass and RDF gasification reactor and gas engine; 25 kW, 70 kW; Commercial partner


PYROLYSISPYROLYSIS

PYROLYSISPROCESS

gas

ANALYSIS OF PYROLYSISPRODUCTS

SAMPLEPREPARATION

FEEDSTOCKANALYSIS

liquid solid

Process analysis products distribution char internal surface

development and particle size degradation

chemical structure transformation of organic substances

pollutants emission

Temperature range200-520 oC

with 13 temp. steps20-1200 oC

with 2-15 temp. stepsVolume of gas

collecting system10 dm3


PYROLYSISPYROLYSISInvestigation of the 1Investigation of the 1stst step step

of combustion and gasification processesof combustion and gasification processes

Forecasting of formation of Total Organic Compounds (VOCs; PAHs; PCDD/F; N,S,O-Organic Compounds etc.); aspect or environmental protection

Forecasting of corrosive effect of combustion and gasification products on constructional material of boilers

Knowledge on thermochemical conversion of organic matter in solid fuels, biomass and wastes

Data collection for modelling of combustion and gasification processes of solid fuels, biomass and wastes


EVALUATION OF EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTIMPACT

OF THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSIONOF THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSIONOF SOLID FUELS, BIOMASS AND WASTESOF SOLID FUELS, BIOMASS AND WASTES

Carbon oxide - CO Carbon dioxide - CO2

Sulphur dioxide - SO2

Nitrogen oxides - NOx

Dust Heavy metals /inorganic spieces Cl-, F-, S-compounds, N-compounds/ Organic substances (TOC):

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs - 16 PAHs according to EPA)

dioxines and furanes (numbered to the POPs – stabile organic compounds)

benzene and its homologues (BTX) phenol with its acyclic derivatives heterocyclic compounds of nitrogen and sulphur aldehydes and ketones


INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT FOR RESEARCH AND

TESTING At laboratory System PY-GC-Trace 1500 Spectrophotometer FTIR by “Perkin Elmer” Spectrophotometer UV-VIS by “Beckman” Gas chromatograph by “FISONS” Gas chromatograph by “Carlo Erba” Gas chromatograph Sichromat 1-4 by “Siemens” Gas chromatograph Sichromat 2-8 by “Siemens” Elementary analyser “Perkin Elmer” Molecular mass analyser through VPO “Knauer” method

For fields testing on line monitoring of exhaust gases composition, including

O2,CO, SO2, NOx, CO2, aliphatic hydrocarbons CxHy by SIEMENSof SIGAS type

System for sampling of pollutants from emission tests


ANALYSISANALYSISOF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL LABORATORYOF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL LABORATORY

Total Organic Compounds (tars) /solvent extraction substance/ Dust Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) /by TD-Gas Chromatography/ Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) /by Gas Chromatography with FID

detection/ Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) /16 PAHs according to EPA

by FID-Gas Chromatography and GC-MS/ Phenols / by FID-Gas Chromatography/ BTX / by FID-Gas Chromatography/ Gas composition, H2S /by FID-TCD-NPD-Gas Chromatography/ Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) /by HPLC method/ Aldehydes and ketones /by HPLC method/ Formaldehyde, ammonia /by UV-VIS Spectroscopy/ Inorganic Ions (F-, Cl-, NO3

-, S2-, SO32-, SO4

2-, PO43-, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+,

NH4+, Fe2+, CN-) /by Ion Chromatography/

Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V, Zn, Hg)


TWINNING WITH EU UNIVERSITIESTWINNING WITH EU UNIVERSITIESAND RESEARCH INSTITUTESAND RESEARCH INSTITUTES

Task 3.1 Scope:

Modelling of biomass thermochemical destruction in combustion and gasification processes; the role of additives – catalysismodeling of pyrolysis process

catalytic agents post-combustion catalytic destruction of pollutants

Advanced methods for determination of biomass properties nd determination of pollutants emitted from biomass combustion

new and advanced methods for determination of biomass properties as fuel

new and advanced methods for determination of pollutants emitted from biomass combustion

Partner: (UL) University of Leeds, Fuel and Energy Department, UK



Scope:New biomass technologies – combustion, gasification, co-generation systems

development and methodology of implementation testing and verification procedures

Harmonization, unification and development of methods and procedures for biomass boilers testing;

methods of boilers testing, biomass boilers certification methods of emission factor evaluation methods for determination POPs

Partner: (DTI) Danish Technological Institute, Denmark



Scope:Modelling of pollutants formation thermochemical conversion of biomass, wastes and solid fuels

New methods and procedures for solid fuels and biomass testing

new methods and development of methodology testing of solid fuels and biomass

unification and harmonization of the methods modelling of organic pollutants formation during combustion

and gasification processes

Partner: (IST) Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal


PROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSESPROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSES

Task 4.2Scope:

Modelling and testing of termochemical destruction processes of biomass and wastes

theory of the processes existing models and development of models methods of calculation experimental verification other open problems

Year 2; 4 days

Partners: IST, Ul, DTI, UW, DMT, IUT, CSIC


CONFERENCESCONFERENCES

Task 1.1

Scope: Combustion and Gasification of Biomass and Wastes modeling of combustion and gasification process, combustion and co-combustion of biomass and fossil fuels gasification process and development of reactors construction biomass boilers construction and development, environmental impact processes catalysis and catalytic modification of combustion processes catalytic agents post-combustion catalytic destruction of pollutants economical aspects

Year 1; 19 – 21 May 2003


CONFERENCESCONFERENCES

Task 1.3

Scope: Biomass as Fuel for Co-generation Systems integrated power cycles with biomass and wastes gasification

processes, micro-cogeneration power cycles integrated with gasification (biomass, wastes)

and liquid fuel production ecological safety economical aspects

Year 3; 19 – 21 May 2005


SPECIALIZED SEMINARSSPECIALIZED SEMINARS

Task 2.1

Scope: Instrumental analysis in research of solid derived from biomass and wastes

methods of instrumental analysis in fuel and solid products quality determination

methodology of examination and analysis of measuring error

standard samples

standardization of the testing

Year 1; September 2003



Task 2.2

Scope: Control and Process Monitoring – Combustion and Gasification Performance

research and measurement procedures

methods of fuels quality determination

design of combustion and gasification processes

procedures for determination of pollutants

legislation in EU and Poland

Year 2; 2 days



Task 2.3

Scope: Standardization in biomass conversion systems

fuel assessment methods and procedures,

quality standards

assessment of technical safety

assessment of heat and power efficiency

assessment of ecological safety

Year 3; 2 days


NEW EUROPEAN RESEARCH PROJECTSNEW EUROPEAN RESEARCH PROJECTS

SCAPA

Small-Scale Air Pollution Abatement, Emission Control on solid fuels fired in domestic heating appliances,

project in 5th FP co-ordinated by EDT, UK; final works/negotiations

JUMELAGE

Carbon materials and catalysts for environmental protection,Polish-France project co-ordinated by prof. Gerald Djega-

Mariadassou from M. and P. Curie University in Paris, France;

Directly collaboration of Polish Academy of Sciencewith Polish and French R&D units

TOAC

Assessment of Toxic Organic Atmospheric Compounds around the EU,project in 6th FP of 14 European countries

co-ordinated by Prof. Ana Mastral from CSIC Zaragoza, Spain


EXPECTED RESULTSEXPECTED RESULTS

Enhanced knowledge in the field of process modelling

Enhanced knowledge in the field of modelling of pollutants formation

Enhanced knowledge in the field of new and advanced measurement techniques in scientific researches

Scientific development of young researchers

excellence center conbiot thermochemical conversion of solid fuels – processes of pyrolysis,...

Documents

cocombustion of biomass

step of combustion

medium capacity combustion

phd excellence center

chemical processing

clean coal

coal slimes

testing of solid fuels