November 20091. Between 1765 and 1775, which of the following was the American colonists' most effective

method of opposing British policies?a. Boycotts of British goodsb. Intimidation of English officials by the Sons of Libertyc. Private negotiations with George IIId. Petitions presented to Parliamente. Direct military action

2. "There is no liberty if the power to judge be not separated from the powers to make and carry out the laws."In the statement above about the Constitution, Alexander Hamilton was referring to which of the following constitutional principles?

a. Guarantees of minority rightsb. Proportional representation in the legislaturec. A popularly elected executived. Freedom of the presse. A system of checks and balances

3. Which of the following statements about the Declaration of Independence is correct?a. It derived most of its ideological context from French Enlightenment writers such as

Voltaireb. It rejected well-known Lockean concepts of governmentc. It listed charges against the king that referred to specific points of contention between

the colonies and Britaind. It was a rationalization for the Second Continental Congress

4. "The great principle is the right of......this argument to say that slavery is....you must allow the people to decide for themselves which is a good or an evil."In this passage from his debates with Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglas articulate the doctrine of

a. immediate emancipationb. nullificationc. judicial reviewd. slavery extensione. popular sovereignty

5. (Chart about women)Which of the following statement about women's participation in the workforce is supported by the chart above? (Answerable without the chart)

a. Between 1890 and 1950, there were as many women as men in the labor forceb. Between 1890 and 1950, women under 25 were less likely than older women to be in

the labor forcec. Between 1890 and 1950, women's participation in the labor force changed very littled. In 1980, a higher proportion of women were in the labor force than at any previous time

in the twentieth centurye. In 1950, women over 25 were less likely to be in the work force than at any previous

time in the twentieth century6. The innovation of mass production based on the assembly line is most closely associated with

a. John D. Rockefellerb. Henry Fordc. J.P. Morgand. Cornelius Vanderbilte. Alfred Sloan

7. The muckrakers are best characterized asa. a faction of the Democratic Party that took an ambiguous position on slaveryb. Republicans who wanted to institute a civil service systemc. writers who exposed elements of society needing reformd. Northerners who opposed Civil Ware. urban politicians who accepted bribery to provide city services

8. The 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision established thea. doctrine of "separate but equal" as the law of the landb. doctrine of popular sovereignty c. concept of "liberty of contract" in labor agreementsd. lack of state jurisdiction over railroad companiese. exemption of manufacturing companies under the Sherman Antitrust Act

9. The United Nations was established in 1945 toa. prevent the worldwide spread of communism and fascismb. counteract the influence of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)c. oversee the dissolution of fascist European regimesd. share the wealth of the industrial nations with the less-developed countiese. maintain the peace and the existing balance of world power

10. Which of the following best describes the status of women presented on the magazine cover during the 1940's shown above?

a. They worked reluctantly in industrial positionsb. They worked confidently in jobs traditionally filled by menc. They were better industrial workers than were mend. They worked without breakse. They were motivated to join the workforce more by materialism than by patriotic

incentives11. Which of the following led to the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794?

a. Limitations imposed on the movement of settlers in the Northwest Territoryb. The imposition of a federal excise taxc. The collapse of the commodities needed for eastern citiesd. The foreclosure on many farms due to the payment of taxese. An embargo on agricultural exports

12. The Great Compromise refers to the decision of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention to

a. abolish slavery north of the Mason-Dixon Line by 1808b. give the Senate exclusive power to declare warc. give the President veto power over all revenue billsd. allot each state two seats in the Senate while apportioning representation in the House

on the basis of populatione. elect the President directly while allowing state legislatures to select senators

13. The United States acquired this territory as a result of the Spanish-American War. The inhabitants later became citizens of the United States.The territory referred to above is

a. Cubab. Puerto Ricoc. Samoad. the Virgin Islandse. Panama

14. The admission to the Union of which of the following states was delayed because many of its inhabitants practiced polygamy?

a. Californiab. Montanac. Oklahomad. Oregone. Utah

15. Granting the vote to women was opposed by anti-suffrage groups mainly because they believe it would

a. provoke Black men and immigrants to seek broader access to the franchiseb. weaken the temperance movementc. make it easier for women to petition for a divorced. strengthen the socialist movemente. pose a threat to the natural order of society and weaken the family

16. What conclusion about the First World War can be drawn from the flyer above?(Answerable without the flyer)

a. There were serious shortages of fresh fruit and vegetables during the warb. Chemical weapons had been added to the European arsenalc. The American Red Cross played an active role in outlawing the use of poisonous gasd. The United States used seeds and roots to manufacture poisonous gas to be used in

Europee. The German use of poisonous gas proved to be ineffective

17. The immigration restriction acts of the 1920s were designed principally to reduce the number of immigrants to the United States from

a. the British Islesb. Asiac. northern Europed. southern and eastern Europee. the West Indies and Latin America

18. Historically, isolationism in the United States foreign policy meant American isolation from foreign nations in terms of

a. political alliancesb. religious missionsc. economic relationsd. diplomatic recognitione. cultural contacts

19. What message did Life Magazine intend to convey in the post Second World War photo above?(Answerable without the photo)

a. Excessive consumption by the middle class community threatened the environmentb. Women's lives during the "baby boom" years were dominated by their domestic

responsibilitiesc. the women's liberation movement had an immediate impact on the lives of most

American womend. Families grew most of their own food in a time of economic downturne. Cramped quarters forced families to convert basements into multipurpose rooms

20. "In my opinion the State Department, which is one of the most important government departments, is thoroughly infested with Communists. I have in my hand fifty-seven cases of Individuals who would appear to be either card-carrying members or certainly loyal to the Communist Party, but who nevertheless are still helping to shape our foreign policy."The quotation above is excerpted from a speech made by

a. Douglas MacArthurb. Joseph McCarthyc. Strom Thurmondd. Harry Trumane. Henry Wallace

21. Of the following, which best accounts for the population change shown in the graph above?(Answerable without the graph)

a. Native Americans welcomed the Virginians settlersb. The milder climate drew families originally destined for New Englandc. The religious freedom granted in the Chesapeake colonies drew a steady stream of

settlersd. The profitable cultivation of tobacco created a need for a labor forcee. The Chesapeake area climate resulted in a low death rate and high birth rate

22. Which of the following colonies was settled by a religious group committed to tolerance and pacifism?

a. Massachusettsb. Marylandc. Virginiad. Pennsylvaniae. Georgia

23. During the late nineteenth century, the Chisholm Trail was used to get which of the following commodities to railroads and eastern markets?

a. Grainb. Cottonc. Silver and goldd. Iron oree. Cattle

24. William Lloyd Garrison founded his newspaper, The Liberator, primarily toa. reprint the writings of transcendentalists such as Margaret Fullerb. support the work of the American Colonization Societyc. support the political campaign of Abraham Lincolnd. advocate the immediate and complete emancipation of slavese. back the free-soil policies of the Liberty Party

25.The mid-nineteenth-century home pictured above was probably designed to

a. be a reminder of the early national period of American historyb. associate the wealthy owner with aristocratic European traditionc. maintain the harmony with nature popularized by novelists such as Henry David

Thoreaud. reflect the ideals that inspired the reform impulses of the periode. address the owner's concern with functionalism

26. Which of the following is true about Prohibition legislation adopted in the early twentieth century?

a. It failed because many citizens viewed it as an undue restriction on private lifeb. It succeeded because alcohol was perceived as a menace to societyc. It began at the federal level and spread later to the statesd. It was eagerly supported by all state governorse. It was effectively enforced through the country

27. The Berlin Blockade of 1948 can be best described asa. an attempt to revive the Nazi party in West Germanyb. the refusal of the Soviet government to release West German prisoners of war following

the Second World Warc. economic sanctions imposed by the United States on East Germany for violation of

human rightsd. the failure of the Soviet Union to allow free elections in East Germany following the

Second World Ware. the Soviet Union's attempt to force the Allies out of West Berlin by impeding the flow of

supplies from the West28. Which of the following statements about immigration patterns to the United States is NOT

supported by the chart above?a. The early years of the twentieth century drew large numbers of immigrants coming to

the United Statesb. A decline in numbers of immigrants coming to the United States took place during both

world warsc. Immigration to the United States was affected by events taking place in other parts of

the worldd. Quotas generally failed to restrict the number of immigrants coming to the United

Statese. Economic hard times in the United States tended to discourage immigration

29. The Marshall Plan can best be described as an attempt toa. solidify the military presence of the United States in Western Europeb. help European nations recover economically after the Second World Warc. improve diplomatic relations with the Soviet Uniond. establish boundaries between Western and Eastern Europee. remove nuclear weapons from Western Europe

30. Which of the following accurately describes the Camp David accords?a. President Eisenhower and Egyptian leader Nasser reached an agreement on the Suez

Crisisb. President Carter gained the release of American embassy hostages from the Iraniansc. President Nixon secretly arranged with representative of the North Vietnamese

government for the gradual withdrawal of American troops from Vietnamd. The United States established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of Chinae. Egypt and Israel signed a treaty of peace that ended 30 years of intermittent war and

hostility between them31. In founding Jamestown in 1607, the Virginia Company was primarily interested in

a. creating an ideal societyb. converting American Indians to Christianityc. driving the Spanish from North Americad. finding gold and becoming wealthye. claiming the Chesapeake for James I

32. The policy of the English government toward the American colonies for the quarter century prior to the French and Indian War is best characterized by one of

a. military occupationb. salutary neglectc. absolutist controld. close and careful supervisione. destructive exploitation

33. "A grave danger represents itself. Two-fifths of the insurgents in the field are Negroes. These men...would, in the event of success, demand a predominate share in the government of the country [Cuba]...the result being, after years of fighting, another black republic [in addition to Haiti]."The quotation above indicates that the writer believed that

a. appealing to American racial fears would prevent United States intervention to help Cuban rebels

b. Americans could establish overseas colonies for African Americansc. Americans would be indifferent to an open door policy in Latin America when questions

of race were consideredd. questions of race would have priority over the Roosevelt Corollary in American foreign

policye. it was time for the United States to avenge the sinking of the battleship Maine

34. All of the following were goals of the utopian communities of the 1840s EXCEPTa. escape from the competition of American lifeb. regulation of moral behaviorc. cooperative work and living unitsd. political secessione. shared wealth

35. All of the following are regarded as factors that contributed significantly to the sectional crisis culminating in the Civil War EXCEPT the

a. Gadsden Purchaseb. Kansas-Nebraska Actc. Dred Scott decisiond. Compromise of 1850e. election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency

36. All of the following occurred in the South during the last quarter of the nineteenth century EXCEPT

a. an upsurge in lynchingsb. the withdrawal of occupying federal forcesc. the selective disfranchisement of Blacksd. the return of White conservatives to political controle. an overall increase in Black land ownership

37.When the United States entered the First World War, it opposed which four the nations indicated on the map above?(Skip this question. Already answered on the map. Remember it for next time.)

a. 1, 2, 4, 5b. 1, 2, 4, 9c. 3, 5, 7, 8d. 3, 6, 8, 9e. 4, 6, 7, 9

38. The Scopes trial of 1925 dealt with which of the following issues?a. The power of the presidency in directing foreign affairsb. The ethical limits of medical researchc. The teaching of evolution in the public schoolsd. The legality of submarine warfaree. The right to patent industrial techniques

39. The Social Security system was established during thea. Civil War to care for the widows and orphans of Union soldiersb. Progressive Era to strengthen the appeal of the Democratic Party to working peoplec. 1920's as part of welfare capitalismd. 1930's as part of New Deal reform legislatione. 1940's as part of President Truman's program to provide veterans benefits

40. Which of the following books published in the early 1960's helped to stimulate concern among Americans about the need to protect the natural environment?

a. Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutionsb. Ken Kesey's One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nextc. Richard Nixon's Six Crisesd. John Updike's Pigeon Featherse. Rachel Carson's Silent Spring

41. The American war effort during the Revolution was most severely hindered bya. the treachery of Benedict Arnoldb. the financial weakness of the wartime governmentc. the refusal of the state governments to raise troopsd. Washington's lack of experience as a military tacticiane. well-organized Loyalist opposition to American military campaigns

42. Which of the following examples of twentieth century United States foreign policy most closely accords with attitudes expressed in George Washington's Farewell Address?

a. Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Pointsb. Refusal to join the League of Nationsc. Franklin D. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policyd. Institution of the Marshall Plane. Promulgation of the Eisenhower Doctrine

43. All of the following statements about slavery during the antebellum South are correct EXCEPTa. Plantation slaves and owners often practiced the same religionb. The number of slaves increased dramatically during the first half of the nineteenth

centuryc. The majority of White Southerners owned slavesd. Slave families were often broken upon by the sale of family memberse. Slaves worked in a variety of occupations over than agriculture

44. All of the following occurred during nineteenth century industrialization EXCEPT thea. replacement of skilled artisans by machinesb. application of waterpower or fossil-fuel power to the production processc. development of a national distribution systemd. accumulation of investment capital by corporationse. introduction of the automated assembly line

45. The Zimmerman note of 1917 revealed that Germany was willing toa. resume unrestricted submarine warfare against the United Statesb. support Mexico in recapturing control of the Southwestern United Statesc. invade Canada as a prelude to a United States invasiond. seize American possessions in the Pacifice. forge an alliance with Russia against the West

46. Which of the following events did Martin Luther King Jr. first assume a leadership role in the Civil Rights Movement?

a. The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka caseb. The Montgomery, Alabama bus boycottc. The Little Rock, Arkansas, high school confrontationd. The formation of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Partye. The Freedom Rides

47. The lunch counter sit-in that began in Greensboro, North Carolina in 1960 marked the beginning of

a. a partnership between labor unions and the Socialist party to end desegregationb. a partnership between African American organizations and the AFL-CIOc. militant activism of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

(NAACP)d. the militant activism of the Black Pantherse. student-led civil rights activism

48. The Korean War ended in 1953 witha. The South Korea government in control of the entire peninsula of the Manchuriab. the balance of forces approximately as before the warc. the surrender of the north Korean army to General MacArthurd. Russians in control of Seoule. Chinese Communists in control of Seoul

49. During his presidency, Theodore Roosevelt did which of the following?a. Established the Federal Trade Commissionb. Appointed Louis Brandeis to the Supreme Courtc. Secured for the United States the exclusive right to construct the Panama Canald. Issued the Open Door notese. Obtained passage of the Fifteenth Amendment

50. Coxey's Army of 1894 and the Bonus Army of 1932 were both examples ofa. the patriotic spirit aroused by foreign diplomatic insults to the United Statesb. protests against state and federal graft and corruptionc. mass disenchantment with the growing power of the federal governmentd. protests against unemployment and economic distresse. the growing demands for equal rights by Black Americans

51. The French and Dutch settlements in colonial North America were similar in t hat they botha. existed mainly for the purposes of trade with and the enrichment of the home countryb. depended on a cash crop economyc. governed themselves with no interference from the home countryd. were viewed by the home country as a place to settle excess populatione. were founded by religious dissenters who were prosecuted at home

52. The Sugar Act of 1764 was designed toa. tighten enforcement of English customs laws in Americab. encourage the growth of American agricultural productionc. encourage cooperation with the French in the sugar traded. prevent the sale and consumption of rum in Americae. eliminate the importation of sugar in the colonies

53. “We, therefore. . . do declare and ordain . . . That the several acts . . .are unauthorized by the Constitution of the United States . . . and are null, void, and no law, nor binding upon this state, its officers or citizens.”The quotation above reflects the political doctrine developed by:

a. George Washington b. John C. Calhounc. Daniel Websterd. Andrew Jacksone. Abraham Lincoln

54. Which of the following contributed to the growth of the abolitionist movement in the 1830’s?a. Invention of new farming equipment made slavery less popular.b. Northern farmers began to compete with plantation owners in the South in the

cultivation of cotton.c. The emerging factory system created a demand for a larger free labor force. d. Increasing antislavery sentiment in the South encouraged northern reformers to

organize more effectively. e. The religious spirit of the Second Great Awakening led many to regard slavery with

renewed hostility.55. Which of the following best characterizes the fundamental difference between Republicans and

Democrats in the 1850’s?a. Republicans favored territorial expansion; Democrats opposed it.b. Republicans wanted to prevent the expansion of slavery into the territories; Democrats

were divided on the question.c. Republicans attracted immigrant voters; Democrats attracted nativists.d. Democrats were stronger in the Urban North; Republicans were stronger in the Rural

South. e. Democrats favored high tariffs; Republicans were divided on the issue.

56. Which of the following was an important trend of the American economy between 1865 and 1900?

a. Most workers in the mass production industries were successfully unionized. b. Control over industry was increasingly concentrated through the formation of

monopolies and trusts.c. Black Southerners migrated northward in increasing numbers to take jobs in industry.d. The federal government undertook a rigorous program to control reckless exploitation

of natural resources.e. Women first began to work in factories.

57. The Populist (People’s) Party was organized in response to all of the following EXCEPT:a. falling prices for farm products b. government support for the free coinage of silverc. high railroad rates d. high interest rate on mortgages e. lack of easily available credit

58. In the late nineteen and early twentieth centuries, proponents of the Social Gospel believed that lasting social change would result primarily from:

a. dedication to religious practice and social reform b. the breakup of monopolies c. government ownership of basic industriesd. the establishment of communitarian societies e. an end to denominational splits among Protestants

Refer to the following image for Question 59

59. The Second World War poster above suggests that United States war propaganda attempted toa. promote socialismb. support labor unionsc. accelerate economic growthd. mute racial divisionse. defend civil liberties

60. Which of the following was a demographic phenomenon in the United States between 1975 and 1985?

a. A large-scale movement of people to northeastern cities. b. A large-scale movement of people to the Sunbelt.c. An end to illegal immigration. d. A decrease in the proportion of the population over sixty-five.e. An increase in the farm population.

61. Which of the following was an important consequence of the New World voyages of Columbus and the Spanish explorers of the early sixteenth century?

a. The world was proved to be round.b. Spain gained exclusive control of the South American continent.c. New trading routes to the East through the Northwest Passage were established.d. Old World diseases caused epidemics among the native inhabitants of the New World.e. Spain resettled much of its surplus population in the New World.

62. American Colonists objected to the Royal Proclamation of 1763 because ita. forbade settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.b. extended the boundary of French Canada to the Ohio River.c. required Americans to pay a stamp tax d. declared that the colonial assemblies were subordinate to Parliament e. allowed the use of writs of assistance to stop colonial smuggling.

63. Alexander Hamilton drew on which of the following parts of the Constitution to justify his banking plan for the new federal government?

a. The general welfare phrase of the Preamble.b. The necessary and proper clause. c. The listing of duties of the presidency.d. The amendment protecting the unemunerated rights of the people. e. The clause empowering Congress to regulate foreign commerce.

64. Which of the following is true of President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation?a. It declared free only those slaves living in areas still in rebellion against the Union.b. It declared free only those slaves in the United and the Confederate regions controlled

by Union forces.c. It excluded slavery from the territories. d. It declared that slavery would end the day the Confederacy surrendered. e. It declared that all slaves were unconditionally free.

65. Jane Addams is known chiefly for her worka. on behalf of the urban poorb. in the antislavery movement c. in the temperance movementd. in the education of Black Americans in the Southe. as a birth-control advocate

Questions 66-67 are based on the following cartoon:

66. The cartoonist would most likely have been labeled by his readers as a a. Copperheadb. Radical Republicanc. proslavery moderated. pacifiste. northern Democrat

67. The message of the following cartoon is best stated by which of the following?a. Black veterans have earned the rights of citizenship.b. Confederate politicians should be tried for war crimes.c. Freed slaves should be permitted to serve in the military. d. War veterans must be given pensions.e. Women as well as Black males should be granted the right to vote.

68. New Deal economic policy was characterized by:a. wage and price controls to curb inflation b. legislation to achieve a balanced budgetc. tax incentives to stimulate private sector investmentd. nationalization of basic industriese. public programs financed by deficit spending

69. Which of the following people is correctly matched with the organization that she or he led?a. Frances Willard . . National American Woman Suffrage Associationb. Carrie Chapman Catt . . Woman’s Christian Temperance Unionc. Samuel Gompers . . American Federation of Labor d. W.E.B. Du Bois . . Black Panther Partye. Black Elk. . American Indian Movement

70. In constructing a theory of nonviolent civil disobedience, Martin Luther King, Jr., was most profoundly influenced by the ideas of which of the following American writers?

a. Ralph Waldo Emersonb. Walt Whitmanc. Henry David Thoreau d. Harriet Beecher Stowee. James Fenimore Cooper

71. All of the following were true of the Second Continental Congress EXCEPT:a. It did not tax or regulate trade.b. It authorized a preemptive invasion of Canada.c. It was dominated by Tories.d. It was a provisional government for all thirteen colonies.e. It was led by men of property and influence.

72. Under John Marshall’s leadership, the United States Supreme Court did which of the following?a. Ruled that Supreme Court justices could not be impeached.b. Declared many federal laws unconstitutional.c. Hardened the powers of the federal government to deal with alleged treason.d. Allowed the seizure of American Indian tribal lands.e. Supported the supremacy of federal legislation over state legislation.

73. “We are of the opinion that the individual was not a citizen of Missouri within the meaning of the Constitution of the United States, and consequently was not entitled to sue in courts.”The opinion above, excerpted from a Supreme Court decision in 1857, was later invalidated by the

a. Emancipation Proclamationb. Fourteenth Amendmentc. Fifteenth Amendmentd. Second Missouri Compromisee. Military Reconstruction Acts

74. Which of the following was true of the Lowell factory system? a. It introduced the assembly line.b. It connected factories to the railroad distribution.c. It recruited young women from the countryside to work in the factory.d. It introduced the piecework system. e. It introduced mass production of cotton into linen clothing.

75. Which of the following best illustrates the concept of industrial unionism?a. The unionization of workers immediately following the Industrial Revolutionb. The organization of skilled workers by craft in the 1870’s c. The movement to establish company unions in the 1920’sd. The unionization of workers at all levels of an industry in the 1930’s e. The restriction of unionization to blue-collar workers after 1945

76. Margaret Sanger’s reputation as a social reformer rests largely on her work in the area ofa. higher education for womenb. unionization of female workersc. birth control for womend. woman suffragee. literacy training for immigrant women

77. All of the following were the subjects of constitutional amendments passed during the Progressive Era EXCEPT:

a. the right of women to vote in federal electionsb. personal income taxesc. the election of senators by popular voted. the manufacture and sale of liquor e. poll taxes for voting in federal elections

78. The invasion of Ethiopia, the Spanish Civil War, and the annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia served as the prelude to which of the following?

a. The Spanish-American Warb. The First World Warc. The Second World Ward. The Korean conflict e. The Gulf War

79. Unemployment and Government Action:FERA: Federal Emergency Relief ActCWA: Civil Works ActWPA: Works Progress AdministrationThe above supports which of the following statements about the New Deal?

a. The programs increased unemployment among farm workersb. The programs were partially successful in reducing employment, but later recovery was

stimulated by wartime economic activityc. Unemployment was a bigger problem for farm workers than for nonfarm workers during

the 1930sd. The programs were passed during Hoover’s administratione. There were more unemployed in 1937 than in 1933 despite the availability of New Deal

programs

80. Supporters of the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 had all of the following concerns EXCEPT: a. fear that some labor unions were under communist domination b. distress over the slowdown in growth of unions after the Second World Warc. employers were being coerced into union workersd. fear that widespread strikes would endanger the natione. belief that unions were abusing their powers

81. The Iroquois of the eighteen-century eastern woodlands differed from the Sioux of the nineteen-century plains in that the Iroquois

a. used horses b. were unaffected by contact with White people c. had a patriarchal societyd. lived in permanent settlementse. lacked a stable government structure

82. In the Great Awakening, a central point of the edict was that the “New Lights,” the supporters of change, did which of the following?

a. Attempted to establish stricter educational standards for those accepted into the church as ministers.

b. Rejected the doctrine of predestination.c. Tried to sever the ties between the religious communities of the colonies and those of

Europe. d. Tried to ease many of the church’s restrictions of social behavior.e. Advocated an emotional approach to religious practice that threatened the authority of

the established church.83. Which of the following best states the consequences of the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in

1852?a. A split within the abolitionist forces in the North.b. An increase in southern support for the American Colonization Society. c. A reform of the fugitive slave law.d. An increase in the criticism of slavery by Southerners.e. Growing sentiment in the North to abolish slavery.

84. During the seventeenth century, English and New England Puritans became known as Congregationalists because

a. church members were assigned to congregations so that religious and social discipline could be enforced.

b. the congregation became the unit of civil authority, passing laws, and distributing land titles to villagers.

c. their church’s authority rested with full members of the congregation rather than with bishops.

d. they de-emphasized the need for private prayer, believing that the congregation as a whole should worship together.

e. they believed that as faithful members of the congregation following John Calvin, they were promised salvation.

85. Which of the following American novels reflected the alienation of the Beat Generation of the 1950’s?

a. Main Streetb. The Grapes of Wrathc. On the Roadd. Run Rabbite. To Kill a Mockingbird

86. Which of the following characterizes the period from 1828 to 1836?a. abolitionist campaigns in the Southb. Monroe’s “Era of Good Feelings”c. economic depressiond. sectional strife over the tariffe. rapid growth of railroads

87. Frank Baum’s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz was originally written as a political commentary on which of the following issues?

a. free silver and the plight of American Farmersb. the morality of Manifest Destinyc. conservation of the nation’s natural resourcesd. assimilation of immigrants into American societye. the fear of witchcraft during the colonial period

88. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) differed from the Knights of Labor in that the AFLa. opposed racial discrimination within its localsb. opposed use of the strikec. recruited skilled and unskilled workers d. called for a major restructuring of the capitalist systeme. focused on economic rather than political issues

89. Which of the following persons did the most to expose the facts about the lynching of African Americans in the South during the decade after the First World War?

a. Ida B. Wells-Barnettb. Frederick Douglasc. Marcus Garveyd. Martin Luther Kinge. Sojourner Truth

90. “A few days later, Doris was back. She had to help get negroes in Natchez organized and failed. From what she said, the Klan ruled the entire area. CORE didn’t get enough cooperation from the negroes to be able to stay . . . Back at the Freedom House that evening, I found another letter from Mama. As usual, it was full of pleas begging me to leave Mississippi.”The above quotation is from a memoir of events in:

a. 1884b. 1926c. 1955d. 1963e. 1974