examining the role of canola meal in the diets of early ... · a webinar with dr. kenneth...
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Examining the role of canola
meal in the diets of early
lactation cows
A webinar with Dr. Kenneth Kalscheur,
USDA Dairy Forage Research Center
Welcome to the Webinar waiting room. We will begin promptly at the top of the hour. There is music playing—please use it to confirm your audio connection.If you have difficulties, please email [email protected]
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Welcome
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Canola Meal Soybean Meal Corn DDGS
Crude Protein 41.5 51.5 30.3
RUP, % of CP 53 40 57
RUP, % of DM 22.0 20.6 17.3
RUP Digestibility2 71.3 75.6 68.8
Digestible RUP, % of DM
15.6 15.6 11.9
1AMTS2Ross, D.A., Gutierrez-Botero, M. and Van Amburgh, M.E., Proc. CNC 2013.
Comparing Proteins Using CNCPS Technology 1
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Amino Acid Microbial Protein2
Canola Meal Soybean Meal Corn DDGS
Met 1.9 2.1 1.3 2.0
Lys 6.7 5.5 6.1 2.8
Arg 3.9 6.5 7.3 4.3
Thr 4.4 4.2 3.9 3.7
Leu 6.5 6.0 7.6 11.7
Ileu 4.7 3.5 4.5 3.7
Val 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.9
His 1.5 3.7 2.6 2.7
Phe 4.5 4.0 5.1 4.9
Try 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.8
Lys/Met 3.5 2.6 4.7 1.41AMTS2 Sok et al., J.D.S. 100:5241-5249, 2017.
Amino Acid Profiles 1
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Item, g Digested/kg of meal
Canola Meal Soybean Meal Corn DDGS Corn DDGS Prorated to 156 g of digested RUP
Protein 156 156 119 156
Met 3.29 2.03 2.38 3.12
Lys 8.53 9.52 3.33 4.37
Arg 10.09 11.39 5.12 6.71
Thr 6.55 6.08 4.40 5.77
Leu 9.42 11.86 13.92 18.25
Ileu 5.52 7.02 4.40 5.77
Val 7.55 7.33 5.83 7.64
His 5.71 4.06 3.21 4.21
Phe 6.21 7.96 5.83 7.64
Try 2.01 2.03 0.95 1.25
Amino Acid Profiles 1
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Amino Acid Considerations
Canola meal provides approximately as much digestible RUP/kg of meal as soybean meal
The amino acid profile of canola meal is close to microbial protein, providing slightly more methionine and histidine, but less lysine
The amino acid profile of the digestible RUP from canola meal may have advantages over soybean meal, corn-DDGS and other many other vegetable proteins
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Amino Acid ModelsModels consider the amino acid needs for maintenance, growth and lactation
Models are never a complete representation of biology
Current models are unable to account for some aspects of metabolism that we know influence amino acid utilization:
Ancillary reactions not particularly related to protein synthesisInteractions with glucose requirements and the need for TCA intermediatesUse of EAA to synthesize NEAA for high demand labile proteinsPriorities of use
Canola meal seems to have an amino acid profile that is particularly suited to dairy cows
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Examining the role of canola meal in the diets of early lactation cows
Kenneth F. Kalscheur
United States Department of Agriculture
U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center USDA Agricultural Research Service
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Outline
1. Nutrient composition comparison
2. Effect of canola meal on dairy cow performance
3. Use of canola meal in early lactation
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1. Nutrient composition comparison
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Nutrient composition comparison
51.1
13.5
4.4
7.3
41.7
29.4
3.5
7.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
CP NDF EE Ash
% o
f D
M
Soybean meal
Canola meal
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Source: Canola meal data - Adewole et al. 2016; Soybean meal data - Dairy One, 2016
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Essential amino acid profile
34
12
23
37
30
6
24
18
7
24
84
4.7
22
10
16
27
20
7
16 16
4
20
64
2.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
g/kg
Dry
mat
ter
Soybean meal
Canola meal
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Source: Moore and Kalscheur, unpublished
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Amino acid composition
• Amino acid ratio of first limiting amino acids Lys : Met (NRC, 2001)• Canola meal 3.01:1• Soybean meal 4.37:1
• Formulating diets for amino acids pre-calving to post-partum (Garthwaiteet al., 1998; Liu et al., 2013)• +2.27 kg/d MY; +112 g/d MPY; +115 g/d MFY
• Increased Met in early lactation has ↑ glutathione and carnitine concentration in liver therefore ↑ beta-oxidation capacity and antioxidant prevalence (Osorio et al., 2014; Schwab, 2017)
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Amino acid composition• ↑ Met supplementation affects methyl donor S-
adenosylmethionine and the antioxidant glutathione availability (Osorio et al., 2014)
• Knowing there is increased liver inflammation in the transition dairy cow…• Can we meet the demand of these amino acids in an appropriate
ratio more effectively with canola meal?
• Can this be leveraged when DMI is low and cows are more responsive to EAA supplies (i.e. early lactation)?
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Supplementation of Met in early lactation
• Osario et al. (2013): fed -21 d to 30 d• +2.1 kg/d DMI, +3.3 kg/d milk, milk protein % and yield
• Zhou et al. (2015): fed -21 d to 30 d• +2.0 kg/d DMI, +3.8 kg/d milk, ↑ component yield
• Batistel et al. (2017): fed -28 d to 60 d• +1.65 kg/d DMI, + 4.1 kg/d milk, ↑ component yield
• Cetin et al. (2018): fed -21 d to 21 d• +0.7 kg/d DMI, +2.0 kg/d milk, milk fat and protein %
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2. Effect of canola meal on dairy cow performance
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Meta-analysis #1
• Huhtanen et al. 2011. Can J. Anim. Sci. 91:529-543
• Evaluation of canola meal as a protein supplement for dairy cows: A review and a meta-analysis
• Dataset included 292 treatment means from 122 studies
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Meta-analysis – Huhtenen et al. (2011)
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Item CM SBM SE P-value
DMI, kg/d 19.4 16.8 0.03 <0.01
Milk, kg/d 27.2 23.6 0.25 <0.01
ECM, kg/d 28.6 23.6 0.29 <0.01
Fat, g/kg 32.6 32.5 0.43 0.33
Protein, g/kg 45.1 41.8 0.24 0.60
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Meta-analysis #2
• Martineau et al. 2013. J. Dairy Sci. 96:1701-1714
• Feeding canola meal to dairy cows: A meta-analysis on lactational responses
• Dataset included 88 treatment means from 27 studies
• Compared CM to substitution by any other protein source• Evaluation of individual comparisons when appropriate
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Martineau et al., 2013
• DMI +0.24 ± 0.054 kg/d (not compared to SBM)
• MY +0.62 ± 0.084 kg/d (not compared to SBM)
• 4% FCM +0.50 ± 0.089 kg/d • NS different from SBM
• MPY +26.2 ± 3.13 g/d • +16.8 ± 3.40 g/d compared to SBM• +32.2 ± 3.33 g/d compared to all other sources
• MFY +16.4 ± 4.95 g/d• NS different from SBM• +24.2 ± 6.53 g/d compared to all other sources
• ECM/DMI +0.020 ± 0.0048• NS different from SBM• +0.026 ± 0.0071 compared to all other sources
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3. Use of canola meal in early lactation
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Objective
• Determine the effect of protein source in early lactation on production and utilization of body reserves using canola and soybean meals as the primary sources.
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Materials & Methods
▪ Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 79)▪ Average parity 2.76 ± 0.87
▪ Randomized complete block design ▪ 22 factorial arrangement of treatments▪ Blocked by calving date
▪ Received same diet for first 16 weeks of lactation
▪ Cows milked 3 per day and individually fed in a tie-stall barn
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LO HI
Item SBM CM SBM CM
Ingredient, % of DM
Corn silage 39.6 39.6 39.6 39.6
Alfalfa silage 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4
Hi-moisture corn 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0
Canola meal 0.0 11.9 0.0 19.4
Soybean meal 8.9 0.0 14.5 0.0
Soybean hulls 10.5 7.5 4.9 0.0
Corn gluten meal 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1
Rumen inert fat1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Vitamin and mineral mix 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.51Energy Booster 100 (Milk Specialties, Dundee, IL)
Treatments
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Analysis of canola and soybean meals
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Item (% of DM) CM SBM
CP 40.5 49.3
NDICP 6.48 7.88
ADF 20.7 5.7
aNDF 26.1 8.6
aNDFom 24.2 7.6
Starch 1.27 1.92
Fat 4.31 1.05
Ash 7.89 6.84
NFC 29.6 43.1
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LO HI
Item (% of DM, unless noted) SBM CM SBM CM
DM (% as fed) 48.9 48.8 48.8 48.8
CP 16.3 16.1 17.8 18.4
NDF 30.8 31.9 27.5 27.3
ADF 22.4 23.1 20.3 20.4
Ether Extract 4.50 4.71 4.59 5.28
Starch 27.8 27.6 26.9 28.1
Ash 6.64 7.05 6.90 6.86
Nutrient composition
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DMI tended to be greater for cows on CM diets
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CM > SBM : 0.80 ± 0.34 kg/d
LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
DMI, kg/d 24.6 26.1 25.4 25.6 0.49 0.87 0.09 0.17
Milk yield, kg/d 50.1 54.8 52.3 56.5 1.41 0.16 <0.01 0.83
FCM, kg/d 50.7 54.8 51.3 55.1 1.36 0.73 <0.01 0.90
ECM, kg/d 53.1 57.4 54.1 57.8 1.38 0.61 <0.01 0.87
Feed Efficiency 2.16 2.22 2.17 2.31 0.06 0.34 0.06 0.52
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DMI tended to be greater for cows on CM diets
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Legend
- LO SBM - LO CM - HI SBM - HI CM
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LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
DMI, kg/d 24.6 26.1 25.4 25.6 0.49 0.87 0.09 0.17
Milk yield, kg/d 50.1 54.8 52.3 56.5 1.41 0.16 <0.01 0.83
FCM, kg/d 50.7 54.8 51.3 55.1 1.36 0.73 <0.01 0.90
ECM, kg/d 53.1 57.4 54.1 57.8 1.38 0.61 <0.01 0.87
Feed Efficiency 2.16 2.22 2.17 2.31 0.06 0.34 0.06 0.52
Cows fed CM diets had greater milk yield
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CM > SBM : 4.45 ± 0.97 kg/d
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Legend
- LO SBM - LO CM - HI SBM - HI CM
Cows fed CM diets had greater milk yield
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LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
DMI, kg/d 24.6 26.1 25.4 25.6 0.49 0.87 0.09 0.17
Milk yield, kg/d 50.1 54.8 52.3 56.5 1.41 0.16 <0.01 0.83
FCM, kg/d 50.7 54.8 51.3 55.1 1.36 0.73 <0.01 0.90
ECM, kg/d 53.1 57.4 54.1 57.8 1.38 0.61 <0.01 0.87
Feed Efficiency 2.16 2.22 2.17 2.31 0.06 0.34 0.06 0.52
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CM > SBM : 3.92 ± 0.94 kg/d
Cows fed CM diets had greater FCM yield
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LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
DMI, kg/d 24.6 26.1 25.4 25.6 0.49 0.87 0.09 0.17
Milk yield, kg/d 50.1 54.8 52.3 56.5 1.41 0.16 <0.01 0.83
FCM, kg/d 50.7 54.8 51.3 55.1 1.36 0.73 <0.01 0.90
ECM, kg/d 53.1 57.4 54.1 57.8 1.38 0.61 <0.01 0.87
Feed Efficiency 2.16 2.22 2.17 2.31 0.06 0.34 0.06 0.52
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CM > SBM : 4.02 ± 0.95 kg/d
Cows fed CM diets had greater ECM yield
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LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
DMI, kg/d 24.6 26.1 25.4 25.6 0.49 0.87 0.09 0.17
Milk yield, kg/d 50.1 54.8 52.3 56.5 1.41 0.16 <0.01 0.83
FCM, kg/d 50.7 54.8 51.3 55.1 1.36 0.73 <0.01 0.90
ECM, kg/d 53.1 57.4 54.1 57.8 1.38 0.61 <0.01 0.87
Feed Efficiency 2.16 2.22 2.17 2.31 0.06 0.34 0.06 0.52
Tendency for CM fed cows to be more efficient
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CM > SBM : 0.10 ± 0.04 kg/d
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Cows on CM diets tended to have greater feed efficiency
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Legend
- LO SBM - LO CM - HI SBM - HI CM
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LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
Milk components
Fat, % 4.12 4.05 3.89 3.91 0.09 <0.05 0.78 0.66
Protein, % 2.88 2.85 2.90 2.77 0.05 0.58 0.12 0.29
Lactose, % 4.94 4.87 4.89 4.86 0.03 0.53 0.19 0.36
Total solids, % 12.9 12.7 12.6 12.5 0.14 0.07 0.25 0.83
Fat, kg/d 2.04 2.19 2.03 2.16 0.06 0.73 0.02 0.89
Protein, kg/d 1.43 1.55 1.51 1.55 0.04 0.24 0.02 0.29
Lactose, kg/d 2.48 2.66 2.56 2.76 0.07 0.19 <0.01 0.91
Total solids, kg/d 6.42 6.93 6.56 7.01 0.16 0.48 <0.01 0.85
MUN, mg/dL 10.0 9.62 12.9 12.2 0.32 <0.01 0.10 0.75
Cows on LO-CP diets had higher milk fat percent
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 35
LO > HI : 0.19 ± 0.07 %
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LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
Milk components
Fat, % 4.12 4.05 3.89 3.91 0.09 <0.05 0.78 0.66
Protein, % 2.88 2.85 2.90 2.77 0.05 0.58 0.12 0.29
Lactose, % 4.94 4.87 4.89 4.86 0.03 0.53 0.19 0.36
Total solids, % 12.9 12.7 12.6 12.5 0.14 0.07 0.25 0.83
Fat, kg/d 2.04 2.19 2.03 2.16 0.06 0.73 0.02 0.89
Protein, kg/d 1.43 1.55 1.51 1.55 0.04 0.24 0.02 0.29
Lactose, kg/d 2.48 2.66 2.56 2.76 0.07 0.19 <0.01 0.91
Total solids, kg/d 6.42 6.93 6.56 7.01 0.16 0.48 <0.01 0.85
MUN, mg/dL 10.0 9.62 12.9 12.2 0.32 <0.01 0.10 0.75
No effect of treatments on percent protein or lactose
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 36
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LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
Milk components
Fat, % 4.12 4.05 3.89 3.91 0.09 <0.05 0.78 0.66
Protein, % 2.88 2.85 2.90 2.77 0.05 0.58 0.12 0.29
Lactose, % 4.94 4.87 4.89 4.86 0.03 0.53 0.19 0.36
Total solids, % 12.9 12.7 12.6 12.5 0.14 0.07 0.25 0.83
Fat, kg/d 2.04 2.19 2.03 2.16 0.06 0.73 0.02 0.89
Protein, kg/d 1.43 1.55 1.51 1.55 0.04 0.24 0.02 0.29
Lactose, kg/d 2.48 2.66 2.56 2.76 0.07 0.19 <0.01 0.91
Total solids, kg/d 6.42 6.93 6.56 7.01 0.16 0.48 <0.01 0.85
MUN, mg/dL 10.0 9.62 12.9 12.2 0.32 <0.01 0.10 0.75
Percent total solids was greater for LO-CP fed cows
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 37
LO > HI : 0.25 ± 0.10 %
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LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
Milk components
Fat, % 4.12 4.05 3.89 3.91 0.09 <0.05 0.78 0.66
Protein, % 2.88 2.85 2.90 2.77 0.05 0.58 0.12 0.29
Lactose, % 4.94 4.87 4.89 4.86 0.03 0.53 0.19 0.36
Total solids, % 12.9 12.7 12.6 12.5 0.14 0.07 0.25 0.83
Fat, kg/d 2.04 2.19 2.03 2.16 0.06 0.73 0.02 0.89
Protein, kg/d 1.43 1.55 1.51 1.55 0.04 0.24 0.02 0.29
Lactose, kg/d 2.48 2.66 2.56 2.76 0.07 0.19 <0.01 0.91
Total solids, kg/d 6.42 6.93 6.56 7.01 0.16 0.48 <0.01 0.85
MUN, mg/dL 10.0 9.62 12.9 12.2 0.32 <0.01 0.10 0.75
CM fed cows produced more milk fat
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 38
CM > SBM : 0.15 ± 0.04 kg/d
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LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
Milk components
Fat, % 4.12 4.05 3.89 3.91 0.09 <0.05 0.78 0.66
Protein, % 2.88 2.85 2.90 2.77 0.05 0.58 0.12 0.29
Lactose, % 4.94 4.87 4.89 4.86 0.03 0.53 0.19 0.36
Total solids, % 12.9 12.7 12.6 12.5 0.14 0.07 0.25 0.83
Fat, kg/d 2.04 2.19 2.03 2.16 0.06 0.73 0.02 0.89
Protein, kg/d 1.43 1.55 1.51 1.55 0.04 0.24 0.02 0.29
Lactose, kg/d 2.48 2.66 2.56 2.76 0.07 0.19 <0.01 0.91
Total solids, kg/d 6.42 6.93 6.56 7.01 0.16 0.48 <0.01 0.85
MUN, mg/dL 10.0 9.62 12.9 12.2 0.32 <0.01 0.10 0.75
CM fed cows produced more milk protein
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 39
CM > SBM : 0.08 ± 0.02 kg/d
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LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
Milk components
Fat, % 4.12 4.05 3.89 3.91 0.09 <0.05 0.78 0.66
Protein, % 2.88 2.85 2.90 2.77 0.05 0.58 0.12 0.29
Lactose, % 4.94 4.87 4.89 4.86 0.03 0.53 0.19 0.36
Total solids, % 12.9 12.7 12.6 12.5 0.14 0.07 0.25 0.83
Fat, kg/d 2.04 2.19 2.03 2.16 0.06 0.73 0.02 0.89
Protein, kg/d 1.43 1.55 1.51 1.55 0.04 0.24 0.02 0.29
Lactose, kg/d 2.48 2.66 2.56 2.76 0.07 0.19 <0.01 0.91
Total solids, kg/d 6.42 6.93 6.56 7.01 0.16 0.48 <0.01 0.85
MUN, mg/dL 10.0 9.62 12.9 12.2 0.32 <0.01 0.10 0.75
CM fed cows produced more milk lactose
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 40
CM > SBM : 0.19 ± 0.05 kg/d
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LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
Milk components
Fat, % 4.12 4.05 3.89 3.91 0.09 <0.05 0.78 0.66
Protein, % 2.88 2.85 2.90 2.77 0.05 0.58 0.12 0.29
Lactose, % 4.94 4.87 4.89 4.86 0.03 0.53 0.19 0.36
Total solids, % 12.9 12.7 12.6 12.5 0.14 0.07 0.25 0.83
Fat, kg/d 2.04 2.19 2.03 2.16 0.06 0.73 0.02 0.89
Protein, kg/d 1.43 1.55 1.51 1.55 0.04 0.24 0.02 0.29
Lactose, kg/d 2.48 2.66 2.56 2.76 0.07 0.19 <0.01 0.91
Total solids, kg/d 6.42 6.93 6.56 7.01 0.16 0.48 <0.01 0.85
MUN, mg/dL 10.0 9.62 12.9 12.2 0.32 <0.01 0.10 0.75
CM fed cows produced more milk total solids
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 41
CM > SBM : 0.48 ± 0.11 kg/d
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LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
Milk components
Fat, % 4.12 4.05 3.89 3.91 0.09 <0.05 0.78 0.66
Protein, % 2.88 2.85 2.90 2.77 0.05 0.58 0.12 0.29
Lactose, % 4.94 4.87 4.89 4.86 0.03 0.53 0.19 0.36
Total solids, % 12.9 12.7 12.6 12.5 0.14 0.07 0.25 0.83
Fat, kg/d 2.04 2.19 2.03 2.16 0.06 0.73 0.02 0.89
Protein, kg/d 1.43 1.55 1.51 1.55 0.04 0.24 0.02 0.29
Lactose, kg/d 2.48 2.66 2.56 2.76 0.07 0.19 <0.01 0.91
Total solids, kg/d 6.42 6.93 6.56 7.01 0.16 0.48 <0.01 0.85
MUN, mg/dL 10.0 9.62 12.9 12.2 0.32 <0.01 0.10 0.75
Cows fed HI-CP cows had higher MUN
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 42
HI > LO : 2.73 ± 0.22 mg/dL
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LO HI P<
Item SBM CM SBM CM SEM CP S CP X S
Milk components
Fat, % 4.12 4.05 3.89 3.91 0.09 <0.05 0.78 0.66
Protein, % 2.88 2.85 2.90 2.77 0.05 0.58 0.12 0.29
Lactose, % 4.94 4.87 4.89 4.86 0.03 0.53 0.19 0.36
Total solids, % 12.9 12.7 12.6 12.5 0.14 0.07 0.25 0.83
Fat, kg/d 2.04 2.19 2.03 2.16 0.06 0.73 0.02 0.89
Protein, kg/d 1.43 1.55 1.51 1.55 0.04 0.24 0.02 0.29
Lactose, kg/d 2.48 2.66 2.56 2.76 0.07 0.19 <0.01 0.91
Total solids, kg/d 6.42 6.93 6.56 7.01 0.16 0.48 <0.01 0.85
MUN, mg/dL 10.0 9.62 12.9 12.2 0.32 <0.01 0.10 0.75
CM fed cows tended to have lower MUN
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 43
SBM > CM: 0.52 ± 0.23 mg/dL
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LO-CP diets had lower MUN and CM diets tended to be lower
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
MU
N (
mg
/dL)
Week of Lactation
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 44
Legend
- LO SBM - LO CM - HI SBM - HI CM
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Body weight change
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Bo
dy
we
igh
t (k
g)
Week of Lactation
LO-SBM
LO-CM
HI-SBM
HI-CM
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 45
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Body condition score
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.9
4.1
4.3
0 4 8 12 16
Bo
dy
con
dit
ion
sco
re
Week of Lactation
LO-SBM
LO-CM
HI-SBM
HI-CM
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 46
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Summary
• Canola meal significantly increased milk yield in early lactation dairy cows
• No milk response was observed in response to increased CP from 16% → 18%
• CM fed cows tended to be more feed efficient and lower in MUN production
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 47
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Substitution of canola meal with soybean meal in early lactation
Swanepoel et al. (2020) Anim. Feed Sci Technol. 264:114494.
▪ Cows were fed one of 3 diets:1) 14.5% CM2) 6.5% CM + 6.5% SBM3) 6.5% CM + 6.5% SBM + supplemental Met (7.9 g/d)
▪ Cows were assigned a treatment at 13.2 ± 0.11 DIM and fed treatments for 150 days.
▪ Diets were 17.0 to 17.5% CP, ~30% NDF, 19 to 18% starch, and ~5% fat.
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 48
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Substitution of canola meal with soybean meal in early lactation
Swanepoel et al. (2020) Anim. Feed Sci Technol. 264:114494.
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 49
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Substitution of canola meal with soybean meal in early lactation
Swanepoel et al. (2020) Anim. Feed Sci Technol. 264:114494.
▪ CM-fed cows vs. SBM-fed cows (403 cows)▪ DMI: Averaged 28.3 kg/d (NS)▪ Milk: 51.3 vs 49.7 kg/d → +1.57 kg/d (P<0.01)▪ Milk fat %: 3.48 vs 3.49 % (NS)▪ Milk fat: 1.78 vs 1.73 kg/d → +0.04 kg/d (P<0.01)▪ Milk TP %: 2.84 vs 2.85 % → -0.01 % units (P=0.09)▪ Milk TP: 1.45 vs 1.41 kg/d → +0.04 kg/d (P<0.01)▪ BCS (342 cows): 2.98 vs 2.98 (NS)
Substituting SBM for CM reduced performance, possibly because of lower ruminal microbial CP flow to the small intestine.
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 50
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Conclusions
• Need to determine why CM-fed cows produced more than SBM cows in early lactation:• Possibly an amino acid/essential amino acid supply difference.
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 51
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Conclusions
• Need to determine why CM-fed cows produced more than SBM cows in early lactation:• Possibly an amino acid/essential amino acid supply difference.
• Possibly because of increased ruminal microbial protein flow to the small intestine.
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 52
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Conclusions
• Need to determine why CM-fed cows produced more than SBM cows in early lactation:• Possibly an amino acid/essential amino acid supply difference.
• Possibly because of increased ruminal microbial protein flow to the small intestine.
• Further research is underway to investigate the impact of feeding canola meal during the transition period on production during lactation.
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 53
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Thank you!
Lab members
• Diane Amundson
• Spencer Moore
• Jordan Kuehnl
Funding Support
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 54
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QUESTIONS?Leading the world in integrated dairy forage systems research.
U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center
www.ars.usda.gov/mwa/madison/dfrc
7/29/2020 U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center 55
United States Department of Agriculture
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For more canola meal dairy feeding info, access canolamazing.com/feed-guide and download a free copy of our updated Dairy Feed Guide.
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Make sure to follow AMTS’ “The Nutritionist” series.
Live and Recorded Ruminant Nutrition WebinarsMore Information at https://agmodelsystems.com/webinar/View past canola meal webinars at https://agmodelsystems.com/webinar/amts-and-canola-council-of-canada-webinars/
Email: [email protected]
Thank you for joining us!
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11 June 20209:00 am EDT6:00 pm EDT
Dr Jude CapperLivestock Sustainability Consultant
United Kingdom
Back to the Future—What has the U.S. dairy industry achieved since
2007 and what will we have to focus on going forward