excel sbornik primerov i zadach

Upload: romixrayzen

Post on 13-Jul-2015

486 views

Category:

Documents


4 download

TRANSCRIPT

.

5

' ' .. , ..

. 256 ! . : , , , , . Visual Basic Excel 7.0. . . , ..8.,..11(

"

: 101000, , . , 7 ( "-", . ) .: (095) 925-35-02, 923-18-68 (095) 925-09-57 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.finstat.ru

.

..

Excel " " 2003

004.67(076.1) 32.973.26-018.2a7 13

1994

. , : . , ; . .

. .13 Excel: . - .: , 2003. - 336 .: . - ( ). ISBN 5-279-02130-. , Excel ( Excel 97, Excel 2000, Excel 5.0/7.0). . , ( ), . : . . . 2404000000-045 , 010(01)-2003 324 ISBN 5-279-02130- 004.67(076.1) 32.973.26-018.27 . . , 2000

... . . 1

... , . . .

, Microsoft Excel, . " Excel?" . ... , , , XXI . , , . ; . VisiCalc, .' . . : 1948. .243. .. .., , . .: " ", 1998. .86.2

, . , . , , Excel. : . : , . " " . ( , ) - , . . . , : , . . Excel . . . . , , ( ). ... , , . , , , ,

. : " - ; - ". - , , . "Excel-" . Microsoft Office Extensions, . , Microsoft Excel ... . . /4.

Excel. , , . Excel. > . . . , . ( ) . . . . . , , . . , , , . , , . [21, 34]. , Excel, , , .6

Excel . Excel 97 Excel 2000, Excel 7.0 Excel 5.O. , , , . , "Advanced Filter" " ", " ", . , Excel 7.0 Excel 5.0 , , Excel 97 Excel 2000. , Excel 97 Excel 2000 Excel 5.0/7.0. . VBA (Visual Basic for Applications). VBA Excel, . MS Query. , , , , SQL QBE. . Excel , ( ) , [16, 18, 22]. ( ) . . Windows. , , 2. (. 8), (. 11), (. 12).

: Excel. , , , . . -, , -, Excel , , Excel 5.0/7.0, Excel 97 Excel 2000, -, , , . . Excel. . , . , , . . . dBase 3. . , Excel. . , , : , , . , . [9] 10 . .8

[35]. 6 40 , 7 34 . . , . . . , , . 7 . 9 . 10 . 8, 11-14 . Excel. , , , [16, 18, 22]. , . Excel , html- . MS Query . [29, 32] . [28] Excel . Excel VBA. , . , Excel , , . VBA [3, 4, 10, 27, 37].

. , , : http://www.kiaml.rssi.ru/fis/ , : test.txt ( .7) kadr.dbf ( .9 10). , , . ( , , , .) , Excel. . , , , , , .

Excel

1.1. Excel. Excel Office. ("", "", "") . , . " " ( ), . Office : Excel ( ). [16, .987-990]. . , ( ), . , : Work ( , ). . ( , .) Excel ( . 1.3). "/ / " " " "C:\Work" ( : ). Excel . , .11

. Excel . , Ctrl+S . Ctrl , , S. S. , Shift ( CapsLock). Ctrl+S Shift ! Ctrl+S Ctrl+s ( ), . , Ctrl+Shift+Enter ( . 8). Ctrl Shift , , Enter. , . : End, Home. . Excel, . . . , , , . , .. , , . , . , , , . , . . - . , Excel. , . , "", , "", "" " " "C:\Work". "". : "/12

/ / ", "C:\Work". ( , . "" .) .

1.2. Windows , : , , /. , Excel Excel : , . , , , : =(1.2,2.8,-3.1) . (, , , =1.2 + 2.8-3.1.) Windows 95 : =(1,2;2,8;3,1) , . -, Excel , . (, ) . , , ? : "" VBA. VBA , Excel VBA, . Excel , Windows 95 , 13

.. . Windows 95 "", "", " ". " " ( ). "/ " "". " " ( ). " " ( ). "". " " ( ) "//". "" "". Windows 95 "Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ Regional Settings". "Number" "Decimal symbol" , "List separator" . "Date" "Short date style" "dd/MM/yy", "Date separator" "/". , : Ctrl+Shift. " " ( "", "").

1.3. Excel Excel. Excel, "", "", "Microsoft Excel". Microsoft Office , Excel. . Excel. . "Microsoft Excel - !", .. (Microsoft Excel) , (!). . "" "". 14

, ( , , ). . . , . ( ). Excel 2000. Excel 2000. , "", . . . , , . , , Excel. . Excel. : "/ / " " ". . , Excel , . . . "" "" . . . ("") ( ). ( "/ / "), , , , . Ch01.xls. ( "" "chapter".) Ctrl+S "/ ". Excel 15

, "!" . " :" ChOl. xls , . "" . "!" "Ch01.xls". . (). (Cells) (Rows) (Columns). . : 1,2,.... : , ,...,Z.AA.AB,... ( .) 1.1. . , Ctrl + * ( Ctrl , , " "). 16 ( Excel 97 2000 65536 = 2 , Excel 5.0/7.0 14 16384 = 2 ). , Ctrl >. IV, 256. , Ctrl+Home. ( : End, ; End, > ; End, Home. . , .) ( ). 1. D3 D . D3 ( D3). , D3 , . . 45 ( PgDn PgUp). 1. 45 "/ ". ( ":") 45 ( 45). "/ " Ctrl+G. , "" , Ctrl+G. Excel.

16

: Tab , Shift+Tab , Enter , Shift-bEnter . . : "!", "2"... ( , ). , . , Ctrl+PgDn ( ), Ctrl+PgUp ( ). "!". . Excel 5.0/7.0 16 , Excel 97 2000 . : "/ / / ". ( ). ( Excel 5.0/7.0, "/ / / " 3 Excel Alt+F4. Excel. .) 1.2. . , ~ Windows, : , . . : ( ) - ; , ; - ; , ; , .2-3709 17

( , ). 5. . . . . B,C,D,E. 4,5,6,7. . 1.3. . . , . , 2:4 , 2, 4. : , , . : , Shift , , . : , Ctrl , , , Ctrl. 2:12 . C3:F44 . 2:14, D2:F14. 1.4. . 1 :200. 1- : 1) 1; 2) , 200; 3) Shift; 4) 200. 2- 1) 2) 3) : 1; : "/ " Ctrl+G; "" 200; 4) Shift; 5) "OK".

18

B12:BN430. 1.5. , . , ( , , ). ( ) , Enter ( ). 1 "", Enter. ( , , .) , : ( Esc), ( Excel 5.0/7.0 " "^). , . Enter , . ( : " " "/ / ", .) Enter. Enter, . Tab, . Shift+Enter , a Shift+Tab . () F2 (). , . F2 . 1: "" "". 1, F2, ( ), Del "". 2 A3 24 47. , "" , 24 47 . 4 =2+. . : 71, ( 4) - . ( 71

->*

19

#?, , , ). =2*2+ ( 2 2 A3). 4, F2, , Enter. , Excel 97 2 A3 , ( ). 5 =4-, . =. 4 ( ). . A3. Enter. , . , 5 , 4. , , ( Excel 97). 2 -14. , 4 1 5 . 2 -14 (. 3 47 1.1). 4 19 1.6. 5 -28 . , 6 . 1.1 =3*2 - 4. =2*2 ( 3 2). "". , , " ", . =2*2 - 6, 6 . "". F2. : "". l Ctrl+ . 1 (Ctrl+Home). Ctrl+ , ! . Ctrl+ 1. Ctrl+ > Ctrl+ . . Shift 22

. 1:5 1:5. 1. Ctrl+Shift+4'. 1 :5. . 1:5 (Ctrl+*). Del. ( , ). 1.9. . . "!" "2". "!", . . "2". "2" "!". . , , " ". "". , "/". " ". " Ch01.xls :". "( )". " " ( ). "(2). . "", Ctrl. "". "(2)". "()". . "/ ". . "!". Excel 97 "4". . . "!", . "". : "". ( , , " ", , 23

.) : . . "()": "". . "2". . . "". , . 1.10, . "". Ctrl+End. IV65536, , F15. , F , , 15 , , F15 . , 1 ( Ctrl+Home). Ctrl+End F15! , " ". ( Ctrl+S), ( Ctrl+F4) ( Ctrl+O), F15 . 1,11. . "(2)". F1 :F5 ( ) ( F4 F5). , . F1:F5 F8:F12. F1:F5, , , , , . , , " ". , F8:F12 . F1:F5. , , " ".24

( ) , " ". D1:D5.c "(2)" "": D1:D5, ( Ctrl+Insert Ctrl+C), "", 1 , " ", "", "" Esc. 1.12. . "" . 3, 4, 5 " ". . 1.13. . "2". B1:D9 5. B1:D9. 5. Ctrl+Enter. . B3:F3 10. 1.14. . . "4". , 2, 1 14. 2 1. 2. "/ / ". : : , 1 ( ), 14. "". , 2:10, . ( :15). . , 2. 2 1, 2 . Ctrl , , ( "", Excel 97 , ). 15 25

, Ctrl. 2:15 . . 1 1, 2 2. 1:2. 15. . 2 3, 1 :2 , . , . G1 1, , . , . "". "", . , "", . . . 1.15. . 1. , 4, 4, -1, -5. 2. , F6, 4, 2, 256. , 254? "" , . 1.16. . 6 "!". 10. "2", "" .. , , "".26

1.17. . 6 " 1 ". D6. "2 ", "3 ".

1.4. "". . 5, . 1.18. . 1, 1, 1 "", "", "". 1 . : "/ / ". . ( Ctrl+Z) . : D ( ). , . . . 1.19. . , , Arial 10 . "" . 1:1 "" 10 12 ( , 12 ). . , , . "". . . "" ( " "). "" ( " ").27

1.20. . 1:1 EV.G1. E1:G1 "/ / ". 1.21. . EV.G1 Times New Roman Cyr 15 . . . 1.22. . 1 :G1 E5:G5. " ". Arial 10 . 12 . , "" ( , .) , ( , ). 1.23. . A3 38.787. " " ( , ). 38.79. - 38.787. , : . . " ", , 38.787. , ? ! : 38.7876, 38.788. ? : "/ / ". 4 45547.678. " " ( , Excel 2000 ). 45 547.68. , . ( ""). , . " " ( ). : 45 547.68 . () Windows.28

5 .12. 0.12. " ". 12%. 6 0.146. . 15%. 14.6%? . 7 15.1%, "/ / ". 0.151. 1.24. . , , . 11 0.5, 12 =11+.2. 12 0.7. 12 . 70%. , 12 =11+.2, 0.7, . , . , 12 , 13 1 2 , 1 4 , 11 . (. 1.2).50% 70%

20% 0.7 70%

. 1.2

1.5. " 3(2)". , . , . . . , "/ ". , , . ( 29

). , . : "", "", "", "". , . "" ( ), " ". ( ) "", , , 3. (.. ), "" 3. ( Tab ). " " " " " " ( Excel 5.0 " "). . " " - . " " . . "", "" "" ( Excel 5.0 "" ""). "", . , " ()" ( , ). "" " % " ( Excel 5.0 " "). , (, ), . ? ? "". "" "" " " ( Excel 5.0 ""). , . . . : 30

. "". " :" (" "). -- -. Excel 97. , . , , . . . , . ( ). A1:D15. -. . ( Excel 5.0/7.0 , .) "". . . "/ " ( " "). , . , . , "/ " Ctrl+P. 1.25. "".

1.6. Excel , . Microsoft Office ( ""). , . , "". "" "31

". , "/ ". Excel 97. "?/ ". : "", "", "". , - - . " " , . . " " . , , " ". , , . Excel 2000 "/ Microsoft Excel". . . : "", " ", "". . " ". " ". . , "". "". 1.26. (Excel 97). " / " " ". " , " ( , ). (Excel 2000). " / " " , , , ".

32

1.27. " " ( Excel 2000 " ") " " ( Excel 2000 " "). . . "", "" ("", " ") . .

1.7. . , Excel 5.0/7.0 Excel 97/2000, . "" (Wizard ). " ", , - , , . (.2), (.), (. 10). 1.1.

(.. ) comma.txt. , :32,789 23,4 86,74 23,6

"" ("Notepad"). . comma, txt . "/ ". " " " : *.prn, *.txt, *.csv". comma.txt 0-3709 33

"". . , : , , . , : , ( ). , ( ). "", , ">". , . "". , , . , "" ">". (- ). "" "". . comma. . "/ " ( Ctrl+H). "". ":" , " :" ( Tab). " ". ( , , , ). "comma" Ch01.xls. Ch01.xls . "comma" . "/". Ch01.xls , . comma.txt , "comma" Ch01.xls. > 1.28. "" ("Notepad") , :34

.. .. .. ..

176,3 84,2 164,7 67,8 185,6 92,4

: 1) tab.txt; 2) space.txt. : 1) Excel ; 2) ChO I .xls; 3) .

1.8. . . "/ ". "!", "2" .., Excel . , , "/ ...". "" ( ). Ctrl+S. Ctrl+F4 ( ) "/ ". , (, ). Excel AU+F4 "/ ". . Excel Ch01.xls. : "/ ";3* 35

"" ( ); Ctrl+O. . ChOl .xls "". Ch01.xls (-, , , ), . "". . . , . Windows "" ("Start"), "" ("Documents"). , 15 , . (Ch01.xls), . , Excel . : - .

1.9. Ch01.xls (Workbook). ( "") . . Ch01.xls , ( , , , ). " " ( ). " " (processor ). Excel .36

Excel. Windows 3.1 Excel 5.O. , Windows 95 ( Windows 98), Excel. Windows 95 : Excel 7.0 ( Excel 95), Excel 97 ( Excel 8.0, Office 97, , ) Excel 2000 (Excel 9.0). Excel "" . ( 486DX4). . Excel 5.0/7.0 8 , Excel 97 16 , Excel 2000 32 . , Excel 2000 16 , (). , . : Excel 5.0/7.0 Excel 97/2000. , Excel 7.0 , Excel 2000, Excel 5.0/95 ( "/ ", " "). , Excel 2000. : " " " Microsoft Excel 97-2000 & 5.0/95". Excel 5.0/7.0 . , , . , , .

, Excel . Excel. "!" Ch02.xls ( : "/ ").

2.1. "". . : + , , * , / , . "", Excel . , . 2.1.

, : . . . 1 "", 2 "". 1 2 : 1, ( ) 1, , Enter. 2 . 1 4, 2 3. . . 1. 38

1+

.

: =1+/4*. \ +. , 4 , , . , , , , . : =(1+)/(4*). : =(1+1)/(4*2). 0.416667. 2 2. 4 4 = (-2)/(5+(2*)/( 2+3)). , ( 2* ) . , . 4 0.352941 . >

2.1.

5

-2 + - - . : 5.93548. +4 2.2. 6 - . 4

? ? , 1 . 2.2.

1 1. 2 = -12. : 1 ! " ". , -2 = 1 -1. : = 0 - 12. : -1. , , . " / / ". , . (. 2.1).39

*/

+ -

(, -1)

. 2.1

, : ( ) ( ). , ! = (-1)2. = (12). >. Excel . -2 -1: ( ), MathCAD, MatLAB, Mathematica, Derive. : -1. Microsoft FoxPro , Excel. , VBA ( Microsoft Office!)

Sub UnaryMinuB() Dim x As Integer Debug.Print End Sub

x = -1

-x A 2

-1. , , , .

2.3. , ? =10+*2 ( ), 10+2 ( ), =(2+3*4 ( ) Excel.. , , , , . ! , , Excel , , , . : = -2*-4 =(-2)*(-4). . . , -

40

, .

2.2. . Excel 300 , . ( "2" Ctrl+PgDn). : "". 2.3.

13 2 +1. . ( Excel 97 Excel 2000.) , , . 1. ( ). - , ( ) ( Excel 97). . , 10 . " ...". : " - 1 2". : , .. (, , ..). , "" ( - , " "). . , LOG. . :

1_(, _) 41

, . , ( ), . , , "." " - 2 2". : _. , , . , , . , : " , ". 2. Tab ( ). , : "_ ; 10 ". , () , 10. : 0.301029996 lg 2, .. . 3. 0.630929754. "", (F2), + 1. : , =LOG(2,3) +1. =LOG(2,3)+1. Enter. : 1.63093. , ( ) Windows. =LOG(2;3)+1, " " . > Excel 5.0/7.0 Excel 97/2000. fx 42

"" . . "" . , , (. 2.2).sinx SIN(x) arctg x ATAN(x) cosx COS(x) Inx LN(x)

tgx TAN(x)lg* LOGlO(x) . 2.2

arcsm x ASIN(x) e" EXP(x)

arccos x ACOS(x) |x| ABS(x)

. , Excel . 2.4. 2 arcsin2 + arctg(j> + 2). +1 1.610922. . , . 2 , tg *. : =TANA2(x). : =()2. 2.4.;

. A3 ^tgx +1. : w = v z z = tg:c +1. Excel: KOPEHb(z) TAN(x)+1. Excel 97/2000 Excel 5.0/7.0. Excel 97/2000. A3. . . , 43

TAN . ! "", , ( ). (.. ). TAN . TAN(x). +1 "". : 1.468952. , TANQ , =4, =1.157821282 ( tg 4), : : 1.076021042. =KOPEHb(TAN(x)), . , /. . , , . Excel , . Excel 5.0/7.0. A3. . . , . TAN . "". TAN(x) +1 "". =KOPEHb(TAN(x) + 1). > Excel, , , ( , ). :

: =(1()+1). , . , =KOpeHb(tg(x)+1), : =KOPEHb(tg(x)), #?. tg , tg , . 2.1. Excel (), ( ) = 3.14159.... Excel = 2.71828... , , (), ? 2.2. : " "1

2.3. , . [12]. , , . , " ". "/ ". " " . " " Excel. ". ", . , " ". . . . 8 =(5.7), 9 5.7 -5.7. 5, 45 2.5.

- 6. : . , /. , . ( , ) . = 2.5. 14 =(14/14), D14 =(14,14). 14 14 : 5,3; 5,-3; -5,3; -5,-3. F 14:117 ( A14:D14 " "). F13:113 : "", "", "", "". (1). 2.3. 17 , 0 999. 17 , . 2.6.

. , . Excel . 1. (,_) _ 0, . _ 0, .46

_ 0, . 19 143.3184. 19 =(19,2). 143.32. 19 =(19,0). 143. . D19 =(19,-1), 140. 2. (,_), (,_). , . . 3. , . : (, ), (, ), (, ). . , . . [12] :()= U, OKPBHH3(,rf)= rf, nd>0. I d I Id]

\~\"" , , \_\ "" , . : =(1.6, 0.15) 1.65; =(9.3, 4) 8. 4. ( , _) , . , , . () , (), . 47

* : - .

, . > 2.4. , , , , , , ( ). . " 2.4". 5.73 -5.73. . 2.5. ( 67) 21 675 . 2.5%, 0.5% 2%. ( , . , , : 2%. . " ". , "/ / ".) 2.6. , 25, . ? 2.7. - ( 23). h 0 23 ( 24), 59 ( 25) s 0 59 ( 26) . (: k = 13257 = 3*3600+40*60+57, .. h = 3, = 40, s = 57.) 2.8. 28 . 28 , . (: 32.597 5.) - . , . " / " ( Excel 2000 " / "). , . , 48

. , , , ( Excel 2000 ). , " ". " ", " " (). Excel 2000 "" " " "_". " ". " :" . 2.6. , FUNCS.XLS. Windows. Excel 5.0/7.0 C:\MSOffice\Excel\Examples, Excel 97 C:\Program FilesVMicrosoft OfficeNOffice, Excel 2000 C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office\1049. .

2.4. . , , . . "". 2.7.

. 1 -7>5. . 1 2 2 : = 3>5. . , .. , , . , 2.1, : , , .-3709 49

. 4 2, 4 = 4>3. . 4 6. . 4 , .. ( ). . : " ( ), 4, 3?" 4 () (). , , . = 4>3 (4 3) , . : = (4 2-1) > (2*4+1). , , , . > (. 2.3).> >= < =. , >. . , . Excel . Excel, (. 2.4). : , , . Excel , .50

Excel

-,

(&)V

. 2.4

: . , . . . 2.5.X

()

. 2.5

(. 2.6).

X

(*,)

^)

. 2.6

, . 6 ( z) . , [2, 5]. . 6 . 6 3. , . : [2,5] (z > 2) (: 2 < 5 . 6 =M(z>=2,z1, 2 : = (>1 ,z+1 ,z). ( "", , , .); 2. 2 > 60, 9 " ", z: =(2>60," ",z) 3. z [10,25], , z 25, 25. ( ): z < 10 10 ( z < 25 z 25). 9: =( z < 10, 10, ( z 2.11. . 3000, 5%; 10 000, 2%; 10 000, 1.5%. 10 " ", 11 " ". 10 , 11 , .S3

2.12. 2.8 2.9 ( ) , , , . ( 8 , .) 2.13. . , 1, 0. ( ). 2.9. , , ? ? . : , , . , , 0, . 31 , 10, 31 (, 3). 31 31 : = (31>=10,312," "). 31 31: =(31,31). 31 5, 3. , , , , 0. , #/ (), . , , #/. 31 : () ( ), #/, #/:54

2.11.

= (31>=10,31 2, #/). #/. 31 12, 147. > 2.12.

. Excel 97 " ". 41 , 10. , 10, . 41. "/ ". . "" " " "", "" " ", "" 10. " " " , ", ":" " " ":" " , 10". " " " ", ":" "", ":" " ", ":" " 10!!!". . > 2.14. , . 0 4. ( ) , 3.5. 24:24 ( 1 5), F24 - "". 25:25. F25 . , . 2.15. . : ( ) 0 999, #/, .55. "/ " 25:25.

, . . ( , ).

2.5. : , . , , . Excel. , Excel, : . "", . , , . , " ". . 2.13.

. , , . S = ^( - )( - )( - ), : a+b+c S , = 2 abc R = . =56

. : , , . . , , . , "". , . 2.7. 6 =(2++4)/2..

2 3 3 4 4 55 6 7 8 S 6

1

. 2.7

. 8 . , 2, , 4, 6. 2:, "/ / ". Excel " ", .. 2, , 4, 6 ( ), 2, A3, 4, . "". , 2, 2, . 4 , , _. , Excel ( column - , row - ). Excel . 8 =(*(-)*(-)*(-_)). Enter ( ) . , . , 57

=(6*(6-2)* (6-)* (6-4)), . . , , . "" . . 2:8 "" " ". , 2. S = 3.799671. , . 8 " ", 3.800. , "" , , , . (Ctrl+Z) : "/ " (Ctrl-H), "", " :" "". , . "" . . 8 , 8 (.. 8 S). ( 8:8 "/ / "), , : 8 ( 8) S, Enter. D10 F10 R, G10 . , . " " ( ). , 8, "" . (. 2.8). . G10 "/ / ". , , G10. 58

. .

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

S

2 4 55.5

D

F

G

3.800

0.691 R

2.632

. 2.8

"". "" ( "/ / "; Excel 97 "/ / ") . , G10, : " ". ( , : " / / ".) , 10. #!. , 10, 4, 5 . . G10 "/ / " ( ""). , . ,, "". . . , S, R , R .

59

*()*(-)*(-_) . , S, . , 8 " !", G10 . 8 7. 7, . =*(-)*()*(-_). S 7. 8 S ("/ / " S $$8). 8 =(7>0,(7)," !"). =(7>0,8/). G10. . 6- 7- , . 6 7 "". , 5- 8- "". . . . ( ), . " " . , (2:4), Ctrl+1, "" " ". "/ / ". 2:4 Excel. : "/ / ". ( Excel 97/2000). ( "/ ").60

. "/ ". . "". , 4. . , R , , . b ( = 2, = 4, = 5), , R . Excel : R . R. . , R = 3. G10, R. "/ ". " ". " :" G10. Tab ":" 3. Tab " :" 2, ( , $$2 , , ). "". " ". . G10, , R 2.9999172. = 1.515753. ? , . "/ / ". " ". : 0.001. 0.00001. R = 3. G10 2.9999977. = 1.515698. . R = 3? . 4. > 2.10. R = 2? .

61

2.11. = \ .2? 2.16. . 1. "" Ch02.xls , treug.xls. 2. . 2+2-2 3. = 2 .. ( ), ( ), , . 4. ( = /2\22 + 22 -2 ..), (1 =20CCOS- \

+

..), ( = ..).

-S .Z 0

. ( , , .) 5. , , .. (Ctrl+1, ""). 6. . 7. . " !" 4 , 8 . , . 2.17. .62

2.18. (, ) . 2.19. , . 2.20. :

1 J_ J_ _!_'D K D D

\ Ki Ki 2.21. 2 + + q = 0 q. , .

2.6. . , , , , . , . 2.22. , , . : = abc; S = 2(ab+bc+ac); d - \2 + 2 + ~ ;

=

". 2. . : " " "". , "" =!$$1:$$5. , , . 68

"". , . " :" " ". "" 2:5, "". "". . 1, 2, 3, 4, . Excel "" . . "" "" "". , "", . " X" "" 2:5, . , =!$$2:$$5. ":" ":". "" "", ":" "=!$$1", .. "", ":" "=!$$2:$$5", .. . "" "", . ":" , . " >". 3. . . "" " ", X "". " " ( ). " " "" . " >". 4. . " ": ( , "!", ) , .. . "". ( , , , . .) .69

Excel 5.0/7.0. "/ / ". . 5 5 . 1 . , . , " >". 2 . . ( ) " >". 3 . . , , 6- . " >". 4. . 1, 2, 3, 4, . Excel "" . 1 : " 1 X ()". , , .. Excel . " >". 5. , , , " ", "", . "". . . , "/ ". " ". "!". . 3.3. , , . . 3.3 . >70

1992

. 3.3

3.1. , , . : , .. , . , 1 . Excel , 2:5 2;5 . ( Excel , . , Excel , .) 1 1 , 2:5 . F11 , . ? , Excel ( ). .71

3.2. 1. . , 1:1, 2:5. ( 1 , , 8; , 1 .) -, , 1 . ! , 2:5 , . 2. , , 2:5 , 1:5 "2" 1:5 - , , 1 "", 2:5 : "", "", "", "". , .

3.2. . . 3.2.

. , 3.1. " 3.2". . . "" " " ( Excel 5.0 " ") " ". " ". , . "", , " " . "/ " . Excel 97/2000 "". . : " ", " ", " ", "". , ( !). . 72

, , ( , , ). > " " . 12. Excel 5.0/7.0 "". . 3.3.

, 3.1. . . . . " " " ". . ( , , , ..). , , . " " " ". (.) , . , . , , ( , " "). , , "..." Ctrl+1. 1. . " ". ": ". , Esc, . 2. . . " ". 500, 100. .73

3. -20 ( ) 70 (" / "). 4. . 5. , . 6. () 8 . 7. (" / / / "). > . Ctrl+Z. 3.3. ( - ). "/ ", . ( "/ ".) "", -: = (!$$1 ,!$$2:$$5,!$$2:$$5,1) , , - - , (.. ). , , . 3.1. , , 1995 . . 3.4.

. . , ( 6:6) : 1996 320 270. , . ( Ctrl+C), , (74

Ctrl+V). , : , 320 270, 1996. (Ctrl+Z) . , "/ ". " ". =!$$6:$$6. " ". " " " ( X) ". . >

3.3. . " / / ". 3.5.

. 3.1 , "". . : . . , , " / " " Y () ". . > 3.4. . 3.5. " ".. 1 :5 1 :5.

3.6. [11]. " , " (. 3.4).75

875 50 234. 3.4

488 28 79

. (. 3.5). 230 187

. 3.5

, . 3.2. . .

2 , . Excel , . "" . , . Ch04.xls.

4.1. 4.1.

. . 4. 1 .

1992 1993 1994 1995

200 360 410 200, 4.1

150 230 250 180

. . . Ch03.xls.77

, "", , "/". " ". , . : Ch03.xls Ch04.xls. , . Ch04.xls. , "" Ch04.xls "!". , " " ( Ch03.xls). . Ch03.xls. "". . . D1 "". D2. , . 1992 . = 2 2. , , , : , 2 ( 2 , 2), , 2. , . . . D3 = .. , , Excel . D2 D3:D5. . : D2:D5; "/ / " ( ) Ctrl+D (D Down ); D2 , , D5;78

D2 ( Excel 5.0/7.0 , , , D3:D5 ). ( Ctrl+Z). . 6 "". (B,C,D). . . 6 2:5. . 6. [| ( , ). " 1 2". ( "") "". (""), , . " >". . "!" 2:5. . , ( Excel 97 ). . 2:5 . ( Excel 97 - ). "". 6 =(2:5). , . C6:D6 ( B6:D6 Ctrl+R "/ / "). . ( B6:D6 Del.) B2:D6 (.. ). |Z| ("") . , B6:D6 , .79

. , . 4.2.

1

200 360 410 200

D

2 1992 1993 3 4 1994 1995 5 6

1170. 4.2

150 230 250 180 810

50 130 160 20 360

Excel 97 D2 . , 1 :D6, , 11 :D16. , .. D12:D15. D12 = - . () . D12 . , , . , "" "" , () , $ . , . = = - . D12 #?, "/ / / / ". > 4.1. "" ( Ctrl ). "" . 4.2. "" ( ). () .80

4.1. 2:15 1 14. 2 1, A3 , . ( 4:14, A3. , , 1.14.) 4.2. D1:D20 . 1: 20 , , :

. 1 2 . 2 :20. 4.3. G1:G3 : "", "", "". , G1:G21. . G4 . 4.4. 11:116 1,-1, 1,-1... * 4.5.

1

5+-

101+103* 4.6.

6-3709

81

* 4.7. (. 4.3)111 2

11

1

1

4

3

6. 4.3

3

4

1

1

: , " ": 4 = 1 + 3 , 6 = 3 + 3. , . 4.4 . 4.5.

1 11 1

12 3 4

1 3 4

1 4

1

1 10

1 1 1 1 1

0 1 2 3

0 0 1 3

0 0 0

0 0

1 1

1

10

46820

10

45

. 4.4

. 4.5

. 2 D . 1 1 2 3 4 4.8. 2 5 6 7 8 (. 4.6). . - sin , . 4.6 0 6.5 0.5 . . (. 4.7). , 2 =SIN(A2) . Excel 97 =SIN(x). 8211 41 42 43 44 12

4.2.

1:15 . ( : "", , , "sin(x)", .) () , ( ). , , . "" , : " / / ", " ". > 4.3. , 0.05. , . 4.7 . : " " 10, " " 5. , " ". 4.4.

) = si

cos(

)| , -1

3 0.1. .

4.2. 4.3.

(. 4.8). 20% , , , . . , .83

"". 1:5 ^^'^^ .. ~ . "" .. 220 '- ' ' > , . . 4.8 , . . ( ) . ( !). , . . , . : "/ / ". . . . 1 2. , , . " ". :7. . , , " ". : , . 4 1. 5:7 . 1:5, 84

.. ..

180 140

1

(, ). . . 1 : "% ". 1 20%. "". (. 4.9). 20%

12 3 4 5 6 7

0

% ..1 . . 2 . . 3 . . 4 ..

200 220 180 140

. 4.9

. . (!). D4 = 4*1, .. . D4 40. . D5:D7. (. 4.10). 20%

12 3 4 5 6 7

D

% ..1 .. 2 . . 3 . . 4 ..

200 220 180 140

40

0

#! 28000

. 4.10

85

, . . Ctrl+' ( , , ~ ()). (. 4.11). ( : 20% 0.2 ):

12 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

D

% ..1 . . 2 . . 3 .. 4 ..

200 =4*1 220 =5*2 180 =6* 140 =7*4

. 4.11

. D4 . ? D5 : 5 (!), 2 ( 1). 2 - . , , . D5 . D6 , "", , #! , D7 . , ! , ? , 1 1. . . Ctrl+\ . D4 . , :86

F2 (); . 1 F4. =4*$$1. - "", F4. D5:D7. (. 4.12).

12 3 4 5 6 7

20%

D

% ..1 .. 2 . . 3 . . 4 ..

200 220 180 140

40 44 36 28

. 4.12

. (. 4.13).

12 3 4 5 6 7

0.2

0

% ..1 .. 2 .. 3 . . 4 ..

200 =4*$$1 220 =5*$$1 180 =6*$$1 140 =7*$$1

. 4.13

1 . * R1C1. ( , .) : D5 =5*$$1, =6*$$1 , D7 87

=7*$$1. ! , . "/ ", "". " R1C1". ( Excel 5.0/7.0 R1C1). : , , , ..., 1, 2, 3, ... D4, =RC[-1]*R1C3. D4:D7. ! 1, , , , , D2 D, 2. R1C1 , (R Row ) ( Column ). D2 R2C4 , . =RC[-1]*R1C3 1 ( 1!). : , . : R , [-1] . , RC[-1] , , . : , . , = R[0]C[-1] *R1C3. R[i]C[j]? i j. : ( ) ( ) , -- ( ) ( ) . , , . , : 88

, , . , "". , . : =RC[-2] - RC[-1]. ( 0), , . 1. R1C1 . VBA. . . 4:8 ( , ) , , . . , , . D4:D7. 1. "/ / ". ( ), . . D4 =4* . , , . ("/ / / "). . . B3:D7 ( , , ). "/ ". . ( ) , : " ..". "". .89

4.5. . . , (, ), . "". . :8, ( Ctrl+C), "", 1, ( Ctrl+V). D #! (, ). . . ( Ctrl+V) " ". " ". "" "". , . > 4.6. : . , . 4.9. . 200, 5%. ( , , , .) 4.4.

4.3 . . , 190 . , , , 10 . . . . . "/ " , 90

190 . 4:7 , 10 . 200 ! 4:7 - 10 . " ", F , ( ). : "", " ..", "" ( "" D3 , :7, :7, ). > 4.7. ( .) f(x) = \2 + k2 , -2 2 0.1, k , . . , . * 4.10. F, = 0, F2=l, Fn=Fn.,+ Fn.2, D >2. 1 F(n) F(n)/F(n-1) 1.6180 14 2 1 0 . 3 2 1 Fn / Fn.| 1 0.6180 4 3 1 ( >1). 5 4 2 2 0.3820 6 5 3 1.5 0.1180 7 6 5 1.666667 0.0486 1.6 0.0180 8 7 8 1.625 0.0070 9 8 13 , 10 9 21 1.615385 0.0026 . 4.14 ( D1 . 4.14 ).91

4.11. Hershey Food Corporation 1982 - 1987 .. DOS hershey.txt: Hershey Food Corporation ( .)

1982 1566 1983 1663 1984 1848 1985 1996 1986 2170 1987 2434 , . . hershey.txt. "/ ", "". . "Dos OS/2" ( "MS-DOS(PC-8)"). " ". "". 5:10. 5:10 : "/ ". . , "". , . , . 5:10. ( ) ( 1982 .). . ( 6 D6, ). ( ). : . , . 92

( "/ / "; : " / / "). 1988 1989 2771 2952

. . Ch04.xls. * 4.12. : 12- , 12- , . 8 ( , , , , , ...; , , , , ... ..).

4.3. 4.5.

1 10. . , "" , , , . . , 1 . 1 1 , . "/ / ". "". "" " ", "" "", "" 1, " " 10. "". . , 2:11. "", 03

, . 1:1? , "" . 1. : Shift+Ctrl+ . Ctrl+ > , a Shift ; Ctrl+* (* ). (current region), .. , ; "/ " 75%. . . , . , . (Clipboard), Ctrl+Insert Ctrl+C. . : Enter "". 2. . . " ". " ". "" "". 2:11 . Esc ( , ). . 2 , 2:11. 2 =2*1. : 1. , 2:11? . 4.15. 1, 2, ..., 10 - . , ! =(-!)...!. 94

! , , 11 ? , =11 *10. = 11*1. . 2 =2*1 =2*$$1. 2:11 , . 2:11 Ctrl+R (R Right ). , : 2:11 . =*$$1, =*1. : , (), , (1), . ?

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 1 2 6 24 120 720 5040 40320 362880 3280 680. 4.15

2

D3

, , , ($) . ? 2 =$2*$1. 2:11 . R11. 95

=RC1*R1C. , - : , . "1". : (: $$3) (: ). (: $ $3). ? , F4. : : => $$3 => $3 => $ => , 2 2:11. , ( " "). 1:1 2:11 2 Ctrl+Shift+End. 2:11. Ctrl+D ( ) Ctrl+R ( ). . , Ctrl+End " ". . . (1:1 2:11) J5KJ "" . : , ( Ctrl+*), "/ / ", . > . Excel, ? .96

4.13. f(x,y) = 1 - 1, -2 3 0.25, 0 2 0.1. . . . 4.14. 0 89 1 . , . 4.16.SIN 0 10

0 000 .00 0.17360.9848

1 0.0175 0.19080.9877

9 0.1564 0.32560.9998

80

. 4.16

( sin (10+1) = sin 11) 4.15. 1 :20 . 1 2:20, . ( 4.2 .) . , "" . 4.16. "", "" "" . (. 4.17). D

12 3 4

2 1 2 1 0 2 3 2

3 1 0 1

1991 1992 1993 1994

. 4.177-3709

97

1. . 2. 8:12 , 100% . , 1991 . . 4.18.| 1991 | 40% | 0%. 4.18

| 60%

| 100%

|

3. A14:D19 , 100% . , "" . 4.19. 4. : . , . 4.17. 2 , , . 4.19 . , ( = 4, = 5) R = 3, . = 1.515698. , . R(a), , , R(d) = 3, "/ ". 4.18. , , . 4.19. : ; 2) \( /\b) = -\a v >b, {a v b) = > ,b . . .98

. , , . .. "" " ". , .

4.4. Excel , . . "" . . "" "". 30 . . , , =(2:9, 12, -4.96, 14:18). - , . 4.6.

( , ) . , , (. 4.20). . , 20 30 , 40 , =(1:) (. 4.21).. 4.207

*

99

. : , . . , . : "". ( ). . . 20 . 4 1 30 - (). 40 : Ctrl+1, "", " 25 " " =(1:) ". . 7. Excel 2000 : . > : , , . . . , , , . , 1 , 1 , (1 :1) , (1 :1) . 4.7.

[13]. osadki.txt. osadki.txt ( ):100

( ) 1992 1993 37.2 34.5 11.4 51.3 16.5 20.5 19.5 26.9 11.7 45.5 129.1 71.5 57.1 152.9 43.8 9. 66 85.7 7. 48 86 14.5 12.5 21 21.2 22.3

1994 8 1.2 3.8 11.9 66.3 60 5. 06 145.2 7. 99 74.9 56.6 9.4

osadki.txt ( "" ). "osadki". Ch04.xls. , (. 4.22), . 1 ( ) 2 1992 3 37.2 4

D

1993 34.5 22.3

199489.4

15 16 17 18 19 20

21.2531.7 129.1 11.4 44.3 38.1

21

632.3 152.9 14.5 52.7 40.8

567.8 145.2

1731.8 152.9 1.2 1.2 47.3 48.1 42.9 39.6

. 4.22101

: 17 =(4:15), 18 =(4:15), 19 =(4:15), 20 =(4:15), 21 =(4:15). 17:021. 17:21 . 17 =(17:017), 18 =MAKC(B18:D18) .. 21 =(4:015), =(21;21)! : ( " "). 21 . . 21, Ctrl+1 ( ), "", " ". : , ( ), , , .. Excel (Add-In) " ". : , , , .. "/ / ". .

, : . , , . ( , ) (.. ) , , , . , .. , 10 (. 4.23).

0

0

4

4

22

. 4.23102

22 =(4:15,"=10"), C23:D23. : 1993 . , 1994 . . =( D4:D15, "111

W*'

, , , . . "" "1!$4". : 4, "/ / ", "" . : "". 4, , , . , 8, "" 8. . . 1 . : $2 "", $1 "". 2 =* ( Ctrl+Shift+End, Ctrl+R, Ctrl+D). , =*. . , . > 4.13. 4.12.

. 2 "!" "". 40. "". D5, 30. "/ / ". " " "" " !" "". "2" =. 40, . "", 30. , "" . "2" =!. 30. , . >112

4.14.

. . temp.xls. . ( Ctrl+N). 1 =1.. 40. 2 =[1.18]!. 30. , . temp.xls : =[temp.xls]JlHCTl!B2. . > \

4.7. [9, .57-64]. 10 . : , . : , , ..

0-3709

. Excel , . , , , , , , . Excel, Excel . Ch05.xls.

5.1. "". "/ " ( Ctrl+1). , , . "". Excel . : "/". 5.1.

. Ch04.xls "". - . "/ ". . , , " 1". 114

. , . ? "/ / ". Del, . , "/ / ". >

5.2. . , . . 1 5257.687. , . 1 00256.3 . 1 .34 0 . , D1 - , 123456789.123456. . , ( ), 1.23+08, .. 1.23*10*. , ###. , . : Ctrl+ShiftH. . 1 2. 2 Ctrl+1. , "". . "" ( ""). "". . ( 2) . : . 8* 115

. : 5 257.69. , , . () () Excel, Windows. . . . , " " Windows , , . Excel . , , . A3 - 4527.54 4. A3 , 4 . ( ). , 4 , . A3 . A3: $ USD ( ). . , 18/43. (, ). , , : 0 18/43. 18/43, ( ) 0.418604651162791, .. . 5/8, : Excel : 05- ( : 05/08/2000). 5.1. : ) ; ) . , .116

5.2.

. (. 5.1) (ETC).

1

60000

2 3 4 5 6

.

7.36 8.17 9.07441 600 490 200 544200

15 16 17

. 5.1

: ( )*(). ( 01/01/98). : , ( " ") 0 ( " "). : 60 000 60. , . 5.2.

1

60

2 3 4 5 6

.15 16 17

7.368.17 9.07

442 490 544

. 5.2

: 4 441.6! , 4:6 . ( 1) . (. 5.3). >117

1

.15 16 17

60.00

2 3 4 5 6

7.36 8.17 9.07

441.60 490.20 544.20

. 5.3

, "-". , - . , , " ". , , . . , . : , , ( , 2.3 " ").

5.3. Excel . . , . , () . : , , , , . , , . , , .118

. , (Excel 97): " / , / , " " ". 5.3.

. 0, #, ? . A1:D1 42.1, A2:D2 23.76. 1:2, 1:2, D1:D2. Ctrl+1 "" "( )". "" ( Excel 5.0/7.0 "") , (. 5.4) (, , ).42.1 042.100 42.1 42.1 023.760 2 23.76 23.76 23.76 000.000 #### #.# ???? ?.? 3. 5.4

1

D

, 0 , ? , , # . # . 5 12345.679. # ###.##. . ( Windows.) 12 345.68. 32.257. 32.26. 000.00, 0 032.26, . ? ???.??, . 119

, - #, , . , . , # ###.00 , , 0. "" . [23]. 1532 : 0 . 2, 2000 . , . * . *-. , ( , ). _ () , . 6:17 1 12. , , . 0._). > 5.4.

. [23]. # ##0.00_);[]( # ##0.00);0.00_);": "@ (. 5.5): "", 1.147 1.15 0.12 0.12 . . "" . . 5.5 . , , , 120-2345.7 (2 345.70) 0.00 :

. ": ", , . @ , . > 5.2. ( ). . ., , "". . 5.3. 60 . , 60 60 /. 5.4. . . , ": ", ": ", , "". , , . , , , . : , , ;;;. -. 5.5. , , ? . : , Excel , , . .121 5.5.

1:10 : 2, 3, 4, 5. , , . 1:10 [=2][];[=5][];[] . , , , . . , , , . . . , Excel, : [][=2];[][=5];[] . > 5.6. : 12.45%, 30% .. . , 50%, . 5.6.

[23]. , 1, " 6.2 ". 6.4. , , , "". : ""? 6.1. _ . , . . , , , . , Excel , . VBA. 6.5. . , . ( .). . 6.2.

, () ? F3 12, G3 14, G4 = F3 & G3. 1214. (): G5 =4(G4). 0. ! G4 ? : G6 =G4*1. 1214. , Excel 9* 131

G4 ; . . F8:F10 : '10, '12 '15. ? G8 1; "" (Ctrl+C); F8:F10; " "; "", "", Esc. > . 6.3.

[23]. ( 1) :123 5ZBNWQ 84

( , , ). , . . 1 =(((1,1,3)*1), ((1 ,(1) -3)), (((1,1,2)*1), ((1 ,(1) -2)), ((1 ,(1) -1)))) . , . , , . > 6.6. ( ). : "", "", "" (, "42 "; , 11 14 ""). 6.2. . .132

6.7. 2:10 , (, 2 "1,2,4", A3 "1,3,6" ..)- 1 , 2. 2:10 , "" "" , 1 ( 2 "", ""). 11 2:10, .

6.2. "". , Windows 95. , //. 6.4.

. 1. , Excel, 1 1 1900 . Excel 5.0/7.0 1/1/00, Excel 97/2000 1/1/1900 ( 1/1/00 1/1/2000 Microsoft ). 2:10 2/1/1900, 3/1/1900 ... ( "/ / "). 1:10 1:10. 1:10 "". : Ctrl+ShiftH "/ / / ". , 1:10 1,2, ..., 10. , Excel , 1 1900 . 1:10 ( Del). 2. 1 =(). ( " "). . 1 "". , XX . . 3. 1 , "/ / / ".133

4. . 2 =(1), A3 =(1), 4 =(1). , , - . , 1998, 2 20/06/05. , , 1:10, . . 2:4 "". : "/ / ". . 5. . 5 =(1,2) ( ). 6. ? 1 1:1 ( ). . , 1 "/ / / ( )" ":" . "". . 1 , D1 , 1 . . . ( , ). 2:5 , 1:1. 2 =(1,""). , . , - . 2 : F2 : '=(1 ,""). :5 ( ). "", "", "". .134

7. =(1,'). . , =((1 ,")). . 8. , , . , , ="24/01/99" - "19/12/97". . 9. , , Excel 2000. , ( Excel ), : 00 29 2000 2029; 30 99 1930 1999. , 02/03/29 02/03/2029, 02/03/31 02/03/1931. ! > 6.8. . 6.9. . 2001 . - . 1 30 . 6.10. 7 981022 (.. 22 1998 .). Excel : "/ " ( , , ). 6.11. ( Excel 97/2000 -^ ). 1 30 2000 . , , , . , "" , : (, , ). . , , . ,135

=(99, -2, 42) 11/11/98 (, ). 6.12. , . (. 6.3). 1998 (1 13/01/98 2 13/02/98 ). Excel 97/2000, 12 13/12/98 ( . 6.3 "/ " ). , . , : Ctrl+; . 6.3. . "/ / ". . 1. 31/12/1999 31/12/2000. 2. 2000 . . , . Excel . 1. 1 "1 .". 1. ..

6.5.

2 .

3 .

4 .

.

2 .

3 .

4 .

2. A3 "". 18. :18 . "" "". Excel ? "/ / " : .136

: "", "", D3 "", B3:D3 . , , . > 9 .

6.3. , " ", "/ ". ( _, _). _ _. _ ; . , . 6.6.

, 4 3 2000 . ( 4, -2) 36585. : Ctrl+1/ / /, 16/04/97 ( Excel 2000 : 14/03/99), 29/02/00. > 1 6.13. : ) ; ) , , . 6.14. 1 " 1999 .", 1999 ., .. . 1999 ., , , " 1998 .". ( . 1 1 1.)137

( , , ) . , . , , , . , , . , (, ("23/06/99") ). 6.15. 2000 . ( 1, 2, 7 ). .

6.4. 6.7.

1. ::. , 15:56:48, .. 15 . 56 . 48 . (15:24). , (18:). 2. . 12:, .. 12 . 12:00. ( Ctrl+Shift+~). 0.5, .. . 9:, 18: . , . . , 12/02 15:. 12/02/99 15:00 ( 1999). . 36203.625, .. 01/01/1900 . > 6.8.

6 . 14 15. 16 ? D1 14/4 6:, D2 16/4 15:. D3 = D2 - D1 [].138

: 57 . []::. 57:00:00. ( ) . > 6.16. 2.7 , 0 23, 0 59 59 13257 , . . . 6.17. 9:00 11:30 . (45 .) ? 6.18. CD ROM : 6:47, 4:23, 5:56, 4:14. .

6.5. . , . - . 1998 ., . , . 181 , 184 . ( , Excel.) . : (365, 366) ; , 12 , 30 . . , , . , : . , 139

. ? , 360- : 360( _, _, ). _ _ -- , " 11/2/98" ( : , , "11.2.98", #!). () . : . , . , , , NASD (National Association of Securities Dealers ()). : " 31- , 30- . 31- , 30- , 1- , 30- ." - . , 28 29 30 . , . , 31- , 30- . 6.9.

31 28 1996 . . D (. 6.4) , . 31/08/96 01/09/96, , 140

360 , , . >

1 28/07/96 31/08/96 342 3

D

=1-1 33 =360($$1,$$1) 32 =360($$1 ,$$1 .)

. 6.4

, : (_, _, ). _ _ . US (NASD) 30/360 , 1 / 2 /360 , 3 /365 4 30/360 . 6.5 . (. 6.5). 6.10.

28 31 1996 . . . 1996- . . (. 6.6). , D . 6:10 , , 6:10. , . , 1, , 5, , , .141

5

D

6 0.091667 =33/360 7 0.093151 =34/365 8 0.094444 =34/360 9 0.093151 =34/36510 0.088889 =32/360

0.092896 =$$1/366 0.091667 =($$1 ,$$1 ,0) 0.093151 =($$1 ,$$1 , 1 ) 0.094444 =($$1 ,$$1 ,2) 0.093151 =($$1 ,$$1 ,3) 0.088889 =($$1 ,$$1 ,4)

. 6.6

, . 1 31/08/95, =($$1,$$1) 1. > 6.19. 1 . : ) " ", ) " " .

6.6. Excel 97 : , , , . 6.11.

(. 6.7). 11 12 , 09/09/99 12 . 10/09/99 14 : 13/09/99 11 11/09/99 12/09/99, 14/09/99 12 . , . 6.7 , "/ / " X "" "". " " . , . 1>

().

7.1. 7.1. test.txt ( 68 ): .. .. .. .. 1 2 320 12 13 14 3 14 25 18 17

( DOS . , .) . : 18 "2", 18 32 "3", 33 48 "4", 48 "5". , . . , . "/ " ( Ctrl+O). "". test.txt. . , DOS. "". 143

, , "". . . ( ), . . 1 "". . . F1 "". . . 1- . . . : < 18 2 < 33 3 < 49 4 5 , ( ). 2- . . . . "TEST", "/ ". "". (. 7.1). : . 1:4 tabl ( (Ctrl+*) ( . 7.1 ) tabl). , .144

: ( _, _, _, _). _ -- ( 2). _ ( tabl). , 20. _ 20 , , " ", 18 ( : , _). _ 2, 3 ( , 18). _ . , _ , , . _ ( 0), _ , _. , G2 =(2,2). ( " "). , . . . . , tabl . "TEST", 1:1_4. , , tabl. , Test. , F G , "" G1 F. . . 1 " ". A1:F1 " ". . , 12 .10

-3709

146

(" .." ..) ( " " ""). . , . : - ( , , , .. ). "/ ". . , "". " ". " .", " ". "" . . , , . : . . . : , Ctrl+1, " " "", " ". . #._). : (#) (.), , ; _) , , . , Ctrl+1, "". "( )" , . . , . 7.2. ( ). "" . . 146

, . . .. 1 2 1. .. 13 16| 20 49 5 14 2. . . 20 25 59 5 3. .. 19 23 17 59 5 4. . . 20 16 54 5 18 5. . . 13 11 4 15 3966. ..

4 3 8 12.136 11.318 11.894. 7.2

15 35.348

2

, : , ( ). ( , ) , . "/ " ( ). . "", "/ " ( . "/ "). . , 5, . . : . . - ( Excel 97/2000). : . , 5, , , ( : 1, 2, 3).10*147

. , , , . , D, , F. " " ( , Ctrl-, "", " "). C:F "". 1 :G1 , . , . : , . "/ / ". , . " ", , , . : "/ / ". . > 7.1. . "", "", "", "". . . . 7.2. . . 7.1. , , , .. , " 1". ( Ctrl+Z), . , , .. . (, , ). . . 7.1.148 7.2.

. "!". J2, 2, L2. "2", "", "4". 4 . . 13 =(, $3: C$68). 13. , .. 16- ( ) ( :68) 13- . . , . 13:1_68. ( . 7.3 ). 1 2

13 1 3 6

21 15 14

2 1 9 16

4 1 1 3

. 7.3

, 59. . . . "!" , 3. 13:168 Ctrl+F ( "/ "). "". 3. " " "", " ". ( , , .) " ". 15 . , , 3. 9 . >149

: ets.txt .. ( , , .) ets.txt (ETC). ets.txt ( ):. 60

7.3.

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

3.12 3.53 3.99 4.51 5.10 5.76 6.51 7.36 8.17 9.07 10.07

, 9- , (60 .) 3.12. . : .., , ( ). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . 17 17 16 15 15 15 15 15 14 13 13 13 13 11 11

150

19% . . ets.txt. . (A3:13) ets. .. . D . . . ets ( Ctrl+F6 - - ; "", ). : =BnP(C4,etS.txt!etS,3) ( [ets.txt]ets!ets, .. ets.txt "ets", ets; ets , ). . , . , ets. , , , , , 6- ( Ctrl+Z ). . 1 19%. . , . D (.. ). 1159.15. F . F4 =(04*$$1,2). , . F. 1159.11 . , , F .151

. prep.xls ets.xls. . prep.xls. . , _ . (, ). , . , . : , .. > * 7.1. prep.xls ets.xls , "/ ". ( " "). 7.3. (. 7.4). , 1998 . 20000. 20001 . 40 000 . 40 001 . 60 000 .

12%

2 400 . + 1 5% , 20 000 .

5 400 . + 20% , 40 000 .

60001 . 80 000 . 80001 . 100000. 1 00 00 1 .

9 400 . + 25% , 60 000 .

14 400 . + 30% , 80 000 .

20 400 . + 35% , 100000.. 7.4

152

. , 1998 . . , . 7.4. 6.14 , ( " "). . .

7.2. . : ( _, , _). ,, . _ -1,0 1. _ 1, , , _ . . _ 0, , _. . _ -1, , , _, . _ . _ , , 1. , . (. 7.5). 7.4.

1

D F 4 1 4 3 2 2

. 7.5153

1 , 1 :1 , F1 =( 1, 1 :1, 0). 2, 4 . 1 5, F1 #/. 1. 1 3, F1 1. : , 1, , . . > 7.5.

"" (. 7.6):

12 3 4 5

1 300 60 35 30. 7.6

30 270 50 30 26

D 50 250 45 25 22

"" , . . , 6 , 300 . , 30 . 270 ., 58 250 . "" , . 7.7.

12 3 4

D

1 . 36 50 1800.00 25 1400.00 56 12 30 360.00

. 7.7

. D ( ).154

. "". 2:5 "", 1:5 "". "" 2. ( 2) "". , , . 1, "" "". , 2 =( 2, , ( 2, , 0) +1). D2 =2*2. . , "" "", "". . , . . "/ " ( ":2"). "/ / ". "" (). "". , . , . . ( -: : "/ "). . "" ( ). 1 "". 1:1. . > 7.5. 1 :8 . . ( , .)

7.3. . : ( , _, _).155

() , , . ( .) 7.6.

B4:D6 (. 7.8). =(4:06,2,3) 6, =(4:06,2,4) #!, . > 7.6. . 7.8 7.5. "" 1 :D4 A7:D10. 8 . , ( ) . 7.2. ( Excel 97). " " ( "" "") , . 7.6. . 7.7.

. (. 7.9).

. 7.9

, . , (.. , (x,yi) ; ).156

, [24, . 104]. . , (^) (xi+].yi+\), = (*-*,) + yt , . ,

: , - '-, */+! ~,

.

.

. , . (. 7. 10):

12 3 4 5

X

DX

3

F 2

k3 5 7

2 4 7

1

-11.333333 2 0

8

. 7.10

2 =(-2)/(-2) :4, 5 0. 2:5 blk, 2 . F3 =(,,3)*((,1))+(,1 \, > 2. > 8 7 (.. >> =). 2 1, F2 #/ (). , = \. . , #/, . =(( (1>1)),(1>1>2),(,,3)*(-(,11)) + (,,2)). >

157

14 . . . 1 :5, , 4 7 7 8. ? . 1:1 7:7. 8:14 2 1. 8 =(8,,2,0) 9:14. : 0 , .. , , . (. 7.11). 3, 5, 7 , #/. , . _, , _, (, , ). . 7.11 , . > 7.7. 5 6 tabl . : ) ; ) . . 7.9. 7.8.

B3:D6 "" (. 7.12).158

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 1 1

1 4 710

2 5 811

3

6912

3 2 4 3

. 7.12

D8:D11 : D8 =(), D9 =(), D10 =(), D11 =(). . > 7.8. 1:10. , . 7.10.

4.6. [35, . 112] . .4.20. 4 =(1 :) =(1: (:,()-1)). , . . =((:,1):(:,()-1)). . . >

[

(array formula) . , . Excel, , . , . . Ch08.xls.

8.1. 8.1.

(. 4.1). , , Ch03.xls Ch04.xls (. 8.1). 2 1992 3 1993 4 1994 5 1995

1

200 360 410 200. 8.1

150 230 250 180

D

160

D2 = 2 2, D3:D5. = - .. - 2.5 - 2:5. , ? , . . . (1:5) "/ / ". 2:5 "", 2:5 - - "". , , . . . . . 1. D2:D5. D2. 2. =. 3. F3. " ". "" "". = . 4. . 5. F3. " " "" "". = - . 6. Ctrl+Shift+Enter. {=-}. . . , . Enter, , a Ctrl+Shift+Enter ( Enter Ctrl Shift). . Enter, D2 (!). , , , . ( ).* -3709 161

. , . 1 :5 11 :15. . D12:015. D12. =. 12:15, -, 12:15, CtrH-Shift+Enter. {=12:15-12:15}. . . , D2, Ctrl+/. . , " , ". . F5 ( "/ "). "", " ". . , . , D2 Del. " ". . : ( Ctrl+/), F2, , Ctrl+Shift+Enter. (, , {= - - 1}, .) . 199| 240| 200|

1996 .? , , : D5 D6 ( ). . 40 50, .. . 40, {= 16:19 - 16:19} , . ( D12 Ctrl+/),

162

. D6 D16. . ( 1: "/ / ", Excel : " ?" ""). D2:D6, F2 () , , Ctrl+Shift+Enter. D12:D16, F2 . 12:15 12:16, 12:15 5 6. Ctrl+Shift+Enter. . 1996 . ( D6 #/ ). , F2 ( ""). . ( Ctrl+Enter). . . D2:D5, F2, , Ctrl+Shift+Enter. . , . 4. , , , , , . > "". , , (-) (). : : b , , = , + /, / ; : , .. b = /la , bi = Aat.11* 163

8.1. 1 :4 - v 3, -2, 4, 7. w = 2v, . : v. v -12 8 . . , , v - (, DV.G1; . {=2*v} v 2. {=2*v - 1} ( ). . 2v - (1,1,..., 1).

8.2. " .". 8.2.

(-) 2:5 : 1,2,3,4. B2:D5 -, - 2,-3, 4. . : 2, -3, 4 1:01, 2 =$2*$1 B2:D5. . 2:05. {=2:5*{2;-3;4}}. , : 1:01 . . {2;-3;4} -, 2:5 . , - (4 1) - (1 3) ( 4 x 3 ) : " 2 -3 4'

[2 -3 4] =

4 - 6 8 6 -9 12 8 -12 16

164

{={2;-3;4}* 2:5}, , (1x3) - (4x1) - ( ). , , , . > , -. 8.2. A10:D10 : 1, 2, 3, 4. F10:I12 {={2:3:4}*A10:D10}. 8.2. , .

8.3. , Excel , . , , , . 8.3.

. ( _, _) , _ , _. , _ {::}, : (-,], (a,b], (ft,], (,]. , , .., , 7 (7,8J, 8 (7,8J. _. 1:10 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5, 4, 4,3 . 1:4 2, 3, 4, 5 . 1:5 ( 1 , ) {=(1:10,1:4)>. : 3, 2, 3, 1, 1. . 165

{=(1:10,{2:3:4:5})}. 1 :4. > 8.3. 7.1 , , , . ( , , .) 10 . 8.4.

. , : ( , _ , _ , , ). F3:H5 (. 8.2). G4:H5 F9:G10 F9:G10 {=(, . 8.2 1,1,2,2)}. : F3 , . , , =((,1,1,2,2)) 11. , G4:H5. > . . , 7. , tabl (, 5 5), 5 1 {=(1,,3)}.

8.4. "". , : (), , , , .166

8.5.

. Mw.N, N=

. MaNs 1 :2 1 :G2. 4:5 {= 1:2 + E1:G2}. , , , . , A4:D6? "" #/, .. "". 4:5? , - . . . 1:2 E1:G2 N. E4:G5 {= + N }. , , . 2 - N. 7:8 {= 2* N }. 1 -3 11 5 -6 10

1

-2 11

2M-N =

-4

13

7

* 8.4. ( ) . , Excel . , . , Excel , "". : ; ; ; .

167

, . , . (, , . .) "" "". 8.6.

"-73 78 24" = 92 66 25 -80 37 10 . , = 10.01. . 1 :. 5 =(1 :). 7:9 . 7:9 ( , ). {=(1:)}. , Ctrl+Shift+Enter ( ""). 7:9, 7 Excel ( Enter), : 7:9, F2 (), , Ctrl+Shift+Enter. 1:9 E1:G9. - : G3 10 10.01. ! : .168

: 1: , 7:9 Ainv, E1:G3 , E7:G9 APinv. , "/ / ", "". . 12:14 {=(,1)}, E12:G14 -- {=(,)}. , . 8.3.

1

2 3 4 1 5 6 7 -265 366 108 8 -2920 1190 4033 9 8684 -3539 -11994 10 11 1 -2.91 -11 -5.82-11 12 1 13 0 0 14 0 0 1

-73 92 -80

78 66 37 24 25 10

D

-73 92 -80

F

G78 66 37 24 25 10.01

-118.94 222 .2 2.5 458 -73.012 -0.901 -3.077 -.9 -397 999 3.0 29.754 100.840

1 1.14-13 1.82-12 1 0 0 1 -1.147-13 5.68-14

. 8.3

, , . > 8.5. : I7:K9 (=abs(A-AP)} {=abs(Ainv-APinv)}, . 8.1. . . , , . (- -) 169

. , :

=({ -73; 78; 24: 92; 66; 25: -80; 37; 10}) 8.2. 1 2=

,

4

1 2 2

1 1 2

-4 1

dct(PQQP}. . 8.3. "3 2 1 2"_4 1 1 3_

2SS - , , . 8.4. =

T

= ~].

8.5. 4 - 1

- 10 -i , . . * 8.6. , , , ? 8.6. , , (. 8.4),170

2 - 3 7

2 6 5 6 20 14 5 14 52 10 11 12. 8.4

10 11 12 245

. . , . , 1, 1:1, 1:2, 1: .. . , Excel . , , MatLAB (Matrix LABoratory), Mathematica, Derive.

8.5. "". , , ? Excel . 8.7. 1 :4 1, 4, 9, 16. 1:4 {=(1:4)}. : 1, 2, 3, 4. , . (, , 1 =(1) 2:4.) , . D1:D2 . 1:2 {=(01:02,)}. 1 :2.

171

, , . Excel, , . , , Mathematica [8] , ( ) (), "listable". [8] " ", . Excel. . /^, . 5 =(1:4). , , 10. , 1 :4. 5 {=((1:4))}. , , , .. Ctrl+Shift+Enter. 6 , , #!. > , , , , . . 8.8.

, , .. . 1 :2 (. 8.5).

12

D

. 8.5

D2 {=((1:2, D1))}. 172

. 4:5 {= (1:2, D1)}, (. 8.6). (4:5) . , D2.

. 8.6

, . (. 8.7). 2

1

#/

0

. 8.7

2 =(2,1:1,0). 2 "", 2 ( ). , , #/. , , : =( ( ( 2, 1 :D1 , 0))). 2. > , , . 8.7. 1:10 ,, 2,..., 10. : )

; )

~/2) 5

) / + , , . 8.9.

4.6 . , , 173

20 80 ( ). . "osauki" Ch04.xls Ch08.xls. 22 25 : " ". , [13]. F4:H15 , . F4 =( (4>20,420, ( 4:1520,420,(4:1520, (4:1520, (4:15 8.7. (.. , 10 80) , 57.1 . 43.8 8.8. 1:20 . ? 8.9. 1:10 21.2 \, 02,..., aw. 159.3 :,-2, 3,..., -]0).

. 8.9

175

. ;

) a\a2+aici3+.. .+\\ .. , . 8.10.

1:10 . ? . , : 2:10 - 1:9 ( 10 9, 9 8 ..); ( 2:10 - 1:9>0, 1, 0); ( ( 2:10 1:9>0, 1, 0)). ( 1 ), , . (=( ( (2:10-1 :9>0,1,0))=(1 :10)-1, "", " ")} , , . > 8.10. 1:10 . : ) ; ) 3 5; ) ; ) , . 8.11. Excel 97 . ( "/ / "), "" "/ ". : (. 8.10), . ( . 9 , . 10 ). 8.12. . 176

"", 12 , 18 21 . 12 : 18 ; 11 ; 15 , . 8.10 ( ). , 9 . "" (. 8.11). , . (. 8.12) . 8.11 . ( : ).

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

. 8.12

? , 10 ? [23, .277-278]. 1:10. , , , . . . : , . . . .12-3709

8.11.

177

:6 5, 4, 8, 6. 5:8 (=CTPOKA(tabl)}. 3, 4, 5, 6, .. , tabl. 2, . 2 tabl, 1. , 5:8. G6 =(5:8,1) -1. 2. . 5:8 : {=,(1)-(( tabl), 1) + 1)}. , . >

8.6. Excel , . 8.12. . : , . , (. 8.13). R 5 {=( 2:4 * 2:4)}. ( 12.44 23 [37]). 23.18 19 16.70 30 =( 2:4, 2:4).1227.54

8.13.

1 :20 ( ). "". [23, .130-131]178

{=((1:20="",1,0))}. =(1:20, ""). > 8.13. 1 :5 1 :5 v w. , .. , 1) , 2) Excel.

8.7. . . ( .) , , , . : ^include void main() { double a,b, , d; // // , b, , d printfC'a = " ) ; // " = " scanf ("%lf ", ) ; // printfC'b = "); // " = " scanf ("%1", &); // b = / b; // b d = + b; // b printfC'c = %f, d = % f \ n " , c , d ) ; // // } , , d . Turbo C++, , = 1, b = 0, , , d = + ; . :12* 179

floating point error: Divide by 0.

Abnormal program termination. ( : 0. ). , Visual C++ = I.#INFOO d = i . o o o o o , .. . , (. 8.14). 1 2 . -alb, 4 1 =+. , Excel a/b #/0! , ( 1 a+b , ). #/0!, , 2 , . Excel , . . #/0! . , . #? , ( "/ / "). , . #! , Excel ; Enter, Ctrl+Shift+Enter; . #! , ( , ). #/ . (, , ..), _.180

: " / , ". ( Excel 2000 " / / , ".) 8.8. . .. . , . , , . , , #/, #/. 8.9. . , . . (. 8.15). , ,

. 8.15

8.10. . 8.11. , , . .181

" " 2. =*(-)*(-)*(-_). 8 =( ( ( * ( - ) * ( - ) * ( -)), ""- ( * ( - ) * ( - ) * ( - _))), , . =((8), S/). >

8.14.

8.8. . . [9, .71-73] 10 . . . . , 8.19 . , , , , , .. , , . , . 8.14. 1 :20. , , 1. 8.15. 1 :10. "", .. ( )? 8.16. 1:11. ( 1, -34, 8, 14, -5 )?182

8.17. 1 :11. ? 8.18. F1:F10. . 8.19. G2:G12, . . 8.20. F1 :F12. , . 8.21. 1 :8 . , , 1.( , .) 8.22. [23, .275-276] F1:F10. , .

Excel . : ( , , , , ; , , , ); (, , ); ( , , ). , , . kadr.dbf. FoxPro DOS.

9.1. kadr.dbf, . kadr.dbf , . , . Excel , "/ " "DBF 3". (. 9.1).184

FAM IM TAB POL DR OTDEL 855 07/06/56

OKLAD DETI ADR TEL 200000 0 . ,74-76 502-28-45

. 9.1

: FAM , IM , , TAB , POL , DR , OTDEL , OKLAD , DETI , ADR , TEL - . Fox Pro DOS. ( Excel , .) 68 . . : , , , . ( - .) 9.1.

kadr.dbf ( Ctrl+O, " dBase (*.dbf)"). kadr. ( Ctrl+*, "/ / ", ). "" "" . : , ; , . , (1- ) ( ) . "/ " ( ), , , "/ ". , , . . , : "/ " "/ ".185

. , . , . "/ ". " " . OKLAD . 01/01/98 . . - , L2, 1000. ( Ctrl+Insert). " ". "". 1000 . Esc, L2. , , : . L2 ( ). . . : 10% ( ). . F1 "", G1 10%. , . "OKLAD" , "" "" . : . , _. . ( Ctrl+S), ( Ctrl+F4) ( Ctrl+O). >186

9.2. ( ). 9.2.

"/ ". . . , , . . () . . , "" "". "" ( , ). "": . . , . _ ( , !) . , ( Ctrl+Z) . (, ). , "" . "" . "" "" , . , , , 1940 . "". "POL" "" ( ), "DR" ". , , "/ /".

. "". f 188

9.4. . . 9.4.

. Excel . "" . "/ " " " POL ( ) " ". , , "" "". , " ", .. . , . "OTDEL". : , , , . , , , , , ? : 1) ; 2) : , ; 3) : ; 4) OTDEL " "; 5) =(4,,2) ( G OTDEL); 6) ; 7) ; 8) . . . Excel : . : 1) : "/ / " ( );189

2) " "; 3) : "" ( , ); 4) OTDEL, "" " " . , "", . , . . POL " " . . . . : , , , , . . : : , , , ( ). : : , , . : . : ( ). . , . : "" ( ), "" ( ). , " ".190

: , . . ( Ctrl+F4) . kadr.dbf. , . . , ! . . 1 "N", 2 1. 2. Shift , , " " ( 2:2) Ctrl + ( 2:69). : "/ / ". "". . " ". _ ( ""). ! ( Ctrl+Z). _ . : "/ / ", _, "" =kadr!$B$1:$L$69 . , . > 9.2. , . 9.3. , , , , , , . ( "N"). 9.4. ( ) . ( , .) , .191

9.1. . , , . 9.5. , , " .." ( !). , (, , ), , , . , , .

9.5. Excel . ( Ctrl+F4) kadr.dbf. (.. 1000 ). . 9.5.

. . "/ ". : " :" OTDEL, ":" "", " :" OKLAD. "". OKLAD. , ( ). OTDEL ( OKLAD), "" . OKLAD ////. , . OKLAD.192

. . 1 , 2 , 3 , , , . 2. : . OKLAD . 3. : . 9.6. . 9.7. . 2. , . +, . , . , " " . , (, ). .. , . : . "/ ". -, " " ( , ). : OTDEL, "", DETI. "". , , . . : 1! . ! . 13-3709 193

( DETI). . , . , ( 4), , . . . "/ " ( F5). "...". "". , . . ( . " " .) : "/ / ". . >

9.6. , . 9.6.

. . . "/ / " ( , ). , , , . OTDEL. (.. : ). . OTDEL . . , . : " : 22 68" ( ""). , OTDEL "()".194

, "/ / ". . : . OTDEL, POL, DETI. . ( 10...). Excel 7.O. : 10? k , k " ". , .. . OTDEL. . , , 1 1900 . DR , . , DR 3 . . . 12% ( "% "). . ( ) . 8 . 9 , 14 . , , , . . () , (). , . . , , , . . OTDEL (...). " " OTDEL, .. , ,

13*

195

. (, , ..). . ( ), - . , " ", " ". : . . : "... ". , 0 . . - "" ""! 9.8. , 200 300 . 9.9. , 50- . , , . , , , " ( ) ( )". . . : * ( ), ? . , , , " * *", , 7, 2, " ?72*". . > 9.10. , "". 9.11. , "". 9.2. Excel 97 ", , ..." " , ,... ". 196

"", " " . .

9.7. () . , . : (, , , ; ""); ( , , ); , ; ; , ; ; . . . , , . ( "/ ") "". , 200 . . "" (, 1:2), . 9.2. 9 2 "1". ( - . , .)197 9.7.

, ( ). , , . : . : ( , ), ,>,>=,150

OKLAD 9.9.

, , 200 . . ( "") . 9.5. "". . : "((OTDEL = ) (OKLAD )) ((OTDEL ) (OKLAD < 200))". . 9.5 (- ). > 9.10.

? . "OTDEL ". . 9.6. "4". kadr OTDEL . 9.6 . , , "4", 68 , . . , " ". . >199

9.11.

? . , : * ?. : "((OTDEL = ) (OTDEL = )) (ADR "")". . : , v , , , ; ( + ) = + bc . (. 9.7). >OTDEL ADR

'* '*

. 9.7 9.12.

, 20% ? . . . kadr 71 =(2:69). "" (. 9.8).OTDEL

=H2>kadr!$H$71*1.2

. 9.8

( , ). . 200

(2) (kadr!$H$71), 1.2 (.. 20%). , , . Excel : 2, .. 71 , 2 72 .. , 2 , $$71 . , , ( : =2>$$71*1.2). . , . , . (. 9.9). >OTDEL

=H2>CP3HA4(kadr!$H$2:$H$69)*1

.2

. 9.9

9.8. 4 . ( ). : , , .. , " ", - (D functions). , : , ( . _); , ( , ). : -( , , ).201

. . (. 9.10). "_". =(_,"1",_). . 9.10 " ". . , . > 9.12. 8.12 ( "" 1 :20) -. 9.3. 8.9 "osadki" (.. , 20 80). 1992 . . ( Ch08 , .) , ( ) . , . 9.13. "osadki" 1 ( ) ( 2 "osadki(2)"). 37.2 3 1992 (. 4 11.4 1992 9.11) (, 14 1992 21.2 ). 15 1993 34.5 1:1 . , 9.4 38 1994 "", . 9.11 . * .. .

9.13.

202

, , 1993 . 9.14. "" Ch05.xls. , , . "/ / ", " ". 4:8 . , , , , 110. "", "", "", "", "". :4, "", "", " " ( "" !). , :4 :4 . . :4, Ctrl+1, "", " ". :4. "" A3, "" ( 4 4). A3 4 4. :. 4:4 "/ / ". . 9.15. (. 9.12). : A3 =(1,99), :10, ( A3:, , " ").

1997 1996 1 . 2. . 4. 1 . 2. 3 . 4. 90 38 32 62 76 31 90 41 68 22 68 23 40 20 35 66. 9.12203

, ?

9.9. . kadr : , , .. ( ). 9.4. ( 8.19) G2:G12, . . 9.5. kadr ( ). 9.6. , kadr ? 9.7. , kadr ? 9.8. 8.11 . 9.9. , (. 9.13). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 9.13204

6 8 5 58 7 4 7

16.8 20.6 18.4 14.4 22.6 17.5 13.9 21.1

1. " ..", " " , , . 2. , 0.1 . ( : " ..", " ".)

. . ( ). . ( ) . Chl0.xls.

10.1. , , . Excel 2000 Excel 5.0/7.0 Excel 97. . kadr.dbf. 1000 . Chl0.xls. 10.1.

. . . . : "/ ". . . " Microsoft Excel" (, ). Excel 2000 .206

" ". ">". , . Excel "", _ ( ). ">". . . , (. 10.1). Excel 2000 "".

. 10.1

. . OTDEL , OKLAD ( - ). OKLAD , OKLAD OTDEL " OKLAD". 2651.5 " 3110.6 ", OKLAD 4711.5 . 4562.4 ( Excel 15036 2000 . 10.2 ). . " ". ( 1) . 10.2. Excel 2000 , . 10.2, , . , .207

. ( F2 ) 1 2. ( , ). 2. (. 10.3). 2651.50 3110.60 4711.50 4562.40 15036.00

. 10.3

. , Excel 2000 "" . , , . . . . . " " 2 1 ( , ). ' (. 10.4). 2651.50 3110.60 4711.50 4562.40 15036.00

. 10.4

: . "", . "" ", " pivot. () Excel Pivot Table.208

. . . , "/ ". , " " ( "/ / "). " " . , , , . , , , . . , (cache). . "/ " , , , . . . . - , , " " ( Excel 2000 " "). " ". "" : "", " ", "", ... "". (. 10.5): OKLAD 340 340 340 310 340

. 10.5

" " "". , " ". "" 14 -3709

209

"". " " . " " " ". "" . (. 10.6). OKLAD 100.00% 17.63% 20.69% 31.33% 30.34%

. 10.6

10.1. . ( 100%). 10.2. , . : "", "", "", "". , "", . . ( : "/ ", " "). "/ / " ( Del, ). , , . ( Ctrl+Z). , Excel 2000 . . " " ( , " "). DETI . . . , " ", "". >210

10.2.

. . , . , . , , , . ! , . , . . ( : " ".) : OTDEL, POL, , OTDEL. " OTDEL" ( , "" ""). "!", , , 12 ( - ). (. 10.7).- OTDEL POL OTDEL 12 3 9 5 8 13 5 16 21 3 19 22 16 52 68

. 10.7

. POL . POL OTDEL . : 14*

211

( , , "", ). . , , . , ( ). ? - "..." ( Excel 2000 " ..."). " ". " " " ". . . , . 10.8. , - OTDEL OTDEL POL OTDEL POL. 3 ( 5 5 ) 3 " / 16 ". 9 (. 10.9). 8 16 19 52 " / ". . 10.8 .- OTDEL POL OTDEL

16 52

. 10.9

POL. , "", (. 10.10).212

- OTDEL POL

OTDEL

. 10.10

3 5 5 3 16 52

, . . : , , , . , . , . , , , "" ( Excel 2000 ). , , , , . : , , , . . "". ( Ctrl). " / ". "!" "". . 10.11. > 10.3.

, , , .. . . "/ ". 213

DETI, POL OTDEL, DETI, "" "". "2". , . 10.12.- OTDEL OTDEL2 OTDEL 3 3 5 5

POL

16 9 19 16 8 52

. 10.11- DETIPOL OTDEL

-

24 21 6 1 52

-

DETI

1 1 1 0 1 1 3 2 3

7 7 216 11 6 2 19

2 3

1

1

1 3

5

5

1 3

3 9 2 2 16

3 3 2 1 9

3 5

8

27 30 8 3 68

. 10.12

.214

. - . . OTDEL ( ) . ( Excel 2000 , OTDEL " ".) (. 10.13).OTDEL - DETI DETI

()

POL

24 21 6 1 52 27 30 8 3 68

0 12 3

3 9 2216

.10.13

, (), . , . . " " ( ). . . (, , ) . . , : , . , DETI, 1, POL, "". ( " ".) , . >215

10.4.

, ( ) , . . . , , . (. 10.14).OTDEL - POL DETI 1 1 1 0 3 3 7 11 3 24 4 4 27 0 8 11 1 1 3 3 2 9 3 7 5 6 21 4 1 8 10 8 30 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 6 2 1 3 2 2 8 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 3 12 13 21 22 68

. 10.14

. . DETI. " ". " " "". "". (. 10.15). , , ( , , , , ). , .216

OTDEL - DETI POL 1 1 1 0 3 7 11 3 3 24 1 1 3 2 9 3 3 5 7 6 21 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 6 1 1 2 3 1 1 12 13 21 22 68

. 10.15

, , : , . ( ""). Excel 2000 : . " " " ". . : . : . , . " " " ". : " / / ". " ". > 10.5.

, , 100 . 50 .217

. (. 10.16).- OKLAD OKLAD

100.6

4 6 8 68

310 340

. 10.16

OKLAD "". "", (100.6) (340) , , 10. 100, 350 50. (. 10.17).- OKLAD OKLAD 100-150 150-200 200-250 300-350

8 9 37 14 68

. 10.17

, "". > 10.6.

, . . : DR, " ". DR "". , "" , . 218

: . "". . "" "". "" DR. > 10.7.

(Excel 97). , . . . (. 10.18), ( ).- DR 07/10/36 01/02/38 19/05/79

1 1 1 68

. 10.18

. ( Excel 97). "/ ". " ". "!" ( ), "" =rofl(DR). , , .. =(, DR " ", . "" "". (. 10.19). " ". , "". , . 10.20.219

DR

07/10/36 01/02/38

- 1 - 1

1 19/04/05 1 21/04/0568

- 1

01/07/15

. 10.19 1 DR 07/10/36 19/05/79

19/04/05 01/06/05 01/07/15

. 10.20

. "" - ! . "" ( Ctrl+Shift+~). : " " "" ( " "). . "" , "", , " " , . , , "/ ". , - 220

. "" "". (. 10.21): 1 DR 07/10/36 1936

. 10.21

, 19/04/05 1936. . . , . . " Microsoft Excel" ( , , ). _. ( ), , , "" ( ), .. $$2:$$70. "" . "" " ". , D1. (. 10.22).-

1936 1938 1979

12 168

. 10.22

(. 10.23).221

- 1930-19391940-1949 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979

6 16 26 14 6 68

. 10.23

. , . kadr ( "/ "). 3/5/83 . DR ( ) . " ". , : . . . , $$2:$$70, 71- . , _, . , $$2:$$71, "". . . , , . , Excel . , (!). , , 222

( ), , , ; " ", ( ). > 10.3, test Ch07.xls. . (. 10.24) , :- 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59

5 13 27 18 3 66

. 10.24

10.4. 9.10 "osadki" , , . , . : , , , , ( 4.6). 10.5. 4.16 . : "-", , 4.16. 10.1. . , . .: 0 999.

223

10.6. 8.11 (, ). 10.2. [8]. : 5 U1 5 U2 5 R2 4 R3 3 R1 3 R3 2 R2 1 U1 2 Ltv 2 U2 3 U2 5 R3

transport.txt ( , ). .

10.2. , . "", "", "" , . . . , " ". . Excel 97, 3 . . : "", "", "", "1 ". . : "", Shift , , "". , "". ( , Ctrl.) 1 " ..", 1 "", 1 "" . "", . 224

10.8.

, 1, 1, 1. "" : 1 "", 1 "". . (. 10.25) ( , ). .. .. 6 .. 12 .. 7 250 430 180 .. .. 200 .. 220 5 8

.. .. .. .. ..

12 10 8 6

200 300 150 220

. 10.25

, , ( !). . , . "1 " 1. "/". "". ":" "", .. . : . : "". : , ; , "" " ".15-3709

225

, ":". "" ( "!" ). 1:4 ( "!$$1 :$$4") . "" " :". "!$$1:$$3" "!$$1:$$5". . " " " " " ". . , . , , , "", " ", , " ". " " . "" (. 10.26): .. .. .. .. 26 670 15 500 20 580 400 13

. 10.26

, "" . . , , , , . , . " .." 1. "1 ". 226

, , 1 . , , , "1 " , " ". "/ ", , ".", . . " 1 " 1. "" " ". . . , "" "" D. . . ( ), D , . "", . > 10.7. , . : () .. "", , consl.xls. : [consl .!]!$$1 :$$4.

. 10.8. , . "". 1 . " ". 2 "15* 227

10.9.

". 26 . ( ""). . , "", "", "", "". , - , . "" ( , ). " ". , . "". (. 10.27). !()

20 580 600 . . 670 26 696 . . 13 400 413 .. 15 500 515 .. 2150 74 2224. 10.27

. ( ) , . "". " ". . >

Excel " ", , . , . [28] Excel. , Excel " " ( Solver , [3]). "" " ". . , . "/ ". " " . ( , , ). . Excel , "".

11.1. . ( ) . 3 2 , 4 2. 1700 2 . 12 , 30 . 160 . , 229

11.1.

2 . , 4 . ? [2]. . . : , , . 2+4 . . , ( ), . . , 3* +4>> 0. :

2 + 4 -> max3* + 4>>Q Excel. , Chll.xls. "". (. 11.1). 2 . 6, 9 , . , , ("/ "). " :" $$6. : " ". " :". "" . "". " ". 230

" :" $$9. ( ). 20 + 2 > 7 x>Q,y>0 Excel , Excel, (. 11.12). D F 1 3 4 1 2 3 0 3 2 2 4 6 0 4

5 >= 6

10

20

-10

-20

7 -7 0

. 11.12

. 6 =( 2:, $F$2:$F$3) - 5. C6:D6. 6 ( 5). "/ ". : " ." $$6, " ", " " $F$2:$F$3, "" $B$6:$D$6>=0. "" " " " ". . : = 1.5, = 2.75. 15.5. ! : , . 239

, "" " " , $F$2:$F$3 ( , ). ".". , : $$2:$$3=. . 17 (, ), : = 3, = 2. , , . (, = 2, = 3 .) > 11.6. . 400 . 12 , 500 . 16 , 600 . 15 . 326 . ( 1996 .) , : 0 1. , , . 11.4.

6 , ( . 11.13). , 12, ( " "). . 2:6 , - - . D2:D6 (1) (0) . . : $$11 ""