Excavation for Excavation for ConstructionConstruction1. Al-Hussein Al-Sharafi 1149082482. Hemyar Al-Koli 1139082133. Abdulkarem Al-Qataf 1139082364. Abdulrahman Salem 113908222

Introduction to excavation workIntroduction to excavation work

Excavation is one of the most hazardous types of work.Excavation is one of the most hazardous types of work. Every year, people involved in this type of work are killed Every year, people involved in this type of work are killed

or seriously injured.or seriously injured. According to National Institute of Occupational Safety and According to National Institute of Occupational Safety and

Health (NIOSH) Statistics excavation cave-ins caused Health (NIOSH) Statistics excavation cave-ins caused about 1,000 work-related injury each year. Of these, about about 1,000 work-related injury each year. Of these, about 140 permanent disability and 75 death.140 permanent disability and 75 death.

Hazards of excavation workHazards of excavation work

Cave-insCave-ins

Underground Underground utilitiesutilities

Materials/Materials/equipment falling into excavation sitesequipment falling into excavation sites

2a

Hazards of excavation workHazards of excavation work

Struck-by accidentsStruck-by accidents

ExplosionsExplosions

FallsFalls

2b

Study case Study case : Two Hispanic Construction : Two Hispanic Construction Laborers Die After Trench Collapse - South Laborers Die After Trench Collapse - South CarolinaCarolina

Introduction: Introduction: On January 28, 2003, two Hispanic On January 28, 2003, two Hispanic construction laborers died when the trench construction laborers died when the trench they were working in falls down. they were working in falls down. The victims were members of a crew The victims were members of a crew installing conduit in an eight-foot-deep by installing conduit in an eight-foot-deep by two-foot-wide trench. two-foot-wide trench.

Study case (con’t)Study case (con’t)

The crew was instructed by the jobsite foreman The crew was instructed by the jobsite foreman to operate a backhoe to dig the trench. After an to operate a backhoe to dig the trench. After an hour of working the trench had collapsed and hour of working the trench had collapsed and the two employees had been covered up. the two employees had been covered up.

The emergency medical squad was summoned The emergency medical squad was summoned and coworkers had uncovered the victims and and coworkers had uncovered the victims and removed them from the trench but the victims removed them from the trench but the victims could not be revived.could not be revived.

soil type classification had not been conducted in the site before performing the excavation.

The crew leader had not instructed anyone at that time The crew leader had not instructed anyone at that time to enter the trench. A statement that one of the other to enter the trench. A statement that one of the other Hispanic workers had restarted the machine, which Hispanic workers had restarted the machine, which was positioned on the side of the ditch opposite the was positioned on the side of the ditch opposite the cave in, and resumed digging, could not be cave in, and resumed digging, could not be substantiated at the time of the NIOSH investigation substantiated at the time of the NIOSH investigation or by OSHA investigators. The position of the or by OSHA investigators. The position of the backhoe was not considered a causative factor in the backhoe was not considered a causative factor in the incident.incident.

The victims’ ages as 15 and 16 years of age. The The victims’ ages as 15 and 16 years of age. The victims had been in the United States for a little over victims had been in the United States for a little over a year and had worked at other construction sites.a year and had worked at other construction sites.

Cause of Death

The coroner listed the cause of death for The coroner listed the cause of death for both victims as basilar hinge fractures of the both victims as basilar hinge fractures of the skull.skull.

Control Measure Control Measure

Employers should ensure that a competent person conducts daily inspection of excavations, adjacent areas, and protective systems and takes appropriate measures necessary to protect workers

Employers should ensure that workers are protected from cave-Employers should ensure that workers are protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective systemins by an adequate protective system

Employers should develop, implement, and enforce a comprehensive written safety program for all workers which includes training in hazard recognition and the avoidance of unsafe conditions

Employers should pursue every effort to ensure that Employers should pursue every effort to ensure that documentation of age is authentic and that youth < 18 years of documentation of age is authentic and that youth < 18 years of age are not assigned to prohibited tasks and are appropriately age are not assigned to prohibited tasks and are appropriately supervised.supervised.

Control Measure (con’t)Control Measure (con’t)

Employers should ensure that workers who are part of a Employers should ensure that workers who are part of a multilingual workforce comprehend instructions in safe multilingual workforce comprehend instructions in safe work procedures for the tasks to which they are assignedwork procedures for the tasks to which they are assigned

Employers should ensure that only qualified rescue Employers should ensure that only qualified rescue personnel who have assumed responsibility for rescue personnel who have assumed responsibility for rescue operations and site safety should attempt rescue operations and site safety should attempt rescue operations.operations.